Injiniyoyin suna gudanar da “karɓar” na'urar hangen nesa ta James Webb Space Telescope na tsakiyar infrared a Cibiyar Jirgin Sama ta NASA ta Goddard bayan tashi daga Burtaniya.
Masu fasahar jirgin JPL Johnny Melendez (dama) da Joe Mora sun duba MIRI cryocooler kafin a tura shi zuwa Northrop Grumman a Redondo Beach, California.A can, mai sanyaya yana haɗe da jikin na'urar hangen nesa na Webb.
Wannan bangare na kayan aikin MIRI, wanda aka gani a dakin gwaje-gwaje na Appleton da ke Rutherford, UK, yana dauke da na'urorin gano infrared.Crycooler yana nesa da na'urar ganowa saboda yana aiki a yanayin zafi mafi girma.Tuba mai ɗauke da helium mai sanyi ya haɗa sassan biyu.
MIRI (hagu) yana zaune a kan ma'aunin ma'auni a Northrop Grumman a Tekun Redondo yayin da injiniyoyi ke shirin yin amfani da crane na sama don haɗa shi zuwa Module Integrated Scientific Instrument Module (ISIM).ISIM shine ainihin Webb, kayan aikin kimiyya guda huɗu waɗanda ke ɗauke da na'urar hangen nesa.
Kafin na'urar MIRI - ɗaya daga cikin na'urorin kimiyya guda huɗu akan ɗakin kallo - ya iya aiki, dole ne a sanyaya shi zuwa kusan mafi girman zafin jiki wanda kwayoyin halitta zasu iya kaiwa.
Na'urar hangen nesa ta NASA James Webb, wanda aka shirya harbawa a ranar 24 ga Disamba, ita ce cibiyar lura da sararin samaniya mafi girma a tarihi, kuma tana da aiki mai ban tsoro: tattara hasken infrared daga kusurwoyi masu nisa na sararin samaniya, baiwa masana kimiyya damar yin bincike kan tsari da asalin sararin samaniya. sararin samaniyarmu da matsayinmu a cikinta.
Yawancin abubuwa na sararin samaniya - ciki har da taurari da taurari, da iskar gas da ƙurar da suke samar da su - suna fitar da hasken infrared, wani lokacin da ake kira thermal radiation.Amma haka yawancin sauran abubuwa masu dumi, kamar masu cin abinci, mutane, da kayan lantarki. Wannan yana nufin Webb's hudu infrared kayan aiki zasu iya gano nasu hasken infrared. Don rage waɗannan watsi, kayan aiki dole ne su kasance da sanyi fiye da 8 Fahrenheit. 233 Celsius) .Amma don aiki da kyau, masu ganowa a cikin kayan aikin infrared na tsakiya, ko MIRI, dole ne su yi sanyi: ƙasa da 7 Kelvin (aƙalla 448 digiri Fahrenheit, ko debe 266 digiri Celsius).
Wannan shine kawai 'yan digiri sama da cikakken sifili (0 Kelvin) - mafi girman zafin jiki a ka'idar mai yiwuwa, kodayake ba a taɓa iya kaiwa ga jiki ba saboda yana wakiltar cikakken rashin kowane zafi.
Zazzabi shine ainihin ma'auni na yadda atom ɗin ke tafiya da sauri, kuma baya ga gano nasu hasken infrared, Webb detectors za a iya haifar da su ta hanyar jijjiga thermal nasu.MIRI yana gano haske a cikin ƙananan makamashi fiye da sauran kayan aiki guda uku. A sakamakon haka, masu bincikensa sun fi damuwa da girgizar zafi. Wadannan siginonin da ba'a so su ne abin da masu binciken sararin samaniya ke kira "babu abin da masana sararin samaniya ke kira don ganowa.
Bayan ƙaddamarwa, Webb zai ƙaddamar da visor mai girman kotun tennis wanda ke kare MIRI da sauran kayan aiki daga zafin rana, yana ba su damar kwantar da hankali.Farawa game da kwanaki 77 bayan ƙaddamarwa, MIRI's cryocooler zai ɗauki kwanaki 19 don rage yawan zafin jiki na masu gano kayan aiki zuwa kasa da 7 Kelvin.
"Yana da sauƙi a kwantar da abubuwa zuwa yanayin zafi a Duniya, sau da yawa don aikace-aikacen kimiyya ko masana'antu," in ji Konstantin Penanen, kwararre a cryocooler a NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory a Kudancin California., wanda ke sarrafa kayan aikin MIRI don NASA.” Amma waɗannan tsarin tushen duniya suna da girma sosai kuma ba su da ƙarfi.Don wurin kallon sararin samaniya, muna buƙatar na'urar sanyaya mai ƙarfi ta jiki, mai ƙarfi, kuma dole ne ta kasance abin dogaro sosai saboda ba za mu iya fita mu gyara shi ba.To wadannan su ne kalubalen da muke fuskanta., game da wannan, zan iya cewa MIRI cryocoolers tabbas suna kan gaba."
Ɗaya daga cikin manufofin kimiyya na Webb shine nazarin kaddarorin taurari na farko da suka samo asali a sararin samaniya. Kamarar infrared na kusa da Webb ko kayan NIRCam za su iya gano waɗannan abubuwa masu nisa sosai, kuma MIRI zai taimaka wa masana kimiyya su tabbatar da cewa waɗannan maɓuɓɓugar haske sun kasance gungu na taurari na farko, maimakon taurari na ƙarni na biyu da suka samu daga baya a cikin juyin halitta.
