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Binciken gano samfuran ruwa yana da aikace-aikace da yawa a cikin ilimin kimiyyar rayuwa da kula da muhalli.A cikin wannan aikin, mun ƙirƙira ƙaƙƙarfan hoto mai rahusa wanda ya dogara da ƙarfin waveguide capillaries (MCCs) don ƙayyadaddun ƙaddarar sha.Hanya na gani za a iya ƙarawa sosai, kuma ya fi tsayin tsayin jiki na MWC, saboda hasken da ke warwatse da bangon bangon ƙarfe mai santsi yana iya ƙunshe a cikin capillary ba tare da la'akari da kusurwar abin da ya faru ba.Za'a iya samun abubuwan tattarawa kamar ƙananan 5.12 nM ta amfani da reagents na yau da kullun na chromogenic saboda sabon haɓakawar gani mara layi da saurin samfurin sauyawa da gano glucose.
Photometry ana amfani dashi ko'ina don bincike na samfuran ruwa saboda yawan abubuwan da ake samu na chromogenic reagents da na'urorin optoelectronic semiconductor1,2,3,4,5.Idan aka kwatanta da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun abubuwan sha na al'ada, ruwa mai waveguide (LWC) capillaries suna nuna (TIR) ​​ta hanyar kiyaye hasken bincike a cikin capillary1,2,3,4,5.Duk da haka, ba tare da ƙarin ci gaba ba, hanyar da aka fi dacewa kawai tana kusa da tsayin jiki na LWC3.6, kuma ƙara yawan tsawon LWC fiye da 1.0 m zai sha wahala daga rashin ƙarfi mai haske da kuma babban haɗari na kumfa, da dai sauransu 3, 7. Game da tsarin da aka ba da shawarar da aka tsara don inganta hanyoyi na gani, iyakar ganowa yana inganta kawai ta hanyar-8.5.
A halin yanzu akwai manyan nau'ikan LWC guda biyu, wato Teflon AF capillaries (wanda yake da ma'anar refractive kawai ~ 1.3, wanda ya fi ƙasa da na ruwa) da silica capillaries wanda aka lulluɓe da Teflon AF ko fina-finai na ƙarfe1,3,4.Don cimma TIR a tsaka-tsaki tsakanin kayan dielectric, ana buƙatar kayan aiki tare da ƙananan ƙididdiga masu mahimmanci da manyan kusurwoyi masu haske 3,6,10.Game da Teflon AF capillaries, Teflon AF yana numfashi saboda tsarinsa mai laushi3,11 kuma yana iya ɗaukar ƙananan abubuwa a cikin samfuran ruwa.Domin ma'adini capillaries rufi a waje tare da Teflon AF ko karfe, da refractive index na ma'adini (1.45) ya fi mafi yawan ruwa samfurori (misali 1.33 na ruwa) 3,6,12,13.Don capillaries mai rufi tare da fim din karfe a ciki, an yi nazarin kaddarorin jigilar kayayyaki14,15,16,17,18, amma tsarin rufewa yana da rikitarwa, farfajiyar fim ɗin ƙarfe yana da tsari mai tsauri da ƙarancin ƙarfi4,19.
Bugu da ƙari, LWCs na kasuwanci (AF Teflon Coated Capillaries da AF Teflon Coated Silica Capillaries, World Precision Instruments, Inc.) suna da wasu rashin amfani, kamar: don kuskure..Babban matattu na TIR3,10, (2) T-connector (don haɗa capillaries, zaruruwa, da bututun shigarwa/kanti) na iya kama kumfa na iska10.
A lokaci guda, ƙaddamar da matakan glucose yana da matukar mahimmanci ga ganewar ciwon sukari, cirrhosis na hanta da rashin lafiyar hankali20.da kuma hanyoyin gano da yawa irin su photometry (ciki har da spectrophotometry 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 da colorimetry akan takarda 26, 27, 28), galvanometry 29, 30, 31, fluorometry 32, 33, 34, 35, spectrophotometry 34, 35, otical polarimetry37, Fabry-Perot cavity 38, electrochemistry 39 da capillary electrophoresis 40,41 da sauransu.Koyaya, yawancin waɗannan hanyoyin suna buƙatar kayan aiki masu tsada, kuma gano glucose a cikin adadin nanomolar da yawa ya kasance ƙalubale (misali, don ma'aunin photometric21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, mafi ƙarancin taro na glucose).iyakance shine kawai 30 nM lokacin da aka yi amfani da nanoparticles blue na Prussian azaman mimics peroxidase).Ana buƙatar nazarin glucose nananomolar sau da yawa don nazarin matakin salon salula kamar hana haɓakar cutar kansar prostate ɗan adam42 da yanayin daidaitawar CO2 na Prochlorococcus a cikin teku.
