Hangen nesa Anish Kapoor game da sassaken Cloud Gate a filin shakatawa na Millennium na Chicago shine cewa ya yi kama da mercury mai ruwa, ba tare da lahani ba yana nuna birni da ke kewaye. Samun wannan rashin daidaituwa aiki ne na soyayya.
"Abin da nake so in yi a Millennium Park shi ne in yi wani abu da zai dace da sararin samaniyar Chicago ... don haka mutane za su ga gajimare suna shawagi a ciki da kuma waɗancan dogayen gine-ginen da aka nuna a cikin aikin. Sa'an nan kuma, saboda nau'insa a cikin ƙofar, mahalarta, masu sauraro, za su iya shiga cikin wannan ɗakin mai zurfi, ta hanyar da yake yin abu ɗaya ga tunanin mutum kamar yadda aikin da ke kewaye da shi ke nunawa a cikin birnin." – Shahararriyar mawakin Birtaniya Anish Kapoor, mai sassaka kofa na Cloud Gate
Idan aka kalli yanayin kwanciyar hankali na wannan sassaken bakin karfe, yana da wuya a iya hasashen irin karfe da karfin gwiwa da ke karkashinsa. Ƙofar Cloud tana ɓoye labaran fiye da 100 masu ƙirƙira ƙarfe, masu sassaƙa, masu walda, trimmers, injiniyoyi, masu fasaha, ma'aikatan ƙarfe, masu sakawa, da manajoji—duk tsawon shekaru biyar.
Mutane da yawa suna aiki a kan lokaci, suna yin aikin bita a tsakiyar dare, suna yin zango a wurin, da kuma yin aiki a cikin yanayin zafi na 110-digiri a cikin cikakkun nau'in Tyvek® da kuma rabin-mask respirators.
Ƙarfafa tunanin sculptor Anish Kapoor game da gizagizai masu yawo a cikin 110-ton, 66-foot-long, 33-feet-tsawon bakin karfe sassaka shi ne aikin masana'anta kamfanin Performance Structures Inc. (PSI), Oakland, CA, da MTH, Villa Park, IL10th bikin tunawa da karfe daya na gine-gine. da masu kwangilar ƙirar gilashin a cikin yankin Chicago.
Abubuwan da ake buƙata don gane aikin za su shiga cikin aiwatar da fasaha, fasaha, fasaha na injiniya da kuma masana'antun masana'antu na kamfanonin biyu. Sun saba da har ma da gina kayan aiki don aikin.
Wasu daga cikin ƙalubalen aikin sun zo ne daga siffarsa mai banƙyama - digo ko maɓallin ciki mai juyayi - wasu kuma daga girman girmansa. Kamfanoni daban-daban guda biyu ne suka gina su a wurare daban-daban na dubban mil, suna haifar da matsaloli tare da sufuri da tsarin aiki. Yawancin matakai da dole ne a yi a cikin filin suna da wuya a yi a cikin kantin sayar da kayayyaki, balle ma a cikin filin, ba a taɓa yin irin wannan tsari ba. babu tsari, babu taswirar hanya.
Ethan Silva na PSI yana da kwarewa mai yawa a cikin ginin harsashi, da farko a kan jiragen ruwa kuma daga baya a cikin wasu ayyukan fasaha, wanda ya cancanta don ayyukan gina harsashi na musamman.Anish Kapoor ya nemi masu digiri na kimiyyar lissafi da fasaha don samar da karamin samfurin.
"Saboda haka na yi samfurin mita 2 x 3, wani yanki mai lanƙwasa mai santsi mai santsi, sai ya ce, 'Oh, ka yi shi, kai kaɗai ne ka yi shi,' saboda yana neman shekaru biyu don Nemo wanda zai yi," in ji Silva.
Asalin shirin shi ne PSI ta yi cikakken ƙirƙira da gina sassaken, sa'an nan kuma jigilar dukan yanki kudu da Tekun Pasifik, ta hanyar Panama Canal, arewa tare da Atlantic Ocean, da kuma tare da St. Lawrence Seaway zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa a kan Lake Michigan, a cewar Edward Uhlir, babban darektan na Millennium Park Inc. A cewar sanarwar, wani musamman tsara na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa zai kai shi zuwa Parkint da m tsare-tsaren. Canji.Saboda haka, dole ne a yi ƙarfin gwiwa don jigilar kayayyaki da jigilar kaya zuwa Chicago, inda MTH za ta haɗu da tsarin ƙasa da tsarin gine-gine, kuma ya haɗa sassan zuwa babban tsarin.
