He mea maikaʻi loa kēia no ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, no laila he aha ka pilikia?Pono ʻia ka welding no ka hana ʻana i nā mea a pau mai kekahi o nā ʻano ʻoi aku o 150 o ke kila kila.He hana paʻakikī ka wiliwili ʻana i ke kila kila.ʻO kekahi o kēia mau pilikia e pili ana i ka hele ʻana o ka chromium oxide, pehea e hoʻomalu ai i ka hoʻokomo wela, ke kaʻina hana wili e hoʻohana ai, pehea e mālama ai i ka chromium hexavalent a pehea e hana pono ai.
ʻOiai ka paʻakikī o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana a me ka hoʻopau ʻana i kēia mea, ua kaulana ke kila kila a i kekahi manawa ʻo ia wale nō ke koho no nā ʻoihana he nui.ʻO ka ʻike pehea e hoʻohana ai me ka palekana a me ka wā e hoʻohana ai i kēlā me kēia kaʻina hana wili he mea koʻikoʻi ia i ka kūleʻa ʻana.Hiki i kēia ke kī i kahi ʻoihana holomua.
No laila, no ke aha he hana paʻakikī ka wili kila kuhiliʻole?Hoʻomaka ka pane me ka hana ʻana.ʻO ke kila māmā, ʻike ʻia hoʻi he kila māmā, ua hui ʻia me ka liʻiliʻi o 10.5% chromium e hana i ke kila kila.ʻO ka chromium i hoʻohui ʻia e hana i kahi papa o ka chromium oxide ma ka ʻili o ke kila, kahi e pale ai i ka hapa nui o nā ʻano ʻino a me ka ʻōpala.Hoʻohui nā mea hana i nā nui like ʻole o ka chromium a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i ke kila e hoʻololi i ka maikaʻi o ka huahana hope, a laila hoʻohana i kahi ʻōnaehana helu ʻekolu e hoʻokaʻawale i nā māka.
He 304 a me 316 ka mea ma'amau o ia mau mea, he 18 ka nui o ka chromium a me ka 8 pakeneka nickel a ua hoohana ia i na mea a pau mai ke ka'a ka'a a i na lako kīhini.316 kila kuhiliʻole i emi chromium (16%) a oi nickel (10%), akā, he 2% molybdenum.Hāʻawi kēia pūhui i ka 316 stainless steel ke kū'ē hou aku i nā chloride a me nā chlorine solutions, e lilo ia i mea koho maikaʻi loa no nā kaiapuni moana a me nā ʻoihana kemika a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau.
Hiki i kahi papa o chromium oxide ke hōʻoia i ka maikaʻi o ke kila kila, akā ʻo ia ka mea e huhū nui ai ka poʻe welder.Hoʻonui kēia pale pono i ka haʻalulu o ka ʻili o ka metala, e hoʻolōʻihi i ka hana ʻana o kahi wai wai weld.ʻO ka hewa maʻamau ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hoʻokomo wela, no ka mea, hoʻonui ka wela i ka wai o ka puddle.Eia naʻe, hiki i kēia ke hoʻopōʻino i ke kila kila.Hiki i ka wela nui ke ho'oulu hou i ka oxidation a warp a wela paha ma ka metala kumu.Hoʻohui ʻia me ka metala i hoʻohana ʻia i nā ʻoihana nui e like me ka exhaust automotive, lilo kēia i mea nui.
Hoʻopau maikaʻi ka wela i ke kūpaʻa ʻino o ke kila kila.Hoʻohana ʻia ka wela nui i ka wā e huli ai ka weld a i ʻole ka wahi i hoʻopili ʻia i ka wela a puni (HAZ).Hoʻopuka ʻia nā kala kupaianaha mai ke gula ʻeleʻele a i ka uliuli ʻeleʻele a me ka poni.He kiʻi maikaʻi kēia mau kala, akā hōʻike paha i nā welds i kūpono ʻole i kekahi mau koi wili.ʻAʻole makemake nā kikoʻī koʻikoʻi i ka kala weld.
Ua ʻae ʻia ʻo ka welding tungsten arc pale kinoea (GTAW) i kūpono no ke kila kila.Ma ka mōʻaukala, ua ʻoiaʻiʻo kēia ma ke ʻano ākea.He ʻoiaʻiʻo nō kēia i ka wā e hoʻāʻo ai mākou e lawe i kēlā mau kala wiwo ʻole i loko o ka ulana kiʻi no ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā kūlana kiʻekiʻe loa i nā ʻoihana e like me ka mana nuklea a me ka aerospace.Eia nō naʻe, ua hana ka ʻenehana wiliwili inverter hou i ka wiliwili metala arc (GMAW) i mea maʻamau no ka hana ʻana i ke kila kila, ʻaʻole wale i nā ʻōnaehana automated a i ʻole robotic.