A cikin wannan labarin, an ƙirƙiri ƙaramin hoto mai rahusa mai rahusa dangane da ma'aunin motsi na ƙarfe (MWC), ƙaramin ƙarfe na bakin karfe SUS316L tare da saman ciki mai na'urar lantarki, don ƙudiri mai ɗaukar hankali.Tunda haske yana iya kamawa a cikin ƙwanƙolin ƙarfe ba tare da la'akari da kusurwar abin da ya faru ba, hanyar gani za a iya ƙaruwa sosai ta hanyar watsewar haske akan filayen ƙarfe da santsi, kuma ya fi tsayin jiki na MWC.Bugu da ƙari, an ƙirƙiri mai haɗin T-mai sauƙi don haɗin gani da mashigar ruwa / mashigar ruwa don rage mataccen ƙarar da kuma guje wa kama kumfa.Don 7 cm MWC photometer, an inganta iyakar ganowa da kusan sau 3000 idan aka kwatanta da na'urar spectrophotometer na kasuwanci tare da 1 cm cuvette saboda sabon haɓakar hanyar da ba ta kai tsaye ba da sauyawar samfurin sauri, kuma ana iya samun nasarar gano glucose.kawai 5.12 nM ta amfani da na kowa chromogenic reagents.
Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Hoto 1, MWC na tushen photometer ya ƙunshi MWC mai tsayi cm 7 tare da saman EP na lantarki na ciki, LED na 505 nm tare da ruwan tabarau, mai daidaita hoto mai daidaitawa, da biyu don haɗakar gani da shigar ruwa.FitaAna amfani da bawul mai hawa uku da aka haɗa da bututun shigarwar Pike don canza samfurin mai shigowa.Bututun Peek ya yi daidai da farantin ma'adini da MWC, don haka ana kiyaye mataccen ƙarar da ke cikin na'urar haɗin T-mafi ƙanƙanta, yana hana kumfa iska daga tarko.Bugu da ƙari, za a iya shigar da katakon da aka haɗa cikin sauƙi da inganci a cikin MWC ta hanyar T-piece quartz farantin.
Ana gabatar da katako da samfurin ruwa a cikin MCC ta hanyar T-yanki, kuma katakon da ke wucewa ta MCC yana karɓar mai daukar hoto.Maganganun da ke shigowa na samfura masu tabo ko marasa tushe an gabatar da su a madadin su cikin ICC ta hanyar bawul mai hawa uku.Bisa ga dokar Beer, ana iya ƙididdige yawan adadin gani na samfurin launi daga ma'auni.1.10
inda Vcolor da Vblank su ne siginar fitarwa na photodetector lokacin da aka gabatar da launi da samfurori mara kyau a cikin MCC, bi da bi, kuma Vdark shine siginar bayanan bayanan hoto lokacin da aka kashe LED.Canjin siginar fitarwa ΔV = Vcolor-Vblank ana iya auna ta ta hanyar sauya samfura.Bisa ga lissafin.Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Hoto 1, idan ΔV ya fi Vblank-Vdark ƙarami, lokacin amfani da tsarin sauya samfurin, ƙananan canje-canje a cikin Vblank (misali drift) na iya samun ɗan tasiri akan ƙimar AMWC.
Don kwatanta aikin na'urar daukar hoto na MWC tare da spectrophotometer na tushen cuvette, an yi amfani da maganin tawada ja azaman samfurin launi saboda kyakkyawan kwanciyar hankali da kwanciyar hankali mai kyau, DI H2O a matsayin samfurin mara kyau..Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Tebu 1, an shirya jerin hanyoyin maganin tawada ja ta hanyar hanyar dilution ta hanyar amfani da DI H2O azaman sauran ƙarfi.Matsakaicin dangi na samfurin 1 (S1), fenti ja na asali wanda ba a diluted ba, an ƙaddara shi azaman 1.0.A kan fig.Hoto 2 yana nuna hotunan gani na 11 jajayen tawada samfurori (S4 zuwa S14) tare da ƙididdiga na dangi (wanda aka jera a cikin Table 1) daga 8.0 × 10-3 (hagu) zuwa 8.2 × 10-10 (dama).