Kammalawa da goge walƙiya na Ƙofar Cloud don kyan gani mara kyau yana ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da suka fi wahala na shigarwa da aikin filin.Tsarin mataki na 12 yana ƙare da rouge mai haske mai kama da kayan ado na kayan ado.
"Saboda haka mun yi aiki a kan wannan aikin na kimanin shekaru uku, muna yin waɗannan sassa," in ji Silva. "Aiki ne mai wuyar gaske. Yawancin lokaci ana kashewa don gano yadda za a yi shi da kuma yin aiki da cikakkun bayanai; ka sani, kawai kammala shi. Yadda muke amfani da fasahar kwamfuta da kyakkyawan aikin ƙarfe na zamani shine ƙirƙira da haɗin fasahar sararin samaniya."
Yana da wuya a yi wani abu mai girma da nauyi tare da daidaito, in ji shi. Mafi yawan faranti sun kai mita 7 fadi da tsayin ƙafa 11 kuma suna auna nauyin 1,500.
"Yin duk aikin CAD da ƙirƙirar ainihin zane-zane na kanti don aikin shine ainihin babban aiki a kansa," in ji Silva.
"Mun yi samfurin kwamfuta sannan muka raba ta," in ji Silva. "Na yi amfani da kwarewata game da ginin harsashi, kuma ina da wasu ra'ayoyi kan yadda zan raba sifofin don samun layin layi don yin aiki don mu sami sakamako mafi kyau."
Wasu faranti suna da murabba'i, wasu nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i) nau'i-nau'i.
Plasma yana yanke 1/4- zuwa 3/8-inch mai kauri 316L bakin karfe, wanda yake da ƙarfi da kansa, in ji Silva.
Ana birgima allunan akan rollers na 3D waɗanda PSI ta tsara da kera su musamman don mirgina waɗannan allunan (duba Hoto na 1).” Wannan nau'in ɗan uwa ne ga rollers na Burtaniya. Muna mirgina su ta amfani da wata dabara mai kama da yadda ake yin fenders, ”in ji Silva. Lanƙwasa kowane panel ta hanyar motsa shi baya da gaba akan rollers, daidaita matsa lamba a kan rollers har sai girman da ake buƙata na inci 0. don samar da zanen gado lami lafiya, in ji shi.
Sa'an nan kuma mai waldawa ya ɗaure juzu'i zuwa tsarin tsarin haƙarƙari na ciki. "A ganina, flux cored shine ainihin hanya mai kyau don ƙirƙirar welds a cikin bakin karfe," in ji Silva.
Dukkanin sassan allunan suna hannun hannu da injin niƙa don datsa su zuwa dubun da ake so na daidaitattun inci don su dace da juna (duba Hoto 2) .Duba ma'auni tare da ma'aunin ma'auni na daidaitattun kayan aikin laser. A ƙarshe, farantin yana gogewa zuwa ƙarshen madubi kuma an rufe shi da fim mai kariya.
Kimanin kashi ɗaya bisa uku na bangarori, tare da tushe da tsarin ciki, an kafa su a cikin taron gwaji kafin a aika da bangarori daga Auckland (duba Figures 3 da 4) .Ya tsara tsarin siding kuma ya yi wasu nau'in walda a kan wasu ƙananan allon don haɗa su tare. "Saboda haka lokacin da muka hada shi a Chicago, mun san cewa zai dace, "in ji Silva.
Zazzabi, lokaci da girgizar motar mota na iya haifar da takarda da aka yi birgima don sassautawa. Ƙirar ribbed ba kawai an tsara shi don ƙara ƙarfin jirgi ba, amma har ma don kula da siffar jirgin yayin sufuri.
Sabili da haka, tare da ragar ƙarfafawa a cikin ciki, farantin yana da zafi da kuma sanyaya don rage damuwa na kayan aiki.Don ci gaba da hana lalacewa a cikin wucewa, ana yin kullun ga kowane farantin karfe, wanda aka ɗora a kan kwantena, kimanin hudu a lokaci guda.
