An ƙirƙiri sabon mahaɗar layi mai juyi na juyi musamman don biyan buƙatu masu tsauri na babban aikin ruwa chromatography (HPLC) da ultra high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC da UHPLC).Cakuda mara kyau na matakai biyu ko fiye na wayar hannu na iya haifar da mafi girman sigina-zuwa amo, wanda ke rage hankali.Daidaitaccen haɗe-haɗe na ruwa biyu ko fiye tare da ƙaramar ƙarar ciki da ma'aunin jiki na mahaɗar tsaye yana wakiltar mafi girman ma'auni na ingantaccen mahaɗin mahaɗa.Sabuwar mahaɗin a tsaye ya cimma hakan ta hanyar amfani da sabuwar fasahar bugu ta 3D don ƙirƙirar keɓaɓɓen tsari na 3D wanda ke ba da ingantaccen haɗewar ruwa mai tsauri tare da raguwar mafi girman kaso a cikin igiyar ruwa mai tushe a kowace naúrar ciki na cakuduwar.Yin amfani da 1/3 na ƙarar ciki na mahaɗa na al'ada yana rage ainihin igiyoyin sine da 98%.Mai haɗawa ya ƙunshi tashoshi masu gudana na 3D masu haɗin kai tare da sassa daban-daban na giciye da tsayin hanya yayin da ruwan ya ratsa hadadden geometries na 3D.Haɗuwa tare da hanyoyi masu yawa masu raɗaɗi, haɗe tare da tashin hankali na gida da eddies, yana haifar da haɗuwa a micro, meso da macro.An ƙirƙira wannan mahaɗa ta musamman ta amfani da simintin ƙididdiga na ruwa mai ƙarfi (CFD).Bayanan gwajin da aka gabatar sun nuna cewa ana samun kyakkyawar haɗuwa tare da ƙaramin ƙarar ciki.
Fiye da shekaru 30, ana amfani da chromatography na ruwa a masana'antu da yawa, ciki har da magunguna, magungunan kashe qwari, kariyar muhalli, bincike-bincike, da nazarin sinadarai.Ƙarfin aunawa zuwa sassa a kowace miliyan ko ƙasa da haka yana da mahimmanci ga ci gaban fasaha a kowace masana'antu.Rashin haɓakar haɗakarwa yana haifar da ƙarancin sigina-zuwa-amo rabo, wanda shine ɓacin rai ga al'ummar chromatography dangane da iyakokin ganowa da hankali.A lokacin da ake hadawa guda biyu na HPLC, wani lokaci yakan zama dole a tilasta yin cakuduwa ta hanyar waje don yin kamanceceniya da kaushi biyu saboda wasu kaushi ba sa cakuduwa da kyau.Idan ba'a gauraye masu kaushi sosai ba, lalatawar chromatogram na HPLC na iya faruwa, yana bayyana kanta azaman ƙaramar ƙaranci da/ko siffa mara kyau.Tare da ƙarancin haɗuwa, ƙarar tushe za ta bayyana azaman igiyar ruwa (tashi da faɗuwa) na siginar ganowa akan lokaci.A lokaci guda, ƙarancin haɗawa zai iya haifar da faɗaɗawa da kololuwar asymmetric, rage aikin nazari, siffar kololuwa, da ƙuduri kololuwa.Masana'antar ta gane cewa in-line da tee static mixers hanya ce ta inganta waɗannan iyakoki da kyale masu amfani su cimma ƙananan iyakoki (hankali).Madaidaicin mahaɗin mahaɗin yana haɗa fa'idodin haɓakar haɓakar haɓakawa, ƙaramin mataccen ƙarar da ƙarancin matsa lamba tare da ƙaramar ƙarar da matsakaicin tsarin kayan aiki.Bugu da ƙari, yayin da bincike ya zama mai rikitarwa, dole ne masu bincike su yi amfani da kullun polar da wuyar haɗuwa.Wannan yana nufin mafi kyawun haɗawa dole ne don gwaji na gaba, ƙara haɓaka buƙatar ƙirar mahaɗa mafi girma da aiki.