Ana nuna sakamakon auna don samfurin 6 a cikin Fig.3 (a).Mahimman sauyawa tsakanin samfurori masu tabo da maras kyau suna alama a cikin adadi ta kibiyoyi biyu "↔".Ana iya ganin cewa ƙarfin wutar lantarki yana ƙaruwa da sauri lokacin sauyawa daga samfuran launi zuwa samfurori mara kyau kuma akasin haka.Za a iya samun Vcolor, Vblank da ΔV daidai kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin adadi.
(a) Sakamakon ma'auni don samfurin 6, (b) samfurin 9, (c) samfurin 13, da (d) samfurin 14 ta amfani da ma'auni na tushen MWC.
Sakamakon ma'auni na samfurori 9, 13, da 14 an nuna su a cikin Fig.3 (b) (d), bi da bi.Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Hoto 3 (d), ΔV da aka auna shine kawai 5 nV, wanda shine kusan sau 3 darajar amo (2 nV).Ƙananan ΔV yana da wuyar bambanta daga amo.Don haka, iyakar ganowa ya kai matsayin dangi na 8.2 × 10-10 (samfurin 14).Tare da taimakon ma'auni.1. Ana iya ƙididdige ɗaukar ɗaukar AMWC daga ƙimar Vcolor, Vblank da Vdark da aka auna.Don mai gano hoto tare da riba na 104 Vdark shine -0.68 μV.An taƙaita sakamakon ma'auni na duk samfuran a cikin Tebur 1 kuma ana iya samun su a cikin ƙarin kayan.Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Tebu 1, shayarwa da aka samu a babban adadin saturates, don haka ba za a iya auna ɗaukar sama da 3.7 tare da ma'aunin sitiriyo na tushen MWC ba.
Don kwatanta, an kuma auna samfurin tawada ja tare da spectrophotometer kuma an nuna ma'auni na Acuvette a cikin Hoto 4. Ma'auni na Acuvette a 505 nm (kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Table 1) an samo shi ta hanyar yin la'akari da ƙananan samfurori 10, 11, ko 12 (kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin saiti).zuwa siffa 4) a matsayin tushe.Kamar yadda aka nuna, iyakacin ganowa ya kai matsayin dangi na 2.56 x 10-6 (samfurin 9) saboda raƙuman shayarwa na samfuran 10, 11 da 12 ba su bambanta da juna ba.Don haka, lokacin amfani da na'urar daukar hoto na tushen MWC, an inganta iyakar ganowa da juzu'i na 3125 idan aka kwatanta da spectrophotometer na tushen cuvette.
An gabatar da ƙaddamarwar dogara-tattaunawa a cikin Fig.5.Don ma'auni na cuvette, abin sha ya yi daidai da tattarawar tawada a tsawon hanyar 1 cm.Ganin cewa, don ma'auni na tushen MWC, an lura da haɓaka mara daidaituwa a cikin shayarwa a ƙananan ƙira.Bisa ga dokar Beer, shayarwa ya yi daidai da tsayin hanya na gani, don haka samun riba AEF (wanda aka bayyana a matsayin AEF = AMWC / Acuvette a cikin ƙwayar tawada iri ɗaya) shine rabo na MWC zuwa tsawon hanyar gani na cuvette.Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Hoto 5, a babban taro, AEF akai-akai yana kusa da 7.0, wanda ya dace tun lokacin da tsayin MWC ya kasance daidai 7 sau da yawa na 1 cm cuvette. Duk da haka, a ƙananan ƙididdiga (haɗin kai mai alaƙa <1.28 × 10-5), AEF yana ƙaruwa tare da raguwar ƙaddamarwa kuma zai kai darajar 803 a haɗakar da ke da alaƙa na 8.2 × 10-10 ta hanyar ƙaddamar da ma'auni na tushen cuvette. Duk da haka, a ƙananan ƙididdiga (haɗin kai mai alaƙa <1.28 × 10-5), AEF yana ƙaruwa tare da raguwar ƙaddamarwa kuma zai kai darajar 803 a haɗakar da ke da alaƙa na 8.2 × 10-10 ta hanyar ƙaddamar da ma'auni na tushen cuvette. Однако при низких концентрациях (относительная концентрация <1,28 × 10-5) AEF увеличивается с уменьшением гать значения 803 при относительныy kontsentratsiy 8,2 × 10-10 pry эkstrapolyatsyonnaya kryvoy измерения на осное. Duk da haka, a ƙananan ƙididdiga (ƙwaƙwalwar dangi <1.28 × 10-5), AEF yana ƙaruwa tare da raguwar ƙaddamarwa kuma zai iya kaiwa darajar 803 a wani dangi na 8.2 × 10-10 lokacin da aka cire shi daga ma'auni na tushen cuvette.