Bayan haka, an ɗora kwantena a cikin samfuran da aka gama, kusan huɗu a lokaci ɗaya, kuma an aika zuwa Chicago tare da ma'aikatan PSI don shigarwa tare da ma'aikatan MTH. Ɗayan shine mutumin da ke kula da sufuri, kuma ɗayan shine mai kulawa a fannin fasaha. Yana aiki tare da ma'aikatan MTH a kullum kuma yana taimakawa wajen bunkasa sababbin fasaha kamar yadda ake bukata.
Lyle Hill, shugaban MTH, ya ce da farko masana'antun na MTH an ba su alhakin tabbatar da sassaken ethereal a ƙasa da kuma shigar da babban tsarin, sannan walda zanen gadon zuwa gare shi tare da ba da yashi na ƙarshe da gogewa, ladabi na jagorar fasaha na PSI. Ƙarshen sassaka yana nufin daidaituwa tsakanin fasaha da aiki; ka'idar da gaskiya; lokacin da ake buƙata da lokacin tsarawa.
Lou Cerny, mataimakin shugaban injiniya na MTH kuma manajan ayyuka, ya ce abin da ya burge shi game da aikin shi ne na musamman nasa.” Kamar yadda muka sani, akwai abubuwan da ke faruwa kan wannan aiki na musamman da ba a taɓa yin irinsa ba, ko kuma ba a taɓa yin la’akari da su da gaske ba,” in ji Cerny.
Amma yin aiki a kan aikin na farko-na-na buƙatar sassauƙan dabarar kan shafin don saduwa da ƙalubalen da ba a zata ba da amsa tambayoyin da suka taso yayin da aikin ke ci gaba:
Yadda za a dace da 128 mota-sized bakin karfe bangarori zuwa m superstructure yayin da rike su da yaro safar hannu?Yaya za ka weld wani katuwar baka mai siffar wake ba tare da dogara da shi?Yadda za a shiga wani weld ba tare da iya walda daga ciki
Alamar farko da ke nuna cewa wannan zai zama wani aiki na musamman mai wahala, inji Cerny, shine lokacin da aka fara gini da sakawa akan kayan aikin fam 30,000. Tsarin karfen da ke tallafawa sassaka.
Yayin da ƙarfe mai arziƙin tutiya da PSI ta samar don haɗa ginin ginin ya kasance mai sauƙin ƙirƙira, wurin da ke ƙarƙashin ginin ya kasance rabin gidan cin abinci da rabi a kan wurin shakatawa na mota, kowanne a tsayi daban.
"Don haka tsarin tsarin yana da nau'in cantilevered kuma mai banƙyama," in ji Cerny. "Inda muka sanya wannan ƙarfe da yawa, ciki har da farkon farantin aikin kanta, a zahiri dole ne mu sami crane don fitar da shi zuwa rami mai ƙafa 5."
Cerny ya ce sun yi amfani da na'ura mai mahimmanci na ƙwanƙwasa, ciki har da na'urar preload na inji, irin nau'in kayan da ake amfani da su a cikin hakar ma'adinan kwal, da wasu ginshiƙan sinadarai.Da zarar an daidaita tsarin tsarin karfe a cikin simintin, ya zama dole a gina wani babban tsari wanda za a haɗa harsashi.
"Mun fara shigar da tsarin truss ta amfani da manyan nau'o'in nau'i biyu na 304 bakin karfe O-rings-daya a arewacin ƙarshen tsarin kuma daya a kan iyakar kudu," in ji Cerny (duba Hoto 3) . An yi amfani da zobba tare da criss-crossing tube trusses. The zobe-core subframe an gina a cikin sassan da kuma bolted a wuri ta amfani da barstild da GMAW.
"Don haka akwai babban tsari wanda babu wanda ya taɓa gani; yana da tsayayyen tsarin tsarin," in ji Cerny.
Duk da mafi ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarce don tsarawa, ƙirƙira, ƙirƙira da shigar da duk abubuwan da ake buƙata don aikin Auckland, wannan sassaka ba a taɓa yin irinsa ba kuma yana karya sabbin hanyoyi koyaushe yana zuwa tare da burrs da tarkace.
Silva ya ce "Yayin da aka tsara tsarin taron da walda a Oakland, ainihin yanayin wurin yana buƙatar dabarar daidaitawa daga kowa," in ji Silva. "Kuma ma'aikatan ƙungiyar suna da kyau sosai."
