ʻO ka hihiʻo a Anish Kapoor no ke kiʻi kiʻi Cloud Gate ma Chicago's Millennium Park, ua like ia me ka mercury wai, e hōʻike pono ana i ke kūlanakauhale a puni.ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o kēia ʻano holoʻokoʻa he hana aloha.
“ʻO kaʻu mea i makemake ai e hana me ka Millennium Park ʻo ia ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka lani ʻo Chicago i loko… i ʻike ka poʻe i nā ao e lana ana i loko a ʻike ʻia kēia mau hale kiʻekiʻe loa i ka hana.A laila, no ka mea ma ke ʻano o ka puka, hiki i ka mea komo, ka mea nānā, ke komo i loko o kēia keʻena hohonu loa, kahi e hana ai i kāna noʻonoʻo ponoʻī e like me ke ʻano o ka hana i ka ʻike o ke kūlanakauhale a puni.” - ka mea pena kiʻi Pelekane kaulana ʻo Anish .ʻO Kapoor, ka mea kālai kiʻi o ka Ipuka Kapua
Ke nānā aku nei i ka ʻili mālie o kēia kiʻi kiʻi kila kila, he paʻakikī ke koho i ka nui o ka metala a me ka wiwo ʻole e hūnā ma lalo o kona ʻili.Hūnā ʻo Cloud Gate i nā moʻolelo o ka 100 mea hana metala, ʻoki, welders, trimmers, engineers, technicians, fitters, fitters and managers - ʻoi aku ma mua o 5 mau makahiki i ka hana ʻana.
He nui ka poʻe i hana i nā hola lōʻihi, hana i loko o nā hale hana i ke aumoe, kūkulu i nā hale lole ma kahi kahua kūkulu a hana i nā mahana 110-degere i nā lole Tyvek® piha a me nā hapalua-masks.Ke hana nei kekahi i ka umekaumaha, ke kau ʻana mai nā kaula hao, ka paʻa ʻana i nā mea hana, a me ka hana ʻana ma nā pali pahee.Hele liʻiliʻi nā mea a pau (a ʻoi aku hoʻi) e hana i ka hiki ʻole.
ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka manaʻo o ka mea kālai kiʻi ʻo Anish Kapoor e pili ana i nā ao lana ethereal i loko o kahi kiʻi kiʻi kila stainless 110-ton, 66-kapuaʻi, 33-kapuaʻi ka lōʻihi ka hana a Performance Structures Inc. (PSI), Oakland, Kaleponi, a me MTH.Pāka Villa, ʻIlinoi.I kona makahiki 120, ʻo MTH kekahi o nā mea hana kila a me nā aniani kahiko loa ma Chicago.
ʻO nā koi no ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka papahana e hilinaʻi ʻia ma ka hana noʻeau, ke akamai, nā mākau mechanical a me ka ʻike hana hana o nā ʻoihana ʻelua.He mea hana maʻamau a kūkulu ʻia lākou no ka papahana.
ʻO kekahi o nā pilikia o ka pāhana e puka mai ana ma muli o kona ʻano ʻāwili ʻē aʻe – kahi kiko a i ʻole piko i lalo – a ʻo kekahi mai kona nui.Ua kūkuluʻia nā kiʻi kiʻi e nā hui likeʻoleʻelua ma nā wahi likeʻole he mau kaukani mile kaʻawale, e hana ana i nā pilikia me ka halihali a me nāʻano hana.Nui nā kaʻina hana e pono ai ke hana ma ke kula he paʻakikī ke hana ma ka papahele hale kūʻai, koe wale nō ma ke kula.ʻO ka pilikia nui e kū mai ana no ka mea ʻaʻole i hana ʻia kēlā ʻano hale ma mua.No laila, ʻaʻohe loulou, ʻaʻohe hoʻolālā, ʻaʻohe palapala alanui.
Ua loaʻa iā Ethan Silva o PSI ka ʻike nui ma ke kūkulu ʻana i ka hull, ma mua ma nā moku a ma hope aku i nā hana noʻeau ʻē aʻe, a ua kūpono ʻo ia e hana i nā hana kūkulu hull kū hoʻokahi.Ua noi ʻo Anish Kapoor i nā haumāna puka physics a me ka hana noʻeau e hāʻawi i kahi kumu hoʻohālike liʻiliʻi.
“No laila, ua hana au i 2 x 3 mika kikoʻī, he ʻāpana ʻoniʻoni ʻoniʻoni ʻoniʻoni maoli, a ʻōlelo ʻo ia, 'Auē, ua hana ʻoe, ʻo ʻoe wale nō ka mea i hana,' no ka mea ua ʻimi ʻo ia i ʻelua makahiki.E ʻimi i kahi mea e hana, "wahi a Silva.
