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Shan Sui-Chongqing Railway gangara a matsayin binciken abu, ƙasa resistivity, ƙasa electrochemistry (lalata yuwuwar, redox m, m gradient da pH), ƙasa anions (total soluble salts, Cl-, SO42- da) da ƙasa Gina Jiki. zuwa ga mutum Manuniya da kuma m Manuniya na wucin gadi ƙasa.Idan aka kwatanta da sauran dalilai, ruwa yana da mafi girma tasiri a kan lalatar gangara kariya net, bi da anion content.The jimlar mai narkewa gishiri yana da matsakaici tasiri a kan lalata na gangara kariya net, da kuma ɓacẽwa halin yanzu yana da wani matsakaici tasiri a kan lalata na ƙasa gangara kariya matakin da aka kimanta na sama lalata kariyar net. gangara ya kasance matsakaici, kuma lalatar da ke kan tsaka-tsaki da ƙananan gangara yana da ƙarfi. Halin kwayoyin halitta a cikin ƙasa yana da alaƙa da mahimmanci tare da yuwuwar gradient. Akwai nitrogen, samuwa potassium da phosphorus samuwa suna da alaƙa da anions. Rarraba kayan abinci na ƙasa yana da alaka da kai tsaye zuwa nau'in gangare.
Lokacin gina layin dogo, manyan tituna da wuraren kiyaye ruwa, galibi ba za a iya kaucewa bude tsaunuka ba, saboda tsaunukan kudu maso yammacin kasar Sin, aikin gina layin dogo na kasar Sin yana bukatar hako tsaunin da yawa, yana lalata kasa da ciyayi na asali, yana haifar da tudu masu duwatsu da ba a bayyana ba. girgizar kasa nchuan.Zabtarewar kasa ta zama bala'in girgizar kasa da aka yadu sosai1.A shekara ta 2008 da aka yi nazari kan manyan titunan gangar jikinsu na lardin Sichuan mai nisan kilomita 4,243, an samu bala'o'in girgizar kasa 1,736 a gadajen tituna da ganuwar tudu, wanda ya kai kashi 39.76 cikin dari na tsawon lokacin da aka gudanar. karshe na akalla shekaru 10 (Girgizar kasa ta Taiwan) har ma idan dai tsawon shekaru 40-50 (Girgizar Kanto a Japan) 4,5.Gradient shine babban abin da ke shafar girgizar kasa hazard6,7.Saboda haka, wajibi ne a kula da gangaren hanya da kuma karfafa kwanciyar hankali. Tsire-tsire suna taka rawar da ba za a iya maye gurbinsu ba a cikin kariyar gangara 8. suna da tarin abubuwan gina jiki irin su kwayoyin halitta, nitrogen, phosphorus, da potassium, kuma ba su da yanayin ƙasa da ake bukata don ci gaban ciyayi.Saboda dalilai irin su babban gangara da yashwar ruwan sama, ƙasa mai gangara yana da sauƙi a rasa. Yanayin gangaren yana da zafi, ya rasa yanayin da ake bukata don ci gaban shuka, kuma ƙasa mai gangara rasa goyon bayan kwanciyar hankali na ƙasa. Kasar. Ƙasar wucin gadi da ake amfani da ita don fesa ta ƙunshi dutse da aka niƙa, ƙasar noma, bambaro, takin ƙasa, wakili mai riƙe ruwa da kuma m (adhesives da aka saba amfani da su sun haɗa da siminti na Portland, manne Organic da emulsifier na kwalta) a wani ƙayyadadden tsari.Tsarin fasaha shi ne: da farko ya shimfiɗa waya a kan dutsen, sannan a gyara wariyar ƙasa tare da ƙwanƙwasa na musamman tare da feshi na wucin gadi. Ƙarfe mai siffar lu'u-lu'u mai siffar 14 # wanda ke da cikakken galvanized yawanci ana amfani da shi, tare da ma'auni na 5cm × 5cm da diamita na 2mm. The karfe raga yana ba da damar matrix na ƙasa don samar da wani katako mai ɗorewa a kan dutse. Karfe da ke haifar da zaizayar kasa da kawar da hadurran zaftarewar kasa.
