Bayanin Edita: Pharmaceutical Online yana farin cikin gabatar da wannan kasida mai kashi huɗu kan waldawar bututun halittu ta hanyar ƙwararriyar masana'antu Barbara Henon na Arc Machines.Wannan labarin an daidaita shi daga gabatarwar Dr. Henon a taron ASME a ƙarshen shekarar da ta gabata.
Hana asarar lalata juriya.High tsarki ruwa irin su DI ko WFI ne mai matukar m echant ga bakin karfe. Bugu da kari, Pharmaceutical sa WFI da aka cycled a high zafin jiki (80 ° C) don kula da sterility.There ne da dabara bambanci tsakanin ragewa da zafin jiki isa ya tallafa rayayyun kwayoyin cutarwa ga samar da ruwan kasa da fim Rogeu abun da ke ciki da kuma raising da yawan zafin jiki na samfurin. lalacewa ta hanyar lalata na bakin karfe tsarin bututu tsarin.Dirt da baƙin ƙarfe oxides na iya zama babban aka gyara, amma daban-daban nau'i na baƙin ƙarfe, chromium da nickel kuma iya zama ba.The gaban rouge ne m ga wasu kayayyakin da gaban na iya haifar da kara lalata, ko da yake kasancewarsa a wasu tsarin ya bayyana ya zama fairly benign.
Welding iya adversely rinjayar lalata resistance.Hot launi ne sakamakon oxidizing abu ajiya a kan welds da HAZs a lokacin waldi, shi ne musamman detrimental, kuma yana hade da samuwar rouge a Pharmaceutical ruwa systems.Chromium oxide samuwar na iya haifar da wani zafi tint, barin a baya wani chromium-depleted Layer da za a iya cire daga karfe Layer da za a iya suturta daga karfe. , ciki har da m chromium-depleted Layer, da kuma maido da lalata juriya ga matakan kusa da tushe karfe matakan.Duk da haka, pickling da nika ne detrimental ga surface finish.Passivation na piping tsarin da nitric acid ko chelating wakili formulations aka yi don shawo kan m effects na waldi da ƙirƙira kafin da piping tsarin da aka sa a cikin sabis, Auger da rarraba oxygen canje-canje a cikin sabis. el da manganese wanda ya faru a cikin yankin weld da zafi da ya shafa zuwa yanayin pre-weld. Duk da haka, wucewar kawai yana rinjayar Layer na waje kuma baya shiga ƙasa da 50 angstroms, yayin da launi na thermal zai iya mika 1000 angstroms ko fiye da ƙasa.
Saboda haka, domin shigar da lalata-resistant bututu tsarin kusa da unwelded substrates, yana da muhimmanci a yi yunƙurin iyakance walda da ƙirƙira-jawo lalacewa ga matakan da za a iya samu da yawa ta passivation.This na bukatar da yin amfani da wani tsarkakewa gas tare da kadan oxygen abun ciki da kuma bayarwa zuwa ciki diamita na welded hadin gwiwa ba tare da gurbata ta yanayi oxygen ko danshi da kuma kauce wa asara yanayi a lokacin da zafi da kuma kauce wa asara. lalata juriya.Controlling da masana'antu tsari don cimma repeatable kuma m high quality-welds, kazalika da hankali handling na bakin karfe bututu da aka gyara a lokacin masana'antu su hana kamuwa da cuta, su ne muhimman bukatun ga wani high quality-bututu tsarin da tsayayya lalata da kuma samar da dogon lokacin da m sabis.
Materials amfani da high-tsarki biopharmaceutical bakin karfe bututu tsarin sun sha wani juyin halitta zuwa ga inganta lalata juriya a cikin past shekaru goma.Most bakin karfe amfani kafin 1980 ya 304 bakin karfe domin shi ne in mun gwada da m da kuma wani inganta a kan jan karfe da aka yi amfani da baya. a da kuma bayan zafi jiyya.
