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TiO2 abu ne na semiconductor da aka yi amfani da shi don canza wutar lantarki.Don inganta amfani da haske, nickel da azurfa sulfide nanoparticles an haɗa su a saman TiO2 nanowires ta hanyar tsomawa mai sauƙi da hanyar photoreduction.An gudanar da jerin nazarin matakan kariya na cathodic na Ag/NiS/TiO2 nanocomposites a kan 304 bakin karfe, kuma an ƙaddamar da ilimin halittar jiki, abun da ke ciki, da halayen ɗaukar haske na kayan.Sakamakon ya nuna cewa shirye-shiryen Ag / NiS / TiO2 nanocomposites na iya samar da mafi kyawun kariyar cathodic don 304 bakin karfe lokacin da adadin nickel sulfide impregnation-hazo hawan hazo shine 6 kuma ƙaddamarwar nitrate na azurfa shine 0.1M.
Aikace-aikacen semiconductor na nau'in n-nau'in don kariya ta photocathode ta amfani da hasken rana ya zama batu mai zafi a cikin 'yan shekarun nan.Lokacin farin ciki da hasken rana, electrons daga valence band (VB) na wani semiconductor abu za su yi farin ciki a cikin band conduction (CB) don samar da photogenerated electrons.Idan yuwuwar band ɗin gudanarwa na semiconductor ko nanocomposite ya fi rashin kyau fiye da yuwuwar etching kai na ƙarfe da aka ɗaure, waɗannan electrons ɗin da aka ɗaure za su canja wurin zuwa saman dauren ƙarfe.Tarin electrons zai kai ga cathodic polarization na karfe da kuma samar da kariya ta cathodic na haɗin gwiwar karfe1,2,3,4,5,6,7.The semiconductor abu an theoretically dauke da ba hadaya photoanode, tun da anodic dauki ba ya kaskantar da semiconductor abu da kanta, amma hadawan abu da iskar shaka na ruwa ta hanyar photogenerated ramukan ko adsorbed Organic gurbatawa, ko gaban masu tarawa zuwa tarko photogenerated ramukan.Mafi mahimmanci, kayan aikin semiconductor dole ne ya sami yuwuwar CB wanda ya fi mummunan rauni fiye da yuwuwar lalata ƙarfe da ake karewa.Daga nan ne kawai na'urorin lantarki masu daukar hoto za su iya wucewa daga rukunin gudanarwa na semiconductor zuwa karfe mai kariya. Photochemical lalata juriya karatu sun mayar da hankali a kan inorganic n-type semiconductor kayan da fadi band gibba (3.0-3.2EV) 1,2,3,4,5,6,7, wanda kawai amsa ga ultraviolet haske (< 400 nm), rage samuwar haske. Photochemical lalata juriya karatu sun mayar da hankali a kan inorganic n-type semiconductor kayan da fadi band gibba (3.0-3.2EV) 1,2,3,4,5,6,7, wanda kawai amsa ga ultraviolet haske (< 400 nm), rage samuwar haske. Исследования стойкости к фотохимической. ирокой запрещеной зоной (3,0–3,2 EV)1,2,3,4,5,6,7, которые реагируют только на ультрафиолетое на ультрафиолетовое ние доступности света. Bincike akan juriya na lalata photochemical ya mayar da hankali kan n-type inorganic semiconductor kayan tare da fadi da bandgap (3.0-3.2 EV) 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 cewa kawai amsa ultraviolet radiation (< 400 nm), rage haske samuwa.光化学耐腐蚀性研究主要集中在具有宽带隙(3.0–3.2EV)1,2,3,4,5,6,7 的无机n 型中有上半料仅对紫外光（< 400 nm）有响应，减少光的可用性。光 化学 耐腐 蚀性 研究 主要 在 具有 宽带有 宽带隙料 上 ， 仅 材料 仅 对 （<400 nm） 有减少光的可用性。 Исследования стойкости к фотохимической корррозии n-типа с широкой запрещенной зоной (3,0–3,2EV)1,2,3,4,5,6,7, которые чувствительны только к УФ-июм (4) Bincike akan juriya na lalata photochemical ya fi mayar da hankali kan faffadan bandgap (3.0-3.2EV) 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 n-type inorganic semiconductor kayan da ke kula da hasken UV kawai.(<400 nm).Don amsawa, samun haske yana raguwa.