然而，在低浓度（相关浓度<1.28 × 10-5量曲线，在相关浓度为8.2 × 10-10 时将达到803 的值。在 低 浓度 （相关 浓度 <1.28 × 10-5） ， AEF 随着 的 降低测量 曲线 ， 在 浓度 为 8.2 × 10-10 时 达到 达到 Одnako при низkyh kontsentraцyyah (relevantnыe kontsentratsijah <1,28 × 10-5) раполяции кривой измерения на основе кюветы она достигает значения относительной концентраци 8,2 × 10-10. Duk da haka, a ƙananan ƙididdiga (ƙididdigar mahimmanci <1.28 × 10-5) AED yana ƙaruwa tare da raguwar raguwa, kuma lokacin da aka cire shi daga ma'aunin ma'auni na cuvette, ya kai darajar ƙaddamarwa na 8.2 × 10-10 803.Wannan yana haifar da daidaitaccen hanyar gani na 803 cm (AEF × 1 cm), wanda ya fi tsayin tsayin jiki na MWC, har ma ya fi tsayin LWC mafi tsayi na kasuwanci (500 cm daga Instruments Precision World, Inc.).Doko Engineering LLC yana da tsawon cm 200).Wannan karuwar da ba ta kai tsaye ba ta sha a cikin LWC ba a riga an ba da rahoto ba.
A kan fig.6 (a) - (c) yana nuna hoton gani, hoton microscope, da kuma hoton bayanan gani na saman ciki na sashin MWC, bi da bi.Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin fig.6(a), saman ciki yana da santsi da sheki, yana iya nuna haske mai gani, kuma yana da kyau sosai.Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin fig.6 (b), saboda rashin daidaituwa da yanayin kristal na ƙarfe, ƙananan mesas da rashin daidaituwa suna bayyana akan santsi. Dangane da ƙananan yanki (<5 μm × 5 μm), ƙarancin mafi yawan saman bai wuce 1.2 nm (Fig. 6 (c)). Dangane da ƙaramin yanki (<5 μm × 5 μm), ƙarancin mafi yawan saman bai wuce 1.2 nm (Fig. 6 (c)). Ввиду малой площади (<5 мкм×5 мкм) шероховатость большей части поверхности составляет менее 1,2 6 . Saboda ƙananan yanki (<5 µm × 5 µm), ƙarancin mafi yawan saman bai wuce 1.2 nm (Fig. 6 (c)).考虑到小面积（<5 μm×5 μm），大多数表面的粗糙度小于1.2 nm（图6（c））。考虑到小面积（<5 μm×5 μm），大多数表面的粗糙度小于1.2 nm（图6（c））。 Учитывая небольшую площадь (<5 мкм × 5 мкм), шероховатость большинства поверхностей составлям составляет 1,2. Yin la'akari da ƙananan yanki (<5 µm × 5 µm), ƙarancin mafi yawan saman ba shi da ƙasa da 1.2 nm (Fig. 6 (c)).
(a) Hoton gani, (b) hoton microscope, da (c) hoton gani na saman ciki na yanke MWC.
Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin fig.7 (a), hanyar LOP na gani a cikin capillary an ƙaddara ta hanyar kusurwar abin da ya faru θ (LOP = LC / sinθ, inda LC shine tsawon jiki na capillary).Domin Teflon AF capillaries cike da DI H2O, kusurwar abin da ya faru dole ne ya fi girma fiye da mahimmanci na 77.8 °, don haka LOP ya kasance ƙasa da 1.02 × LC ba tare da ƙarin haɓaka ba3.6.Ganin cewa, tare da MWC, tsarewar haske a cikin capillary ya kasance mai zaman kanta daga ma'anar refractive ko kusurwar abin da ya faru, don haka yayin da kusurwar abin da ya faru ya ragu, hanyar haske na iya zama tsayi fiye da tsawon capillary (LOP »LC).Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin fig.7 (b), ƙwanƙolin ƙarfe na ƙarfe zai iya haifar da watsawar haske, wanda zai iya ƙara yawan hanyar gani.
