Tambaya: Kwanan nan mun fara yin wasu ayyukan da ke buƙatar wasu abubuwan da za a yi da farko na nau'i na bakin karfe 304, wanda aka yi wa kansa da kuma zuwa karfe mai laushi. Mun fuskanci wasu batutuwa masu fashewa a kan bakin karfe zuwa bakin karfe welds har zuwa 1.25 ″ lokacin farin ciki. An ambaci cewa muna da ƙananan ƙididdiga na ferrite. Za ku iya bayyana menene wannan kuma yadda za a gyara shi?
A: Wannan tambaya ce mai kyau. Ee, za mu iya taimaka muku fahimtar abin da ƙananan ferrite ke nufi da yadda ake hana shi.
Da farko, bari mu sake nazarin ma'anar bakin karfe (SS) da kuma yadda ferrite ke da alaƙa da haɗin gwiwar welded.Black karfe da alloys sun ƙunshi fiye da 50% baƙin ƙarfe.Wannan ya haɗa da duk carbon da bakin karfe da sauran ƙungiyoyin da aka ƙayyade.Aluminum, jan karfe da titanium ba su ƙunshi baƙin ƙarfe ba, don haka suna da kyakkyawan misalan abubuwan da ba su da ƙarfe.
Babban abubuwan da ke cikin wannan gami sune carbon karfe tare da aƙalla 90% baƙin ƙarfe da SS tare da 70 zuwa 80% baƙin ƙarfe. Don a lasafta shi azaman SS, dole ne a sami aƙalla 11.5% chromium.
SS yawanci ya kasu kashi uku: austenite, ferrite da martensite.Their name ya fito ne daga dakin-zazzabi crystal tsarin da ya sa su up.Wani na kowa rukuni ne duplex SS, wanda shi ne ma'auni tsakanin ferrite da austenite a cikin crystal tsarin.
Austenitic maki, da 300 jerin, dauke da 16% zuwa 30% chromium da 8% zuwa 40% nickel, forming a predominantly austenitic crystal tsarin.To inganta samuwar austenite-ferrite rabo, stabilizers irin su nickel, carbon, manganese da kuma manganese da aka kara a lokacin da steelmaking 34O343 353 334 353 353 334 353 355 355 353 34 355 355. mai kyau lalata juriya;da farko ana amfani da su a cikin abinci, sabis na sinadarai, magunguna da aikace-aikacen cryogenic.Karfin samuwar ferrite yana ba da ingantaccen ƙarancin zafin jiki.
Ferritic SS ne a 400 jerin sa cewa shi ne cikakken Magnetic, ya ƙunshi 11.5% zuwa 30% chromium, kuma yana da ferritic predominant crystal tsarin.To inganta samuwar ferrite, stabilizers hada da chromium, silicon, molybdenum, da niobium a lokacin karfe production.These iri SS ana amfani da fiye da aikace-aikace da ikon shuke-shuke da automotive iri. 409, 430 da 446.
Martensitic maki, wanda aka gano ta jerin 400 irin su 403, 410 da 440, sune Magnetic, sun ƙunshi 11.5% zuwa 18% chromium, kuma suna da martensite a matsayin tsarin crystal. Wannan haɗin yana da mafi ƙarancin zinariya abun ciki, wanda ya sa su zama mafi ƙarancin tsada don samarwa. Suna samar da wasu juriya na lalata;kyakkyawan ƙarfi;kuma ana amfani da su a cikin kayan tebur, kayan aikin haƙori da na tiyata, kayan dafa abinci, da wasu nau'ikan kayan aikin.
Lokacin da kake walda SS, nau'in substrate da aikace-aikacen sa na cikin sabis za su ƙayyade ƙarfe mai cike da ya dace don amfani.Idan kuna amfani da tsarin garkuwar gas, kuna iya buƙatar kulawa ta musamman ga garkuwar gaurayawan iskar gas don hana wasu matsaloli masu alaƙa da walda.