An yi imanin cewa tushen tsire-tsire yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen daidaita gangara da kuma sarrafa zaizawar ƙasa10,11,12,13,14.Don daidaita gangaren gangara daga zabtarewar ƙasa, ana iya amfani da ciyayi saboda tushen tsiron na iya gyara ƙasa don hana zabtarewar ƙasa15,16,17.Cire ciyayi, musamman bishiyoyi, yana taimakawa wajen hana tsirran tsire-tsire marasa tushe. cewa aiki a matsayin ƙarfafa tara a cikin ƙasa.The ci gaban tushen gine-gine alamu ne kore ta kwayoyin halitta, da kasar gona yanayi taka wani yanke shawara rawa a cikin wadannan matakai.Lalata zuwa karafa bambanta da ƙasa muhalli20.The mataki na lalata da karafa a cikin ƙasa iya Range daga fairly m rushe to negligible impact21.Artificial ƙasa ne daban-daban daga waje interactions da na halitta yanayi ne daban-daban daga waje yanayi ne daban-daban daga ainihin yanayin. isms sama da dubun miliyoyin shekaru22,23,24.Kafin ciyayi na itace ya samar da tsarin tushen tsarin da kuma yanayin muhalli, ko ragamar karfe da aka haɗa tare da gangaren dutsen da ƙasa ta wucin gadi na iya aiki cikin aminci yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da haɓakar tattalin arzikin halitta, amincin rayuwa da haɓaka yanayin muhalli.
Duk da haka, lalata da karafa na iya haifar da babbar hasara.A cewar wani binciken da aka gudanar a kasar Sin a farkon 1980s kan sinadaran inji da sauran masana'antu, asarar da karfe lalata lissafinsu da 4% na jimlar fitarwa darajar.Saboda haka, yana da muhimmanci sosai don nazarin lalata inji da kuma daukar matakan kariya ga tattalin arziki ginawa, ƙasa da kuma microorganisms da tsarin. kayan doki, da magudanar ruwa suma na iya haifar da lalata.Saboda haka, yana da muhimmanci a hana lalata karafa da aka binne a cikin kasa. A halin yanzu, bincike kan lalata karfen da aka binne ya fi mayar da hankali ne kan (1) abubuwan da suka shafi lalata karfen da aka binne25;(2) Hanyoyin kariya na karfe26,27;(3) hanyoyin hukunci don matakin lalata ƙarfe28;Lalata a kafofin watsa labarai daban-daban.Duk da haka, duk ƙasan da aka gudanar a cikin binciken na halitta ne kuma sun sami isassun hanyoyin samar da ƙasa.Duk da haka, babu wani rahoto kan zaizayar ƙasa ta wucin gadi na gangaren dutsen dogo.
Idan aka kwatanta da sauran m kafofin watsa labarai, wucin gadi ƙasa yana da halaye na illiquidity, heterogeneity, seasonality da Regionality.Metal lalata a wucin gadi kasa ne lalacewa ta hanyar electrochemical interactions tsakanin karafa da wucin gadi grounds.In Bugu da kari ga innate dalilai, da kudi na karfe lalata kuma ya dogara a kan kewaye muhalli.A iri-iri na dalilai shafi karfe lalata akayi daban-daban ko a hade, oxygen abun ciki, danshi abun ciki, da abun ciki na karfe, p. microbes30,31,32.
A cikin shekaru 30 na aikin, tambayar yadda za a adana ƙasa na wucin gadi a kan gangaren dutse ya kasance matsala33. Bushes ko bishiyoyi ba za su iya girma a kan wasu gangara ba bayan shekaru 10 na kulawa da hannu saboda yashwar ƙasa. An wanke datti a saman ragamar ƙarfe a wasu wurare.Sakamakon lalata, wasu ragamar ƙarfe sun fashe kuma sun ɓace a kan ƙasa mai zurfi da ƙasa. ly mayar da hankali a kan lalata na Railway substation grounding Grid, ɓata halin yanzu lalata generated da haske dogo, da kuma lalata na Railway gadoji34,35, waƙoƙi da sauran abin hawa equipment36.There sun kasance babu rahotanni na lalata na Railway gangara kariya karfe mesh.This takarda karatu da jiki, ƙasa sinadaran da electrochemical Properties na wucin gadi Properties na wucin gadi, Suwestern sinadaran da electrochemical Properties na wucin gadi Properties na wucin gadi na Railway. tantance kaddarorin ƙasa da kuma samar da tushe na ka'ida kuma mai amfani don maido da yanayin yanayin ƙasa da maidowa na wucin gadi.Slope wucin gadi.