Kwanan nan, da yin amfani da 316 bakin karfe a high-tsarki bututu aikace-aikace ya kasance a kan Yunƙurin.Nau'in 316 ne kama a cikin abun da ke ciki zuwa Type 304, amma ban da chromium da nickel alloying abubuwa na kowa zuwa duka biyu, 316 ya ƙunshi game da 2% molybdenum, wanda ya inganta 316′s lalata juriya, da kuma 3L 4 da ake magana a kai a matsayin "lalata juriya" 3L 6. suna da ƙananan abun ciki na carbon fiye da ma'auni (0.035% vs. 0.08%). Wannan raguwa a cikin abun ciki na carbon an yi nufin rage yawan hazo na carbide wanda zai iya faruwa saboda walda. Wannan shi ne samuwar chromium carbide, wanda ke lalata iyakokin hatsi na chromium tushe karfe, sa shi mai saukin kamuwa da lalata, da kuma lokacin da ake kira chromium carbide, lokacin da ake kira yanayin zafi, da kuma lokacin da ake kira chromium carbide. hand soldering.We have nuna cewa orbital waldi na super-austenitic bakin karfe AL-6XN samar da karin lalata resistant welds fiye da irin wannan welds yi da hannu.Wannan shi ne saboda orbital waldi na samar da daidai iko amperage, pulsation da kuma lokaci, sakamakon a ƙananan kuma mafi uniform zafi shigarwar fiye da manual waldi.Orbital 3 L0 kama waldi a hade tare da 3 L0 kama-da-wane waldi. pitation a matsayin factor a cikin ci gaban da lalata a cikin bututu tsarin.
Heat-to-zafi bambancin bakin karfe.Ko da yake waldi sigogi da sauran dalilai za a iya kiyaye a cikin fairly m tolerances, akwai har yanzu bambance-bambance a cikin zafi shigarwar da ake bukata don weld bakin karfe daga zafi zuwa heat.A zafi lambar ne kuri'a lambar sanya wa wani takamaiman bakin karfe narke a factory.The ainihin sinadaran abun da ke ciki na kowane tsari da aka rubuta a kan Factory Test Report da zafi batch 8 (MTR). (2800ºF), yayin da alluran ƙarfe narke a cikin kewayon yanayin zafi, dangane da nau'in da taro na kowane gami ko abubuwan ganowa.Tunda babu zafi guda biyu na bakin karfe da zai ƙunshi daidaitaccen taro na kowane kashi, halayen walda zasu bambanta daga tanderu zuwa tanderun.
SEM na 316L bututu orbital welds akan bututun AOD (saman) da kayan EBR (ƙasa) sun nuna babban bambanci a cikin santsi na ƙyallen walda.
Yayin da hanyar walda guda ɗaya na iya yin aiki ga mafi yawan zafi tare da irin wannan OD da kauri na bango, wasu zafi suna buƙatar ƙananan amperage kuma wasu suna buƙatar amperage mafi girma fiye da yadda aka saba.Saboda haka, dumama kayan aiki daban-daban a kan wurin aiki dole ne a kula da hankali don kauce wa matsalolin da za su iya faruwa.Sau da yawa, sabon zafi yana buƙatar kawai ƙaramin canji a cikin amperage don cimma tsarin walda mai gamsarwa.
Matsalar sulfur.Elemental sulfur shine ƙazantaccen ƙarfe da ke da alaƙa da ƙarfe wanda aka fi cirewa yayin aikin ƙarfe.AISI Type 304 da 316 bakin karfe an ƙayyade tare da matsakaicin abun ciki na sulfur na 0.030%. VIM + VAR), ya zama mai yiwuwa don samar da karafa waɗanda ke da mahimmanci a cikin hanyoyi masu zuwa. Abubuwan sinadaran su. An lura cewa kaddarorin weld pool suna canzawa lokacin da abun ciki na sulfur na karfe ya kasance ƙasa da kusan 0.008%.
