Sìona Prìs saor Sìona Pìoban ceart-cheàrnach stàilinn gun staoin Ceàrnag pìoba tàthaichte stàilinn gun staoin Ss 316L Pìoba
Bidh sinn a 'cumail a' leasachadh agus a 'dèanamh foirfeachd ar bathar agus ar seirbheis.Aig an aon àm, bidh sinn a 'coileanadh gu gnìomhach gus rannsachadh agus leasachadh a dhèanamh airson Sìona Prìs saor Sìona Pìoba ceart-cheàrnach stàilinn gun staoin Ceàrnag Pìoba Stàilinn Ss 316L Pìoba Ss 316L, Tha sinn a 'cur fàilte air luchd-ceannach anns a h-uile àite san fhacal fios a chuir thugainn airson comainn ghnìomhachasan beaga fad-ùine.Is e na fuasglaidhean againn am mullach.Aon uair ‘s gu bheil thu air a thaghadh, sàr-mhath gu bràth!
Bidh sinn a 'cumail a' leasachadh agus a 'dèanamh foirfeachd ar bathar agus ar seirbheis.Aig an aon àm, bidh sinn gu gnìomhach a’ dèanamh rannsachadh agus leasachadh airsonPìoba stàilinn stainless Sìona, Pìoban Stàilinn, Tha a’ chompanaidh againn a’ cumail suas spiorad “ùr-ghnàthachadh, co-sheirm, obair-sgioba agus roinneadh, slighean, adhartas pragmatach”.Thoir dhuinn cothrom agus dearbhaidh sinn ar comas.Le do chuideachadh choibhneil, tha sinn den bheachd gun urrainn dhuinn àm ri teachd soilleir a chruthachadh còmhla riut còmhla.
DIN Stàilinn 409 Pìoba tàthaichte
Solaraichean pìoban tàthaichte ASTM A312, Dèanadair phìoban tàthaichte stàilinn gun staoin, neach-seilbh stoc pìoban ERW stàilinn, às-mhalairt pìoban SS ERW ann an Sìona.
Thathas a’ lorg pìoban ERW ann an raon farsaing de thagraidhean leithid ann an tagraidhean Petroceimiceach, Ceimigeach, Ola & Gas, Fìneadaireachd, Feudach, Automotive, Bearing, Power, Structural Mechanical.
Bidh sinn a’ toirt seachad na pìoban tàthaichte sin ann an diofar ìrean, tighead agus meudan a rèir feumalachdan sònraichte ar luchd-ceannach.
Bathar coil stàilinn gun staoin:
tiùb coil stàilinn gun staoin
coil tiùba stàilinn gun staoin
tubing coil stàilinn gun staoin
pìob coil stàilinn gun staoin
solaraichean tiùb coil stàilinn gun staoin
luchd-dèanaidh tiùban coil stàilinn
coil pìoba stàilinn gun staoin
Seòrsaichean de phìoban tàthaichte stàilinn gun staoin
· Pìoba tàthaichte stàilinn gun staoin · Pìoban tàthaichte AISI SS
· Pìoba tàthaichte stàilinn DIN · Pìoban ASME SS ERW
· Pìoban ERW de stàilinn · Pìoban le tàthadh stàilinn
· Pìoban SS ERW · Pìoba tàthaichte stàilinn gun staoin ASTM A312
Sònrachadh pìoba tàthaichte DIN DIN 409:
Nì:pìob snasadh tàthaichte stàilinn
Seòrsa: tàthadh, EFW, ERW
Coitcheann:JIS DIN GOST ASTM A312 / ASTM SA312 AGUS inbhean eadar-nàiseanta eile
Ìre:201,202, 304,304L,316,316L,409,430,msaa
Meud:
Pìoba cruinn: OD 8-219mm
Pìoba ceàrnagach: OD 10x10mm -150x150mm
Pìoba ceart-cheàrnach: 10x20mm gu 120x180mm
Tighead: 0.2-12.7.0mm
uachdar pìoba:180G, 320G, 400G, 500G, 600G, Satain, loidhne fuilt, 2B, BA, sgàthan, 8K