A fagen kariyar lalata marine, fasahar kariya ta photoelectrochemical cathodic na taka muhimmiyar rawa.TiO2 wani abu ne na semiconductor tare da kyakkyawar ɗaukar hasken UV da kaddarorin hoto.Koyaya, saboda ƙarancin amfani da haske, ramukan lantarki masu ɗaukar hoto suna sake haɗuwa cikin sauƙi kuma ba za a iya kiyaye su ƙarƙashin yanayin duhu ba.Ana buƙatar ƙarin bincike don nemo mafita mai ma'ana kuma mai yiwuwa.An ba da rahoton cewa ana iya amfani da hanyoyin gyare-gyare da yawa don inganta hotuna na TiO2, irin su doping tare da Fe, N, da haɗuwa tare da Ni3S2, Bi2Se3, CdTe, da dai sauransu. Saboda haka, TiO2 composite tare da kayan aiki tare da high photoelectric hira yadda ya dace da ake amfani da ko'ina a fagen photogenerated cathodic kariya..
Nickel sulfide abu ne na semiconductor tare da kunkuntar band tazarar kawai 1.24 eV8.9.kunkuntar ratar band, mafi ƙarfin amfani da haske.Bayan an haɗe sulfide nickel tare da farfajiyar titanium dioxide, ana iya ƙara matakin amfani da haske.Haɗe tare da titanium dioxide, yana iya inganta haɓaka haɓakar haɓakar electrons da ramukan da aka samar da su yadda ya kamata.Nickel sulfide ana amfani dashi sosai a samar da hydrogencatalytic, batura da lalatawar gurɓataccen abu8,9,10.Duk da haka, har yanzu ba a ba da rahoton amfani da shi wajen kariya ta photocathode ba.A cikin wannan binciken, an zaɓi ƙunƙuntaccen abu mai ɗaukar hoto don magance matsalar ƙarancin amfanin hasken TiO2.Nickel da azurfa sulfide nanoparticles an ɗaure su a saman TiO2 nanowires ta hanyar nutsewa da hanyoyin reduction bi da bi.Ag/NiS/TiO2 nanocomposite yana inganta ingantaccen amfani da haske kuma yana faɗaɗa kewayon ɗaukar haske daga yankin ultraviolet zuwa yankin da ake iya gani.A halin yanzu, ƙaddamar da nanoparticles na azurfa yana ba da nanocomposite Ag/NiS/TiO2 nanocomposite kyakkyawan kwanciyar hankali da kwanciyar hankali na cathodic.
Da farko, an yanke katakon titanium 0.1 mm lokacin farin ciki tare da tsabta na 99.9% zuwa girman 30 mm × 10 mm don gwaje-gwaje.Sa'an nan kuma, kowane surface na titanium foil an goge sau 100 tare da 2500 grit sandpaper, sa'an nan kuma a wanke a jere da acetone, cikakken ethanol, da distilled ruwa.Sanya farantin titanium a cikin cakuda 85 ° C (sodium hydroxide: sodium carbonate: ruwa = 5: 2: 100) don 90 min, cire kuma kurkura tare da ruwa mai narkewa.An ɗora saman tare da maganin HF (HF: H2O = 1: 5) na 1 min, sa'an nan kuma a wanke tare da acetone, ethanol, da ruwa mai tsabta, kuma a ƙarshe ya bushe don amfani.Titanium dioxide nanowires an ƙirƙira su cikin sauri akan saman bangon titanium ta hanyar anodizing mataki ɗaya.Don anodizing, ana amfani da tsarin al'ada guda biyu-electrode, lantarki mai aiki shine takardar titanium, da kuma na'urar lantarki ta platinum electrode.Sanya farantin titanium a cikin 400 ml na maganin NaOH na 2M tare da matsi na lantarki.Rashin wutar lantarki na DC yana da kwanciyar hankali a kusan 1.3 A. An kiyaye zafin jiki na maganin a 80 ° C na minti 180 a lokacin tsarin tsarin.An fitar da takardar titanium, an wanke shi da acetone da ethanol, an wanke shi da ruwa mai tsafta, kuma a bushe ta dabi'a.Sa'an nan kuma an sanya samfurori a cikin tanderun murfi a 450 ° C (ƙananan zafi 5 ° C / min), an ajiye su a cikin zafin jiki na tsawon minti 120, kuma an sanya su a cikin tire mai bushewa.
Nickel sulfide-titanium dioxide an samo shi ta hanyar hanya mai sauƙi da sauƙi tsomawa.Na farko, nickel nitrate (0.03 M) an narkar da shi a cikin ethanol kuma an ajiye shi a ƙarƙashin motsin maganadisu na tsawon mintuna 20 don samun maganin ethanol na nickel nitrate.Sa'an nan kuma shirya sodium sulfide (0.03 M) tare da cakudaccen maganin methanol (methanol: ruwa = 1: 1).Sa'an nan kuma, an sanya allunan titanium dioxide a cikin maganin da aka shirya a sama, an fitar da su bayan minti 4, kuma a wanke da sauri tare da cakuda methanol da ruwa (methanol: ruwa = 1: 1) na minti 1.Bayan saman ya bushe, an sanya allunan a cikin tanderun murfi, mai zafi a cikin injin daskarewa a 380 ° C na minti 20, sanyaya zuwa zafin jiki, kuma bushe.Yawan zagayowar 2, 4, 6 da 8.
