Lokacin zayyana tsarin bututun matsa lamba, injiniyan zayyana sau da yawa zai ƙayyade cewa tsarin bututun ya kamata ya dace da ɗaya ko fiye da sassan ASME B31 Matsakaicin Bututun Bututu. Ta yaya injiniyoyi suke bin ka'idodin lambar daidai lokacin zayyana tsarin bututu?
Na farko, dole ne injiniyan injiniya ya ƙayyade wane ƙayyadaddun ƙira ya kamata a zaɓa.Don tsarin bututun matsa lamba, wannan ba lallai ba ne ya iyakance ga ASME B31. Sauran lambobin da ASME, ANSI, NFPA, ko wasu ƙungiyoyin mulki za a iya gudanar da su ta wurin aikin aiki, aikace-aikace, da dai sauransu A cikin ASME B31, a halin yanzu akwai sassa bakwai daban-daban a tasiri.
ASME B31.1 Electrical Piping: Wannan sashe yana rufe bututun wuta a tashoshin wutar lantarki, masana'antu da masana'antu, tsarin dumama bututun ƙasa, da tsarin dumama da kuma sanyaya na tsakiya da gundumomi.Wannan ya haɗa da bututu na waje da na waje waɗanda ba a tukunyar tukunyar jirgi da ake amfani da su don shigar da Sashe na Na'ura mai ba da wutar lantarki na ASME. 1.3 na ASME B31.1. Asalin ASME B31.1 za a iya gano shi tun cikin 1920s, tare da bugu na farko da aka buga a 1935. Lura cewa bugu na farko, gami da abubuwan da suka shafi, bai wuce shafuka 30 ba, kuma bugu na yanzu ya wuce shafuka 300.
ASME B31.3 Tsari Bututu: Wannan sashe ya shafi bututun mai a matatun mai;sunadarai, Pharmaceutical, Yadi, takarda, semiconductor, da kuma shuke-shuke cryogenic;Wannan sashe yana da kama da ASME B31.1, musamman ma lokacin da ake ƙididdige mafi ƙarancin kauri na bango don madaidaiciyar bututu. Wannan sashe asalin wani ɓangare ne na B31.1 kuma an fara fitar da shi daban a cikin 1959.
ASME B31.4 Tsarin Sufuri na Bututu don Ruwa da Ruwa: Wannan sashe yana rufe bututun da ke jigilar samfuran ruwa da farko tsakanin tsire-tsire da tashoshi, kuma a cikin tashoshi, famfo, kwandishan, da tashoshi na awo. Wannan sashe na asali wani ɓangare ne na B31.1 kuma an fara fitar dashi daban a cikin 1959.
ASME B31.5 Na'ura mai sanyaya bututu da Canja wurin zafi: Wannan sashe yana rufe bututu don refrigerants da na'urorin sanyaya na biyu.Wannan ɓangaren asalin ɓangaren B31.1 ne kuma an fara fitar dashi daban a cikin 1962.
ASME B31.8 Isar Gas da Tsarin Rarraba Bututu: Wannan ya haɗa da bututu don jigilar kayan gas na farko tsakanin tushe da tashoshi, gami da compressors, kwandishan da tashoshi masu aunawa;da kuma tara bututun iskar gas.Wannan sashe asalin sashe ne na B31.1 kuma an fara fitar dashi daban a 1955.
ASME B31.9 Bututun Sabis na Gina: Wannan sashe yana rufe bututun da ake samu a masana'antu, hukumomi, kasuwanci, da gine-ginen jama'a;da kuma gidaje masu yawa waɗanda ba sa buƙatar girman, matsa lamba, da yanayin zafin jiki da aka rufe a cikin ASME B31.1. Wannan sashe yana kama da ASME B31.1 da B31.3, amma ba shi da ra'ayin mazan jiya (musamman lokacin ƙididdige ƙananan kauri na bango) kuma yana ƙunshe da ƙananan ƙira.
ASME B31.12 Hydrogen Piping and Piping: Wannan sashe ya kunshi bututun ruwa a sabis na iskar gas da ruwa, da kuma bututun iskar gas. An fara buga wannan sashe a cikin 2008.
Wace lambar ƙira ya kamata a yi amfani da ita ita ce mai shi. Gabatarwar ASME B31 ta ce, "Haƙƙin mai shi ne ya zaɓi sashin lambar wanda ya fi kusantar shigarwar bututun da aka tsara."A wasu lokuta, "ɓangarorin lambobi da yawa na iya amfani da sassa daban-daban na shigarwa."
