Ma'adinan yana kara zurfi a kowace shekara - 30 m, bisa ga rahotannin masana'antu.
Yayin da zurfin ya karu, haka ake buƙatar samun iska da sanyaya, kuma Howden ya san wannan daga ƙwarewar aiki tare da mafi zurfin ma'adinai a Afirka ta Kudu.
An kafa Howden a cikin 1854 ta James Howden a Scotland a matsayin kamfanin injiniya na ruwa kuma ya shiga Afirka ta Kudu a cikin 1950s don biyan bukatun ma'adinai da masana'antu.A cikin shekarun 1960, kamfanin ya taimaka wajen samar da ma'adinan zinare mai zurfi na kasar tare da dukkan na'urori masu sanyaya iska da sanyaya da ake bukata don hakar ma'adinan tama a karkashin kasa cikin aminci da inganci.
"Da farko, mahakar na amfani da iska ne kawai a matsayin hanyar sanyaya, amma yayin da zurfin ma'adinan ya karu, ana buƙatar sanyaya injin don rama girman nauyin zafi a cikin ma'adinan," Teunes Wasserman, shugaban sashen Cooling da Compressors na Howden, ya shaida wa IM.
Yawancin ma'adinan zinare masu zurfi a Afirka ta Kudu sun sanya Freon™ centrifugal masu sanyaya sama da ƙasa don samar da sanyaya mai mahimmanci ga ma'aikata da kayan aiki na ƙarƙashin ƙasa.
Duk da ci gaban da aka samu a halin da ake ciki, tsarin narkar da zafi na na'urar da ke karkashin kasa ya nuna matsala, yayin da karfin sanyaya na'urar ya iyakance ta yanayin zafi da yawan iskar da ake samu, in ji Wasserman.A lokaci guda kuma, ingancin ruwa na ma'adanan ya haifar da mummunan lalata na harsashi-da-tube masu musayar zafi da aka yi amfani da su a cikin waɗannan na'urorin sanyi na farko.
Don magance wannan matsala, ma'adinan sun fara fitar da iska mai sanyi daga sama zuwa kasa.Duk da yake wannan yana ƙara ƙarfin sanyaya, abubuwan da ake buƙata suna ɗaukar sarari a cikin silo kuma tsarin yana da ƙarfi da ƙarfi.
Don magance waɗannan batutuwa, ma'adinai suna son ƙara yawan iska mai sanyi da ake kawowa ƙasa ta raka'a ruwan sanyi.
Wannan ya sa Howden ya gabatar da na'urorin sanyaya amino dunƙule a cikin ma'adanai a Afirka ta Kudu, na farko a cikin tandem bayan na'urorin sanyaya na tsakiya.Wannan ya haifar da canjin mataki na adadin na'ura mai sanyaya da za a iya ba wa waɗannan ma'adinan zinare masu zurfi na ƙasa, wanda ya haifar da raguwa a matsakaicin zafin ruwan saman daga 6-8 ° C zuwa 1 ° C.Ma'adinan na iya amfani da kayan aikin bututun na ma'adinan guda ɗaya, waɗanda yawancinsu an riga an girka su, yayin da suke ƙara yawan adadin sanyaya da ake bayarwa zuwa mafi zurfi.
Kimanin shekaru 20 bayan gabatar da WRV 510, Howden, babban dan wasan kasuwa a fagen, ya ƙera WRV 510, babban katafaren dunƙule kwamfara tare da rotor 510 mm.Yana daya daga cikin manyan na'urorin damfara a kasuwa a lokacin kuma ya yi daidai da girman ma'aunin sanyi da ake bukata don sanyaya waɗancan ma'adanai na Afirka ta Kudu mai zurfi.
Wasserman ya ce "Wannan mai sauya wasa ne saboda ma'adinai na iya shigar da chiller 10-12 MW guda ɗaya maimakon tarin chillers," in ji Wasserman."A cikin lokaci guda, ammoniya a matsayin koren refrigerant ya dace sosai don haɗuwa da kwamfutoci da masu musayar zafi."
An tsara la'akari da Ammoniya a cikin ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙa'idodin aminci ga ammonia don masana'antar hakar ma'adinai, tare da Howden yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tsarin ƙira.An sabunta su kuma an shigar da su cikin dokar Afirka ta Kudu.
Wannan nasarar ta tabbata ne ta hanyar sanya sama da megawatt 350 na injin ammonia da masana'antar hakar ma'adinai ta Afirka ta Kudu ta yi, wadda ake ganin ita ce mafi girma a duniya.