Ag nanoparticles an gyara Ag/NiS/TiO2 nanocomposites ta photoreduction12,13.Sakamakon Ag/NiS/TiO2 nanocomposite an sanya shi a cikin maganin nitrate na azurfa da ake bukata don gwaji.Sa'an nan kuma samfurori suna haskakawa tare da hasken ultraviolet na 30 min, an tsaftace su da ruwa mai tsabta, kuma Ag / NiS / TiO2 nanocomposites an samo su ta hanyar bushewa na halitta.Ana nuna tsarin gwajin da aka kwatanta a sama a hoto 1.
Ag/NiS/TiO2 nanocomposites an fi saninsu da filin watsi da sikanin lantarki microscopy (FESEM), makamashi dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), da kuma watsawa gani a cikin ultraviolet da bayyane jeri (UV-Vis).An yi FESEM ta hanyar amfani da microscope Nova NanoSEM 450 (FEI Corporation, Amurka).Haɗa ƙarfin lantarki 1 kV, girman tabo 2.0.Na'urar tana amfani da binciken CBS don karɓar electrons na biyu da na baya don nazarin yanayin yanayi.An gudanar da EMF ta amfani da tsarin Oxford X-Max N50 EMF (Oxford Instruments Technology Co., Ltd.) tare da haɓaka ƙarfin lantarki na 15 kV da girman tabo na 3.0.Ƙididdigar ƙididdiga da ƙididdiga ta amfani da halayen X-ray.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy an yi shi a kan Escalab 250Xi spectrometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific Corporation, USA) yana aiki a cikin ingantaccen yanayin makamashi tare da ƙarfin motsa jiki na 150 W da monochromatic Al Kα radiation (1486.6 eV) azaman tushen tashin hankali.Cikakken kewayon dubawa 0-1600 eV, jimlar makamashi 50 eV, nisa mataki 1.0 eV, da carbon mara kyau (~ 284.8 eV) an yi amfani dashi azaman nassoshi na gyara cajin makamashi.Ƙarfin wucewa don kunkuntar dubawa shine 20 eV tare da mataki na 0.05 eV.An yi ta'ammali da spectroscopy na gani a cikin UV-bayanin yankin a kan Cary 5000 spectrometer (Varian, USA) tare da daidaitaccen farantin barium sulfate a cikin kewayon dubawa na 10-80°.
A cikin wannan aikin, abun da ke ciki (kashi na nauyi) na bakin karfe 304 shine 0.08 C, 1.86 Mn, 0.72 Si, 0.035 P, 0.029 s, 18.25 Cr, 8.5 Ni, sauran kuma shine Fe.10mm x 10mm x 10mm 304 bakin karfe, epoxy potted tare da fili 1 cm2 fallasa.An yi masa sandpaper 2400 grit silicon carbide sandpaper kuma an wanke shi da ethanol.Bakin karfe an sonicated a cikin ruwan da aka lalatar na tsawon mintuna 5 sannan a adana shi a cikin tanda.
A cikin gwajin OCP, 304 bakin karfe da kuma Ag/NiS/TiO2 photoanode an sanya su a cikin kwayar cutar lalata da kwayar photoanode, bi da bi (Fig. 2).Kwayoyin lalata sun cika da 3.5% NaCl bayani, kuma an zuba 0.25 M Na2SO3 a cikin tantanin halitta na photoanode a matsayin tarkon rami.An raba biyu electrolytes daga cakuda ta amfani da naphthol membrane.An auna OCP akan wurin aiki na lantarki (P4000+, Amurka).Wutar lantarki na tunani shine cikakken electrode calomel (SCE).An sanya tushen haske (fitilar xenon, PLS-SXE300C, Poisson Technologies Co., Ltd.) da farantin da aka yanke 420 a wurin fitowar hasken hasken, yana barin haske mai gani ya wuce ta gilashin quartz zuwa photoanode.Ana haɗa wutar lantarki ta bakin karfe 304 zuwa photoanode tare da wayar tagulla.Kafin gwajin, 304 bakin ƙarfe na lantarki an jiƙa a cikin 3.5% NaCl bayani na 2 h don tabbatar da tsayayyen yanayi.A farkon gwajin, lokacin da aka kunna da kashe haske, electrons masu jin daɗi na photoanode sun isa saman 304 bakin karfe ta hanyar waya.