A sosai low sulfur yawa (0.001% - 0.003%), shigar azzakari cikin farji daga cikin kududdufi ya zama mai fadi sosai idan aka kwatanta da irin wannan welds sanya a kan matsakaici sulfur abun ciki kayan.Welds sanya a kan low sulfur bakin karfe bututu za su yi fadi welds, yayin da a kan thicker bango bututu (0.065 inci, ko 1.66 mm a halin yanzu za a yi rewelding a halin yanzu ko mafi girma). isa don samar da cikakken shigar weld.Wannan ya sa kayan da sosai low sulfur abun ciki mafi wuya ga weld, musamman tare da thicker ganuwar.A mafi girma karshen sulfur maida hankali a cikin 304 ko 316 bakin karfe, da weld dutsen dutse o ƙarin tabbatar da zama kasa ruwa a cikin bayyanar da rougher fiye da matsakaici sulfur kayan.Saboda haka, ga weldability, zai zama kamar 0% sulfur abun ciki. An ƙayyade a cikin ASTM A270 S2 don ingantaccen bututun magunguna.
Masu samar da electropolished bakin karfe bututu sun lura cewa ko da matsakaici matakan sulfur a cikin 316 ko 316L bakin karfe sa shi da wuya a sadu da bukatun su semiconductor da biopharmaceutical abokan ciniki ga santsi, rami-free ciki surfaces.The amfani da Ana dubawa electron microscopy don tabbatar da smoothness na tube surface gama da aka ƙara nuna santsi na tube surface gama da aka ƙara na kowa a cikin sulffurt man. (MnS) “stringers” waɗanda ake cirewa yayin da ake yin amfani da wutar lantarki kuma suna barin fanko a cikin kewayon 0.25-1.0 micron.
Masana'antun da kuma masu kaya na electropolished shambura suna tuki kasuwa zuwa ga yin amfani da matsananci-low sulfur kayan saduwa da su surface gama bukatun.Duk da haka, matsalar ba ta iyakance ga electropolished shambura, kamar yadda a cikin wadanda ba electropolished shambura da inclusions an cire a lokacin passivation na piping system.Voids da aka nuna ya zama mafi yiwuwa ga pitting, akwai wasu dalilai na sulfur ga m.
Arc deflection. Baya ga inganta weldability na bakin karfe, gaban wasu sulfur kuma inganta machinability.A sakamakon haka, masana'antun da masana'antun ayan zabi kayan a mafi girma karshen da kayyade sulfur abun ciki range.Welding tubing da sosai low sulfur taro zuwa kayan aiki, bawuloli ko wasu tubing tare da mafi girma sulfur abun ciki na iya haifar da low sulfur abun ciki na iya haifar da wani low sulfur abun ciki. flection yana faruwa, shigar azzakari cikin farji ya zama mai zurfi a gefen ƙananan sulfur fiye da gefen babban sulfur, wanda shine akasin abin da ke faruwa a lokacin da ake yin amfani da bututu tare da ma'auni na sulfur. Karfe Division of Car-penter Technology Corporation of Pennsylvania ya gabatar da wani low sulfur (0.005% max) 316 mashaya stock (Nau'in 316L-SCQ) (VIM+VAR) ) domin kera kayan aiki da sauran aka gyara nufin za a welded zuwa low sulfur pipes. Welding biyu sosai low sulfur kayan ga juna ya fi sauƙi fiye da sulfur sulfur abu da juna.