Wurin gwajin yana cikin yankin tuddai na Sichuan (30°32′N, 105°32′E) kusa da tashar jirgin ƙasa ta Suining. Yankin yana tsakiyar tsakiyar tekun Sichuan, tare da ƙananan tsaunuka da tuddai, tare da tsarin ƙasa mai sauƙi da ƙasa mai faɗi. Zazzagewar ƙasa, yankan da tarawar ruwa yana haifar da ƙazamin ruwa mai ɗorewa. dstone.Mutuncin matalauta ne, kuma dutsen ƙaƙƙarfan tsari ne. Yankin binciken yana da yanayin yanayi mai sanyi na yanayi mai zafi tare da halayen yanayi na farkon bazara, lokacin rani mai zafi, gajeriyar kaka da ƙarshen hunturu. Ruwan sama yana da yawa, hasken haske da albarkatun zafi suna da yawa, lokacin sanyi ba ya daɗe (285 days a kan talakawan), yanayin yana da laushi, matsakaicin zafi na shekara-shekara shine 17 ° C. 2 ° C, kuma matsakaicin matsakaicin zafin jiki shine 39.3 ° C. Watan mafi sanyi shine Janairu (matsakaicin zafin jiki shine 6.5 ° C), mafi ƙarancin zafin jiki shine -3.8 ° C, kuma matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara shine 920 mm, galibi yana mai da hankali a cikin Yuli da Agusta. Ruwan sama a bazara, rani, kaka da hunturu ya bambanta sosai.Adadin ruwan sama a kowace kakar shekara shine 19-21%, 51-54%, 22-24% da 4-5% bi da bi.
Wurin binciken wani gangare mai nisan kusan 45° akan gangaren Yu-Sui Railway da aka gina a shekarar 2003. A watan Afrilun 2012, ya fuskanci kudu tsakanin kilomita 1 na tashar jirgin kasa ta Suining.A na halitta gangara da aka yi amfani da matsayin control.The muhalli maido da gangara rungumi dabi'ar kasashen waje topdressing ƙasa spraying fasaha ga muhalli restoration.A cewar tsawo daga cikin Railway gefen gangara, da gangara za a iya raba upslope, tsakiyar gangara da downslope (Fig. 2) .Tun lokacin da kauri daga cikin yanke a cikin oda na wucin gadi pollusion kasar gona cm 10. raga, mu kawai amfani da bakin karfe felu ya dauki ƙasa surface 0-8cm.Hudu replicates aka saita ga kowane gangara matsayi, tare da 15-20 bazuwar samfurin maki per replicate.Kowane kwafi ne cakuda 15-20 bazuwar ƙaddara daga S-dimbin yawa line samfurin maki.Its sabo ne nauyi ne game da 500 kasa na'urar da samfurin da baya aiki ba. ly busasshen iska, sai a debo tsakuwa da dabbobi da sauran tsiro, a niƙa su da itacen agate, a yi wa niƙa da raga 20, mai raɗaɗi 100 na nailan sai dai ƙaƙƙarfan barbashi.
An auna juriyar ƙasa ta VICTOR4106 gwajin juriya na ƙasa wanda Kamfanin Shengli Instrument Company ya samar;an auna juriya na ƙasa a cikin filin;An auna danshi na ƙasa ta hanyar bushewa.DMP-2 mai ɗaukar hoto na dijital mv / pH kayan aiki yana nuna babban shigarwar impedance don aunawa yuwuwar lalata ƙasa.Potential gradient da redox m an ƙaddara ta DMP-2 šaukuwa dijital mv / pH, jimlar mai narkewa gishiri a cikin ƙasa da aka ƙaddara ta saura bushewa Hanyar, chloride ion abun ciki a cikin ƙasa an ƙaddara ta hanyar Ag. Hanyar titration, hanya mai nuna alama sau biyu don ƙayyade ƙasa carbonate da bicarbonate, hanyar dumama potassium dichromate oxidation hanyar dumama don ƙayyade kwayoyin halitta na ƙasa, hanyar watsawa na alkaline don ƙayyade ƙasa alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, H2SO4-HClO4 narkewar Mo-Sb colorimetric Hanyar Total phosphorus a cikin ƙasa da samuwa phosphorus abun ciki a cikin ƙasa aka ƙaddara ta hanyar Olsen Hanyar (0.05 mo3) da kuma jimlar bayani potassium a cikin ƙasa an ƙaddara ta hanyar hanyar Olsen (0.05 molfusion sodium a cikin ƙasa). ko photometry.
An tsara bayanan gwajin da farko. An yi amfani da SPSS Statistics 20 don yin ma'ana, daidaitaccen karkatacciyar hanya, ANOVA ta hanya ɗaya, da kuma nazarin alaƙar ɗan adam.