Buga na 2012 na ASME B31.1 zai zama babban mahimmanci don tattaunawa na gaba. Manufar wannan labarin shine don jagorantar injiniyan zane ta hanyar wasu matakai masu mahimmanci na tsara tsarin bututu na ASME B31 mai yarda da matsa lamba na ASME B31. Bi ka'idodin ASME B31.1 yana ba da kyakkyawan wakilci na tsarin tsarin gabaɗaya.Kamar yadda ake amfani da tsarin zane na B31. 1 ana amfani dashi a cikin aikace-aikacen kunkuntar, da farko don takamaiman tsarin ko aikace-aikace, kuma ba za a tattauna gaba ba.Yayin da za a yi la'akari da matakai masu mahimmanci a cikin tsarin ƙira a nan, wannan tattaunawa ba ta ƙare ba kuma ya kamata a yi la'akari da cikakkiyar lambar ko da yaushe a lokacin tsara tsarin.
Bayan zaɓar madaidaicin lambar, mai tsara tsarin dole ne ya sake nazarin duk wani ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun tsarin ƙira.Saki na 122 (Sashe na 6) yana ba da buƙatun ƙira da suka danganci tsarin da aka saba samu a aikace-aikacen bututun lantarki, irin su tururi, ruwa mai shayarwa, busawa da busa, bututun kayan aiki, da tsarin taimako na matsin lamba.ASME B31.3 ya ƙunshi sakin layi iri ɗaya zuwa ASME B31.1.3 yana ƙunshe da sakin layi iri ɗaya zuwa tsarin ASME B31.1. Abubuwan buƙatu, da kuma iyakoki daban-daban waɗanda aka keɓance tsakanin injin tukunyar jirgi, bututun na waje, da bututun da ba na tukunyar jirgi na waje ba da aka haɗa zuwa sashin ASME I bututun tukunyar jirgi.ma'anar.Hoto na 2 yana nuna waɗannan iyakoki na tukunyar jirgi.
Dole ne mai tsara tsarin ya ƙayyade matsa lamba da zafin jiki wanda tsarin zai yi aiki da yanayin da ya kamata a tsara tsarin don saduwa.
Dangane da sakin layi na 101.2, matsa lamba na ƙirar ciki ba zai zama ƙasa da matsakaicin matsakaicin ci gaba da aiki (MSOP) a cikin tsarin bututu ba, gami da tasirin kai tsaye. Za a tsara bututun da aka yiwa matsin lamba na waje don matsakaicin matsakaicin matsa lamba da ake tsammanin a ƙarƙashin aiki, rufewa ko yanayin gwaji. Bugu da ƙari, ana buƙatar yin la’akari da tasirin muhalli.A cewar sakin layi na 101.4, idan bututun zai iya rage matsa lamba a cikin bututun da ke ƙasa, idan bututun zai iya rage matsa lamba a cikin bututun da ke ƙasa. a tsara don jure matsin lamba na waje ko kuma za a ɗauki matakan karya injin. A cikin yanayi inda faɗaɗa ruwa zai iya ƙara matsa lamba, ya kamata a tsara tsarin bututu don jure matsanancin matsin lamba ko yakamata a ɗauki matakan rage matsa lamba.
Da farko a cikin Sashe 101.3.2, da karfe zafin jiki don bututu zane zai zama wakilin da ake tsammani matsakaicin yanayin ci gaba.Domin sauki, shi ne kullum zaci cewa karfe zafin jiki ne daidai da ruwa zafin jiki.If so, da talakawan karfe zafin jiki za a iya amfani idan dai m bango zafin jiki da aka sani.Musamman hankali ya kamata kuma a biya ga ruwaye kõma ta hanyar zafin jiki kayan aiki ko daga combus yanayi da ake dauka a cikin zafin jiki kayan aiki ko daga combus yanayi.