Sabili da haka, akwai hanyoyi guda biyu masu haske don MWC: hasken kai tsaye ba tare da tunani ba (LOP = LC) da kuma hasken sawtooth tare da tunani mai yawa tsakanin ganuwar gefen (LOP »LC).Bisa ga dokar Beer, ana iya bayyana ƙarfin hasken kai tsaye da zigzag kamar PS × exp (-α × LC) da PZ ×exp (-α × LOP) bi da bi, inda akai-akai α shine madaidaicin sha, wanda ya dogara gaba ɗaya akan ƙaddamarwar tawada.
Don babban tawada mai girma (misali, maida hankali mai alaƙa> 1.28 × 10-5), hasken zigzag-hasken yana da ƙarfi sosai kuma ƙarfinsa ya fi ƙasa da na madaidaiciya-haske, saboda babban haɓaka-kwatanci da kuma mafi tsayi-hanyar gani. Don babban tawada mai girma (misali, maida hankali mai alaƙa> 1.28 × 10-5), hasken zigzag-hasken yana da ƙarfi sosai kuma ƙarfinsa ya fi ƙasa da na madaidaiciya-haske, saboda babban haɓaka-kwatancinsa da mafi tsayin hanyar gani. Для чернил с высокой концентрацией (например, относительная концентрация > 1,28 × 10-5) о интенсивность намного ниже, чем у прямого света, го излучения. Don babban tawada mai girma (misali maida hankali na dangi> 1.28×10-5), hasken zigzag yana da ƙarfi da ƙarfi kuma ƙarfinsa ya fi ƙasa da na hasken kai tsaye saboda babban ƙimar ɗaukar hoto da ficewar gani mai tsayi.waƙa.对于高浓度墨水（例如，相关浓度>1.28×10-5），Z字形光衰减很大，其强大，其强度远。收系数大，光学时间更长。对于 高浓度 墨水 （例如 ， 浓度 浓度> 1.28 × 10-5） ， z 字形这 是吸收 系数 大 光学 时间 更。Для чернил с высокой концентрацией и его и тентенсивность го времени. Don babban tawada mai girma (misali, abubuwan da suka dace> 1.28 × 10-5), hasken zigzag yana raguwa sosai kuma ƙarfinsa ya fi ƙasa da na hasken kai tsaye saboda babban haɗin kai da kuma tsawon lokacin gani.hanya kadan.Don haka, hasken kai tsaye ya mamaye ƙayyadaddun ƙaddamarwa (LOP = LC) kuma an kiyaye AEF akai-akai a ~ 7.0. Sabanin haka, lokacin da aka rage yawan shayarwa tare da raguwar ƙwayar tawada (misali, ƙaddamarwa mai alaƙa <1.28 × 10-5), ƙarfin zigzag-haske yana ƙaruwa da sauri fiye da na madaidaiciyar haske sannan kuma zigzag-hasken ya fara taka muhimmiyar rawa. Sabanin haka, lokacin da aka rage yawan shayarwa tare da raguwar ƙwayar tawada (misali, ƙaddamarwa mai alaƙa <1.28 × 10-5), ƙarfin zigzag-haske yana ƙaruwa da sauri fiye da na madaidaiciyar haske sannan kuma zigzag-hasken ya fara taka muhimmiyar rawa. Напротив, когда коэффициент поглощения уменьшается с уменьшением 1,28 × 10-5), интенсивность. yaya swt. Akasin haka, lokacin da ƙididdigewar shayarwa ta ragu tare da raguwar ƙwayar tawada (misali, ƙaddamarwar dangi <1.28 × 10-5), ƙarfin hasken zigzag yana ƙaruwa da sauri fiye da hasken kai tsaye, sannan hasken zigzag ya fara wasa.muhimmiyar rawa.相反，当吸收系数随着墨水浓度的降低而降低时（例如，相关浓度<1.28×10-5）度剅剢剢剢孯，Z增加得更快，然后Z字形光开始发挥作用一个更重要的角色。当 吸收 系数 随着 墨水 的 降低 而 降低形光 的 强度 增加 得更 更 HI的角色. И наоборот, когда коэффициент поглощения уменьшается. раtsiя < 1,28×10-5), интенсивность грать более важную роль. Sabanin haka, lokacin da ƙididdigewar shayarwa ya ragu tare da raguwar ƙwayar tawada (misali, daidaitaccen taro <1.28 × 10-5), ƙarfin hasken zigzag yana ƙaruwa da sauri fiye da hasken kai tsaye, sannan hasken zigzag ya fara taka muhimmiyar rawa.rawar hali.Saboda haka, saboda sawtooth Tantancewar hanya (LOP »LC), da AEF za a iya ƙara fiye da 7.0.Ana iya samun daidaitattun halayen watsa haske na MWC ta amfani da ka'idar yanayin waveguide.
