Daga sarƙoƙin tuƙi na robotic zuwa bel na isar da saƙo a cikin ayyukan sarkar samar da iskar iskar hasumiya, tsinkayen matsayi aiki ne mai mahimmanci a cikin aikace-aikacen da yawa.Yana iya ɗaukar nau'i da yawa, gami da layi, jujjuyawar, angular, cikakke, haɓakawa, lamba da na'urori masu auna firikwensin ba.An haɓaka na'urori masu auna firikwensin musamman waɗanda za su iya ƙayyade matsayi a cikin fasaha mai ƙarfi na yanzu, ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfi na zamani. capacitive, magnetostrictive, Hall sakamako, fiber na gani, na gani da kuma ultrasonic.
Wannan FAQ yana ba da taƙaitaccen gabatarwa ga nau'o'i daban-daban na fahimtar matsayi, sa'an nan kuma sake duba nau'ikan fasahar da masu zanen kaya za su iya zaɓar daga lokacin aiwatar da mafita na fahimtar matsayi.
Matsakaicin matsayi na ma'auni sune na'urori masu tsayayyar juriya waɗanda ke haɗuwa da madaidaiciyar hanya mai tsayayya tare da mai gogewa da aka haɗe zuwa abin da matsayinsa ya kamata a gane shi.Motsin abu yana motsa mai gogewa tare da waƙa. Matsayin abu yana aunawa ta hanyar amfani da hanyar sadarwa mai rarraba wutar lantarki da aka kafa ta hanyar rails da wipers don auna linzamin linzamin kwamfuta ko juyawa motsi tare da tsayayyen wutar lantarki na DC (Figure 1).
Na'urori masu aunawa na matsayi suna amfani da canje-canje a cikin kaddarorin magnetic filin da aka jawo a cikin firikwensin firikwensin.Ya danganta da tsarin gine-ginen su, za su iya auna madaidaicin matsayi ko matsayi na juyawa.Linear Variable Differential Transformer (LVDT) Matsayi na firikwensin yana amfani da coils uku da aka nannade a kusa da bututu mai zurfi; Nada na farko da coils biyu na biyu. Ana haɗa coils a jere, kuma dangantakar lokaci na coil na biyu shine 180 ° daga lokaci game da na'urar farko. Ana sanya core na ferromagnetic da ake kira armature a cikin bututu kuma an haɗa shi da abu a wurin da ake aunawa. Ana amfani da ƙarfin kuzarin motsa jiki zuwa na'urar farko kuma ƙarfin lantarki na biyu (EMF) yana haifar da ƙarfin lantarki tsakanin na biyu. Matsayin dangi na armature da abin da aka haɗa da shi za'a iya ƙayyade shi.Tsarin wutar lantarki mai bambanta wutar lantarki (RVDT) yana amfani da wannan fasaha don biye da matsayi na juyawa.
Eddy halin yanzu matsayi na'urori masu auna sigina aiki tare da conductive abubuwa.Eddy currents suna haifar da igiyoyin da ke faruwa a cikin kayan aiki a gaban filin magnetic mai canzawa. Wadannan igiyoyin suna gudana a cikin rufaffiyar madauki kuma suna haifar da filin magnetic na biyu. hulɗar filin na biyu da aka samar ta hanyar igiyoyin ruwa, wanda ke rinjayar impedance na coil. Yayin da abu ya kusa kusa da na'ura, hasara na eddy na yanzu yana karuwa kuma ƙarfin motsi ya zama karami (Figure 2). Ana gyara wutar lantarki mai motsi kuma ana sarrafa shi ta hanyar layi na layi don samar da fitowar DC madaidaiciya daidai da nisa na abu.
Na'urorin Eddy na yanzu suna da karko, na'urorin da ba sa tuntuɓar juna galibi ana amfani da su azaman firikwensin kusanci. Su na gabaɗaya ne kuma suna iya tantance tazarar dangi zuwa abu, amma ba shugabanci ko cikakkiyar nisa zuwa abu ba.