Teburin 1 yana gabatar da kaddarorin electromechanical, anions da abubuwan gina jiki na ƙasa tare da gangara daban-daban. Ƙwararrun lalata, juriya na ƙasa da yuwuwar haɓakar gabas-yamma na gangara daban-daban duk sun kasance masu mahimmanci (P <0.05) .Cikin redox na ƙasa, tsakiyar gangara da gangaren dabi'a sun kasance masu mahimmanci (P <0.05) . gangara> gangara> gangaren tsakiya.The ƙasa pH darajar ya kasance a cikin tsari na downslope> sama>tsakiyar gangara>natural gangara.Total mai narkewa gishiri, na halitta gangara ya muhimmanci mafi girma fiye da Railway gangara (P <0.05) The jimlar mai narkewa gishiri abun ciki na uku-sa Railway gangara gangaren ƙasa a kan ƙasa mai girma gishiri da kuma 500 mg na karfe yana da ƙasa mai soluble. Abubuwan da ke cikin kwayoyin halitta sune mafi girma a cikin gangaren yanayi kuma mafi ƙasƙanci a cikin gangaren ƙasa (P <0.05) .Duk abin da ke cikin nitrogen ya kasance mafi girma a tsakiyar gangara kuma mafi ƙasƙanci a cikin tudu;abun ciki na nitrogen da aka samu shine mafi girma a cikin gangaren ƙasa da tsakiyar gangara, kuma mafi ƙasƙanci a cikin gangaren yanayi;Jimlar abun ciki na nitrogen na titin jirgin ƙasa sama da gangaren ƙasa ya yi ƙasa kaɗan, amma abubuwan da ake samu na nitrogen ya fi girma.Wannan yana nuna cewa adadin ma'adinan nitrogen da ke sama da ƙasa yana da sauri.
Ƙasa resistivity ne wani index nuna lantarki watsin da kuma wani asali siga ga yin hukunci ƙasa lalata.Facts shafi ƙasa resistivity hada da danshi abun ciki, total soluble gishiri abun ciki, pH, ƙasa texture, zazzabi, Organic kwayoyin halitta abun ciki, ƙasa zafin jiki, da tightness.Generally magana, kasa tare da low resistivity ne mafi m, kuma mataimakin versa.Amfani da resistivity don yin hukunci ƙasa corrosivity ne fiye da amfani da kasa corrosivity a kasashe daban-daban. kowane guda index37,38.
Dangane da sakamakon gwajin da ma'auni a cikin ƙasata (Table 1), idan an kimanta lalata ƙasa ta hanyar juriya na ƙasa kawai, ƙasar da ke kan gangaren tudu tana da lalacewa sosai;Ƙasar da ke kan gangaren ƙasa tana da matsakaicin lalata;Lalacewar ƙasa a kan gangara ta tsakiya da gangaren yanayi ba ta da rauni sosai.
Rashin juriya na ƙasa na gangaren tudu yana da ƙasa da ƙasa fiye da na sauran sassa na gangaren, wanda zai iya haifar da yashwar ruwan sama. The topsoil on upslope gudãna zuwa tsakiyar gangara tare da ruwa, sabõda haka, upslope karfe gangara kariya net yana kusa da topsoil.Wasu daga cikin karfe meshes aka fallasa har ma da dakatar a cikin iska (Figure 1).tazarar tazarar ya kai mita 3;Tari zurfin tuki ya kasa 15cm.Bare karfe raga da peeling tsatsa iya tsoma baki tare da auna results.Saboda haka, shi ne unreliable don kimanta ƙasa lalata kawai ta ƙasa resistivity index.In da m kimantawa na lalata, da ƙasa resistivity na upslope ba a la'akari.
Saboda tsananin zafi da ake samu a yankin Sichuan na tsawon shekaru, iskar danshi a yankin Sichuan na sa ragon karfen da aka fallasa iska ya lalace sosai fiye da ragon da aka binne a cikin kasa. A lokaci guda, shuka girma zai iya inganta ingancin ƙasa da kuma ƙara abun ciki na humus a cikin ƙasa, wanda ba zai iya riƙe ruwa kawai ba, amma kuma samar da yanayi mai kyau don girma da haifuwa na dabbobi da shuke-shuke, don haka rage asarar ƙasa.Saboda haka, a farkon mataki na ginawa, ya kamata a shuka tsaba da yawa a kan saman sama, kuma mai kula da ruwa ya kamata a ci gaba da ƙarawa kuma an rufe shi da fim don rage yawan ruwa.