Mott kwanan nan ya haɓaka sabon kewayon ƙwararrun masu haɗin layi na PerfectPeakTM tare da juzu'i uku na ciki: 30 µl, 60 µl da 90 µl.Waɗannan masu girma dabam suna rufe kewayon ƙira da halayen haɗaɗɗiyar da ake buƙata don yawancin gwaje-gwajen HPLC inda ake buƙatar ingantattun haɗawa da ƙananan watsawa.Duk nau'ikan guda uku suna da diamita 0.5 ″ kuma suna ba da aikin jagoranci na masana'antu a cikin ƙaramin ƙira.An yi su ne da bakin karfe 316L, wanda aka yi amfani da shi don rashin aiki, amma titanium da sauran juriya na lalata da sinadarai masu ƙarancin ƙarfe suna kuma samuwa.Waɗannan mahaɗaɗɗen suna da matsakaicin matsa lamba na aiki har zuwa psi 20,000.A kan fig.1a hoto ne na 60 µl Mott static mixer wanda aka ƙera don samar da iyakar haɗaɗɗen haɓaka yayin amfani da ƙaramin ƙarar ciki fiye da daidaitattun mahaɗan irin wannan.Wannan sabon ƙirar mahaɗa mai juzu'i yana amfani da sabon fasahar masana'anta don ƙirƙirar keɓaɓɓen tsari na 3D wanda ke amfani da ƙarancin kwararar ciki fiye da kowane mahaɗa a halin yanzu da ake amfani da shi a cikin masana'antar chromatography don cimma gauraya a tsaye.Irin waɗannan mahaɗaɗɗen sun ƙunshi tashoshi masu raɗaɗi masu girma uku masu haɗin kai tare da sassa daban-daban na ɓangarori daban-daban da tsayin hanyoyi daban-daban yayin da ruwa ya ketare shingen geometric masu rikitarwa a ciki.A kan fig.Hoto 1b yana nuna zane-zane na sabon mahaɗin, wanda ke amfani da daidaitattun masana'antu 10-32 threaded HPLC matsawa kayan aiki don shigarwa da fitarwa, kuma yana da inuwa shuɗi na tashar mahaɗar ciki mai haƙƙin mallaka.Daban-daban na sassan ƙetare na hanyoyi masu gudana na ciki da kuma canje-canje a cikin jagorancin gudana a cikin ƙarar motsi na ciki suna haifar da yankuna masu tasowa da laminar, suna haifar da haɗuwa a micro, meso da macro.Zane na wannan mahaɗin na musamman ya yi amfani da simintin simintin ƙididdiga na ruwa mai ƙarfi (CFD) don nazarin tsarin kwarara da kuma daidaita ƙira kafin yin samfuri don gwajin nazari na cikin gida da kimanta filin abokin ciniki.Ƙarfafa masana'antu shine aiwatar da bugu na kayan aikin geometric na 3D kai tsaye daga zane-zane na CAD ba tare da buƙatar mashin ɗin gargajiya ba (injunan niƙa, lathes, da sauransu).An tsara waɗannan sabbin na'urorin haɗe-haɗe don kera su ta amfani da wannan tsari, inda aka ƙirƙiri jikin mahaɗin daga zanen CAD kuma an ƙera sassan (buga) Layer ta Layer ta amfani da ƙari.Anan, an ajiye wani Layer na foda mai kauri kusan microns 20, kuma Laser mai sarrafa na'urar kwamfuta yana narke kuma ya harba foda zuwa wani tsari mai inganci.Aiwatar da wani Layer a saman wannan Layer kuma a shafa Laser sintering.Maimaita wannan tsari har sai an gama sashin gaba daya.Ana cire foda daga ɓangaren da ba na laser ba, yana barin ɓangaren 3D da aka buga wanda ya dace da ainihin zane na CAD.Samfurin ƙarshe ya ɗan yi kama da tsarin microfluidic, tare da babban bambanci shine cewa abubuwan microfluidic yawanci nau'i biyu ne (lebur), yayin amfani da ƙari na masana'anta, za a iya ƙirƙira sifofin kwarara masu rikitarwa a cikin lissafi mai girma uku.Wadannan faucets suna samuwa a halin yanzu azaman 3D bugu sassa a 316L bakin karfe da titanium.Yawancin alluran ƙarfe, polymers da wasu yumbu za a iya amfani da su don yin abubuwan haɗin gwiwa ta amfani da wannan hanyar kuma za a yi la'akari da su a cikin ƙira/samfuran gaba.