Sau da yawa, masu zanen kaya suna ƙara haɓakar aminci zuwa matsakaicin matsa lamba na aiki da / ko zafin jiki. Girman gefen ya dogara da aikace-aikacen. Hakanan yana da mahimmanci a yi la'akari da ƙayyadaddun kayan aiki lokacin da aka ƙayyade yawan zafin jiki. Har zuwa 800 F. Tsawaita bayyanar da carbon karfe zuwa yanayin zafi sama da 800 F na iya haifar da bututu zuwa carbonize, yana sa shi ya fi raguwa kuma yana da wuyar gazawa.Idan yana aiki a sama da 800 F, ya kamata a yi la'akari da lalacewar da aka yi da sauri da ke hade da carbon karfe. Duba sakin layi na 124 don cikakken bayani game da iyakokin kayan aiki.
Wani lokaci injiniyoyi kuma na iya ƙayyade gwajin gwaji ga kowane tsarin.Saki na 137 yana ba da jagora kan gwajin damuwa. Yawanci, gwajin hydrostatic za a ƙayyade a sau 1.5 na matsa lamba na ƙira;duk da haka, damuwa na hoop da tsayin daka a cikin bututu ba zai wuce 90% na ƙarfin yawan amfanin ƙasa a cikin sakin layi na 102.3.3 (B) yayin gwajin matsa lamba. Ga wasu tsarin bututu na waje ba na tukunyar jirgi ba, gwajin yatsa na cikin sabis na iya zama hanyar da ta fi dacewa don bincika leaks saboda matsaloli a ware sassa na tsarin, ko kuma kawai saboda sauƙin tsarin saiti.An yarda, wannan abin karɓa ne.
Da zarar an kafa yanayin zane, ana iya ƙayyade bututun. Abu na farko da za a yanke shawara shi ne abin da za a yi amfani da shi. Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, kayan daban-daban suna da iyakokin zafin jiki daban-daban.Saki na 105 yana ba da ƙarin ƙuntatawa akan nau'in bututun daban-daban. Zaɓin material kuma ya dogara da tsarin tsarin ruwa, irin su nickel alloys a cikin aikace-aikacen sinadarai masu lalata, bakin karfe don hana iska mai tsabta kayan aiki, ko carbon karfe0 tare da babban chroma chroma. low Accelerated Corrosion (FAC) wani abu ne mai lalacewa / lalata wanda aka nuna ya haifar da raguwar bango mai tsanani da kuma gazawar bututu a cikin wasu tsarin tsarin bututu mai mahimmanci. Rashin yin la'akari da yadda za a yi la'akari da ƙananan kayan aikin famfo na iya kuma yana da sakamako mai tsanani, kamar a cikin 2007 lokacin da bututu mai zafi a KCP&L's IATAN, kashe ma'aikatan wutar lantarki mai tsanani da na uku.
Ƙididdigar 7 da Ƙimar 9 a cikin sakin layi na 104.1.1 sun ƙayyade ƙananan kauri na bango da ake buƙata da matsakaicin ƙira na ciki, bi da bi, don madaidaiciyar bututu da ke ƙarƙashin matsa lamba na ciki. Abubuwan da ke cikin waɗannan ma'auni sun haɗa da matsakaicin ƙyalli da aka yarda (daga Karin Bayani A), diamita na waje na bututu, kayan abu (kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Table 104.1.2), da duk wani ƙarin kauri da aka bayyana a ƙasa), da duk wani ƙarin kauri da aka bayyana (Wi) . Kayan bututun da suka dace, diamita na ƙididdiga, da kauri na bango na iya zama tsari mai jujjuyawa wanda kuma zai iya haɗawa da saurin ruwa, raguwar matsa lamba, da bututun da farashin famfo. Ko da kuwa aikace-aikacen, ƙaramin kauri na bangon da ake buƙata dole ne a tabbatar da shi.
Za'a iya ƙara ƙarin izini na kauri don ramawa don dalilai daban-daban ciki har da FAC. Ana iya buƙatar ba da izini saboda cire zaren, ramummuka, da dai sauransu kayan da ake buƙata don yin haɗin gwiwa na inji.A cewar sakin layi na 102.4.2, mafi ƙarancin izni zai zama daidai da zurfin zaren tare da haƙurin machining. Ana iya buƙatar izini don samar da ƙarin ƙarfi don hana lalacewar bututu, fashewar fashe ko faɗuwar fashe 1 da ke haifar da lalacewa ta bututun, ko faɗuwa da yawa. 02.4.4.Allowances kuma za a iya ƙara zuwa lissafi ga welded gidajen abinci (sakin layi na 102.4.3) da kuma gwiwar hannu (sakin layi 102.4.5)
Annex na zaɓi na zaɓi na IV yana ba da jagora akan sarrafa lalata.Kayan kariya masu kariya, kariya ta cathodic, da keɓancewar lantarki (kamar flanges masu rufewa) duk hanyoyin hana lalatawar waje na binne ko bututun da aka ruɗe.