A cikin gwaje-gwajen da aka yi a kan nauyin hoto, 304SS da Ag / NiS / TiO2 photoanodes an sanya su a cikin ƙwayoyin lalata da ƙwayoyin photoanode, bi da bi (Fig. 3).An auna ma'aunin hoto na yanzu akan saitin daidai da OCP.Don samun ainihin yawan ɗimbin yawa tsakanin 304 bakin karfe da photoanode, an yi amfani da potentiostat azaman ammeter juriya na sifili don haɗa bakin karfe 304 da photoanode a ƙarƙashin yanayi mara kyau.Don yin wannan, abubuwan tunani da na'urorin lantarki a cikin saitin gwaji sun kasance gajere, don haka aikin lantarki na lantarki ya yi aiki azaman ammeter mai juriya da sifili wanda zai iya auna ainihin ƙimar halin yanzu.An haɗa na'urar lantarki ta bakin karfe 304 zuwa ƙasa na aikin lantarki na lantarki, kuma an haɗa photoanode zuwa maƙallan lantarki mai aiki.A farkon gwajin, lokacin da aka kunna da kashe haske, electrons masu sha'awar photoanode ta hanyar waya sun isa saman 304 bakin karfe.A wannan lokacin, ana iya lura da canje-canje a cikin girman girman hoto a saman 304 bakin karfe.
Don nazarin aikin kariya na cathodic na nanocomposites akan 304 bakin karfe, an gwada canje-canje a cikin yuwuwar photoionization na 304 bakin karfe da nanocomposites, da kuma canje-canje a cikin yawan adadin photoionization na yanzu tsakanin nanocomposites da 304 bakin karfe, an gwada su.
A kan fig.4 yana nuna canje-canje a cikin buɗaɗɗen damar da'ira na 304 bakin karfe da nanocomposites a ƙarƙashin haske mai haske da bayyane kuma ƙarƙashin yanayi duhu.A kan fig.4a yana nuna tasirin lokacin ajiyar NiS ta hanyar nutsewa akan yuwuwar kewayawa, da fig.4b yana nuna tasirin taro nitrate na azurfa akan yuwuwar buɗe ido yayin daukar hoto.A kan fig.4a ya nuna cewa yuwuwar buɗaɗɗen da'ira na NiS/TiO2 nanocomposite bonded zuwa 304 bakin karfe yana raguwa sosai a lokacin da aka kunna fitilar idan aka kwatanta da hadadden nickel sulfide.Bugu da ƙari, yuwuwar buɗewar kewayawa ya fi na TiO2 nanowires mai tsafta, yana nuna cewa haɗakarwar nickel sulfide yana haifar da ƙarin electrons kuma yana haɓaka tasirin kariya na photocathode daga TiO2.Koyaya, a ƙarshen fallasa, yuwuwar rashin ɗaukar nauyi yana tashi da sauri zuwa yuwuwar ƙarancin ƙarfe na baƙin ƙarfe, yana nuna cewa nickel sulfide ba shi da tasirin ajiyar makamashi.Ana iya lura da tasirin adadin zagayowar ajiya na nutsewa akan yuwuwar da'irar buɗewa a cikin siffa 4a.A lokacin ƙaddamarwa na 6, matsanancin yuwuwar nanocomposite ya kai -550 mV dangane da madaidaicin electrode calomel, kuma yuwuwar nanocomposite da aka ajiye ta hanyar 6 yana da ƙasa da ƙasa fiye da na nanocomposite a ƙarƙashin wasu yanayi.Don haka, NiS/TiO2 nanocomposites da aka samu bayan zagayowar ajiya na 6 sun ba da mafi kyawun kariyar cathodic don bakin karfe 304.
Canje-canje a cikin OCP na 304 bakin karfe na lantarki tare da NiS/TiO2 nanocomposites (a) da Ag/NiS/TiO2 nanocomposites (b) tare da kuma ba tare da haske ba (λ> 400 nm).
Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin fig.4b, yuwuwar buɗaɗɗen kewayawa na 304 bakin karfe da Ag/NiS/TiO2 nanocomposites an rage su sosai lokacin fallasa haske.Bayan saman jigon nanoparticles na azurfa, yuwuwar buɗewar da'irar ta ragu sosai idan aka kwatanta da tsarkakakken TiO2 nanowires.Ƙimar NiS/TiO2 nanocomposite ya fi mummunan rauni, yana nuna cewa tasirin kariyar cathodic na TiO2 yana inganta sosai bayan an ajiye abubuwan Ag nanoparticles.Ƙarfin da'ira na buɗewa ya karu da sauri a ƙarshen bayyanar, kuma idan aka kwatanta da madaidaicin calomel electrode, damar budewa zai iya kaiwa -580 mV, wanda ya kasance ƙasa da na 304 bakin karfe (-180 mV).Wannan sakamakon yana nuna cewa nanocomposite yana da tasiri mai ban sha'awa na ajiyar makamashi bayan an adana barbashi na azurfa a samansa.A kan fig.4b kuma yana nuna tasirin taro nitrate na azurfa akan yuwuwar kewayawa.A matsakaicin nitrate na azurfa na 0.1 M, ƙayyadaddun yuwuwar iyaka dangane da madaidaicin electrode calomel ya kai -925 mV.Bayan zagayowar aikace-aikacen 4, yuwuwar ta kasance a matakin bayan aikace-aikacen farko, wanda ke nuna kyakkyawan kwanciyar hankali na nanocomposite.Don haka, a cikin ƙwayar nitrate na azurfa na 0.1 M, sakamakon Ag / NiS / TiO2 nanocomposite yana da mafi kyawun tasirin kariya na cathodic akan 304 bakin karfe.