A matsawa zuwa ga yin amfani da low-sulfur shambura ne sun fi mayar saboda da bukatar samun santsi electropolished ciki tube surfaces.Yayin da surface gama da electropolishing ne da muhimmanci ga duka biyu da semiconductor masana'antu da Biotech / Pharmaceutical masana'antu, SEMI, a lokacin da rubuta da semiconductor masana'antu bayani dalla-dalla, kayyade cewa 316L tubing ga aiwatar gas Lines dole ne a sami wani 4% 0 sulfur na'ura aiki a kan 0 sulfur. , modified su ASTM 270 ƙayyadaddun su hada da Pharmaceutical-sa tubing cewa iyakance sulfur abun ciki zuwa kewayon 0.005 zuwa 0.017% .Wannan ya kamata ya haifar da kasa waldi matsaloli idan aka kwatanta da ƙananan kewayon sulfurs. Duk da haka, shi ya kamata a lura cewa ko da a cikin wannan iyaka iyaka, baka deflection na iya faruwa a hankali - sulfur pipetting tube da kuma a hankali shigar da sulfur pipeers. na kayan da kuma duba kafin ƙirƙira Solder karfinsu tsakanin dumama.Samar da welds.
sauran abubuwan da aka gano. An gano abubuwan da suka haɗa da sulfur, oxygen, aluminum, silicon da manganese don rinjayar shiga ciki. Yawan adadin aluminum, silicon, calcium, titanium da chromium da ke cikin ƙarfe na tushe kamar yadda abubuwan da aka haɗa da oxide suna hade da haɓakar slag yayin waldi.
Abubuwan da ke tattare da abubuwa daban-daban suna tarawa, don haka kasancewar iskar oxygen na iya kashe wasu ƙananan tasirin sulfur.Maɗaukakin matakan aluminum na iya magance tasiri mai kyau a kan shigar da sulfur.Manganese volatilizes a waldi zafin jiki da adibas a cikin waldi zafi-shafi zone.Waɗannan manganese adibas suna hade da asarar da lalata juriya. ultra-low manganese 316L kayan don hana wannan asarar juriya na lalata.
Slag formation.Slag tsibiri A 0.010% abun Silicon a 0.5%. Weld Road na iya zama mai saukin kamuwa da lalata.
Single-gudu weld tare da pulsation.Standard atomatik orbital tube waldi ne guda izinin tafiya weld tare da pulsed halin yanzu da kuma ci gaba da m gudun rotation.This dabara dace da bututu tare da waje diameters daga 1/8 ″ zuwa kamar 7 ″ da bango kauri na 0.083 ″ da kasa. Bayan wani lokaci pre-purge, da aka cika a cikin bangon arcing ba tare da bata lokaci ba. juyawa yana faruwa.Bayan wannan jinkirin jujjuyawar, na'urar lantarki tana juyawa kusa da haɗin gwiwar walda har sai walda ya haɗa ko ya mamaye ɓangaren farko na walda a ƙarshen Layer na walda. Lokacin da haɗin ya cika, na'urar na yanzu tana kashewa a cikin digo na lokaci.
Yanayin mataki ("daidaita" waldi) .Don haɗakar walda na kayan kauri mai kauri, yawanci mafi girma fiye da 0.083 inch, ana iya amfani da tushen wutar lantarki ta hanyar walda a yanayin daidaitawa ko yanayin mataki. bugun jini sau, a kan tsari na 0.5 zuwa 1.5 seconds, idan aka kwatanta da goma ko ɗari na biyu bugun jini lokaci na al'ada waldi.This dabara iya yadda ya kamata weld 0.154 ″ ko 6 ″ lokacin farin ciki 40 ma'auni 40 bakin ciki bango bututu tare da 0.154 ″ ko 6 ″ na bakin ciki bango bututu da 0.154 ″ ko 6″ da yin amfani da fadi da kauri. manyan sassa kamar kayan aikin bututu zuwa bututu inda za'a iya samun bambance-bambance a cikin juriya mai girma, wasu rashin daidaituwa ko rashin daidaituwa na kayan abu.Wannan nau'in walda yana buƙatar kusan sau biyu na lokacin walda na al'ada kuma bai dace da aikace-aikacen ultra-high-purity (UHP) ba saboda fadi, rougher dinki.