Matsakaicin kauri na bangon bututu ko jadawalin da ake buƙata don ƙididdigewa na baya bazai zama dindindin ba a fadin bututun bututu kuma yana iya buƙatar ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun jadawalin jadawalin daban-daban don diamita daban-daban.An bayyana jadawalin da ya dace da ƙimar kauri na bango a cikin ASME B36.10 Welded and Seamless Forged Steel Pipe.
Lokacin ƙayyade bututun abu da yin lissafin da aka tattauna a baya, yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da cewa matsakaicin matsakaicin ƙimar danniya da aka yi amfani da su a cikin ƙididdiga sun dace da ƙayyadaddun kayan. Misali, idan A312 304L Bakin Karfe bututu ba daidai ba ne a matsayin A312 304 Bakin Karfe bututu, bangon kauri da aka bayar na iya zama kasa saboda gagarumin bambanci a cikin matsakaicin ƙimar bututun da ake iya samarwa. Misali, idan ana amfani da madaidaicin ƙimar ƙimar damuwa don bututu maras kyau don ƙididdigewa, ya kamata a ƙayyade bututu maras kyau.In ba haka ba, masana'anta / mai sakawa na iya ba da bututun welded, wanda zai iya haifar da ƙarancin kauri na bango saboda ƙananan ƙimar ƙimar damuwa.
Alal misali, ɗauka cewa zafin jiki na ƙirar bututun shine 300 F kuma matsa lamba na ƙirar shine 1,200 psig.2 "da 3" za a yi amfani da ƙarfe na ƙarfe (A53 Grade B maras kyau) waya.
Na gaba, ƙayyade matsakaicin ƙimar damuwa mai ƙyalli don A53 Grade B a yanayin yanayin ƙirar da ke sama daga Teburin A-1. Lura cewa ana amfani da ƙimar bututu mara nauyi saboda an ƙayyade bututu maras kyau:
Dole ne kuma a ƙara izinin kauri. Don wannan aikace-aikacen, 1/16 inch. Ana ɗaukar izinin lalata. Za'a ƙara juriyar juzu'i daban daga baya.
3 inci. Za a ƙayyade bututun farko. Yin la'akari da bututun Jadawalin 40 da haƙurin milling 12.5%, ƙididdige matsakaicin matsa lamba:
Jadawalin bututu na 40 yana da gamsarwa don inci 3.tube a cikin yanayin ƙirar da aka ƙayyade a sama.Na gaba, duba inci 2. Bututun yana amfani da zato iri ɗaya:
2 inci. A ƙarƙashin yanayin ƙirar da aka ƙayyade a sama, bututun zai buƙaci kauri bango fiye da Jadawalin 40. Gwada 2 inci. Jadawalin 80 Bututu:
Yayin da kaurin bangon bututu sau da yawa shine ƙayyadaddun abin ƙira a cikin ƙirar matsa lamba, har yanzu yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da cewa kayan aiki, abubuwan haɗin gwiwa da haɗin da aka yi amfani da su sun dace da ƙayyadaddun yanayin ƙira.
A matsayinka na gaba ɗaya, daidai da sakin layi na 104.2, 104.7.1, 106 da 107, duk bawuloli, kayan aiki da sauran abubuwan da ke ƙunshe da matsa lamba da aka ƙera zuwa ƙa'idodin da aka jera a cikin Tebu 126.1 za a yi la'akari da dacewa don amfani a ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki na yau da kullun ko ƙasa da waɗannan ƙa'idodin matsa lamba-zazzabi na yau da kullun da aka ayyana a cikin ma'auni na masana'anta. aiki fiye da waɗanda aka ƙayyade a cikin ASME B31.1, za a yi amfani da iyakacin iyaka.
A cikin hanyoyin haɗin bututu, tees, transverses, crosses, reshe welded haɗin gwiwa, da dai sauransu, ƙera zuwa ka'idojin da aka jera a cikin Table 126.1 ana ba da shawarar.