No ka mea ʻo GMAW kahi kaʻina hānai uea semi-aunoa, hāʻawi ia i ka helu deposition kiʻekiʻe, e kōkua ana e hōʻemi i ka hoʻokomo wela.Wahi a kekahi poʻe maikaʻi, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻohana ʻana ma mua o ka GTAW no ka mea ʻoi aku ka hilinaʻi ma ke akamai o ka welder a ʻoi aku ma luna o ke akamai o ke kumu mana wili.He wahi moot kēia, akā ʻo ka hapa nui o nā lako mana GMAW hou e hoʻohana i nā laina synergy i hoʻonohonoho mua ʻia.Hoʻolālā ʻia kēia mau papahana e hoʻonohonoho i nā ʻāpana e like me ke ʻano o kēia manawa a me ka voltage, e pili ana i ka metala hoʻopiha i hoʻokomo ʻia e ka mea hoʻohana, ka mānoanoa waiwai, ke ʻano kinoea a me ke anawaena uea.
Hiki i kekahi mau mea hoʻohuli ke hoʻololi i ke arc i loko o ke kaʻina hana hoʻoheheʻe e hana mau i kahi arc pololei, mālama i nā āpau ma waena o nā ʻāpana, a mālama i nā wikiwiki huakaʻi kiʻekiʻe e hoʻokō i ka hana a me nā kūlana maikaʻi.He ʻoiaʻiʻo loa kēia no ka welding automated a i ʻole robotic, akā pili pū kekahi i ka welding manual.Hāʻawi kekahi mau lako mana ma ka mākeke i kahi pānaʻi paʻi lima a me nā mana kukui no ka hoʻonohonoho maʻalahi.
He hana paʻakikī ka wiliwili ʻana i ke kila kila.ʻO kekahi o kēia mau pilikia e pili ana i ka hele ʻana o ka chromium oxide, pehea e hoʻomalu ai i ka hoʻokomo wela, ke kaʻina hana wili e hoʻohana ai, pehea e mālama ai i ka chromium hexavalent a pehea e hana pono ai.
ʻO ke koho ʻana i ke kinoea kūpono no ka GTAW e hilinaʻi maʻamau i ka ʻike a i ʻole ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hoʻāʻo welding.ʻO GTAW, ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo tungsten inert gas (TIG), i ka hapanui o nā hihia, hoʻohana wale i ke kinoea inert, maʻamau argon, helium, a i ʻole ka hui ʻana o nā mea ʻelua.ʻO ka hoʻokomo pono ʻole ʻia o ke kinoea pale a i ʻole ka wela e hiki ke hoʻolilo i kekahi weld e lilo i mea nui a i ʻole e like me ke kaula, a e pale aku kēia i ka hui ʻana me ka metala a puni, e hopena i kahi weld maikaʻi ʻole a kūpono ʻole paha.ʻO ka hoʻoholo ʻana i kahi hui ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi no kēlā me kēia weld hiki ke manaʻo i ka nui o ka hoʻāʻo a me ka hewa.ʻO nā laina hana GMAW kaʻana like e kōkua i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka manawa pau ʻole i nā noi hou, akā ke koi ʻia ka maikaʻi ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī, ʻo ke ʻano hana kuʻi ʻana ʻo GTAW ke ʻano makemake.
ʻO ka wiliwili ʻana i ke kila kila he pilikia olakino i ka poʻe me ka lama.ʻO ka pōʻino nui loa ke kau ʻia e nā uahi i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i ke kaʻina hana kuʻi.Hoʻopuka ka chromium wela i kahi pūhui i kapa ʻia hexavalent chromium, i ʻike ʻia e hōʻino i ka ʻōnaehana hanu, nā puʻupaʻa, nā ate, ka ʻili a me nā maka a hoʻoulu i ka maʻi kanesa.Pono nā welders e hoʻohana i nā mea pale, me ka respirator, a e hōʻoia i ka hoʻoheheʻe maikaʻi ʻia o ka lumi ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana i ka wili.
ʻAʻole pau nā pilikia me ke kila kila ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka wili.Pono ke kila kila i ka nānā kūikawā i ka hana hoʻopau.ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka palalaki kila a i ʻole ka pā poni i haumia me ke kila kalapona hiki ke hōʻino i ka papa chromium oxide pale.ʻOiai ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia ka pōʻino, hiki i kēia mau mea haumia ke hoʻololi i ka huahana i hoʻopau ʻia i ka ʻōpala a i ʻole nā ​​​​corrosion ʻē aʻe.
ʻO Terrence Norris ʻo ia ka ʻenehana noiʻi kiʻekiʻe ma Fronius USA LLC, 6797 Fronius Drive, Portage, IN 46368, 219-734-5500, www.fronius.us.
He mea kākau manuahi ʻo Rhonda Zatezalo no Crearies Marketing Design LLC, 248-783-6085, www.crearies.com.
Ua hoʻolilo ka ʻenehana wiliwili inverter hou i ke kinoea GMAW ma ke ʻano maʻamau no ka hana ʻana i ke kila kila, ʻaʻole wale i nā ʻōnaehana a i ʻole robotic.
ʻO WELDER, i kapa mua ʻia ʻo Practical Welding Today, e hōʻike ana i ka poʻe maoli e hana i nā huahana a mākou e hoʻohana ai a hana pū me kēlā me kēia lā.Ke lawelawe nei kēia nūpepa i ke kaiāulu wiliwili ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau no nā makahiki he 20.
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