Shinkafa1. Hoto (a) da zane (b) na 90 μl Mott static mixer wanda ke nuna ɓangaren giciye na hanyar kwarara ruwan mahaɗar da aka shaɗe da shuɗi.
Gudanar da kwatancen ƙididdiga na ruwa mai ƙarfi (CFD) na aikin mahaɗa a tsaye yayin lokacin ƙira don taimakawa haɓaka ƙira mai inganci da rage cin lokaci da gwaje-gwajen gwaji-da-kuskure masu tsada.Kwaikwayon CFD na masu haɗawa da madaidaitan bututu (no-mixer simulation) ta amfani da fakitin software na COMSOL Multiphysics.Samfura ta amfani da injiniyoyin ruwa mai matsa lamba don fahimtar saurin ruwa da matsa lamba a cikin sashe.Wannan sauye-sauyen ruwa, haɗe da jigilar sinadarai na mahadi na zamani na hannu, yana taimakawa wajen fahimtar haɗe-haɗe na ruwaye daban-daban guda biyu.Ana nazarin samfurin a matsayin aikin lokaci, daidai da daƙiƙa 10, don sauƙi na lissafi yayin neman mafita kwatankwacin.An samo bayanan ka'idar a cikin binciken da ya dace da lokaci ta hanyar amfani da kayan aikin bincike na ma'ana, inda aka zaɓi wani batu a tsakiyar hanyar fita don tattara bayanai.Samfurin CFD da gwaje-gwajen gwaji sun yi amfani da kaushi daban-daban guda biyu ta hanyar daidaitaccen bawul ɗin samfur da tsarin famfo, wanda ya haifar da filogi mai sauyawa ga kowane sauran ƙarfi a cikin layin samfur.Ana gauraya waɗannan kaushi a cikin mahaɗin da bai dace ba.Hoto na 2 da 3 suna nuna kwaikwaiyo masu gudana ta hanyar daidaitaccen bututu (babu mahautsini) kuma ta hanyar mahaɗin Mott a tsaye, bi da bi.An gudanar da simintin a kan madaidaiciyar bututu mai tsayi 5 cm tsayi da ID na 0.25 mm don nuna ma'anar madaidaicin matosai na ruwa da tsantsa acetonitrile a cikin bututu idan babu mahaɗa mai mahimmanci, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Hoto na 2. Simulation yayi amfani da madaidaicin girman bututu da mahaɗa da madaidaicin ƙimar 0.3 ml / min.
Shinkafa2. Kwaikwayo na CFD kwarara a cikin wani 5 cm tube tare da ciki diamita na 0.25 mm don wakiltar abin da ya faru a cikin wani HPLC tube, watau in babu mahautsini.Cikakken ja yana wakiltar yawan juzu'in ruwa.Blue yana wakiltar rashin ruwa, watau tsarki acetonitrile.Ana iya ganin yankuna masu yaduwa tsakanin madaidaicin matosai na ruwa guda biyu daban-daban.
Shinkafa3. Mai haɗawa a tsaye tare da ƙarar 30 ml, wanda aka tsara a cikin kunshin software na COMSOL CFD.Labarin yana wakiltar yawan juzu'in ruwa a cikin mahaɗin.Ana nuna ruwa mai tsafta a ja da tsantsar acetonitrile cikin shudi.Canjin juzu'in juzu'in ruwan da aka kwaikwayi yana wakilta ta canjin launi na haɗuwa da ruwa biyu.
