Gabatarwa

Mataki na 316 shine daidaitaccen darajar molybdenum, na biyu a mahimmanci zuwa 304 daga cikin bakin karfe na austenitic.Molybdenum yana ba da 316 ingantattun kaddarorin juriya gabaɗaya fiye da Grade 304, musamman mafi girman juriya ga ramuka da ɓarna a cikin mahallin chloride.

Grade 316L, ƙananan sigar carbon na 316 kuma ba shi da kariya daga haɓakawa (hazo kan iyakokin hatsi).Don haka ana amfani dashi da yawa a cikin abubuwan da aka haɗa ma'auni mai nauyi (fiye da 6mm).Yawanci babu bambancin farashi mai daraja tsakanin 316 da 316L bakin karfe.

Tsarin austenitic kuma yana ba wa waɗannan maki kyakkyawan ƙarfi, har zuwa yanayin zafi na cryogenic.

Idan aka kwatanta da chromium-nickel austenitic bakin karfe, 316L bakin karfe yana ba da mafi girman raɗaɗi, damuwa don karyewa da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi a yanayin zafi mai tsayi.

Maɓalli Properties

An ƙayyade waɗannan kaddarorin don samfurin birgima (faranti, takarda da nada) a cikin ASTM A240/A240M.Irin wannan amma ba dole ba ne kaddarorin da aka keɓance don wasu samfuran kamar bututu da mashaya a cikin ƙayyadaddun su.

Abun ciki

Tebur 1. Abubuwan da aka haɗa don 316L bakin karfe.

Kayayyakin Injini

Tebur 2. Kayan aikin injiniya na 316L bakin karfe.

Abubuwan Jiki

Table 3.Kaddarorin jiki na yau da kullun don bakin karfe 316.

Kwatanta Ƙirar Maki

Table 4.Bayani dalla-dalla ga 316L bakin karfe.

Lura: Waɗannan kwatancen kusan su ne kawai.An yi nufin lissafin azaman kwatancen kayan aiki masu kama da aiki ba azaman jadawalin daidaitattun kwangiloli ba.Idan ana buƙatar daidai daidai da ƙayyadaddun bayanai na asali dole ne a nemi shawara.

Matsaloli masu yuwuwar Madadin

Tebur 5. Matsakaicin madadin maki zuwa 316 bakin karfe.

Table 5.Matsakaicin madadin maki zuwa 316 bakin karfe.

Daraja

Me yasa za'a iya zaba maimakon 316?

317l

Mafi girman juriya ga chlorides fiye da 316L, amma tare da juriya iri ɗaya ga lalata lalata.

Juriya na Lalata

Madalla a cikin kewayon yanayi na yanayi da kuma kafofin watsa labarai masu lalata da yawa - gabaɗaya sun fi juriya fiye da 304. Dangane da lalatawar rami da ɓarna a cikin yanayin yanayin chloride mai dumi, da damuwa lalata lalata sama da kusan 60.°C. An yi la'akari da juriya ga ruwan sha tare da kusan 1000mg / L chlorides a yanayin zafi, rage zuwa kusan 500mg/L a 60°C.

316 yawanci ana ɗaukarsa azaman ma'auni"marine sa bakin karfe”, amma ba ya jure wa dumin ruwan teku.A yawancin mahalli na ruwa 316 yana nuna lalatawar saman, yawanci ana iya gani kamar launin ruwan kasa.Wannan yana da alaƙa musamman tare da ɓarna da ƙaƙƙarfan ƙarewar saman.

Juriya mai zafi

Kyakkyawan juriya na iskar oxygen a cikin sabis na tsaka-tsaki zuwa 870°C kuma a cikin ci gaba da sabis zuwa 925°C. Ci gaba da amfani da 316 a cikin 425-860°Ba a ba da shawarar kewayon C idan juriya na lalata ruwa na gaba yana da mahimmanci.Grade 316L ya fi juriya ga hazo carbide kuma ana iya amfani dashi a cikin kewayon zafin jiki na sama.Mataki na 316H yana da ƙarfi mafi girma a yanayin zafi mai tsayi kuma wani lokaci ana amfani dashi don aikace-aikacen tsari da matsi a yanayin zafi sama da 500°C.

Maganin Zafi

Maganin Magani (Annealing) - Zafi zuwa 1010-1120°C kuma yayi sanyi da sauri.Ba za a iya taurare waɗannan maki ta hanyar maganin zafi ba.

Walda

Kyakkyawan walƙiya ta duk daidaitattun hanyoyin haɗin kai da juriya, duka tare da ba tare da ƙarafa mai filler ba.Sassan welded masu nauyi a cikin Grade 316 suna buƙatar annealing bayan walda don matsakaicin juriya na lalata.Ba a buƙatar wannan don 316L.

316L bakin karfe ba gaba ɗaya weldable ta amfani da oxyacetylene walda hanyoyin.

Machining

316L bakin karfe yana son yin aiki mai ƙarfi idan an yi shi da sauri.Don haka ana ba da shawarar ƙananan gudu da ƙimar ciyarwa akai-akai.

316L bakin karfe kuma yana da sauƙin injin idan aka kwatanta da bakin karfe 316 saboda ƙananan abun ciki na carbon.

Aiki mai zafi da sanyi

316L bakin karfe na iya zama zafi aiki ta amfani da mafi yawan na kowa zafi aiki dabaru.Mafi kyawun yanayin zafi mai aiki ya kamata ya kasance a cikin kewayon 1150-1260°C, kuma tabbas bai kamata ya zama ƙasa da 930 ba°C. Ya kamata a gudanar da aikin annealing don haifar da matsakaicin juriya na lalata.

Yawancin ayyukan aikin sanyi na yau da kullun kamar shearing, zane da tambari ana iya yin su akan bakin karfe 316L.Ya kamata a gudanar da aikin shafewar bayan aiki don cire damuwa na ciki.

Hardening da Aiki Hardening

316L bakin karfe ba ya taurare a mayar da martani ga zafi jiyya.Ana iya taurare shi ta hanyar aikin sanyi, wanda kuma zai iya haifar da ƙarin ƙarfi.

Aikace-aikace

Aikace-aikace na yau da kullun sun haɗa da:

•Kayan aikin shirya abinci musamman a wuraren chloride.

•Magunguna

•Aikace-aikacen ruwa

•Aikace-aikace na gine-gine

•Abubuwan da aka dasa na likita, gami da fil, sukukuwa da ƙwalƙwalwar kashin baya kamar jimillar maye gurbin hip da gwiwa.

•Fasteners