Fad na pìoba:5.8m 6M 11.85M 12m
Deireadh:Deireadh soilleir, deireadh beveled
Feartan fiosaigeach pìob snasta stàilinn gun staoin:
Ìre | Sgrìobhadh, % | ||||||||||||||
carbon, | Manga- | Phos- | Sulfair, | sileacon, | nicil | Chromium | Molybdenum | Titanium | Columbium + Tantalum | ||||||
Austenitic | |||||||||||||||
MT-301 | 0.15 | 2.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 6.0–8.0 | 16.0–18.0 | … | … | … | |||||
MT-302 | 0.15 | 2.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 8.0–10.0 | 17.0–19.0 | … | … | … | |||||
MT-304 | 0.08 | 2.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 8.0–11.0 | 18.0–20.0 | … | … | … | |||||
MT-304L | 0.035A | 2.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 8.0–13.0 | 18.0–20.0 | … | … | … | |||||
MT-305 | 0.12 | 2.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 10.0–13.0 | 17.0–19.0 | … | … | … | |||||
MT-309S | 0.08 | 2.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 12.0–15.0 | 22.0–24.0 | … | … | ... | |||||
MT-309S-Cb | 0.08 | 2.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 12.0–15.0 | 22.0–24.0 | … | … | B | |||||
MT-310S | 0.08 | 2.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 19.0–22.0 | 24.0–26.0 | … | … | … | |||||
MT-316 | 0.08 | 2.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 10.0–14.0 | 16.0–18.0 | 2.0–3.0 | … | … | |||||
MT-316L | 0.035A | 2.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 10.0–15.0 | 16.0–18.0 | 2.0–3.0 | … | … | |||||
MT-317 | 0.08 | 2.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 11.0–14.0 | 18.0–20.0 | 3.0–4.0 | … | … | |||||
MT-321 | 0.08 | 2.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 9.0–13.0 | 17.0–20.0 | … | C | … | |||||
MT-330 | 0.15 | 2.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 33.0–36.0 | 14.0–16.0 | … | … | … | |||||
MT-347 | 0.08 | 2.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 9.0–13.0 | 17.0–20.0 | … | … | B | |||||
Feallsanach | |||||||||||||||
MT-429 | 0.12 | 1.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 0.50 aig a’ char as àirde | 14.0–16.0 | … | … | … | |||||
MT-430 | 0.12 | 1.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 0.50 aig a’ char as àirde | 16.0–18.0 | … | … | … | |||||
MT-430-Ti | 0.10 | 1.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 0.075 air a char as àirde | 16.0–19.5 | … | 5 × C min, | … | |||||
0.75 aig a’ char as àirde |
Iarrtas:
Cleachdadh 1.Decoration (rathad, rèile-làimhe drochaid, rèilichean, stad bus, port-adhair agus gym
2.Construction agus sgeadachadh
3.Industry sgìre (peatrail, biadh, ceimigeach, pàipear, todhar, aodach, itealain agus niùclasach
Ma tha thu airson tuilleadh fhaighinn a-mach mun phìob / tiùb stàilinn gun staoin, cuir fios thugainn.