A kan fig.4 yana nuna ingantaccen binciken ƙirar haɗin gwiwa tsakanin haɓakar haɓakawa da haɗakarwa.Yayin da ƙarar haɗuwa ke ƙaruwa, haɓakar haɗakarwa zai ƙaru.Ga ilimin marubuta, sauran hadaddun rundunonin jiki da ke aiki a cikin mahaɗin ba za a iya ƙididdige su a cikin wannan ƙirar CFD ba, yana haifar da ingantaccen haɗaɗɗen haɓakawa a cikin gwaje-gwajen gwaji.An auna ingancin hadawa na gwaji azaman raguwar kashi a cikin tushen sinusoid.Bugu da ƙari, ƙara yawan matsa lamba na baya yawanci yana haifar da matakan haɗuwa mafi girma, waɗanda ba a la'akari da su a cikin simintin.
An yi amfani da waɗannan sharuɗɗan HPLC masu zuwa da saitin gwaji don auna raƙuman raƙuman ruwa don kwatanta aikin dangi na mahaɗa daban-daban.Hoton hoto na 5 yana nuna tsarin tsarin HPLC/UHPLC na yau da kullun.An gwada mahaɗin a tsaye ta hanyar sanya mahaɗin kai tsaye bayan famfo kuma kafin ginshiƙin injector da rabuwa.Yawancin ma'auni na sinusoidal na baya ana yin su ta ƙetare ginshiƙin injector da capillary tsakanin mahaɗa mai tsaye da mai gano UV.Lokacin kimanta rabon siginar-zuwa-amo da/ko nazarin sifar kololuwa, ana nuna tsarin tsarin a hoto na 5.
Hoto 4. Makirci na ingantaccen haɗawa tare da ƙarar haɗawa don kewayon mahaɗa masu tsaye.Rashin ƙazanta na ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙazanta ne na gwaji da ke tabbatar da ingancin simintin CFD.
Tsarin HPLC da aka yi amfani da shi don wannan gwajin shine Agilent 1100 Series HPLC tare da mai gano UV wanda PC ke sarrafa software na Chemstation.Tebur 1 yana nuna yanayin daidaitawa na yau da kullun don auna ingancin mahaɗa ta hanyar sa ido kan sinusoids na asali a cikin binciken yanayi guda biyu.An gudanar da gwaje-gwajen gwaji a kan misalan guda biyu daban-daban na kaushi.Abubuwan kaushi guda biyu sun gauraya idan 1 sun kasance mai ƙarfi A (20 mM ammonium acetate a cikin ruwa mai narkewa) da sauran ƙarfi B (80% acetonitrile (ACN) / 20% ruwan deionized).A cikin Case 2, sauran ƙarfi A shine maganin 0.05% acetone (lakabin) a cikin ruwan da aka cire.Maganin B shine cakuda 80/20% methanol da ruwa.A cikin akwati na 1, an saita famfo zuwa ƙimar 0.25 ml / min zuwa 1.0 ml / min, kuma a cikin yanayin 2, an saita famfo zuwa matsakaicin adadin 1 ml / min.A cikin duka biyun, rabon cakuda abubuwan kaushi A da B shine 20% A/80% B. An saita mai ganowa zuwa 220 nm a yanayin 1, kuma matsakaicin ɗaukar acetone idan 2 an saita zuwa tsayin 265 nm.
Tebur 1. Tsarin HPLC na Cases 1 da 2 Case 1 Case 2 Gudun Pump Speed ​​​​0.25 ml/min zuwa 1.0 ml/min 1.0 ml/min Narke A 20 mM ammonium acetate a cikin ruwa mai narkewa 0.05% Acetone a cikin ruwa mai narkewa Narkewar B 80% ACN00% deionized ruwa / 80% deionized ruwa Rabon ruwa mai narkewa 20% A / 80% B 20% A / 80% B Mai ganowa 220 nm 265 nm
Shinkafa6. Filayen raƙuman ruwa mai gauraya da aka auna kafin da bayan amfani da matatar mai ƙarancin wucewa don cire abubuwan ɓacin rai na siginar.