ʻO ka hoʻolālā kumu no ka PSI e hana a kūkulu i ke kiʻi holoʻokoʻa a holo i ka ʻāpana holoʻokoʻa ma ka hema o ka Pākīpika, ma o ka Canal Panama, ma ka ʻākau ma ka ʻAkelanika a ma ka St. Lawrence Seaway i ke awa ma Lake Michigan.ʻO Edward Ulir, Luna Nui o Millennium Park Inc. Wahi a ka ʻōlelo, kahi ʻōnaehana conveyor i hoʻolālā kūikawā e lawe iā ia i Millennium Park.ʻO nā kaʻina manawa a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa i koi i kēia mau hoʻolālā e hoʻololi.No laila, pono e hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā ʻāpana ʻāwili no ka lawe ʻana a lawe ʻia i Chicago, kahi i hui ai ʻo MTH i ka hale a me ke kūkulu ʻia, a hoʻopili i nā panela i ka superstructure.
ʻO ka hoʻopau ʻana a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i nā welds Cloud Gate e hāʻawi iā lākou i kahi hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi ʻole kekahi o nā mea paʻakikī loa o ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana a me ka hui ʻana ma ka pūnaewele.Hoʻopau ʻia ke kaʻina hana 12-step e ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi ʻulaʻula hoʻomālamalama, e like me ka polish jewelry.
"Ma ke kumu, ua hana mākou ma kēia papahana no kahi o ʻekolu mau makahiki e hana ana i kēia mau ʻāpana," wahi a Silva.“He hana paʻakikī kēia.Nui ka manawa e noʻonoʻo ai pehea e hana ai a hana i nā kikoʻī;ʻike ʻoe, e lawe mai i ka hemolele.ʻO ke ala a mākou e hoʻohana ai i ka ʻenehana kamepiula a me ka hana metala kahiko maikaʻi he hui pū ʻana o ka forging a me ka ʻenehana aerospace..”
Wahi a ia, he paʻakikī ke hana i kahi mea nui a kaumaha me ka pololei kiʻekiʻe.ʻO nā papa nui loa he 7 kapuaʻi ka laulā a he 11 kapuaʻi ka lōʻihi a he 1,500 paona kona kaumaha.
"ʻO ka hana ʻana i nā hana CAD āpau a me ka hana ʻana i nā kiʻi kiʻi kūʻai maoli no ka hana he papahana nui ia," wahi a Silva.“Hoʻohana mākou i ka ʻenehana kamepiula no ke ana ʻana i nā papa a loiloi pololei i ko lākou ʻano a me ka curvature i hui pono lākou.
"Ua hana mākou i ka simulation kamepiula a laila hoʻokaʻawale iā ia," wahi a Silva."Ua hoʻohana au i kaʻu ʻike i ka hana ʻana i ka pūpū a ua loaʻa iaʻu kekahi mau manaʻo e pili ana i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā kiʻi i mea e holo ai nā laina hili i hiki iā mākou ke loaʻa nā hopena maikaʻi loa."
He huinaha kekahi mau papa, he ano pai kekahi.ʻOi aku ka kokoke o lākou i ka hoʻololi ʻoi, ʻoi aku ka nui o ke ʻano o ka pie a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka radius o ka hoʻololi radial.Ma ka ʻaoʻao luna, ʻoi aku ka palahalaha a ʻoi aku ka nui.
ʻOki ka plasma i ka 1/4 a 3/8-inihi mānoanoa 316L stainless steel, wahi a Silva, ʻo ia ka ikaika ma kāna iho."ʻO ka paʻakikī maoli ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā papa nui i kahi curvature pololei.Hana ʻia kēia ma ke ʻano pololei loa a me ka hana ʻana i ke ʻano o ka ʻōnaehana iwi ʻaoʻao no kēlā me kēia papa.Ma kēia ala, hiki iā mākou ke hoʻoholo pololei i ke ʻano o kēlā me kēia papa.
Hoʻopili ʻia nā papa ma luna o nā wili 3D a PSI i hoʻolālā a hana pono no ka ʻōwili ʻana i kēia mau papa (e nānā i ka fig. 1).“Ua like ia me ka hoahanau o na kaila Pelekane.ʻOli mākou iā lākou me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻenehana like me nā ʻēheu, "wahi a Silva.E kūlou i kēlā me kēia panel ma ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana i hope a i waho ma luna o nā huila, e hoʻoponopono i ke kaomi ʻana i nā huila a hiki i nā panela i loko o 0.01″ o ka nui i makemake ʻia.Wahi a ia, ʻo ka koi kiʻekiʻe e paʻakikī i ka hana ʻana i nā lau me ka maʻalahi.