Programmable variables.The halin yanzu ƙarni na waldi ikon kafofin ne microprocessor-tushen da kuma adana shirye-shirye da cewa saka lambobi dabi'u ga waldi sigogi ga wani takamaiman diamita (OD) da bango kauri daga cikin bututu da za a welded, ciki har da purge lokaci, waldi halin yanzu, tafiya gudun (RPM) ), yawan yadudduka da lokaci da Layer, bugun jini lokaci, for downhill lokaci da waya, da dai sauransu za mu ciyar da shirin da waya sigogi, da dai sauransu. scillation amplitude da zama lokaci, AVC (baka ƙarfin lantarki iko don samar da akai baka rata), da kuma upslope.Don yin Fusion waldi, shigar da waldi shugaban da dace electrode da bututu matsa abun da ake sakawa a kan bututu da kuma tuna waldi jadawalin ko shirin daga ikon tushen memory.The waldi jerin aka fara welding ta latsa wani button ko membrane panel ci gaba da latsa wani button ko membrane panel ba tare da latsa maballin.
Ba shirye-shirye masu canji.Don samun ci gaba mai kyau Weld ingancin, da waldi sigogi dole ne a hankali sarrafa.Wannan yana samuwa ta hanyar daidaito na waldi ikon tushen da waldi shirin, wanda shi ne wani sa na umarnin shigar a cikin ikon tushen, kunsha waldi sigogi, domin waldi wani takamaiman size of bututu ko pipe.There dole ne a sami wani tasiri sa na waldi tsarin da kuma spspection ma'auni na waldi, tabbatar da ingancin waldi ma'auni da kuma spspection tsarin. waldi ya sadu da ka'idojin da aka amince da su.Duk da haka, dole ne a sarrafa wasu dalilai da matakai ban da sigogi na walda a hankali.Wadannan abubuwan sun haɗa da yin amfani da kayan aiki mai kyau na shirye-shiryen ƙarshe, ayyuka masu kyau na tsaftacewa da kulawa, kyakkyawan juzu'i na tubing ko wasu sassa da ake welded, daidaitaccen nau'in tungsten da girman, mai tsabta mai tsabta inert gas, da kuma kula da hankali ga bambancin kayan aiki.
Abubuwan da ake buƙata na shirye-shiryen bututun ƙarshen walda sun fi mahimmanci ga walƙiya na orbital fiye da walƙiya na hannu.Welded gidajen abinci na orbital bututu waldi yawanci square butt gidajen abinci.Don cimma da repeatability da ake so a orbital waldi, daidai, m, machined karshen shirye-shiryen da ake bukata.T Tun lokacin waldi halin yanzu dogara a kan bango kauri, da iyakar dole ne square ba tare da wani burrs ko ID na bango zai zama daban-daban sakamakon.
A bututu iyakar dole ne shige tare a cikin weld shugaban don haka da cewa babu wani m rata tsakanin iyakar square butt hadin gwiwa.Ko da yake welded gidajen abinci tare da kananan gibba za a iya cika, weld quality iya zama adversely affect.The girma da rata, da mafi kusantar akwai matsala.Poor taro na iya haifar da wani cikakken gazawar da soldering.Pipe saws da aka yi a cikin wani cikakken gazawar da soldering.Pipe saws da aka yi ta hanyar aiki da bututun karshen da aka yi ta hanyar bututun da aka yi ta hanyar George Fis a ƙarshen ƙarshen aikin. s kamar waɗanda suka yi da Protem, Wachs, da sauransu, sau da yawa amfani da su yi santsi karshen orbital welds dace da machining .Chop saws, hacksaws, band saws da tubing cutters ba su dace da wannan dalili.