A cikin 'yan watannin farko, aikin yau da kullun na MTH shine sanin menene aikin rana ya ƙunsa da kuma yadda mafi kyawun ƙera wasu abubuwan haɗin ginin ƙasa, da kuma wasu struts, “shock absorbers,” makamai, turaku, da fil. Sandunan pogo da ake buƙata don ƙirƙirar tsarin siding na ɗan lokaci, in ji Er.
“Aiki ne da ake ci gaba da yi na zayyanawa da kuma kera su a kan gada don ci gaba da tafiya da kuma kai su wurin cikin gaggawa, muna kashe lokaci mai yawa wajen tantance abubuwan da muke da su, da sake fasalin da kuma sake fasalin wasu lokuta, sannan kuma mu kera kayan da ake bukata.
"A zahiri, za mu sami abubuwa 10 a ranar Talata da za mu isar da su a kan shafin ranar Laraba," in ji Hill.
"Kusan kashi 75 cikin 100 na abubuwan da aka dakatar da hukumar an kirkira su ne ko kuma an gyara su a filin," in ji Cerny. "Sau biyu, muna yin rana ta sa'o'i 24. Zan kasance a cikin kantin har zuwa karfe 2, 3 na safe, kuma zan koma gida don yin wanka, in karba da karfe 5:30 na safe, kuma har yanzu ina jika."
Tsarin dakatarwa na wucin gadi na MTH don haɗuwa da gidaje ya ƙunshi maɓuɓɓugar ruwa, struts da igiyoyi. Dukkanin haɗin gwiwa tsakanin faranti na ɗan lokaci an haɗa su tare. "Saboda haka dukkanin tsarin yana da alaka da injiniya, an dakatar da shi daga ciki, tare da 304 trusses, "in ji Cerny.
Sun fara da dome a gindin sassaken omhalus - "cibiyar maɓallin ciki" . An dakatar da dome daga trusses ta amfani da tsarin tallafi na wucin gadi hudu na dakatarwa na wucin gadi wanda ya ƙunshi rataye, igiyoyi da maɓuɓɓugan ruwa. Cerny ya ce bazara yana ba da "ba da ɗauka" yayin da aka ƙara ƙarin allon. Ana ƙara maɓuɓɓugan ruwa ta hanyar daidaita ma'auni ta kowane ma'auni.
Kowane kwamiti na 168 yana da nasa tsarin dakatarwar bazara mai maki hudu don haka ana tallafawa daban-daban yayin da yake wurin. "Ma'anar ba shine a wuce gona da iri ba saboda ana hada wadannan gidajen don cimma tazarar 0/0," in ji Cerny.
A matsayin shaida ga daidaiton aikin PSI, taron yana da kyau sosai tare da ɗimbin giɓi. "PSI ta yi aiki mai ban sha'awa na yin panels," in ji Cerny. "Na ba su duka saboda a ƙarshe, ya dace sosai. Fitout yana da kyau sosai, wanda yake da kyau a gare ni.
"Lokacin da suka gama taron, mutane da yawa suna tunanin an yi shi," in ji Silva, ba wai kawai saboda suturar sun kasance m ba, amma saboda cikakkun sassan da aka tattara, da kuma faranti na gilashin da aka goge sosai, sun shiga wasa don nuna yanayin da ke kewaye da shi. yace.
Dole ne a dakatar da kammala Ƙofar Cloud yayin babban buɗewar wurin shakatawa a cikin bazarar 2004, don haka omhalus ya kasance GTAW kai tsaye, kuma hakan ya ci gaba har na 'yan watanni.
"Kuna iya ganin ƙananan guraben launin ruwan kasa, waɗanda sune haɗin gwiwa na TIG a kusa da tsarin duka," in ji Cerny. "Mun fara sake gina tantuna a watan Janairu."
"Babban ƙalubale na masana'antu na gaba don wannan aikin shine walda ɗinka ba tare da rasa daidaiton siffar ba saboda nakasar walda," in ji Silva.
Plasma waldi yana ba da ƙarfin da ake buƙata da taurin kai tare da ƙarancin haɗari ga takardar, Cerny ya ce.A 98% argon / 2% cakuda helium yana aiki mafi kyau wajen rage lalata da haɓaka haɓaka.
Welders suna amfani da dabarun waldawa na maɓalli ta hanyar amfani da hanyoyin wutar lantarki na Thermal Arc® da tarakta na musamman da taron tocilan da PSI ta haɓaka kuma suke amfani da su.