Kamar yadda sunan ya nuna, masu firikwensin matsayi na capacitive suna auna canje-canje a cikin capacitance don sanin matsayi na abin da ake ganewa.Waɗannan na'urori masu auna firikwensin ba za a iya amfani da su ba don auna ma'auni ko matsayi na juyawa.Sun ƙunshi faranti biyu da aka raba ta hanyar dielectric abu kuma suna amfani da ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyi guda biyu don gano matsayi na abu:
Domin ya haifar da canji a cikin dielectric akai-akai, abin da za a gano matsayinsa an haɗa shi da kayan aiki na dielectric. Yayin da kayan aikin motsa jiki ke motsawa, ingantaccen dielectric akai-akai na capacitor yana canzawa saboda haɗuwa da yanki na dielectric abu da dielectric akai-akai na iska. A madadin, za'a iya haɗawa da ɗaya daga cikin na'ura, capacitor ko faranti mai nisa. Ana amfani da canji a cikin capacitance don ƙayyade matsayi na dangi.
Na'urori masu auna firikwensin na iya auna matsawa, nesa, matsayi da kauri na abubuwa.Sakamakon babban kwanciyar hankali da ƙudurin siginar su, ana amfani da na'urori masu auna firikwensin motsi a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje da yanayin masana'antu. Misali, ana amfani da na'urori masu auna firikwensin don auna kauri na fim da aikace-aikacen m a cikin matakai na atomatik.A cikin injunan masana'antu, ana amfani da su don saka idanu kan ƙaura da matsayi na kayan aiki.
Magnetostriction wani abu ne na kayan ferromagnetic wanda ke haifar da abu don canza girmansa ko siffarsa lokacin da aka yi amfani da filin maganadisu.A cikin firikwensin matsayi na magnetostrictive, magnetostrictive matsayi yana haɗe da abin da ake aunawa.Ya ƙunshi wani waveguide wanda ya ƙunshi wayoyi waɗanda ke ɗauke da bugun jini na yanzu, wanda aka haɗa da firikwensin da yake a ƙarshen waveguide (Figure 3). a cikin waya wanda ke hulɗa tare da filin magnetic axial na magnet na dindindin (magnetic a cikin silinda piston, Hoto 3a) .Ma'anar hulɗar filin yana haifar da karkatarwa (tasirin Wiedemann), wanda ke damun waya, yana samar da bugun jini wanda ke yadawa tare da waveguide kuma an gano shi ta hanyar firikwensin a ƙarshen waveguide (Fig. bugun jini da kuma gano bugun jini na acoustic, matsayi na dangi na magnet matsayi kuma saboda haka ana iya auna abu (Fig. 3c).
Magnetostrictive matsayi na'urori masu auna sigina ne wadanda ba lamba na'urori masu auna sigina amfani da su gane matsayi matsayi.Waveguides sau da yawa a cikin bakin karfe ko aluminum tubes, kunna wadannan firikwensin don amfani a cikin datti ko rigar yanayi.
Lokacin da siriri, lebur madugu aka sanya a cikin wani Magnetic filin, duk wani halin yanzu gudana oyan gina up a gefe daya na madugu, haifar da wani m bambanci da ake kira Hall voltages. Idan halin yanzu a cikin madugu ne akai, da girman da Hall ƙarfin lantarki zai nuna ƙarfin da Magnetic filin.A cikin Hall-sakamakon matsayi firikwensin, da abu yana da alaka da wani gida a cikin firikwensin shaft, sakamakon wani dangi canza yanayin da Magnetic shaft. canza Hall voltage.Ta hanyar auna ƙarfin wutar lantarki na Hall, za'a iya ƙayyade matsayi na wani abu.Akwai na'urori na musamman na Hall-tasirin matsayi wanda zai iya ƙayyade matsayi a cikin nau'i uku (Figure 4).
Akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan firikwensin fiber optic guda biyu.A cikin na'urori masu auna firikwensin fiber na gani, ana amfani da fiber azaman abin ji. Fiber optic firikwensin yana da kariya daga tsangwama na lantarki, ana iya tsara shi don yin aiki a yanayin zafi mai yawa, kuma ba sa aiki, saboda haka ana iya amfani da su kusa da babban matsa lamba ko kayan wuta.
Hakanan za'a iya amfani da fasahar fiber-optic ta fiber Bragg grating (FBG) don auna matsayi.FBG yana aiki azaman matattarar ƙima, yana nuna ƙaramin juzu'i na hasken da ke kan Bragg wavelength (λB) lokacin da haske ya haskaka ta hanyar haske mai faɗi. ƙaura, hanzari da kaya.
Akwai nau'i biyu na firikwensin matsayi na gani, wanda kuma aka sani da encoders na gani.A cikin wani yanayi, ana aika haske zuwa mai karɓa a ɗayan ƙarshen firikwensin.A cikin nau'i na biyu, siginar hasken da aka fitar yana nunawa ta hanyar abin da aka lura da shi kuma ya koma zuwa ga hasken haske.Ya danganta da ƙirar firikwensin, canje-canje a cikin kayan haske, irin su raƙuman ruwa, ƙarfin, lokaci ko matsayi na tushen firikwensin, ana amfani da su don ƙayyade matsayi na firikwensin. akwai don motsi na layi da jujjuya.Wadannan na'urori masu auna firikwensin sun fada cikin manyan nau'ikan uku; encoders na gani masu watsawa, masu saɓowar gani na gani, da incoders na gani na interferometric.
Ultrasonic matsayi na'urori masu auna firikwensin amfani da piezoelectric crystal transducers don emit high-mita ultrasonic taguwar ruwa.The firikwensin matakan da nuna sauti.Ultrasonic na'urori masu auna firikwensin za a iya amfani da a matsayin sauki kusanci na'urori masu auna sigina, ko mafi hadaddun kayayyaki iya samar da jere information.Ultrasonic matsayi na'urori masu auna sigina aiki tare da manufa abubuwa na wani iri-iri na kayan da surface fasali, da kuma iya gane kananan abubuwa a mafi girma iri fiye da na firikwensin matsayi. na yanayi amo, infrared radiation da electromagnetic tsangwama.Misalan aikace-aikace ta yin amfani da ultrasonic matsayi na'urori masu auna sigina sun hada da ruwa matakin ganewa, high-gudun kirga abubuwa, robotic kewayawa tsarin, da kuma mota sensing.A hankula automotive ultrasonic firikwensin kunshi wani filastik gidaje, a piezoelectric transducer tare da wani ƙarin membrane, da kuma buga da'ira jirgin tare da lantarki da'irori da kuma microcontroller Fig.
Na'urorin firikwensin matsayi na iya auna cikakkiyar madaidaicin madaidaiciya ko dangi, juyawa da motsi na kusurwa na abubuwa.Na'urori masu auna firikwensin matsayi na iya auna motsi na na'urori irin su masu kunnawa ko masu motsi.An kuma yi amfani da su a cikin dandamali na wayar hannu kamar robots da motoci.Ana amfani da fasaha iri-iri a cikin na'urori masu auna sigina tare da haɗuwa daban-daban na kare muhalli, farashi, daidaito, maimaitawa, da sauran halaye.
3D Magnetic Matsayi Sensors, Allegro MicrosystemsBincike da Inganta Tsaro na Ultrasonic Sensors for Autonomous Vehicles, IEEE Internet of Things Journal Yadda za a zabi matsayi firikwensin, Cambridge Integrated CircuitsPosition firikwensin iri, Ixthus InstrumentationMene ne inductive matsayi firikwensin?, Mahimmanci Position AM, Mahimmanci Matsala?
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