Ta hanyar kallon girgije mai ƙura da ke da kauri fiye da kayan aikin infrared na kusa, MIRI zai bayyana wuraren haifuwar taurari. Hakanan zai gano kwayoyin da aka saba samu a duniya - irin su ruwa, carbon dioxide da methane, da kwayoyin ma'adanai na ma'adanai irin su silicates - a cikin yanayi mai sanyi a kusa da taurarin kusa, inda taurari na iya samar da su. Kusa-infrared yanayi zai iya gani a wurare masu kyau kamar yadda MIRI zai iya gano abubuwan da ke cikin hoho. su kamar kankara.
"Ta hanyar haɗuwa da ƙwarewar Amurka da Turai, mun ci gaba da MIRI a matsayin ikon Webb, wanda zai ba da damar masana astronomers daga ko'ina cikin duniya don amsa manyan tambayoyi game da yadda taurari, taurari da taurari ke samuwa da kuma samo asali," in ji Gillian Wright, Co-shugaban ƙungiyar kimiyyar MIRI da Babban Mai binciken Turai na kayan aiki a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Astronomical ta Burtaniya (UK ATC).
MIRI cryocooler yana amfani da iskar helium-isa ya cika kusan balloons na jam'iyya guda tara - don ɗaukar zafi daga na'urar gano kayan aiki.Compressors biyu na lantarki suna fitar da helium ta cikin bututun da ke shimfidawa zuwa inda na'urar ganowa take.Tsarin yana gudana ta cikin wani shinge na karfe wanda kuma ke haɗe zuwa na'urar ganowa;Helium mai sanyaya yana shayar da zafi mai yawa daga toshe, yana kiyaye yanayin aikin mai ganowa a ƙasa da 7 Kelvin. Gas mai zafi (amma har yanzu sanyi) ya koma cikin kwampreso, inda ya fitar da zafi mai yawa, kuma sake zagayowar ta fara. Ainihin, tsarin yana kama da wanda ake amfani dashi a cikin firiji na gida da kwandishan.
Bututun da ke ɗauke da helium an yi su ne da bakin karfe mai launin zinari kuma ba su kai kashi ɗaya bisa goma na inch (2.5 mm) a diamita ba. Yana haɓaka kusan ƙafa 30 (mita 10) daga compressor da ke cikin yankin bas ɗin sararin samaniya zuwa mai gano MIRI a cikin nau'in na'urar hangen nesa ta gani da ke bayan ta observatory's honeycombTA na farko madubi.Hardware, da ake kira taro na D. damtse, dan kamar fistan, don taimakawa shigar da stowed observatory a cikin kariya a saman roka. Da zarar a sararin samaniya, hasumiya za ta mika don raba daki-zazzabi kumbon kumbon bas daga na'ura mai sanyaya na gani na'urar hangen nesa da kuma ba da damar sunshade da na'urar hangen nesa su yi cikakken aiki.
Wannan raye-raye yana nuna kyakkyawan kisa na James Webb Space Telescope ƙaddamarwa sa'o'i da kwanaki bayan ƙaddamarwa. Fadada babban taro na hasumiya na tsakiya zai kara nisa tsakanin sassan biyu na MIRI. An haɗa su da tubes na helical tare da sanyaya helium.
Amma tsarin elongation yana buƙatar bututun helium da za a tsawaita tare da taron hasumiya mai faɗaɗa. Don haka bututun yana murɗa kamar bazara, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa injiniyoyin MIRI suka laƙabi wannan ɓangaren bututun "Slinky".
"Akwai wasu kalubale wajen yin aiki a kan tsarin da ya shafi yankuna da yawa na masu lura," in ji Analyn Schneider, manajan shirin JPL MIRI.“Wadannan yankuna daban-daban suna karkashin jagorancin kungiyoyi ko cibiyoyi daban-daban, ciki har da Northrop Grumman da Cibiyar Kula da Jiragen Sama ta NASA ta Amurka ta Goddard, dole ne mu yi magana da kowa.Babu wani kayan aiki akan na'urar hangen nesa da ke buƙatar yin hakan, don haka ƙalubale ne na musamman ga MIRI.Tabbas ya kasance dogon layi don hanyar MIRI cryocoolers, kuma muna shirye mu gan ta a sararin samaniya."
The James Webb Space Telescope zai harba a cikin 2021 a matsayin firaministan sararin samaniya na duniya Observatory.Webb zai tona asirin tsarin mu hasken rana, duba zuwa m duniya a kusa da sauran taurari, da kuma gano m tsarin da asalin sararin samaniyarmu da kuma mu place.Webb wani shiri ne na kasa da kasa karkashin jagorancin NASA da abokanta ESA (Turai Space Agency) da Canada Space Agency.
An haɓaka MIRI ta hanyar haɗin gwiwar 50-50 tsakanin NASA da ESA (Hukumar Kula da Sararin Samaniya ta Turai) .JPL tana jagorantar ƙoƙarin Amurka don MIRI, kuma haɗin gwiwar cibiyoyin astronomical na Turai suna ba da gudummawa ga ESA.George Rieke na Jami'ar Arizona shine jagoran ƙungiyar kimiyyar Amurka na MIRI.Gillian Wright shine shugaban ƙungiyar MIRI's Turai.
Alistair Glasse na ATC, UK ne MIRI Instrument Scientist da kuma Michael Ressler ne US Project Masanin a JPL.Laszlo Tamas na UK ATC ne mai kula da Tarayyar Turai EU.The ci gaban da MIRI cryocooler aka jagoranci da kuma gudanar da JPL tare da haɗin gwiwar NASA ta Goddard Space Flight Center a Greenbelt, Maryland, California, da kuma Northrop Grumman.