Matsakaicin lalata abu ne mai mahimmanci wanda ke shafar lalatawar layin kariya na gangara a kan gangaren matakai uku, kuma yana da tasiri mafi girma a kan tudu mai tsayi (Table 2) . A karkashin yanayi na al'ada, yiwuwar lalata ba ya canzawa da yawa a cikin yanayin da aka ba da shi. Ana iya haifar da canje-canje mai ban mamaki ta hanyar ɓataccen ruwa. Rage igiyoyin ruwa suna nuni ga magudanar ruwa, motocin da ke amfani da 40 da 40. A ci gaban tsarin sufuri, tsarin sufurin jiragen kasa na kasarmu ya sami nasarar samar da wutar lantarki mai yawa, kuma lalatawar karafa da aka binne sakamakon yabo daga layin dogo na lantarki ba za a iya watsi da su ba.lokacin da m gradient yana cikin kewayon 0.5 mv / m zuwa 5.0 mv / m, ɓataccen halin yanzu yana da matsakaici;lokacin da m gradient ya fi girma fiye da 5.0 mv / m , matakin halin yanzu yana da girma. Ƙimar da ke kan ruwa na m gradient (EW) na tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsaki, sama da gangaren ƙasa an nuna shi a cikin Hoto 3. Dangane da kewayon iyo, akwai ƙananan raƙuman ruwa a cikin gabas-maso-yamma da arewa-kudu, mahimmanci na tsakiya na tsakiya na tsakiya na tsakiya. ragamar ƙarfe a tsakiyar gangara da gangaren ƙasa, musamman a tsakiyar gangara.
Gabaɗaya, ƙasa redox m (Eh) sama 400 mV nuna oxidizing ikon, a sama 0-200 mV ne matsakaici rage ikon, kuma a kasa 0 mV ne manyan rage ikon.The ƙananan ƙasa redox m, da mafi girma da lalata ikon ƙasa microorganisms zuwa metals44.It zai yiwu a hango ko hasashen da Trend na ƙasa microbial lalata da binciken da aka girma uku redox. 500 mv, kuma matakin lalata ya kasance ƙananan ƙananan.Ya nuna cewa yanayin iska na ƙasa na ƙasa mai gangara yana da kyau, wanda ba shi da kyau ga lalata kwayoyin anaerobic a cikin ƙasa.
Nazarin da suka gabata sun gano cewa tasirin pH na ƙasa akan yashwar ƙasa yana bayyane.Da haɓakar ƙimar pH, ƙimar lalatawar kayan ƙarfe yana da tasiri sosai.Soil pH yana da alaƙa da yanki da microorganisms a cikin ƙasa45,46,47.Generally magana, tasirin pH na ƙasa akan lalata kayan ƙarfe a cikin ƙasan alkaline kaɗan, ƙasan alkaline ba a bayyane yake ba. a kan lalatar ragar karfe yana da rauni.
Kamar yadda za'a iya gani daga Table 3, nazarin haɗin gwiwar ya nuna cewa yiwuwar redox da matsayi na gangara suna da alaƙa da mahimmanci (R2 = 0.858), haɓakar lalata da kuma m gradient (SN) suna da alaƙa mai mahimmanci (R2 = 0.755), da kuma yiwuwar redox da m gradient (SN) suna da alaƙa da mahimmanci (R2 = 0.858).An sami babban ma'amala mara kyau tsakanin yuwuwar da pH (R2 = -0.724) . Matsayin gangaren yana da alaƙa da alaƙa da alaƙa da yuwuwar redox. Wannan yana nuna cewa akwai bambance-bambance a cikin microenvironment na wurare daban-daban na gangara, kuma ƙananan ƙwayoyin ƙasa suna da alaƙa da alaƙa da redox potential48, 49, 50. Wannan redox mai yuwuwa yana da alaƙa da pH5 mai mahimmanci tare da ƙimar pH5. bai ko da yaushe canza synchronously a lokacin da ƙasa redox tsari, amma yana da korau mikakke dangantaka.Metal lalata m iya wakiltar dangi ikon samun da kuma rasa electrons.Ko da yake da lalata yuwuwar da aka muhimmanci tabbatacce dangantaka da m gradient (SN), m gradient iya lalacewa ta hanyar da sauki asarar electrons da karfe.
Ƙasa total soluble gishiri abun ciki ne a hankali alaka da ƙasa corrosivity.Generally magana, da mafi girma da ƙasa salinity, da ƙananan ƙasa resistivity, don haka kara da ƙasa resistance.In ƙasa electrolytes, ba kawai da anions da sãɓãwar launukansa jeri, amma kuma da lalata tasiri ne yafi carbonates, chlorides da sulfates.In Bugu da kari, jimlar soluble gishiri abun ciki na kasar gona kai tsaye tasiri tasiri a cikin ƙasa electrolytes a cikin sauran dalilai. da kasa oxygen solubility53.