Hoto na 6 misali ne na haɗe-haɗe na hayaniyar tushe a cikin Case 1, wanda aka nuna azaman madaidaicin tsarin sinusoidal wanda aka ɗora akan tuƙi na asali.Matsala ta asali shine jinkirin karuwa ko raguwa a siginar bango.Idan tsarin ba a yarda ya daidaita tsayin daka ba, yawanci zai faɗi, amma zai yi tafiya ta hanyar kuskure ko da tsarin ya tsaya tsayin daka.Wannan ƙwanƙwasa na asali yana ƙoƙarin haɓaka lokacin da tsarin ke aiki a cikin tudu mai zurfi ko yanayin matsa lamba na baya.Lokacin da wannan ƙwanƙwasa ta asali ta kasance, yana iya zama da wahala a kwatanta sakamako daga samfurin zuwa samfurin, wanda za'a iya shawo kan ta ta hanyar yin amfani da matattara mai ƙarancin wucewa zuwa danyen bayanan don tace waɗannan ƙananan ƙananan bambance-bambancen, ta haka ne samar da makircin oscillation tare da madaidaicin tushe.A kan fig.Hoto na 6 kuma yana nuna wani yanki na amo na tushen mahaɗar bayan yin amfani da matattarar ƙarancin wucewa.
Bayan kammala kwaikwaiyon CFD da gwajin gwaji na farko, daga baya aka ɓullo da mahaɗa daban-daban ta amfani da abubuwan ciki da aka kwatanta a sama tare da juzu'i uku na ciki: 30 µl, 60 µl da 90 µl.Wannan kewayon ya ƙunshi kewayon juzu'i da aikin haɗakarwa da ake buƙata don ƙananan analyte HPLC aikace-aikacen inda ake buƙatar ingantaccen haɗawa da ƙananan watsawa don samar da ƙananan ƙayyadaddun tushe.A kan fig.7 yana nuna ma'auni na asali na sine da aka samu akan tsarin gwaji na Misali 1 (acetonitrile da ammonium acetate a matsayin masu ganowa) tare da juzu'i uku na masu haɗawa a tsaye kuma ba a shigar da masu haɗawa ba.Yanayin gwaji na gwaji don sakamakon da aka nuna a cikin Hoto 7 an gudanar da shi akai-akai a duk duk gwaje-gwajen 4 bisa ga tsarin da aka tsara a cikin Tebu 1 a ƙimar ƙaura na 0.5 ml/min.Aiwatar da ƙimar kashewa zuwa saitunan bayanan don a iya nuna su gefe da gefe ba tare da sigina ta zoba.Ragewa baya shafar girman siginar da aka yi amfani da ita don yin hukunci akan matakin aiki na mahaɗin.Matsakaicin girman sinusoidal ba tare da mahautsini ba shine 0.221 mAi, yayin da amplitudes na static Mott mixers a 30 µl, 60 µl, da 90 µl sun ragu zuwa 0.077, 0.017, da 0.004 mAi, bi da bi.
Hoto 7. HPLC UV Detector Signal Offset vs. Time for Case 1 (acetonitrile tare da ammonium acetate nuna alama) nuna ƙarfi hadawa ba tare da mahautsini, 30 µl, 60 µl da 90 µl Mott mixers nuna inganta hadawa (ƙananan siginar amplitude) kamar yadda girma na a tsaye mahautsini ƙara.(ainihin bayanan bayanan: 0.13 (babu mai haɗawa), 0.32, 0.4, 0.45mA don mafi kyawun nuni).