Don sauƙaƙe zane, mai zane zai iya zaɓar saita yanayin ƙira mafi girma don saduwa da ƙimar flange na wani nau'in matsa lamba (misali ASME aji 150, 300, da dai sauransu) kamar yadda aka ayyana ta aji-zazzabi don takamaiman kayan da aka ƙayyade a cikin ASME B16 .5 Bututu flanges da flange gidajen abinci, ko makamancin ma'auni da aka jera a cikin Table 126.1, ko makamancin ma'auni da aka jera a cikin Table 126.1 ba a yarda da kauri a cikin wannan kauri ba. .
Wani muhimmin sashi na ƙirar bututun yana tabbatar da cewa an kiyaye tsarin tsarin tsarin bututun da zarar an yi amfani da tasirin matsin lamba, zafin jiki da ƙarfin waje. Ana yin watsi da tsarin tsarin tsarin sau da yawa a cikin tsarin ƙira kuma, idan ba a yi shi da kyau ba, na iya zama ɗaya daga cikin mafi tsada sassan ƙirar.Tsarin daidaiton tsarin ana tattauna shi da farko a cikin wurare biyu da layin 104, sakin layi na 8. sion da sassauci.
Sakin layi na 104.8 ya lissafta mahimman ka'idojin lambar da aka yi amfani da su don tantance ko tsarin bututun ya wuce matakan da za a iya yarda da su.Waɗannan ƙididdigan lambobin ana kiran su da ɗaukar nauyi mai ci gaba, lodi na lokaci-lokaci, da ɗaukar nauyi na ƙaura. Load mai dorewa shine tasirin matsi da nauyi akan tsarin bututu. Abubuwan da ke faruwa suna ci gaba da ɗaukar nauyi tare da yuwuwar lodin iska, ɗaukar nauyi na ɗan gajeren lokaci. ba zai yi aiki a kan wasu nau'o'in abubuwan da suka faru ba a lokaci guda, don haka kowane nau'i mai mahimmanci zai zama nau'i mai nauyin nauyin nauyi a lokacin bincike. Ƙirar ƙaura shine sakamakon haɓakar zafi, ƙaurawar kayan aiki a lokacin aiki, ko duk wani nauyin motsi.
Sakin layi na 119 yayi magana game da yadda ake ɗaukar fadada bututu da sassauƙa a cikin tsarin bututu da yadda za a ƙayyade ɗaukar nauyi. Sauƙaƙan tsarin bututu sau da yawa mafi mahimmanci a cikin haɗin kayan aiki, kamar yadda yawancin haɗin kayan aiki na iya jure ƙarancin ƙarfin da lokacin da ake amfani da shi a wurin haɗin gwiwa.
Don saukar da sassauci na tsarin bututun kuma don tabbatar da cewa tsarin yana da goyon baya mai kyau, yana da kyakkyawan aiki don tallafawa bututun ƙarfe daidai da Table 121.5.Idan mai zane ya yi ƙoƙari ya sadu da ma'auni na goyon baya na wannan tebur, yana cika abubuwa uku: rage girman nauyin nauyin kai, rage nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyi, kuma yana ƙara yawan damuwa ga idan aka kwatanta da matsakaicin matsayi 1. fiye da 1/8 inch na kai-nauyin ƙaura ko sag.between da tube supports.Rana kai nauyi deflection taimaka rage da damar da condensation a cikin bututu dauke da tururi ko gas.Biyan da tazara shawarwari a cikin Table 121.5 kuma damar da zanen don rage ci danniya a cikin piping zuwa kamar 50% na code ta ci gaba da izni darajar, da damar da za a iya watsi da code ta Eccomer. Ayar da ke da alaƙa da ɗaukar nauyi mai ɗorewa.Saboda haka, ta hanyar rage nauyin dawwama, za a iya haɓaka jurewar matsuguni.An nuna tazarar da aka ba da shawarar don tallafin bututu a cikin hoto na 3.
Don taimakawa tabbatar da cewa bututu tsarin dauki lodi da ake da kyau la'akari da cewa code danniya an hadu, na kowa hanya ne don yin kwamfuta-taimaka bututu danniya bincike na system.There akwai da dama daban-daban bututun danniya bincike software kunshe-kunshe samuwa, irin su Bentley AutoPIPE, Intergraph Kaisar II, bututu Solutions Tri-Flex, ko daya daga cikin sauran kasuwanci samuwa kunshe-kunshe.The amfani da yin amfani da kwamfuta-taimaka bututun danniya bincike na system.There ne da dama daban-daban bututun danniya bincike software kunshe-kunshe samuwa, kamar Bentley AutoPIPE, Intergraph Kaisar II, bututu Solutions Tri-Flex, ko daya daga cikin sauran kasuwanci samuwa kunshe-kunshe. tabbatarwa da kuma ikon yin canje-canje masu mahimmanci ga daidaitawa.Hoto na 4 yana nuna misali na yin samfuri da kuma nazarin sashin bututun.