Mafi yawa daga cikin mai narkewa gishiri-dissociated ions a cikin ƙasa ba kai tsaye shiga a electrochemical halayen, amma rinjayar karfe lalata ta hanyar ƙasa resistivity.The mafi girma da ƙasa salinity, da karfi da ƙasa conductivity da kuma karfi da ƙasa erosion.The ƙasa salinity abun ciki na halitta gangara ne muhimmanci mafi girma fiye da na Railway gangara, wanda zai iya zama saboda gaskiyar cewa shi ne mai arziki a cikin ruwa conservation. Babu wani dalili da zai iya zama cewa gangaren dabi'a ta sami samuwar ƙasa balagagge (kayan ƙasa iyaye da aka kafa ta hanyar yanayin yanayi), amma ƙasan gangaren layin dogo ta ƙunshi gutsutsutsun dutse da aka murƙushe a matsayin matrix na “ƙasar wucin gadi”, kuma ba ta sami isasshiyar samar da ƙasa ba.Ba a saki ma'adanai ba. Bugu da ƙari, ions gishiri a cikin ƙasa mai zurfi na gangaren yanayi ya tashi ta hanyar aikin capillary a lokacin da ake fitar da ruwa da kuma tarawa a cikin ƙasa mai zurfi, wanda ya haifar da karuwa a cikin abun ciki na ions gishiri a cikin ƙasa mai zurfi.
ions masu kyau (irin su K +, Na +, Ca2 +, Mg2 +, Al3 +, da dai sauransu) ba su da tasiri a kan lalata ƙasa, yayin da anions suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tsarin lalata na electrochemical kuma suna da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan lalata ƙarfe.mafi girma da abun ciki na Cl-, da karfi da ƙasa lalata.SO42- ba kawai yana inganta lalata na karfe ba, amma kuma yana haifar da lalata a wasu kayan siminti54.Haka kuma yana lalata ƙarfe. Rosion nauyi asarar carbon karfe a alkaline kasa ne kusan gwargwado da Bugu da kari na chloride da sulfate ions56,57.Lee et al.gano cewa SO42- na iya hana lalata, amma inganta haɓakar ramukan lalata da suka riga sun kafa58.
Bisa ga ma'auni na kimanta lalacewar ƙasa da sakamakon gwajin, abun ciki na chloride ion a cikin kowane samfurin ƙasa mai gangara ya kasance sama da 100 MG / kg, yana nuna rashin ƙarfi na ƙasa. 0mg / kg, kuma lalata ƙasa yana da rauni. Lokacin da matsakaicin ƙasa ya ƙunshi babban taro, zai shiga cikin amsawa kuma ya samar da sikelin lalata a saman na'urar lantarki ta ƙarfe, ta haka ne ya rage jinkirin haɓakar lalata. Yayin da ƙaddamarwa ya karu, ma'auni na iya karya ba zato ba tsammani, don haka yana haɓaka yawan lalata;yayin da maida hankali ya ci gaba da karuwa, ma'aunin lalata ya rufe saman na'urar lantarki na karfe, kuma yawan lalata ya sake nuna yanayin jinkiri59. Binciken ya gano cewa adadin da ke cikin ƙasa ya kasance ƙasa kuma don haka ba shi da wani tasiri a kan lalata.
Dangane da Tebu 4, alaƙar da ke tsakanin gangara da anions na ƙasa ya nuna cewa akwai kyakkyawar alaƙa mai kyau tsakanin gangara da ions chloride (R2=0.836), da kyakkyawar alaƙa mai kyau tsakanin gangara da jimlar gishiri mai narkewa (R2=0.742).
Wannan yana nuna cewa zubar da ruwa da kuma yashwar ƙasa na iya zama alhakin canje-canje a cikin jimlar gishiri mai narkewa a cikin ƙasa.There was a significant m correlation tsakanin total soluble salts da chloride ions, wanda zai iya zama saboda total soluble salts ne pool na chloride ions, da abun ciki na jimlar mai narkewa salts kayyade abun ciki na chloride ions a cikin ƙasa bambance-bambancen, Therefoth iya sanin medicament na baƙin ƙarfe mafita. .