A laila wili ka welder i ka uwea flux-cored i ke ʻano o ka ʻōnaehana ribbed kūloko."I koʻu manaʻo, he ala maikaʻi loa ka uea flux-cored e hana i nā welds structural stainless steel," wehewehe ʻo Silva."Hāʻawi kēia iā ʻoe i nā welds kiʻekiʻe me ka nānā ʻana i ka hana ʻana a me nā hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi."
Hoʻopili ʻia nā ʻili papa āpau i ke one lima a wili ʻia ma ka mīkini e ʻoki iā lākou a hiki i ka tausani o ka ʻīniha e kūpono kekahi i kekahi (e nānā i ka fig. 2).E hōʻoia i nā ana me ke ana pololei a me nā lako nānā laser.ʻO ka hope, hoʻonaniʻia ka pā i kahi aniani a uhiʻia me kahi kiʻi pale.
Ma kahi o ka hapakolu o nā paneli, me ke kumu a me ka hale i loko, ua hōʻuluʻulu ʻia i loko o kahi hui hoʻāʻo ma mua o ka hoʻouna ʻia ʻana o nā panela mai ʻAuckland (e nānā i nā kiʻi 3 a me 4).Hoʻolālā ʻia ke kaʻina hana papa a wili ʻia kekahi mau papa liʻiliʻi e hui pū me lākou."No laila, i ko mākou hui pū ʻana ma Chicago, ʻike mākou he kūpono ia," wahi a Silva.
ʻO ka mahana, ka manawa a me ka haʻalulu o ka trolley hiki ke hoʻokuʻu i ka pepa i ʻōwili ʻia.Hoʻolālā ʻia ka ribbed grating e hoʻonui i ka rigidity o ka papa, akā e mālama pū i ke ʻano o ka papa i ka wā o ka lawe ʻana.
No laila, i ka wā i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ai ka mesh i loko, mālama ʻia ka pā i ka wela a hoʻomaha ʻia e hoʻomaha i ke kaumaha.No ka pale ʻana i ka pōʻino i ka hele ʻana, hana ʻia nā moena no kēlā me kēia kīʻaha a laila hoʻouka ʻia i loko o nā pahu, ma kahi o ʻehā i ka manawa.
A laila ua hoʻouka ʻia nā pahu me nā huahana semi-finished, ma kahi o ʻehā i ka manawa, a hoʻouna ʻia i Kikako me nā hui PSI no ka hoʻokomo ʻana me nā hui MTH.ʻO kekahi o lākou he logistician nāna e hoʻonohonoho i ka lawe ʻana, a ʻo ka mea ʻē aʻe he luna hoʻomalu ma ka ʻenehana ʻenehana.Hana ʻo ia i kēlā me kēia lā me nā limahana MTH a kōkua i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻenehana hou inā pono."ʻOiaʻiʻo, he mea koʻikoʻi loa ia o ka hana," wahi a Silva.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Lyle Hill, Pelekikena o MTH, ua hana mua ʻia ʻo MTH Industries me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ke kiʻi ethereal i ka honua a hoʻokomo i ka superstructure, a laila e hoʻopaʻa ʻia i nā pepa a hana i ke one hope a me ka polishing, me ka ʻoluʻolu a PSI Technical Management.ʻO ke kiʻi kiʻi e hōʻike ana i kahi kaulike ma waena o ke akamai a me ka pono, ka manaʻo a me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ka manawa pono a me ka manawa i hoʻolālā ʻia.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Lou Czerny, ka pelekikena hope o ka ʻenekinia a me ka luna o ka papahana MTH, ua hoihoi ʻo ia i ka ʻokoʻa o ka papahana."I ka maikaʻi o kā mākou ʻike, aia nā mea e hana nei ma kēia papahana kūikawā ʻaʻole i hana ʻia ma mua a ʻaʻole i noʻonoʻo ʻia ma mua," wahi a Czerny.
Akā ʻo ka hana ʻana i kahi hana mua o kāna ʻano pono e pono ai ke akamai ma ka pūnaewele e hoʻoponopono i nā pilikia i ʻike ʻole ʻia a pane i nā nīnau e kū mai ana ma ke ala:
Pehea ʻoe e hoʻopili ai i nā panela kila kuhili kaʻa he 128 i kahi superstructure mau i ka wā e hoʻohana ana i nā mīkina lima keiki?Pehea e kūʻai aku ai i kahi pīni nui me ka hilinaʻi ʻole?Pehea e hiki ai iaʻu ke komo i ka weld me ka hiki ʻole ke weld mai loko?Pehea e hoʻokō ai i ka hoʻopau aniani kūpono o nā welds kila kila ma ke kula?He aha ka hana inā pā ka uila iā ia?