Jigon NiS akan saman TiO2 nanowires yana haɓaka sannu a hankali tare da haɓaka lokacin ajiya na NiS.Lokacin da hasken da ake iya gani ya faɗo saman nanowire, ƙarin wuraren aiki na nickel sulfide suna jin daɗin samar da electrons, kuma yuwuwar ɗaukar hoto yana raguwa da yawa.Duk da haka, lokacin da nickel sulfide nanoparticles aka ajiye fiye da kima a saman, nickel sulfide mai farin ciki yana raguwa a maimakon haka, wanda ba ya taimakawa wajen ɗaukar haske.Bayan an ajiye ɓangarorin azurfa a saman, saboda tasirin tasirin tasirin plasmon na ɓangarorin azurfa, za a canza abubuwan da aka samar da su cikin sauri zuwa saman bakin karfe 304, wanda ke haifar da kyakkyawan tasirin kariya na cathodic.Lokacin da aka ajiye adadin azurfa da yawa a saman, ɓangarorin azurfa sun zama wurin sake haɗuwa don photoelectrons da ramuka, wanda ba ya taimakawa wajen samar da photoelectrons.A ƙarshe, Ag/NiS/TiO2 nanocomposites na iya samar da mafi kyawun kariyar cathodic don 304 bakin karfe bayan 6-ninka nickel sulfide a ƙarƙashin 0.1 M nitrate na azurfa.
Ƙimar ɗimbin yawa na photocurrent yana wakiltar ikon raba wutar lantarki da ramuka masu ɗaukar hoto, kuma mafi girman yawan yawan photocurrent, ƙarfin rarraba wutar lantarki da ramuka.Akwai bincike da yawa da ke nuna cewa ana amfani da NiS sosai wajen haɗa kayan aikin photocatalytic don haɓaka kayan aikin hoto da kuma raba ramuka15,16,17,18,19,20.Chen et al.yayi nazarin graphene-kyafe mai daraja da kayan haɗin g-C3N4 waɗanda aka haɗa tare da NiS15.Matsakaicin ƙarfi na photocurrent na g-C3N4/0.25%RGO/3%NiS shine 0.018 μA/cm2.Chen et al.yayi nazarin CdSe-NiS tare da ɗigon hoto na yanzu na kusan 10 µA/cm2.16.Liu et al.haɗa haɗin CdS@NiS tare da ɗigon hoto na yanzu na 15 µA/cm218.Koyaya, har yanzu ba a ba da rahoton amfani da NiS don kariyar photocathode ba.A cikin bincikenmu, ɗimbin hoto na TiO2 ya ƙaru sosai ta hanyar gyare-gyaren NiS.A kan fig.5 yana nuna canje-canje a cikin ɗigon hoto na 304 bakin karfe da nanocomposites a ƙarƙashin yanayin haske na bayyane kuma ba tare da haske ba.Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin fig.5a, yawan nauyin hoto na NiS/TiO2 nanocomposite yana ƙaruwa da sauri a lokacin da aka kunna hasken, kuma yawan zafin jiki yana da kyau, yana nuna kwararar electrons daga nanocomposite zuwa saman ta wurin aikin lantarki.304 bakin karfe.Bayan shiri na nickel sulfide composites, da photocurrent yawa girma fiye da na TiO2 nanowires.Girman girman hoto na NiS ya kai 220 μA/cm2, wanda shine sau 6.8 sama da na TiO2 nanowires (32 μA/cm2), lokacin da NiS ke nutsewa kuma an ajiye shi sau 6.Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin fig.5b, yawan yawan hotuna tsakanin Ag/NiS/TiO2 nanocomposite da 304 bakin karfe ya kasance mafi girma fiye da tsakanin TiO2 mai tsabta da NiS/TiO2 nanocomposite lokacin da aka kunna a ƙarƙashin fitilar xenon.A kan fig.Hoto na 5b kuma yana nuna tasirin tasirin AgNO akan ɗimbin ɗabi'a a lokacin daukar hoto.A matsakaicin nitrate na azurfa na 0.1 M, girman sa na hoto ya kai 410 μA/cm2, wanda shine sau 12.8 sama da na TiO2 nanowires (32 μA/cm2) da 1.8 sau sama da na NiS/TiO2 nanocomposites.An kafa filin lantarki na heterojunction a Ag/NiS/TiO2 nanocomposite interface, wanda ke sauƙaƙe rarrabuwar electrons da aka samo daga ramuka.