Amma fasahar Howden a Afirka ta Kudu bai tsaya nan ba: a shekara ta 1985 kamfanin ya kara na'urar sarrafa kankara zuwa nau'in sanyaya na ma'adanan.
Yayin da ake haɓaka zaɓuɓɓukan sanyaya sama da ƙasa ko kuma ana ganin suna da tsada sosai, ma'adanai suna buƙatar sabon bayani mai sanyaya don ƙara faɗaɗa ma'adinai zuwa matakai masu zurfi.
Howden ya shigar da masana'antar yin ƙanƙara ta farko (misali a ƙasa) a cikin 1985 a EPM (East Rand Proprietary Mine) gabashin Johannesburg, wanda ke da ƙarfin sanyi na ƙarshe na kusan MW 40 da ƙarfin kankara na 4320 t/h.
Tushen aikin shi ne samar da kankara a saman da kuma jigilar shi ta cikin ma'adinan zuwa wani dam na kankara, inda a nan ne ake zagayawa da ruwan dam din kankara a wuraren sanyaya karkashin kasa ko kuma a yi amfani da shi a matsayin ruwan sarrafa rijiyoyi.Kankara da ta narke sai a mayar da ita sama.
Babban fa'idar wannan tsarin mai yin ƙanƙara shine rage farashin famfo, wanda ke rage farashin aiki da ke alaƙa da tsarin ruwan sanyi da kusan 75-80%.Ya zo ne zuwa ga ainihin "makamashi mai sanyaya da aka adana a cikin canjin lokaci na ruwa," in ji Wasserman, yana bayanin cewa 1kg/s na kankara yana da ƙarfin sanyaya iri ɗaya kamar 4.5-5kg/s na ruwan daskarewa.
Saboda "mafi kyawun matsayi", ana iya kiyaye dam ɗin ƙarƙashin ƙasa a 2-5 ° C don inganta aikin thermal na tashar sanyaya iska ta ƙasa, sake haɓaka ƙarfin sanyaya.
Wani fa'ida ta musamman da ta dace da cibiyar samar da wutar lantarki a kasar Afirka ta Kudu, kasar da ta yi fice wajen samar da wutar lantarki, ita ce yadda tsarin ke amfani da shi a matsayin hanyar adana zafi, inda ake samar da kankara da kuma taruwa a madatsun ruwa na karkashin kasa da kuma lokacin da ake yin kololuwa..
Wannan fa'idar ta ƙarshe ta haifar da haɓaka aikin haɗin gwiwar masana'antu da Eskom ke tallafawa wanda a ƙarƙashinsa Howden ke bincikar amfani da kankara don rage yawan buƙatar wutar lantarki, tare da gwajin gwaji a Mponeng da Moab Hotsong, ma'adinai mafi zurfi a duniya.
"Mun daskare dam da dare (bayan sa'o'i) kuma muna amfani da ruwa da narkakken kankara a matsayin tushen sanyaya ga ma'adinan a lokacin mafi girma," in ji Wasserman."Ana kashe raka'o'in sanyaya tushe a lokacin mafi girman lokuta, wanda ke rage nauyi akan grid."
Wannan ya haifar da samar da na'ura mai sarrafa kankara a Mponeng, inda Howden ya kammala aikin da suka hada da na'urorin farar hula, lantarki da na inji na 12 MW, 120 t/h kankara.
Abubuwan da aka ƙara kwanan nan zuwa ainihin dabarun sanyaya na Mponeng sun haɗa da ƙanƙara mai laushi, ruwan sanyi, saman sanyaya iska (BACs) da tsarin sanyaya ƙasa.kasancewar a cikin ruwan nawa na haɓakar ƙira na narkar da gishiri da chlorides yayin aiki.
Ƙwarewar Afirka ta Kudu da kuma mai da hankali kan mafita, ba kawai samfura ba, yana ci gaba da canza tsarin na'urorin sanyaya a duniya, in ji shi.
Kamar yadda Wasserman ya ambata, yayin da ma’adanai ke kara zurfafa zurfafa da sarari a cikin ma’adanai, abu ne mai sauki a iya samun mafita irin wannan a wasu sassan duniya.
Meinhardt ya ce: "Howden ya kwashe shekaru da dama yana fitar da fasahar sanyaya ma'adinansa zuwa Afirka ta Kudu.Misali, mun samar da mafitacin sanyaya nawa don ma'adinan zinare a karkashin kasa a Nevada baya cikin 1990s.