Tube stàilinn ceàrnagach (mm) | Tube stàilinn ceart-cheàrnach (mm) | Tube stàilinn cruinn (mm) |
10×10×0.6~3.0 | 10×20×0.6~3.0 | 6 × 0.6 ~ 1.0 |
15×15×0.6~3.0 | 20×30×0.6~3.0 | 12×0.6~1.5 |
20×20×0.6~3.0 | 20×40×0.6~3.0 | 13×0.6~1.5 |
25×25×0.6~3.0 | 25×50×0.6~3.5 | 16×0.6~2.0 |
30×30×0.6~3.5 | 30×50×0.6~3.5 | 19×0.6~3.0 |
40×40×0.6~3.5 | 40×60×0.6~3.5 | 20×0.6~3.0 |
50×50×0.6~3.5 | 40×80×0.6~3.5 | 22×0.6~3.0 |
60×60×0.6~3.5 | 60 × 80 × 1.0 ~ 6.0 | 25×0.6~3.0 |
70×70×0.6~3.5 | 50 × 100 × 1.0 ~ 6.0 | 27×0.6~3.0 |
75×75×0.6~3.5 | 60 × 120 × 1.0 ~ 6.0 | 32×0.6~3.0 |
80×80×1.0~6.0 | 80 × 120 × 2.0 ~ 8.0 | 40×0.6~3.5 |
100 × 100 × 2.0 ~ 8.0 | 80 × 160 × 2.0 ~ 8.0 | 38×0.6~3.0 |
120×120×2.0~8.0 | 100 × 150 × 2.0 ~ 8.0 | 48×0.6~3.5 |
150 × 150 × 2.0 ~ 8.0 | 100 × 200 × 2.0 ~ 8.0 | 60×0.6~3.5 |
200×200×4.0~16.0 | 150×250×4.0~12.0 | 76×0.6~3.5 |
250 × 250 × 4.0 ~ 16.0 | 200×300×4.0~16.0 | 89 × 1.0 ~ 6.0 |
300×300×4.0~16.0 | 300×400×4.0~16.0 | 104 × 1.0 ~ 6.0 |
400 × 400 × 4.0 ~ 16.0 | 300×500×4.0~16.0 | 114 × 1.0 ~ 6.0 |
Feartan fiosaigeach pìob snasta stàilinn gun staoin:
Ìre | Sgrìobhadh, % | |||||||||
carbon, | Manga- | Phos- | Sulfair, | sileacon, | nicil | Chromium | Molybdenum | Titanium | Columbium + Tantalum | |
Austenitic | ||||||||||
301 | 0.15 | 2.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 6.0–8.0 | 16.0–18.0 | … | … | … |
302 | 0.15 | 2.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 8.0–10.0 | 17.0–19.0 | … | … | … |
304 | 0.08 | 2.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 8.0–11.0 | 18.0–20.0 | … | … | … |
304L | 0.035A | 2.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 8.0–13.0 | 18.0–20.0 | … | … | … |
305 | 0.12 | 2.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 10.0–13.0 | 17.0–19.0 | … | … | … |
309S | 0.08 | 2.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 12.0–15.0 | 22.0–24.0 | … | … | ... |
309S-Cb | 0.08 | 2.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 12.0–15.0 | 22.0–24.0 | … | … | B |
310S | 0.08 | 2.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 19.0–22.0 | 24.0–26.0 | … | … | … |
316 | 0.08 | 2.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 10.0–14.0 | 16.0–18.0 | 2.0–3.0 | … | … |
316L | 0.035A | 2.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 10.0–15.0 | 16.0–18.0 | 2.0–3.0 | … | … |
317 | 0.08 | 2.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 11.0–14.0 | 18.0–20.0 | 3.0–4.0 | … | … |
321 | 0.08 | 2.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 9.0–13.0 | 17.0–20.0 | … | C | … |