Kwayoyin halitta, jimlar nitrogen, da ake samu na nitrogen, akwai phosphorus da potassium da ake samu su ne ainihin abubuwan gina jiki na ƙasa, wanda ke shafar ingancin ƙasa da kuma shayar da sinadarai ta hanyar tushen tsarin. Kayan abinci na ƙasa muhimmin abu ne da ke shafar ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin ƙasa, don haka yana da kyau a yi nazarin ko akwai dangantaka tsakanin kayan abinci na ƙasa da lalata karfe. An kammala Suiyu Railway a cikin 2003 shekaru, wanda ke nufin cewa ƙasa ta wucin gadi ta sami wani abu na wucin gadi. , wajibi ne a sami kyakkyawar fahimtar abubuwan gina jiki a cikin ƙasa na wucin gadi.
A binciken ya nuna cewa kwayoyin halitta abun ciki shi ne mafi girma a cikin halitta gangaren ƙasa bayan dukan ƙasa samuwar tsari.The low-slope ƙasa Organic kwayoyin halitta abun ciki shi ne mafi ƙasƙanci.Due da tasiri na weathering da surface runoff, ƙasa na gina jiki zai tara a kan tsakiyar gangara da ƙasa-slope, forming wani lokacin farin ciki Layer na humus.Duk da haka, saboda da kananan barbashi da kuma matalauta kwanciyar hankali na low-kwayoyin halitta da microorganisms samu a cikin sauki da kuma low-slope ƙasa binciken da microorganisms da low-slopecom. -Slope ciyayi ɗaukar hoto da bambancin sun kasance mai girma, amma kamanni ya yi ƙasa, wanda zai iya haifar da m rarraba na surface na gina jiki.A lokacin farin ciki Layer na humus rike ruwa da ƙasa kwayoyin suna aiki.Duk wannan accelerates bazuwar kwayoyin halitta a cikin ƙasa.
A alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen abun ciki na sama- gangara, tsakiyar- gangara da ƙasa- gangara Railways ya fi na na halitta gangara, nuna cewa Organic nitrogen mineralization kudi na Railway gangara ya muhimmanci mafi girma fiye da cewa na na halitta gangara.The karami da barbashi, da mafi m da ƙasa tsarin, da sauki shi ne a cikin kwayoyin halitta da kuma microorganisms a cikin tafki da Organic da microorganisms. nitrogen60,61.Ya dace da sakamakon binciken na 62, abubuwan da ke cikin ƙananan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin ƙasa na gangaren dogo ya kasance da muhimmanci fiye da na gangaren yanayi.Saboda haka, dole ne a dauki matakan da suka dace don ƙara yawan abun ciki na taki, kwayoyin halitta da nitrogen a cikin ƙasa na gangaren dogo, da kuma inganta ƙasa mai dorewa ta hanyar amfani da sinadarin phosphorus da 7% da aka samu ta hanyar amfani da potassium da aka samu ta hanyar amfani da potassium. zuwa 99.79% na jimillar asarar gangaren layin dogo. Ruwan sama na iya zama babban abin da ke haifar da asarar abinci mai gina jiki a cikin ƙasa mai gangara63,64,65.
Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Table 4, akwai kyakkyawar dangantaka mai kyau tsakanin gangara matsayi da kuma samuwa phosphorus (R2 = 0.948), da kuma dangantaka tsakanin gangara matsayi da samuwa potassium ya kasance iri daya (R2 = 0.898) .Ya nuna cewa gangara matsayi yana rinjayar abun ciki na samuwa phosphorus da samuwa potassium a cikin ƙasa.
Gradient wani muhimmin al'amari ne da ke damun ƙasa kwayoyin halitta abun ciki da nitrogen enrichment66, da kuma karami da gradient, da girma da arziki rate.Ga ƙasa na gina jiki wadatar, da gina jiki asarar da aka raunana, da kuma sakamakon gangara matsayi a kan ƙasa Organic kwayoyin abun ciki da kuma jimlar nitrogen wadata ba a fili.Bambanta iri da lambobi na shuke-shuke a kan daban-daban gangara da shuke-shuke da phosphorus samuwa a cikin tushen tushen potassium daban-daban. Don haka, akwai kyakkyawar alaƙa tsakanin gangara matsayi da samuwan phosphorus, da matsayi na gangara da samuwan potassium.
Don bayyana dangantakar dake tsakanin abubuwan gina jiki na ƙasa da lalata ƙasa, ya zama dole don nazarin daidaituwa.Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Table 5, redox m ya kasance da alaka da mummunar tasiri tare da nitrogen mai samuwa (R2 = -0.845) kuma yana da kyau sosai tare da samuwa phosphorus (R2 = 0.842) da samuwa potassium (R2 = 0.980) da kuma samuwa potassium (R2 = 0.980) da kuma samuwa potassium (R2 = 0.980). sa'an nan kuma yana rinjayar jerin kaddarorin ƙasa.Saboda haka, yana da mahimmancin mahimmanci wajen ƙayyade jagorancin canji na gina jiki na ƙasa67.Halayen redox daban-daban na iya haifar da jihohi daban-daban da kuma samuwa na abubuwan abinci.