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Czerny, ʻo ka hōʻike mua ʻana he papahana paʻakikī loa kēia i ka wā i hoʻomaka ai ke kūkulu ʻana a me ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā mea hana 30,000 paona.ʻO ke kila kila e kākoʻo ana i ke kiʻi.
ʻOiai ʻo ke kila kila kiʻekiʻe-zinc i hāʻawi ʻia e PSI e hōʻuluʻulu i ke kumu o ka substructure he mea maʻalahi ka hana ʻana, ʻo ka paepae o ka substructure he hapalua ma luna o ka hale ʻaina a me ka hapalua ma luna o ka paka kaʻa, kēlā me kēia ma kahi kiʻekiʻe ʻokoʻa.
"No laila he ʻano cantilevered a wobbly ka base," wahi a Czerny."Ma kahi a mākou i hoʻokomo ai i ka nui o kēia kila, me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pā ponoʻī, pono mākou e hoʻoikaika i ka crane i loko o kahi lua 5-foot."
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Czerny ua hoʻohana lākou i kahi ʻōnaehana heleuma maʻalahi, me kahi ʻōnaehana pre-tensioning mechanical e like me ka mea i hoʻohana ʻia i ka ʻeli lanahu a me kekahi mau heleuma kemika.I ka wā e hoʻopaʻa ʻia ai ke kumu o ka hale kila i ke kaʻa, pono ke kūkulu ʻia kahi superstructure kahi e hoʻopili ʻia ai ka pūpū.
"Ua hoʻomaka mākou e hoʻokomo i ka ʻōnaehana truss me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ʻelua mau apo kila stainless steel 304 nui i hana ʻia-hoʻokahi ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ka hale a hoʻokahi ma ka ʻaoʻao hema," wahi a Czerny (e nānā i ke Kiʻi 3).Hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā apo me nā ʻāpana tubular trusses.Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke apo apo subframe a hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma kahi me ka GMAW, ka wili lāʻau a me nā mea ʻoʻoleʻa welded.
“No laila, aia kahi superstructure nui i ʻike ʻole ʻia e kekahi;ʻo ia wale nō no ke kaʻina hana, "wahi a Czerny.
ʻOiai nā hana maikaʻi loa e hoʻolālā, ʻenekinia, hana a hoʻokomo i nā mea pono a pau no ka papahana ʻo Auckland, ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia kēia kiʻi kiʻi a hele pū ʻia nā ala hou me nā burrs a me nā ʻōpala.Pēlā nō, ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka manaʻo hana hana o kekahi hui i kekahi.Eia kekahi, ʻo ka mamao kino ma waena o nā pūnaewele ka mea i hoʻopaneʻe i ka hoʻouna ʻana, no laila kūpono ke hana ʻana ma ka pūnaewele.
"ʻOiai ua hoʻolālā ʻia ka hui a me nā kaʻina hana welding ma Auckland ma mua o ka manawa, pono nā kūlana kahua maoli i nā mea a pau e noʻonoʻo," wahi a Silva."A maikaʻi loa nā limahana uniona."
No nā mahina mua, ʻo ia ka hana maʻamau o ka MTH i kēlā me kēia lā e hoʻoholo ai i ka hana o ka lā a me ka maikaʻi o ka hana ʻana i kekahi o nā ʻāpana hui subframe, a me kekahi o nā struts, "shocks", lima, pine, a me nā studs.Wahi a Ayr, pono nā lāʻau pogo no ka hana ʻana i kahi ʻōnaehana ʻaoʻao.
“He hana hoʻolālā hoʻomau a me ka hana hana e hoʻomau i ka neʻe ʻana o nā mea a hiki koke i ke kahua.Hoʻohana mākou i ka manawa nui e hoʻokaʻawale i nā mea i loaʻa iā mākou, i kekahi mau manawa e hoʻolālā hou a hoʻolālā hou, a laila hana i nā ʻāpana a mākou e pono ai.
"Ma ka Pōʻalua e loaʻa iā mākou he 10 mau mea a mākou e hāʻawi ai i kahi i ka Pōʻakolu," wahi a Hill."He nui kā mākou hana keu a he nui nā hana ma ka hale kūʻai i hana ʻia i ke aumoe."