330 | 0.15 | 2.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 33.0–36.0 | 14.0–16.0 | … | … | … |
347 | 0.08 | 2.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 9.0–13.0 | 17.0–20.0 | … | … | B |
429 | 0.12 | 1.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 0.50 aig a’ char as àirde | 14.0–16.0 | … | … | … |
430 | 0.12 | 1.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 0.50 aig a’ char as àirde | 16.0–18.0 | … | … | … |
430-Ti | 0.10 | 1.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 0.075 air a char as àirde | 16.0–19.5 | … | 5 × C min, | … |
0.75 aig a’ char as àirde |
▼Tiùban coiled stàilinn / pìoban coiled ìre stuth:
Na Stàitean Aonaichte | A' GHEARMAILT | A' GHEARMAILT | AN FHRAING | IAPAN | AN EADAILT | AN T-SUAIN | RA | EU | AN SPAINN | AN RUIS |
AISI | DIN 17006 | WN 17007 | AFNOR | JIS | UNI | SIS | BSI | EACHDRAIDH | ||
201 | SUS 201 | |||||||||
301 | X 12 CrNi 17 7 | 1.4310 | Z 12 CN 17-07 | SUS 301 | X 12 CrNi 1707 | 23 31 | 301S21 | X 12 CrNi 17 7 | X 12 CrNi 17-07 | |
302 | X 5 CrNi 18 7 | 1.4319 | Z 10 CN 18-09 | SUS 302 | X 10 CrNi 1809 | 23 31 | 302S25 | X 10 CrNi 18 9 | X 10 CrNi 18-09 | 12KH18N9 |
303 | X 10 CrNiS 18 9 | 1.4305 | Z 10 CNF 18-09 | SUS 303 | X 10 CrNiS 1809 | 23 46 | 303S21 | X 10 CrNiS 18 9 | X 10 CrNiS 18-09 | |
303 Se | Z 10 CNF 18-09 | SUS 303 Se | X 10 CrNiS 1809 | 303S41 | X 10 CrNiS 18-09 | 12KH18N10E | ||||
304 | X 5 CrNi 18 10 X 5 CrNi 18 12 | 1.4301 1.4303 | Z 6 CN 18-09 | SUS 304 | X 5 CrNi 1810 | 23 32 | 304S15 304S16 | X 6 CrNi 18 10 | X 6 CrNi 19-10 | 08KH18N10 06KH18N11 |
304 n | SUS 304N1 | X 5 CrNiN 1810 | ||||||||
304 H | SUS F 304H | X 8 CrNi 1910 | X 6 CrNi 19-10 | |||||||
304 l | X 2 CrNi 18 11 | 1.4306 | Z 2 CN 18-10 | SUS 304L | X 2 CrNi 1911 | 23 52 | 304S11 | X 3 CrNi 18 10 | X 2 CrNi 19-10 | 03KH18N11 |
X 2 CrNiN 18 10 | 1.4311 | Z 2 CN 18-10-Az | SUS 304LN | X 2 CrNiN, 1811 | 23 71 | |||||
305 | Z 8 CN 18-12 | SUS 305 | X 8 CrNi 1812 | 23 33 | 305S19 | X 8 CrNi 18 12 | X 8 CrNi 18-12 | |||
Z 6 CNU 18-10 | SUS XM7 | X 6 CrNiCu 18 10 4 Kd | ||||||||
309 | X 15 CrNiS 20 12 | 1.4828 | Z 15 CN 24-13 | SUH 309 | X 16 CrNi 2314 | 309S24 | X 15 CrNi 23 13 | |||
309 S | SUS 309S | X 6 CrNi 2314 | X 6 CrNi 22 13 | |||||||
310 | X 12 CrNi 25 21 | 1.4845 | SUH 310 | X 22 CrNi 2520 | 310S24 | 20KH23N18 | ||||
310 S | X 12 CrNi 25 20 | 1.4842 | Z 12 CN 25-20 | SUS 310S | X 5 CrNi 2520 | 23 61 | X 6 CrNi 25 20 | 10KH23N18 | ||
314 | X 15 CrNiSi 25 20 | 1.4841 | Z 12 CNS 25-20 | X 16 CrNiSi 2520 | X 15 CrNiSi 25 20 | 20KH25N20S2 | ||||