Lokacin zayyana sabon tsarin, masu ƙirƙira tsarin yawanci suna ƙayyadad da cewa duk bututu da kayan aikin yakamata a ƙirƙira, welded, haɗawa, da dai sauransu kamar yadda ake buƙata ta kowane lambar da ake amfani da su.Duk da haka, a cikin wasu gyare-gyare ko wasu aikace-aikacen, yana iya zama da amfani ga injiniyan da aka zaɓa ya ba da jagora kan wasu fasahohin masana'antu, kamar yadda aka bayyana a Babi na V.
Matsala ta yau da kullun da aka fuskanta a cikin aikace-aikacen sake dawowa shine weld preheat (sakin layi na 131) da kuma maganin zafi bayan-weld (sakin layi na 132) . Daga cikin sauran fa'idodin, ana amfani da waɗannan magungunan zafi don rage damuwa, hana fashewa, da haɓaka ƙarfin weld. Abubuwan da ke shafar pre-weld da post-weld zafi magani bukatun sun haɗa da, amma ba'a iyakance ga, abubuwan da ke biyowa, abubuwan da aka jera a cikin kayan haɗin gwiwa, Pmistry da kauri a cikin rukuni. Dole Shafi A yana da lambar P da aka sanya. Domin preheating, sakin layi na 131 yana ba da mafi ƙarancin zafin jiki wanda dole ne a ɗora karfen tushe kafin waldawa zai iya faruwa.Domin PWHT, Tebur 132 yana ba da kewayon zafin jiki da tsayin lokaci don riƙe yankin weld. Yawan zafi da sanyaya, hanyoyin auna zafin jiki, dabarun dumama, da sauran hanyoyin da yakamata su bi ka'idodin ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun yanayin. yadda ya kamata zafi magani.
Wani m yankin na damuwa a cikin matsawa bututu tsarin ne bututu bends. Lankwasawa bututu iya haifar da bango thinning, sakamakon rashin isasshen bango kauri.A cewar sakin layi na 102.4.5, da code damar bends idan dai m bango kauri gamsu da wannan dabara amfani da lissafi m bango kauri ga madaidaiciya pipe. Yawanci, an izni ne da aka kara da cewa ga bango daban-daban izni. radii.Bends kuma na iya buƙatar pre-lankwasawa da / ko bayan-lankwasawa maganin zafi.Saki na 129 yana ba da jagora kan kera gwiwar hannu.
Don yawancin tsarin bututun matsa lamba, ya zama dole a shigar da bawul ɗin aminci ko bawul ɗin taimako don hana wuce gona da iri a cikin tsarin.Don waɗannan aikace-aikacen, zaɓi na zaɓi na Shafi II: Dokokin Ƙirƙirar Ƙira na Safety Valve abu ne mai matuƙar mahimmanci amma wani lokacin ba a san albarkatu ba.
Dangane da sakin layi na II-1.2, bawuloli masu aminci suna da alaƙa da cikakken aikin buɗaɗɗen buɗaɗɗe don sabis na iskar gas ko tururi, yayin da bawuloli masu aminci suna buɗe dangi zuwa matsatsi na tsaye kuma ana amfani da su da farko don sabis na ruwa.
Safety bawul raka'a suna halin da ko suna bude ko rufaffiyar tsarin fitarwa.A cikin wani buɗaɗɗen shayewa, gwiwar hannu a mabudin bututun aminci zai yawanci shayewa cikin bututun shayewa zuwa yanayi.Yawanci, wannan zai haifar da ƙarancin matsa lamba na baya.Idan an ƙirƙiri isassun matsa lamba na baya a cikin bututun shayewa, ana iya fitar da wani yanki na iskar gas ɗin da za'a iya fitar da shi ko baya da baya daga mashigin mashigan na bututun isassun bututun ya kamata ya hana girman bututun da aka rufe. madaidaicin bawul ɗin bawul ɗin taimako saboda ƙarancin iska a cikin layin iska, mai yuwuwar haifar da raƙuman ruwa don yaduwa.A cikin sakin layi na II-2.2.2, ana ba da shawarar cewa ƙirar ƙirar layin da aka rufe ta kasance aƙalla sau biyu mafi girma fiye da matsi na aiki na yau da kullun. Hoto na 5 da 6 suna nuna shigarwar bawul ɗin aminci bude da rufe, bi da bi.