"Ma kahi o 75 pakeneka o nā ʻāpana hoʻomaha sideboard i hana ʻia a hoʻololi ʻia paha ma ke kula," wahi a Czerny."ʻElua mau manawa mākou i hana maoli ai no kahi lā 24-hola.Aia au ma ka hale kūʻai a hiki i ka hola 2, 3 am a hoʻi i ka hale e ʻauʻau, kiʻi i ka hola 5:30 a pulu mau..”
ʻO ka ʻōnaehana hoʻokuʻu pōkole MTN no ka hui ʻana i ka hull he pūnāwai, struts a me nā kaula.ʻO nā hui āpau ma waena o nā papa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me nā bolts."No laila ua pili ʻia ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa, hoʻokuʻu ʻia mai loko mai ma 304 trusses," wahi a Czerny.
Hoʻomaka lākou mai ka dome ma ke kumu o ke kiʻi omgala - "ka piko o ka piko".Ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka dome mai nā pahu me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi ʻōnaehana kākoʻo punawai hoʻomaha no ka manawa pōkole, ʻo ia hoʻi nā kaula, nā kaula a me nā pūnāwai.Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Czerny e hāʻawi ka pūnāwai i ka "bounce" i ka hoʻohui ʻia ʻana o nā papa.Hoʻoponopono ʻia nā pūnāwai ma muli o ke kaumaha i hoʻohui ʻia e kēlā me kēia pā e kaulike i ke kiʻi holoʻokoʻa.
Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia o nā papa 168 kona ʻōnaehana kākoʻo hoʻomaha punawai ʻehā no laila ua kākoʻo ʻia kēlā me kēia ma kahi."ʻAʻole ka manaʻo e loiloi nui i nā hui no ka mea ua hui pū ʻia kēlā mau hui e hoʻokō i kahi āpau 0/0," wahi a Cerny."Inā pā ka papa i ka papa ma lalo e hiki ke alakaʻi i ke kaua a me nā pilikia ʻē aʻe."
Ma ke ʻano he hōʻike i ka pololei o PSI, maikaʻi loa ka ʻaha, me ka pāʻani liʻiliʻi."Ua hana maikaʻi ʻo PSI i ka hana ʻana i nā panela," wahi a Czerny."Ke hāʻawi aku nei au iā lākou no ka mea, i ka hopena, kūpono maoli ʻo ia.Maikaʻi ke kūpono e kūpono iaʻu.Ke kamaʻilio maoli nei mākou e pili ana i nā tausani o ka ʻīniha.ʻO ka pā i hui ʻia he lihi pani.
"I ka pau ʻana o ka ʻaha kanaka, manaʻo ka nui o ka poʻe ua pau lākou," wahi a Silva, ʻaʻole wale no ka paʻa ʻana o nā humuhumu, akā, no ka mea, ua komo nā ʻāpana i hui pū ʻia, me kā lākou mau papa aniani i hoʻomaʻamaʻa maikaʻi ʻia, e hōʻike ana i kona puni..ʻIke ʻia naʻe nā hili ʻana, ʻaʻohe seams wai mercury.Eia kekahi, pono e hoʻopili piha ʻia ke kiʻi no ka mālama ʻana i kona kūpaʻa kūpono no nā hanauna e hiki mai ana, wahi a Silva.
Ua hoʻopaneʻe ʻia ka hoʻopau ʻana o ka puka ʻo Cloud i ka wā o ka wehe nui ʻana o ka paka i ka hāʻule o 2004, no laila ua lilo ʻo omhalus i GTAW ola, a ua hoʻomau ʻia kēia no kekahi mau mahina.
"Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā wahi ʻeleʻele liʻiliʻi a puni ka hale, ʻo ia nā hui solder TIG," wahi a Czerny."Ua hoʻomaka mākou e hoʻihoʻi i nā hale lole i Ianuali."
"ʻO ka luʻi hana nui e hiki mai ana no kēia papahana, ʻo ia ka wili ʻana i kahi hili me ka ʻole o ka nalowale ʻana o ke ʻano ma muli o ka emi ʻana o ka welding," wahi a Silva.
Wahi a Czerny, hāʻawi ka wili plasma i ka ikaika kūpono a me ka rigidity me ka liʻiliʻi o ka pilikia i ka lau.ʻO ka hui ʻana o 98% argon a me 2% helium ka mea maikaʻi loa i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka pollution a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka fusion.
Hoʻohana ka poʻe welder i nā ʻenehana wili plasma keyhole me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kumu mana Thermal Arc® a me nā hui tractor kūikawā a me nā lama i hoʻolālā ʻia a hoʻohana ʻia e PSI.