Bayanan da aka nuna a cikin fig.8 daidai suke da a cikin siffa 7, amma wannan lokacin sun haɗa da sakamakon na'urorin haɗe-haɗe na HPLC guda uku da aka saba amfani da su tare da kundin ciki na 50 µl, 150 µl da 250 µl.ShinkafaHoto 8. HPLC UV Detector Signal Offset tare da Lokaci na Lokaci don Case 1 (Acetonitrile da Ammonium Acetate a matsayin masu nuna alama) suna nuna haɗuwa da sauran ƙarfi ba tare da mahaɗin da ke tsaye ba, sabon jerin Mott static mixers, da kuma mahaɗar al'ada guda uku (ainihin bayanan bayanan shine 0.1 (ba tare da mahaɗin ba), 0.482, 0.7 m, 0.48, 0.72, 0.48, 0.7. A bi da bi don mafi kyawun tasirin nuni).Ana ƙididdige yawan raguwar raƙuman raƙuman tushe ta hanyar rabon girman girman igiyoyin sine zuwa girman ba tare da shigar da mahautsini ba.Ƙididdigar ƙididdige ƙididdiga na sine wave na shari'o'i 1 da 2 an jera su a cikin Tebura 2, tare da ɗigon ciki na sabon mahaɗa mai tsayi da daidaitattun mahaɗa guda bakwai waɗanda aka saba amfani da su a cikin masana'antar.Bayanan da ke cikin Figures 8 da 9, da kuma lissafin da aka gabatar a cikin Table 2, sun nuna cewa Mott Static Mixer na iya samar da har zuwa 98.1% sine wave attenuation, wanda ya wuce aikin mahaɗin HPLC na al'ada a ƙarƙashin waɗannan yanayin gwaji.Hoto 9. HPLC UV gano siginar diyya tare da makircin lokaci don shari'ar 2 (methanol da acetone a matsayin masu ganowa) da ke nuna babu mai haɗawa (hade), sabon jerin Mott static mixers da biyu na al'ada mixers (ainihin bayanan bayanan 0, 11 (ba tare da mahaɗin ba.), 0.22, 0.3, 0.35 nuni).An kuma tantance mahaɗa bakwai da aka saba amfani da su a masana'antar.Waɗannan sun haɗa da masu haɗawa tare da kundin ciki daban-daban guda uku daga kamfanin A (wanda aka zaɓa Mixer A1, A2 da A3) da kamfanin B (wanda aka zaɓa Mixer B1, B2 da B3).Kamfanin C ya ƙididdige girma ɗaya kawai.
Tebura 2. Halayen Haɗaɗɗen Haɗaɗɗen Juya Hali da Ƙarfin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙaƙwalwar Sinusoidal: Gwajin Acetonitrile (Ingantacce) Case 2 Farfadowar Sinusoidal: Gwajin Ruwan Methanol (Ingantacce) Ƙarfin Ciki (µl) Babu Mixer - - 0 Mott 30.2 65% 30.2% 60 Mott 90 98.1% 97.5% 90 Mixer A1 66.4% 73.7% 50 Mixer A2 89.8% 91.6% 150 Mixer A3 92.2% 94.5% 250 Mixer B1 44.8% 250 74.5 B1 44.8% Mixer C 97.2% 97.4% 250
Binciken sakamakon da ke cikin Hoto 8 da Tebu 2 ya nuna cewa 30 µl Mott static mixer yana da inganci iri ɗaya da mahaɗin A1, watau 50 µl, duk da haka, 30 µl Mott yana da 30% ƙasa da ƙarar ciki.Lokacin kwatanta 60 µl Mott mahautsini tare da 150 µl na ciki ƙarar A2 mahaɗin, an sami ɗan ƙaramin ci gaba a haɗewar haɓakar 92% zuwa 89%, amma mafi mahimmanci, an sami wannan babban matakin haɗuwa a 1/3 na ƙarar mahaɗin.irin mahautsini A2.Ayyukan 90 µl Mott mahaɗin ya bi irin wannan yanayin da mahaɗin A3 tare da ƙarar ciki na 250 µl.An kuma lura da haɓaka ayyukan haɗaɗɗiyar 98% da 92% tare da rage sau 3 a cikin ƙarar ciki.Irin wannan sakamako da kwatancen da aka samu ga mixers B da C. A sakamakon haka, da sabon jerin static mixers Mott PerfectPeak TM samar da mafi girma hadawa yadda ya dace fiye da kwatankwacin gasa mahautsini, amma tare da kasa da ciki girma, samar da mafi kyau bango amo da kuma mafi kyau sigina-zuwa amo rabo, mafi sensitivity Analyte, ganiya siffar da