Canje-canje a cikin ɗigon hoto na 304 bakin ƙarfe na lantarki tare da (a) NiS/TiO2 nanocomposite da (b) Ag/NiS/TiO2 nanocomposite tare da kuma ba tare da haske ba (λ> 400 nm).
Don haka, bayan 6 hawan keke na nickel sulfide immersion-deposition a cikin 0.1 M mai da hankali nitrate azurfa, da photocurrent yawa tsakanin Ag/NiS/TiO2 nanocomposites da 304 bakin karfe ya kai 410 μA/cm2, wanda ya fi na cikakken calomel.Electrodes kai -925mV.A ƙarƙashin waɗannan sharuɗɗan, 304 bakin karfe da aka haɗa tare da Ag/NiS/TiO2 na iya samar da mafi kyawun kariya ta cathodic.
A kan fig.6 yana nuna hotunan microscope na saman lantarki na tsantsar titanium dioxide nanowires, nanoparticles na nickel sulfide, da nanoparticles na azurfa a ƙarƙashin ingantattun yanayi.A kan fig.6a, d nuna tsantsar TiO2 nanowires da aka samu ta hanyar anodization mataki-daya.Rarraba saman titanium dioxide nanowires daidai ne, tsarin nanowires yana kusa da juna, kuma girman girman ramuka iri ɗaya ne.Figures 6b da e sune micrographs na lantarki na titanium dioxide bayan ɓangarorin ninki 6 da ƙaddamar da abubuwan haɗin nickel sulfide.Daga hoton ɗan ƙaramin hoto na lantarki wanda aka ɗaukaka sau 200,000 a cikin siffa 6e, ana iya ganin cewa nickel sulfide composite nanoparticles sun yi kama da juna kuma suna da girman ɓangarorin kusan 100-120 nm a diamita.Ana iya lura da wasu nanoparticles a cikin sararin sararin samaniya na nanowires, kuma titanium dioxide nanowires suna bayyane a fili.A kan fig.6c,f yana nuna hotunan microscopic na lantarki na NiS/TiO2 nanocomposites a wani taro na AgNO na 0.1 M. Idan aka kwatanta da Figs.6b da fg.6e ,ku.6c da fig.6f nuna cewa Ag nanoparticles an ajiye su a saman kayan haɗin gwiwar, tare da Ag nanoparticles daidai da rarraba tare da diamita na kimanin 10 nm.A kan fig.7 yana nuna ɓangaren giciye na Ag / NiS / TiO2 nanofilms da aka yi wa 6 hawan keke na NiS dip deposition a wani taro na AgNO3 na 0.1 M. Daga manyan hotuna masu girma, girman girman fim din ya kasance 240-270 nm.Don haka, nickel da azurfa sulfide nanoparticles suna haɗuwa a saman TiO2 nanowires.
TiO2 mai tsabta (a, d), NiS/TiO2 nanocomposites tare da 6 hawan keke na NiS dip deposition (b, e) da Ag / NiS / NiS tare da 6 hawan igiyar ruwa na NiS dip a 0.1 M AgNO3 SEM hotuna na TiO2 nanocomposites (c , e).
Sashin giciye na nanofilms na Ag/NiS/TiO2 da aka yiwa hawan hawan NiS dip 6 a wani taro na AgNO3 na 0.1 M.
A kan fig.8 yana nuna nau'in nau'in nau'i na nau'in nau'i na Ag / NiS / TiO2 nanocomposites da aka samo daga 6 hawan igiyar ruwa na nickel sulfide dip deposition a wani adadin nitrate na azurfa na 0.1 M. Rarraba sararin samaniya ya nuna cewa Ti, O, Ni, S da Ag an gano.amfani da makamashi spectroscopy.Dangane da abun ciki, Ti da O sune abubuwan da aka fi sani da rarrabawa, yayin da Ni da S kusan iri ɗaya ne, amma abun cikin su ya fi Ag.Hakanan za'a iya tabbatar da cewa adadin nanoparticles na azurfar nanoparticles na saman ya fi na nickel sulfide girma.Rarraba iri ɗaya na abubuwa a saman yana nuna cewa nickel da sulfide na azurfa suna da alaƙa iri ɗaya a saman nanowires TiO2.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic bincike kuma an gudanar da bincike don tantance takamaiman abun da ke ciki da yanayin dauri na abubuwa.