Ƙaddamarwar bawul ɗin tsaro na iya zama ƙarƙashin nau'i-nau'i daban-daban kamar yadda aka taƙaita a cikin sakin layi na II-2. Waɗannan sojojin sun haɗa da tasirin haɓakawar thermal, hulɗar da yawa na bawuloli masu tasowa da ke fitowa lokaci guda, seismic da / ko vibration effects, da kuma tasirin matsa lamba a lokacin matsalolin taimako na matsa lamba.Ko da yake da ƙira matsa lamba har zuwa kanti na aminci bawul ya kamata dace da zane matsa lamba na saukar da bututu, da tsarin da matsa lamba a cikin fitarwa da tsarin sun dogara da matsa lamba na tsarin da aka bayar a cikin bututun fitarwa. sakin layi na II-2.2 don ƙayyade matsa lamba da sauri a gwiwar hannu na fitarwa, shigar da bututun fitarwa, da fitarwar bututun bututu don buɗewa da rufaffiyar tsarin fitarwa.Ta yin amfani da wannan bayanin, ƙarfin amsawa a wurare daban-daban a cikin tsarin shaye-shaye za a iya ƙididdige su da ƙididdige su.
An ba da misalin matsala don buɗe aikace-aikacen fitarwa a cikin sakin layi na II-7. Wasu hanyoyin sun kasance don ƙididdige halayen kwarara a cikin tsarin fitarwa na bawul, kuma ana gargadin mai karatu don tabbatar da cewa hanyar da aka yi amfani da ita tana da isasshen ra'ayin mazan jiya.Wani irin wannan hanyar da GS Liao ya bayyana a cikin "Tsarin Tsirrai da Tsarin Taimako Valve Exhaust Group Analysis, Jaridar ASME7 ta buga a Oktoba 5.
Ya kamata bawul ɗin taimako ya kasance a cikin mafi ƙarancin nisa na madaidaiciyar bututu daga kowane bends.Wannan mafi ƙarancin nisa ya dogara da sabis da lissafi na tsarin kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin sakin layi na II-5.2.1.Don shigarwa tare da bawul ɗin taimako da yawa, tazara da aka ba da shawarar don haɗin reshe na bawul ya dogara da radii na reshe da bututun sabis, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin bayanin kula (10) (c) na Teburin D-1, yana iya zama dole don haɗawa a cikin sakin layi na 7. s zuwa yin aiki da bututu maimakon gine-ginen da ke kusa don rage tasirin faɗaɗa zafin zafi da hulɗar girgizar ƙasa. Ana iya samun taƙaitaccen bayanin waɗannan da sauran abubuwan ƙira a cikin ƙirar majalissar bawul ɗin aminci a sakin layi na II-5.
Babu shakka, ba zai yiwu a rufe duk buƙatun ƙira na ASME B31 a cikin iyakokin wannan labarin ba. Amma duk wani injiniya da aka zaɓa wanda ke da hannu a cikin ƙirar tsarin bututun matsa lamba ya kamata aƙalla ya saba da wannan ƙirar ƙirar.
Monte K. Engelkemier shine jagoran aikin a Stanley Consultants.Engelkemier memba ne na Iowa Engineering Society, NSPE, da ASME, kuma yana aiki a kan B31.1 Electrical Piping Code Committee and Subcommittee.He has over 12 years of hand-on experience in piping system layout, design, bracing kimantawa da danniya bincike a Stans. shekarun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙirar tsarin bututu don abubuwan amfani iri-iri, na birni, cibiyoyi da abokan ciniki na masana'antu kuma memba ne na ASME da Societyungiyar Injiniya ta Iowa.
Kuna da gogewa da ƙwarewa kan batutuwan da aka rufe a cikin wannan abun ciki?Ya kamata ku yi la'akari da ba da gudummawa ga ƙungiyar edita ta CFE Media kuma ku sami karramawar ku da kamfanin ku. Danna nan don fara aiwatarwa.