Baya ga inganta hanyar gani, saurin samfurin sauyawa yana ba da gudummawa ga iyakokin ganowa mara nauyi.Saboda ƙaramin ƙarar MCC (0.16 ml), lokacin da ake buƙata don canzawa da canza mafita a cikin MCC na iya zama ƙasa da daƙiƙa 20.Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Hoto 5, mafi ƙarancin ƙimar AMWC (2.5 × 10-4) shine sau 4 ƙasa da na Acuvette (1.0 × 10-3).Saurin sauyawar saurin bayani mai gudana a cikin capillary yana rage tasirin amo na tsarin (misali drift) akan daidaiton bambancin sha idan aka kwatanta da maganin riƙewa a cikin cuvette.Misali, kamar yadda aka nuna a fig.3 (b) - (d), ΔV za a iya bambanta da sauƙi daga siginar raɗaɗi saboda saurin samfurin sauyawa a cikin ƙananan ƙarar ƙarar.
Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Tebu 2, an shirya kewayon maganin glucose a wurare daban-daban ta amfani da DI H2O azaman sauran ƙarfi.An shirya samfurori marasa lahani ta hanyar haɗuwa da maganin glucose ko ruwan da aka lalata tare da maganin chromogenic na glucose oxidase (ALLAH) da peroxidase (POD) 37 a cikin ƙayyadaddun ƙimar ƙarar 3: 1, bi da bi.A kan fig.8 yana nuna hotunan gani na samfurori tara masu tabo (S2-S10) tare da yawan adadin glucose daga 2.0 mM (hagu) zuwa 5.12 nM (dama).Jajayen yana raguwa tare da raguwar tattarawar glucose.
Sakamakon ma'auni na samfurori 4, 9, da 10 tare da ma'aunin hoto na MWC ana nuna su a cikin Fig.9 (a) (c), bi da bi.Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin fig.9 (c), ΔV da aka auna ya zama ƙasa da kwanciyar hankali kuma a hankali yana ƙaruwa yayin aunawa yayin da launi na ALLAH-POD reagent kanta (ko da ba tare da ƙara glucose ba) sannu a hankali yana canzawa a cikin haske.Don haka, ba za a iya maimaita ma'aunin ΔV na gaba ba don samfuran da ke da ƙarancin glucose na ƙasa da 5.12 nM (samfurin 10), saboda lokacin da ΔV ya isa ƙarami, rashin kwanciyar hankali na ALLAH-POD reagent ba za a iya yin watsi da shi ba.Sabili da haka, iyakar ganowa don maganin glucose shine 5.12 nM, kodayake ƙimar ΔV daidai (0.52 µV) ya fi girma fiye da ƙimar amo (0.03 µV), yana nuna cewa har yanzu ana iya gano ƙananan ΔV.Wannan iyakar ganowa za'a iya ƙara inganta ta ta amfani da ƙarin tsayayyen reagents na chromogenic.
(a) Sakamakon ma'auni don samfurin 4, (b) samfurin 9, da (c) samfurin 10 ta amfani da hoton hoto na MWC.
Ana iya ƙididdige shawar AMWC ta amfani da ƙimar Vcolor, Vblank da Vdark da aka auna.Don mai gano hoto tare da riba na 105 Vdark shine -0.068 μV.Ana iya saita ma'auni don duk samfuran a cikin ƙarin kayan.Don kwatantawa, an auna samfuran glucose tare da spectrophotometer kuma auna ɗaukar Acuvette ya kai iyakar ganowa na 0.64 µM (samfurin 7) kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto 10.