Rarraba abubuwa (Ti, O, Ni, S, da Ag) na Ag/NiS/TiO2 nanocomposites a wani taro na AgNO3 na 0.1 M don hawan hawan 6 na niS dip.
A kan fig.Hoto 9 yana nuna yanayin XPS na Ag/NiS/TiO2 nanocomposites da aka samu ta amfani da 6 hawan keke na nickel sulfide deposition ta hanyar nutsewa a cikin 0.1 M AgNO3, inda fig.9a shine cikakken bakan, kuma sauran nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan abubuwa ne.Kamar yadda ake iya gani daga cikakken bakan a cikin siffa 9a, an sami kololuwar sha na Ti, O, Ni, S, da Ag a cikin nanocomposite, wanda ke tabbatar da wanzuwar waɗannan abubuwa biyar.Sakamakon gwajin ya kasance daidai da EDS.Mafi girman kololuwa a cikin Hoto 9a shine kololuwar carbon da aka yi amfani da shi don gyara ƙarfin daurin samfurin.A kan fig.9b yana nuna babban ƙudurin bakan makamashi na Ti.Matsakaicin kololuwa na 2p orbitals suna samuwa a 459.32 da 465 eV, wanda yayi daidai da sha na Ti 2p3/2 da Ti 2p1/2 orbitals.Kololuwar sha biyu sun tabbatar da cewa titanium yana da darajar Ti4+, wanda yayi daidai da Ti a cikin TiO2.
Siffar XPS na ma'aunin Ag/NiS/TiO2 (a) da babban sikelin XPS na Ti2p (b), O1s (c), Ni2p (d), S2p (e), da Ag 3d (f).
A kan fig.9d yana nuna babban bakan makamashi na Ni tare da kololuwar sha huɗu don Ni 2p orbital.Kololuwar shayarwa a 856 da 873.5 eV yayi daidai da Ni 2p3/2 da Ni 2p1/2 8.10 orbitals, inda kololuwar sha ya kasance na NiS.Matsakaicin kololuwa a 881 da 863 eV sune na nickel nitrate kuma suna haifar da reagent nickel nitrate yayin shirye-shiryen samfurin.A kan fig.9e yana nuna babban ƙuduri S-bakan.Kololuwar shaye-shaye na S 2p orbitals suna cikin 161.5 da 168.1 eV, waɗanda suka dace da S 2p3/2 da S 2p1/2 orbitals 21, 22, 23, 24. Waɗannan kololuwar biyu suna cikin mahaɗan nickel sulfide.Matsakaicin kololuwa a 169.2 da 163.4 eV sune don reagent sodium sulfide.A kan fig.9f yana nuna babban bakan Ag 3d wanda 3d orbital absorption kololuwa na azurfa suna a 368.2 da 374.5 eV, bi da bi, kuma kololuwar sha biyu sun yi daidai da raƙuman sha na Ag 3d5/2 da Ag 3d3/212, 13 ba a cikin waɗannan wurare guda biyu na azurfa.Don haka, nanocomposites sun fi ƙunshi Ag, NiS da TiO2, wanda X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ya ƙaddara, wanda ya tabbatar da cewa nickel da azurfa sulfide nanoparticles sun sami nasarar haɗuwa a saman TiO2 nanowires.
A kan fig.10 yana nuna nau'ikan nunin UV-VIS na sabbin shirye-shiryen TiO2 nanowires, NiS/TiO2 nanocomposites, da Ag/NiS/TiO2 nanocomposites.Ana iya gani daga adadi cewa matakin sha na TiO2 nanowires ya kai kusan 390 nm, kuma hasken da aka ɗauka ya fi mayar da hankali ne a yankin ultraviolet.Ana iya gani daga adadi cewa bayan hadewar nickel da azurfa sulfide nanoparticles a kan saman titanium dioxide nanowires 21, 22, hasken da ke shayarwa yana yaduwa zuwa yankin hasken da ake iya gani.A lokaci guda kuma, nanocomposite ya ƙara haɓakar UV, wanda ke da alaƙa da kunkuntar band rata na nickel sulfide.kunkuntar ratar band, ƙananan shingen makamashi don canjin lantarki kuma mafi girman matakin amfani da haske.Bayan haɗa saman NiS/TiO2 tare da nanoparticles na azurfa, ƙarfin sha da tsayin haske bai ƙaru sosai ba, musamman saboda tasirin tasirin plasmon akan saman nanoparticles na azurfa.Matsakaicin tsayin daka na TiO2 nanowires baya inganta sosai idan aka kwatanta da kunkuntar tazarar bandejin nanoparticles NiS.A taƙaice, bayan haɗaɗɗun nickel sulfide da nanoparticles na azurfa a saman saman titanium dioxide nanowires, halayen ɗaukar haskensa sun inganta sosai, kuma ana ƙara kewayon ɗaukar haske daga ultraviolet zuwa haske mai gani, wanda ke haɓaka ƙimar amfani da nanowires titanium dioxide.haske wanda ke inganta ikon kayan don samar da photoelectrons.