316 | X 5 CrNiMo 17 12 2 | 1.4401 | Z 6 CND 17-11 | SUS 316 | X 5 CrNiMo 1712 | 23 47 | 316S31 | X 6 CrNiMo 17 12 2 | X 6 CrNiMo 17-12-03 | |
316 | X 5 CrNiMo 17 13 3 | 1.4436 | Z 6 CND 17-12 | SUS 316 | X 5 CrNiMo 1713 | 23 43 | 316S33 | X 6 CrNiMo 17 13 3 | X 6 CrNiMo 17-12-03 | |
316 f | X 12 CrNiMoS 18 11 | 1.4427 | ||||||||
316 N | SUS 316N | |||||||||
316 H | SUS F 316H | X 8 CrNiMo 1712 | X 5 CrNiMo 17-12 | |||||||
316 H | X 8 CrNiMo 1713 | X 6 CrNiMo 17-12-03 | ||||||||
316 l | X 2 CrNiMo 17 13 2 | 1.4404 | Z 2 CND 17-12 | SUS 316L | X 2 CrNiMo 1712 | 23 48 | 316S11 | X 3 CrNiMo 17 12 2 | X 2 CrNiMo 17-12-03 | 03KH17N14M2 |
X 2 Criosduidh 17 12 2 | 1.4406 | Z 2 CND 17-12-Az | SUS 316LN | X 2 Criosda, 1712 | ||||||
316 l | X 2 CrNiMo 18 14 3 | 1.4435 | Z 2 CND 17-13 | X 2 CrNiMo 1713 | 23 53 | 316S13 | X 3 CrNiMo 17 13 3 | X 2 CrNiMo 17-12-03 | 03KH16N15M3 | |
X 2 Criosduidh 17 13 3 | 1.4429 | Z 2 CND 17-13-Az | X 2 Criosduidh, 1713 | 23 75 | ||||||
X 6 CrNiMoTi 17 12 2 | 1.4571 | Z6 CNDT 17-12 | X 6 CrNiMoTi 1712 | 23 50 | 320S31 | X 6 CrNiMoTi 17 12 2 | X 6 CrNiMoTi 17-12-03 | 08KH17N13M2T 10KH17N13M2T | ||
X 10 CrNiMoTi 18 12 | 1.4573 | X 6 CrNiMoTi 1713 | 320S33 | X 6 CrNiMoTI 17 13 3 | X 6 CrNiMoTi 17-12-03 | 08KH17N13M2T 10KH17N13M2T | ||||
X 6 CrNiMoNb 17 12 2 | 1.4580 | Z 6 CNDNb 17-12 | X 6 CrNiMoNb 1712 | X 6 CrNiMoNb 17 12 2 | 08KH16N13M2B | |||||
X 10 CrNiMoNb 18 12 | 1.4583 | X 6 CrNiMoNb 1713 | X 6 CrNiMoNb 17 13 3 | 09KH16N15M3B | ||||||
317 | SUS 317 | X 5 CrNiMo 1815 | 23 66 | 317S16 | ||||||
317 l | X 2 CrNiMo 18 16 4 | 1.4438 | Z 2 CND 19-15 | SUS 317L | X 2 CrNiMo 1815 | 23 67 | 317S12 | X 3 CrNiMo 18 16 4 | ||
317 l | X 2 CrNiMo 18 16 4 | 1.4438 | Z 2 CND 19-15 | SUS 317L | X 2 CrNiMo 1816 | 23 67 | 317S12 | X 3 CrNiMo 18 16 4 | ||
330 | X 12 NiCrSi 36 16 | 1.4864 | Z 12NCS 35-16 | SUH 330 | ||||||
321 | X 6 CrNiTi 18 10 X 12 CrNiTi 18 9 | 1.4541 1.4878 | Z 6 CNT 18-10 | SUS 321 | X 6 CrNiTi 1811 | 23 37 | 321S31 | X 6 CrNiTi 18 10 | X 6 CrNiTi 18-11 | 08KH18N10T |
321 H | SUS 321H | X 8 CrNiTi 1811 | 321S20 | X 7 CrNiTi 18-11 | 12KH18N10T | |||||
329 | X 8 CrNiMo 27 5 | 1.4460 | SUS 329J1 | 23 24 | ||||||
347 | X 6 CrNiNb 18 10 | 1.4550 | Z 6 CNNb 18-10 | SUS 347 | X 6 CrNiNb 1811 | 23 38 | 347S31 | X 6 CrNiNb 18 10 | X 6 CrNiNb 18-11 | 08KH18N12B |
347 H | SUS F 347H | X 8 CrNiNb 1811 | X 7 CrNiNb 18-11 | |||||||
904L | 1.4939 | Z 12 CNDV 12-02 | ||||||||
X 20 CrNiSi 25 4 | 1.4821 | |||||||||
UNS31803 | X 2 Criosduidh 22 5 | 1.4462 | ||||||||