"Wani fasaha mai ban sha'awa da ake amfani da ita a wasu ma'adinan Afirka ta Kudu ita ce adana dusar ƙanƙara don ɗaukar kaya - ana adana makamashin zafi a cikin manyan madatsun ruwa na kankara.Ana samar da ƙanƙara a lokacin mafi girman sa'o'i kuma ana amfani da su a lokacin mafi girma," in ji shi.“A al’adance, an tsara na’urorin na’urar sanyaya firji don madaidaicin zafin yanayi wanda zai iya kaiwa sa’o’i uku a rana a cikin watannin bazara.Koyaya, idan kuna da ikon adana makamashi mai sanyaya, zaku iya rage wannan ƙarfin. ”
"Idan kuna da tsari tare da ƙimar mafi girma kuma kuna son haɓakawa zuwa farashi mai rahusa yayin lokutan da ba a kai ga kololuwa ba, waɗannan hanyoyin samar da kankara na iya haifar da yanayin kasuwanci mai ƙarfi," in ji shi."Babban jari na farko na masana'antar na iya rage farashin aiki."
A lokaci guda kuma, BAC, wanda aka yi amfani da shi a cikin ma'adinan Afirka ta Kudu shekaru da yawa, yana ƙara samun mahimmanci a duniya.
Idan aka kwatanta da ƙirar BAC na al'ada, sabon ƙarni na BACs suna da ingantaccen yanayin zafi fiye da waɗanda suka gabace su, ƙananan iyakokin iska na ma'adinai da ƙaramin sawun ƙafa.Hakanan suna haɗa tsarin sanyaya-kan-buƙata (CoD) a cikin dandalin Howden Ventsim CONTROL, wanda ke daidaita zafin iska ta atomatik don dacewa da bukatun ƙasa.
A cikin shekarar da ta gabata, Howden ya isar da sabon ƙarni na BACs ga abokan ciniki a Brazil da Burkina Faso.
Har ila yau, kamfanin yana iya samar da mafita na musamman don yanayin aiki mai wuyar gaske;Misali na baya-bayan nan shine shigarwar 'na musamman' na masu sanyaya ammonia na BAC don Ma'adinan OZ a ma'adinan Carrapateen a Kudancin Ostiraliya.
"Howden ya shigar da busassun na'urori tare da Howden ammonia compressors da kuma rufe busassun na'urorin sanyaya iska a Ostiraliya idan babu ruwa," in ji Wasserman game da shigarwa."Ganin cewa wannan 'bushe' shigarwa ne kuma ba buɗaɗɗen masu sanyaya na'urar sanyaya a cikin tsarin ruwa ba, an tsara waɗannan na'urorin don ingantaccen aiki."
A halin yanzu kamfanin yana gwada hanyar sa ido akan wani injin BAC mai karfin megawatt 8 a teku (hoton ƙasa) wanda aka kera kuma aka gina a ma'adinan Yaramoko Fortuna Silver (tsohon Roxgold) a Burkina Faso.
Tsarin, wanda kamfanin Howden da ke Johannesburg ke kula da shi, ya baiwa kamfanin damar ba da shawara kan yuwuwar inganta ingantaccen aiki da kuma kula da shi don ci gaba da gudanar da aikin a mafi kyawu.Ƙungiyar BAC a rukunin ma'adinai na Caraiba a cikin Ero Copper, Brazil kuma an tsara su don amfani da wannan fasalin.
The Total Mine Ventilation Solutions (TMVS) dandamali yana ci gaba da haɓaka alaƙa mai dorewa mai ƙima kuma kamfanin zai ƙaddamar da nazarin yuwuwar Ventilation On Demand (VoD) biyu a cikin ƙasar a cikin 2021.
Dama a kan iyakar Zimbabwe, kamfanin yana aiki da wani aikin da zai ba da damar yin amfani da bidiyo a kan buƙata don yin amfani da kofofin atomatik a cikin ma'adinan karkashin kasa, wanda zai ba su damar buɗewa a lokuta daban-daban da kuma samar da isasshen iska mai sanyaya daidai da takamaiman bukatun motar.
Wannan ci gaban fasaha, ta yin amfani da kayayyakin aikin hakar ma'adinai da ake da su da kuma tushen bayanan, zai zama muhimmin sashi na samfuran Howden na gaba.
Ƙwarewar Howden a Afirka ta Kudu: Koyi yadda za a tsara hanyoyin kwantar da hankali don magance rashin ingancin ruwa a ma'adinan zinare mai zurfi, yadda za a samar da mafita a matsayin makamashi mai kyau kamar yadda zai yiwu don kauce wa matsalolin grid, da kuma yadda za a hadu da wasu daga cikin mafi tsananin buƙatun ingancin iska.zafin jiki da bukatun kiwon lafiya na sana'a a duk duniya Dokokin - za su ci gaba da biyan kuɗin ma'adinai a duniya.
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