Bugu da ƙari ga sigogin walda waɗanda ke shigar da wutar lantarki zuwa walda, akwai wasu masu canji waɗanda zasu iya yin tasiri mai zurfi akan walda, amma ba su cikin ainihin hanyar waldawa.Wannan ya haɗa da nau'in da girman tungsten, nau'in da tsabtar iskar gas da ake amfani da shi don garkuwa da baka da kuma tsabtace cikin haɗin haɗin weld, ƙimar iskar gas da ake amfani da shi don tsarkakewa, nau'in haɗin kai, da sauran bayanan da ake iya amfani da su don daidaitawa, nau'in kai da sauran bayanan da ake iya amfani da su. "masu canji da kuma yin rikodin su akan jadawalin walda. Misali, ana ɗaukar nau'in iskar gas mai mahimmanci a cikin ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun tsarin walda (WPS) don hanyoyin waldawa don bin ka'idodin ASME Sashe na IX Boiler da Tsarin Jirgin Ruwa. Canje-canje a cikin nau'in gas ko nau'in cakuda gas, ko kawar da tsabtace ID yana buƙatar sabunta tsarin walda.
waldi gas.Bakin karfe ne resistant zuwa yanayi oxygen hadawan abu da iskar shaka a dakin da zafin jiki.Lokacin da aka mai tsanani zuwa ta narkewa batu (1530 ° C ko 2800 ° F ga tsantsar baƙin ƙarfe) shi ne sauƙi oxidized.Inert argon ne mafi yawan amfani da matsayin garkuwa gas da kuma tsarkake ciki welded gidajen abinci ta hanyar orbital GTAW da oxygen da za a iya tsarkakewa da danshi adadin gas da kuma tsarkakewa da iskar gas. yana faruwa a kan ko kusa da walda bayan walda. Idan tsabtace gas ɗin ba shine mafi inganci ba ko kuma idan tsarin tsaftacewa bai cika kyauta ba kamar yadda karamin adadin iska ya shiga cikin tsarin tsaftacewa, oxidation na iya zama haske mai laushi ko bluish. Hakika, babu tsaftacewa ba zai haifar da ɓarke ​​​​baƙar fata wanda aka fi sani da "sweetened" , Welding 9% argon. a kan mai ba da kaya, kuma ya ƙunshi 5-7 ppm na oxygen da sauran ƙazanta, ciki har da H2O, O2, CO2, hydrocarbons, da dai sauransu, don jimlar 40 ppm mafi girma. High-tsarki argon a cikin silinda ko argon ruwa a cikin Dewar zai iya zama 99.999% ko 10 ppm mai tsabta mai tsabta ko 10 ppm mai tsabta mai tsabta, tare da iyakar ppm. a yi amfani da shi yayin tsarkakewa don rage matakan gurɓatawa zuwa sassan kowane biliyan (ppb).
Mix abun da ke ciki.Gas gaurayawan kamar 75% helium / 25% argon da 95% argon / 5% hydrogen za a iya amfani da matsayin garkuwa gases na musamman aikace-aikace.The biyu gaurayawan samar zafi welds fiye da waɗanda aka yi a karkashin wannan shirin saituna kamar yadda argon.Helium gaurayawan ne musamman dace da matsakaicin shigar azzakari cikin farji ta hanyar Fusion waldi a kan carbon steel.A semiconductor garkuwa waldi a kan carbon karfe. .Hydrogen gaurayawan suna da dama abũbuwan amfãni, amma kuma wasu m disadvantages.A amfani shi ne cewa shi samar da wani ruwa kududdufi da kuma smoother weld surface, wanda shi ne manufa domin aiwatar da matsananci-high matsa lamba gas isar da tsarin da kamar yadda santsi a ciki kamar yadda ya yiwu.The gaban hydrogen samar da wani rage yanayi, don haka idan burbushi na oxygen ne ba a cikin gas cakuda, da tsabta da sakamakon da za mu duba a kasa da oxygen da sakamako a cikin gas cakuda. 5% abun ciki na hydrogen.Wasu suna amfani da cakuda argon/hydrogen 95/5% azaman tsaftataccen ID don haɓaka kamannin ƙyallen walda na ciki.