UV/Vis mai yatsawar gani na sabon TiO2 nanowires, NiS/TiO2 nanocomposites, da Ag/NiS/TiO2 nanocomposites.
A kan fig.11 yana nuna tsarin juriya na lalata photochemical na Ag/NiS/TiO2 nanocomposites a ƙarƙashin haske mai haske.Dangane da yuwuwar rarraba nanoparticles na azurfa, nickel sulfide, da bandungiyar gudanarwa na titanium dioxide, ana ba da shawarar taswirar hanyar juriya na lalata.Saboda yiwuwar bandeji na nanosilver mara kyau idan aka kwatanta da nickel sulfide, kuma yuwuwar tasirin nickel sulfide mara kyau ne idan aka kwatanta da titanium dioxide, jagorar kwararar wutar lantarki kusan Ag→NiS→TiO2→304 bakin karfe.Lokacin da haske ya haskaka a saman nanocomposite, saboda tasirin tasirin plasmon na nanosilver, nanosilver zai iya samar da ramukan hoto da sauri da kuma electrons, kuma masu samar da lantarki suna motsawa da sauri daga matsayi na valence zuwa matsayi na bandeji saboda tashin hankali.Titanium dioxide da nickel sulfide.Tun da conductivity na azurfa nanoparticles ne mafi korau fiye da na nickel sulfide, electrons a cikin TS na azurfa nanoparticles suna da sauri tuba zuwa TS na nickel sulfide.Ƙarfin tafiyar da nickel sulfide ya fi na titanium dioxide mummunan rauni, don haka electrons na nickel sulfide da conductivity na azurfa suna taruwa cikin sauri a cikin CB na titanium dioxide.Abubuwan electrons da aka samar da su sun kai saman 304 bakin karfe ta hanyar matrix titanium, kuma wadatattun electrons suna shiga cikin tsarin rage oxygen na cathodic na bakin karfe 304.Wannan tsari yana rage tasirin cathodic kuma a lokaci guda yana hana haɓakar haɓakar anodic na 304 bakin karfe, ta haka ne ke fahimtar kariyar kariyar bakin karfe 304. Saboda samuwar filin lantarki na heterojunction a cikin Ag / NiS / TiO2 nanocomposite, ƙarfin gudanarwa na nanocomposite yana inganta tasirin nanocomposite mafi inganci. 04 bakin karfe.
Zane-zane na tsarin hana lalata na photoelectrochemical na Ag/NiS/TiO2 nanocomposites a cikin haske mai gani.
A cikin wannan aikin, nickel da azurfa sulfide nanoparticles an haɗa su a saman TiO2 nanowires ta hanyar nutsewa mai sauƙi da hanyar daukar hoto.An gudanar da jerin bincike kan kariyar katodic na Ag/NiS/TiO2 nanocomposites akan 304 bakin karfe.Bisa ga halaye na ilimin halittar jiki, nazarin abun da ke ciki da kuma nazarin abubuwan da ke tattare da hasken haske, an yi manyan shawarwari masu zuwa:
Tare da yawan hawan hawan ciki-deposition na nickel sulfide na 6 da taro na nitrate na azurfa don photoreduction na 0.1 mol / l, sakamakon Ag / NiS / TiO2 nanocomposites yana da mafi kyawun tasirin kariya na cathodic akan 304 bakin karfe.Idan aka kwatanta da cikakken calomel electrode, yuwuwar kariya ta kai -925 mV, kuma kariya ta halin yanzu ta kai 410 μA/cm2.
An kafa filin lantarki na heterojunction a Ag/NiS/TiO2 nanocomposite interface, wanda ke inganta ikon raba wutar lantarki da ramuka.A lokaci guda, ingantaccen amfani da hasken yana ƙaruwa kuma ana haɓaka kewayon ɗaukar haske daga yankin ultraviolet zuwa yankin da ake iya gani.Nanocomposite zai ci gaba da riƙe ainihin yanayinsa tare da kyakkyawan kwanciyar hankali bayan zagayowar 4.
Ag/NiS/TiO2 nanocomposites da aka shirya na gwaji suna da ɗaki ɗaya da ƙasa mai yawa.Nickel sulfide da nanoparticles na azurfa an haɗa su daidai a saman TiO2 nanowires.Haɗin cobalt ferrite da nanoparticles na azurfa suna da babban tsarki.
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