kololuwa ƙuduri.An lura da ire-iren ire-iren abubuwan da suka dace na haɗakarwa a cikin duka binciken Case 1 da Case 2.Don Case 2, an yi gwaje-gwaje ta amfani da (methanol da acetone azaman masu nuna alama) don kwatanta haɓakar haɗewar 60 ml Mott, mai kwatankwacin mahaɗin A1 (ƙarar ciki 50 µl) da mahaɗar kwatankwacin B1 (ƙarar ciki 35 µl)., aikin ba shi da kyau ba tare da shigar da mahautsini ba, amma an yi amfani dashi don bincike na asali.60 ml Mott mahaɗin ya tabbatar da zama mafi kyawun mahaɗa a cikin rukunin gwaji, yana samar da haɓakar 90% na ingantaccen hadawa.Mai kwatankwacin Mixer A1 ya ga haɓaka 75% a ingantaccen haɗaɗɗen haɗaɗɗiyar haɓakawa tare da haɓaka 45% a cikin kwatankwacin mahaɗin B1.An gudanar da gwajin rage raƙuman sine na asali tare da adadin kwararar ruwa akan jerin mahaɗa a ƙarƙashin yanayi iri ɗaya da gwajin sine curve a cikin Case 1, tare da canjin kwararar kawai.Bayanan sun nuna cewa a cikin kewayon ɗimbin kwarara daga 0.25 zuwa 1 ml/min, raguwar farko a cikin igiyoyin sine ya kasance dawwama ga duk juzu'in mahaɗa guda uku.Don ƙananan ƙananan mahaɗar ƙararrawa guda biyu, akwai ƙaramin haɓakar haɓakar sinusoidal yayin da adadin kwarara ya ragu, wanda ake sa ran saboda ƙarar lokacin zama na ƙamshi a cikin mahaɗin, yana ba da damar haɓakar haɓakar haɓakawa.Ana sa ran raguwar igiyoyin sine zai karu yayin da kwararar ke raguwa.Koyaya, don ƙarar mahaɗa mafi girma tare da mafi girman sine kalaman tushe attenuation, sine wave tushe attenuation ya kasance kusan ba canzawa (a cikin kewayon rashin tabbas na gwaji), tare da ƙima daga 95% zuwa 98%.Shinkafa10. Ƙaddamar da asali na sine wave tare da yawan ruwa a cikin yanayin 1. An gudanar da gwajin a ƙarƙashin yanayin da aka yi kama da gwajin sine tare da ma'auni mai mahimmanci, allurar 80% na 80/20 cakuda acetonitrile da ruwa da 20% na 20 mM ammonium acetate.
Sabuwar haɓakar kewayon ƙwararrun madaidaicin layi na PerfectPeakTM mai haɗaɗɗen layi mai juzu'i uku: 30 µl, 60 µl da 90 µl yana rufe ƙarar da kewayon aikin haɗawa da ake buƙata don yawancin nazarin HPLC da ke buƙatar ingantaccen haɗawa da ƙananan benaye tarwatsewa.Sabuwar mahaɗar a tsaye ta cimma wannan ta hanyar amfani da sabuwar fasahar bugu ta 3D don ƙirƙirar keɓaɓɓen tsari na 3D wanda ke ba da ingantattun haɗe-haɗe na hydrodynamic tare da raguwa mafi girma a cikin sautin tushe a kowace juzu'in naúrar cakuduwar ciki.Yin amfani da 1/3 na ƙarar ciki na mahaɗa na al'ada yana rage ƙarar tushe da 98%.Irin waɗannan mahaɗaɗɗen sun ƙunshi tashoshi masu raɗaɗi masu girma uku masu haɗin kai tare da sassa daban-daban na ɓangarori daban-daban da tsayin hanyoyi daban-daban yayin da ruwa ya ketare shingen geometric masu rikitarwa a ciki.Sabuwar iyali na masu haɗawa a tsaye suna ba da ingantacciyar aiki akan mahaɗar gasa, amma tare da ƙarancin ƙarar ciki, yana haifar da mafi kyawun sigina-zuwa amo da ƙarancin ƙididdige ƙididdigewa, gami da ingantaccen siffa mafi girma, inganci da ƙuduri don mafi girman hankali.
A cikin wannan fitowar Chromatography - Abokan Muhalli RP-HPLC - Amfani da chromatography na harsashi don maye gurbin acetonitrile tare da isopropanol a cikin bincike da tsarkakewa - Sabon chromatograph gas don…
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