A weld dutsen ado ta yin amfani da wani hydrogen cakuda kamar yadda garkuwa gas ne kunkuntar, sai dai bakin karfe yana da wani sosai low sulfur abun ciki da kuma haifar da mafi zafi a cikin weld fiye da guda halin yanzu saitin tare da unmixed argon.A gagarumin hasara na argon / hydrogen gaurayawan shi ne cewa baka ne nisa kasa barga fiye da tsarki argon, kuma akwai wani hali ga arc, mai tsanani isa ga drift tushen ga drift. yana nuna cewa ana iya haifar da shi ta hanyar gurɓatawa ko haɗuwa mara kyau.Saboda zafin da ke haifar da arc ya bambanta tare da maida hankali na hydrogen, ƙaddamarwa akai-akai yana da mahimmanci don cimma burin sake maimaitawa, kuma akwai bambance-bambance a cikin gas ɗin da aka rigaya ya rigaya. mai wuya kuma tungsten na iya buƙatar maye gurbin bayan walda ɗaya ko biyu. Ba za a iya amfani da gaurayawar Argon/hydrogen don walda karfen carbon ko titanium ba.
A rarrabe alama na TIG tsari shi ne cewa shi ba ya cinye electrodes.Tungsten yana da mafi girma narkewa batu na kowane karfe (6098 ° F; 3370 ° C) kuma shi ne mai kyau electron emitter, yin shi musamman dace don amfani a matsayin wanda ba consumable electrode.Its Properties an inganta ta ƙara 2% na wasu rare duniya oxides irin su ceria, oxide oxide oxide oxide da kuma inganta yanayin oxide. sten ba kasafai ake amfani da shi a GTAW saboda mafi kyawun kaddarorin cerium tungsten, musamman don aikace-aikacen GTAW na orbital.Thorium tungsten ana amfani da shi ƙasa da na baya saboda suna da ɗan radiyo.
Electrodes da goge gama sun fi uniform a size.A santsi surface ne ko da yaushe fin so zuwa m ko m surface, kamar yadda daidaito a electrode geometry yana da muhimmanci ga m, uniform waldi sakamakon.Electrons emitted daga tip (DCEN) canja wurin zafi daga tungsten tip zuwa weld.A finer tip damar da halin yanzu yawa, amma zai iya haifar da high yawa rai. da muhimmanci to mechanically niƙa da electrode tip don tabbatar da repeatability na tungsten geometry da weld repeatability.The m tip sojojin da baka daga weld zuwa guda tabo a kan tungsten.The tip diamita iko da siffar da baka da adadin shigar azzakari cikin farji a wani halin yanzu.The taper kwana rinjayar halin yanzu / ƙarfin lantarki halaye na arc da kuma dole ne a kayyade tsawon lokaci na tung na tungsten da kuma dole ne a kayyade da tsawo na tung. arc gap.Rajin baka don takamaiman ƙimar halin yanzu yana ƙayyade ƙarfin lantarki kuma ta haka ne ƙarfin da ake amfani da shi akan weld.
Ana zaɓar girman electrode da diamita na tip bisa ga ƙarfin walƙiya na halin yanzu. Idan halin yanzu yana da tsayi da yawa don electrode ko tip ɗinsa, zai iya rasa ƙarfe daga tip, kuma yin amfani da electrodes tare da diamita na tip wanda yayi girma don halin yanzu yana iya haifar da drift. da za a yi amfani da 0.040 ″ diamita electrodes for waldi kananan daidaici Components.For repeatability na waldi tsari, tungsten irin da kuma gama, tsawon, taper kwana, diamita, tip diamita da baka rata dole ne duk a kayyade da kuma sarrafa.For tube waldi aikace-aikace, cerium tungsten ne ko da yaushe shawarar saboda wannan irin yana da fiye da tsawon sabis rayuwa fiye da sauran iri da kuma ba da kyaututtuka na tungsten arc.
Don ƙarin bayani, tuntuɓi Barbara Henon, Manajan wallafe-wallafen Fasaha, Arc Machines, Inc., 10280 Glenoaks Blvd., Pacoima, CA 91331. Wayar: 818-896-9556.Fax: 818-890-3724.