Don siyar da 304 zuwa kanta, kuna buƙatar na'urar lantarki ta E308 / 308L. "L" yana nufin ƙananan carbon, wanda ke taimakawa hana lalata intergranular. Waɗannan wayoyin suna da abun ciki na carbon a ƙasa 0.03%;wani abu sama da wannan yana ƙara haɗarin carbon precipitating zuwa hatsi iyakoki da hadawa tare da chromium don samar da chromium carbides, yadda ya kamata rage lalata juriya na steel.This ya zama bayyananne idan lalata faruwa a cikin zafi shafi yankin (HAZ) na SS welded gidajen abinci.Wani la'akari ga L sa SS shi ne cewa suna da ƙananan tensiles ƙarfi a girma da sabis zafin jiki maki.
Tun da 304 ne wani austenitic irin SS, daidai weld karfe zai ƙunshi mafi yawan austenite.Duk da haka, da lantarki da kanta za ta ƙunshi wani ferrite stabilizer, kamar molybdenum, don inganta samuwar ferrite a cikin weld metal.Manufacturers yawanci jera a hankula kewayon ferrite yawa ga weld karfe, shi ne mai karfi da aka ambata a baya karfe dalilai, shi ne stabilizer da aka ambata a baya. daga karawa zuwa karfen weld.
Lambobin Ferrite sun samo asali ne daga zane na Schaeffler da zane na WRC-1992, waɗanda ke amfani da tsarin nickel da chromium daidai da ƙididdiga don ƙididdige darajar, wanda lokacin da aka tsara a kan zane yana samar da adadi mai mahimmanci. Lambar ferrite tsakanin 0 da 7 ya dace da ƙarar kashi na ferrite crystal tsarin da ke cikin weld karfe;duk da haka, a mafi girma kashi, lambar ferrite yana ƙaruwa a cikin sauri sauri. Ka tuna cewa ferrite a cikin SS ba daidai ba ne da carbon karfe ferrite, amma wani lokaci da ake kira delta ferrite.Austenitic SS ba shi da canje-canjen lokaci da ke hade da matakan zafi mai zafi kamar maganin zafi.
Samar da ferrite yana da kyawawa saboda ya fi ductile fiye da austenite, amma dole ne a sarrafa shi. Ƙananan ƙididdiga na ferrite na iya samar da welds tare da kyakkyawan juriya na lalata a wasu aikace-aikace, amma suna da matukar damuwa ga zafi mai zafi a lokacin waldi. Domin yanayin amfani na yau da kullum, ƙididdigar ferrite ya kamata ya kasance tsakanin 5 da 10, amma ga wasu aikace-aikace na iya zama mai sauƙin ƙima ta amfani da ƙimar ƙima.
Tun da ka ambata cewa kana da fatattaka al'amurran da suka shafi da kuma low ferrite count, kana bukatar ka yi a kusa look at your filler karfe da kuma tabbatar da shi samar da isasshen ferrite count - a kusa da 8 ya kamata taimaka. Har ila yau, idan kana amfani da flux cored arc waldi (FCAW), wadannan filler karafa yawanci amfani da 100% carbon garkuwar gas ko wani 75% CO carbon dioxide da za a iya canza karfe argon / 25. wani tsari na walda na ƙarfe na gas (GMAW) kuma yi amfani da cakuda 98% argon / 2% oxygen don rage yiwuwar ɗaukar carbon.
Don weld SS zuwa carbon karfe dole ne ka yi amfani da E309L filler material.Wannan filler karfe ne musamman amfani da waldi dissimilar karafa da samar da wani adadin ferrite bayan carbon karfe da aka diluted a cikin weld.Tun da carbon karfe zai sha wani carbon, ferrite stabilizers suna kara zuwa filler karfe don magance halin carbon don samar da wani austening aikace-aikace.
A taƙaice, idan kana so ka kawar da zafi mai zafi a kan austenitic SS welded gidajen abinci, tabbatar da isasshen ferrite filler karfe kuma bi kyawawan al'adun walda.Kiyaye shigarwar zafi a ƙasa da 50 kJ / inch, kula da matsakaicin matsakaici zuwa ƙananan yanayin zafi, kuma tabbatar da cewa kayan aikin solder ba su da wani gurbatawa kafin a sayar da su.
WELDER, wanda a da yake Aiki na Welding A Yau, yana nuna ainihin mutanen da suke yin samfuran da muke amfani da su kuma suke aiki da su kowace rana.Wannan mujallar ta yi hidima ga al'ummar walda a Arewacin Amirka sama da shekaru 20.
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