Bugu da kari ga karfe Properties, lalata yuwuwar kuma yana da alaka da ƙasa Properties. Lalata yuwuwar da aka muhimmanci barnatar da dangantaka da kwayoyin halitta, nuna cewa kwayoyin halitta yana da gagarumin tasiri a kan lalata potential.In Bugu da kari, kwayoyin kwayoyin halitta da aka muhimmanci barnatar da dangantaka da m gradient (SN) (R2 = -0.713) da kuma sulfate ion (R2=-0.671) da sulfate ion (R2=-0.671) da kuma sulfate ion. ya kasance mahimmin alaƙa mara kyau tsakanin pH ƙasa da samuwan potassium (R2 = -0.728).
Rasu nitrogen da aka muhimmanci barnatar da dangantaka da jimlar soluble salts da chloride ions, da samuwa phosphorus da samuwa potassium aka muhimmanci gaskiya dangantaka tare da total soluble salts da chloride ions.Wannan ya nuna cewa samuwa na gina jiki abun ciki muhimmanci rinjayar da adadin jimlar mai narkewa salts da chloride ions a cikin ƙasa, da kuma anions a cikin ƙasa ba su conducive zuwa ga tara nitrogen da muhimmanci da kuma samar da ma'adanai. ly correlated tare da bicarbonate, yana nuna cewa jimlar nitrogen yana da tasiri akan abun ciki na sulfate da bicarbonate. Tsire-tsire ba su da ƙarancin buƙatun sulfate ions da ions bicarbonate, don haka yawancin su suna da 'yanci a cikin ƙasa ko kuma suna shayar da su ta hanyar colloids na ƙasa. .
Ƙasa wani tsari ne mai rikitarwa da kaddarorin.Lalacewar ƙasa shine sakamakon aikin haɗin gwiwa na abubuwa da yawa.Saboda haka, ana amfani da cikakkiyar hanyar kimantawa gabaɗaya don kimanta lalata ƙasa. Tare da la'akari da "Code for Geotechnical Engineering Investigation" (GB50021-94) da kuma hanyoyin gwaji na China Soil Corrosion Test Network, da ƙasa lalata sa za a iya comprehensively kimanta bisa ga wadannan ka'idoji: (1) The kimantawa da rauni ne kawai lalata ko lalata yanayin. sion;(2) idan babu ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, ana kimanta shi azaman lalata mai matsakaici;(3) idan akwai wuri ɗaya ko biyu na lalata mai ƙarfi, ana kimanta shi azaman lalata mai ƙarfi;(4) idan akwai wurare 3 ko fiye na lalata mai ƙarfi, ana ƙididdige shi azaman lalata mai ƙarfi don lalata mai tsanani.
Dangane da juriya na ƙasa, yuwuwar redox, abun ciki na ruwa, abun ciki na gishiri, ƙimar pH, da abun ciki na Cl- da SO42, abubuwan lalata na samfuran ƙasa a gangara daban-daban an kimanta su gabaɗaya. Sakamakon bincike ya nuna cewa ƙasa a kan duk gangara suna da lalacewa sosai.
Lalacewar yuwuwar abu ne mai mahimmanci wanda ke shafar lalatawar net ɗin kariya ta gangara. Ƙarfafawar lalatawar gangaren gangaren guda uku duk ƙasa da -200 mv, wanda ke da tasiri mafi girma akan lalatar ragar ƙarfe na sama. gangara. Jimlar gishiri mai narkewa a cikin ƙasa na sama, tsakiya da ƙananan gangara duk sun kasance sama da 500 MG / kg, kuma tasirin lalata akan gidan yanar gizon kariyar gangara ya kasance matsakaici. Abun cikin ruwa na ƙasa yana da mahimmancin abin da ke shafar lalata meshes na ƙarfe a tsakiyar gangara da gangaren ƙasa, kuma yana da tasiri mai girma akan kariyar ƙasa a cikin mafi yawan lalatawar ƙasa. akwai ayyukan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta da yawa da saurin girma shuka.
Binciken ya nuna cewa yuwuwar lalata, m gradient, jimlar gishiri mai narkewa da abun ciki na ruwa sune manyan abubuwan da ke shafar lalata ƙasa a kan gangara guda uku, kuma ana ƙididdige lalacewar ƙasa a matsayin ƙarfi. girma, kuma a karshe daidaita gangara.
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