An gabatar da dangantaka tsakanin shayarwa da maida hankali a cikin Hoto 11. Tare da na'urar daukar hoto na MWC, an sami ci gaba na 125 a cikin iyakar ganowa idan aka kwatanta da spectrophotometer na tushen cuvette.Wannan ci gaban ya yi ƙasa da ƙimar ja tawada saboda rashin kwanciyar hankali na ALLAH-POD reagent.An kuma lura da haɓakar da ba na layi ba a cikin shayarwa a ƙananan ƙididdiga.
An ƙirƙiri na'urar daukar hoto na tushen MWC don gano samfuran ruwa masu ƙarfi.Hanya na gani za a iya ƙarawa sosai, kuma ya fi tsayin tsayin jiki na MWC, saboda hasken da ke warwatse da bangon bangon ƙarfe mai santsi yana iya ƙunshe a cikin capillary ba tare da la'akari da kusurwar abin da ya faru ba.Za'a iya samun matsuguni kamar ƙasan 5.12 nM ta amfani da na'urorin ALLAH-POD na al'ada godiya ga sabon haɓakar gani mara linzamin kwamfuta da saurin samfurin sauyawa da gano glucose.Za a yi amfani da wannan ƙaƙƙarfan photometer mai rahusa a cikin ilimin kimiyyar rayuwa da sa ido kan muhalli don binciken ganowa.
Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Hoto 1, MWC na tushen photometer ya ƙunshi 7 cm tsayi MWC (diamita na ciki 1.7 mm, diamita na waje 3.18 mm, EP class electropolished ciki ciki, SUS316L bakin karfe capillary), wani 505 nm wavelength LED (Thorlabs M505F1), da Horlabs M505F1 (Thorlab. 450C) da kuma masu haɗin T guda biyu don sadarwar gani da ruwa a ciki / waje.Ana yin haɗin T-haɗin ta hanyar haɗa farantin ma'adini mai haske zuwa bututun PMMA wanda MWC da bututun Peek (ID 0.72 mm ID, 1.6 mm OD, Vici Valco Corp.) ana saka su da manne.Ana amfani da bawul mai hawa uku da aka haɗa da bututun shigarwar Pike don canza samfurin mai shigowa.Mai daukar hoto zai iya canza ƙarfin gani da aka karɓa P zuwa siginar ƙarfin lantarki N × V (inda V/P = 1.0 V/W a 1550 nm, samun N za a iya daidaita shi da hannu a cikin kewayon 103-107).Don taƙaitawa, ana amfani da V maimakon N×V azaman siginar fitarwa.
A kwatankwacin, an yi amfani da na'urar sikirin hoto na kasuwanci (Agilent Technologies Cary 300 jerin tare da R928 High Efficiency Photomultiplier) tare da tantanin halitta cuvette na 1.0 cm don auna ɗaukar samfuran ruwa.
An yi nazarin saman ciki na yanke MWC ta amfani da na'urar hangen nesa (ZYGO New View 5022) tare da ƙuduri na tsaye da na gefe na 0.1 nm da 0.11 µm, bi da bi.
Dukkanin sinadarai (nau'i na nazari, babu ƙarin tsarkakewa) an saya daga Sichuan Chuangke Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Glucose gwajin kits sun hada da glucose oxidase (ALLAH), peroxidase (POD), 4-aminoantipyrine da phenol, da dai sauransu A chromogenic bayani da aka shirya da saba ALLAH-POD 37 hanya.
Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Tebu 2, an shirya kewayon maganin glucose a wurare daban-daban ta amfani da DI H2O azaman diluent ta amfani da hanyar dilution serial (duba Ƙarin Materials don cikakkun bayanai).Shirya samfura masu tabo ko maras kyau ta hanyar haxa maganin glucose ko ruwa mai narkewa tare da maganin chromogenic a cikin ƙayyadadden rabo na 3:1, bi da bi.An adana duk samfurori a 37 ° C da aka kare daga haske don minti 10 kafin aunawa.A cikin hanyar ALLAH-POD, samfurori masu tabo suna juya ja tare da matsakaicin matsakaici a 505 nm, kuma sha yana kusan daidai da ƙwayar glucose.
Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Table 1, an shirya jerin hanyoyin maganin tawada ja (Ostrich Ink Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China) ta hanyar hanyar dilution ta hanyar amfani da DI H2O a matsayin sauran ƙarfi.
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