UNS32760 | X 3 Criosduidh 25 7 | 1.4501 | Z 3 CND 25-06Az | |||||||
403 | X 6 Cr 13 X 10 Cr 13 X 15 Cr 13 | 1.4000 1.4006 1.4024 | Z 12 C 13 | SUS 403 | X 12 Cr 13 | 23 02 | 403S17 | X 10 Cr 13 X 12 Cr 13 | X 6 Cr 13 | 12 Kh13 |
405 | X 6 CRal 13 | 1.4002 | Z 6 CA 13 | SUS 405 | X 6 CRal 13 | 405S17 | X 6 CRal 13 | X 6 CRal 13 | ||
X 10 CRAL 7 | 1.4713 | Z 8 CA 7 | X 10 CRAL 7 | |||||||
X 10 CRAL 13 | 1.4724 | X 10 CRAL 12 | 10Kh13SYu | |||||||
X 10 CRAL 18 | 1.4742 | X 10 CrSiAl 18 | 15Kh18SYu | |||||||
409 | X 6 CrTi 12 | 1.4512 | Z 6 CT 12 | SUH 409 | X 6 CrTi 12 | 409S19 | X 5 CrTi 12 | |||
X 2 CrTi 12 | ||||||||||
410 | X 6 Cr 13 X 10 Cr 13 X 15 Cr 13 | 1.4000 1.4006 1.4024 | Z 10 C 13 Z 12 C 13 | SUS 410 | X 12 Cr 13 | 23 02 | 410S21 | X 12 Cr 13 | X 12 Cr 13 | 12 Kh13 |
410 S | X 6 Cr 13 | 1.4000 | Z 6 C 13 | SUS 410S | X 6 Cr 13 | 23 01 | 403S17 | X 6 Cr 13 | 08Kh13 |
Factaraidh
Buannachd càileachd:
Tha càileachd ar toraidhean airson an loidhne smachd ann an roinn ola is gas air a dhearbhadh chan ann a-mhàin tron phròiseas saothrachaidh fo smachd ach cuideachd tro dheuchainn toraidh crìochnaichte.Am measg nan deuchainnean àbhaisteach tha:
1.Non-destructive deuchainnean
2. Hydrostatic deuchainnean
Smachdan crìochnachaidh 3.Surface
4. Tomhais cruinneas meud
5.Flare agus deuchainnean coning
6. Deuchainn seilbh meacanaigeach agus ceimigeach
An aplacaid caillary tube
1) Gnìomhachas innealan meidigeach
2) smachd teothachd gnìomhachais air a stiùireadh le teòthachd, pìob air a chleachdadh le mothachairean, teirmiméadar tiùba
3) Tiùb cridhe gnìomhachas cùram peann
4) antenna meanbh-tiùb, diofar sheòrsaichean de antenna stàilinn beag mionaideachd
5) Le measgachadh de beag-trast-thomhas eileagtronaigeach stàilinn capillary
6) Punch snàthad seuda
7) uaireadairean, dealbh
8) Tiùb antenna càr, antennas bàr a’ cleachdadh phìoban, tiùb antenna
9) Uidheam gràbhalaidh laser gus tiùb stàilinn gun staoin a chleachdadh
10) Uidheam iasgaich, sgeadachadh, Yugan a-muigh le seilbh
11) Diet le capillary stàilinn
12) a h-uile seòrsa de fhòn-làimhe stylus agus stylus coimpiutair
13) Teasachadh pìoba gnìomhachas, ola gnìomhachas
14) Clò-bhualadairean, snàthad bogsa sàmhach
15) Tarraing tiùb stàilinn le dà leaghadh air a chleachdadh ann an ceangal uinneig
16) Measgachadh de thrast-thomhas beag gnìomhachais Tiùban stàilinn gun staoin
17) Precision riarachadh le snàthadan stàilinn
18) Micreofon, fònaichean-cluaise agus microfòn gus tiùb stàilinn gun staoin a chleachdadh, agus mar sin air adhart