Mahalo iā ʻoe no ka kipa ʻana iā Nature.com. ʻO ka polokalamu kele pūnaewele āu e hoʻohana nei he kākoʻo liʻiliʻi no CSS. No ka ʻike maikaʻi loa, paipai mākou e hoʻohana ʻoe i kahi polokalamu kele hou (a i ʻole e hoʻopau i ke ʻano hoʻohālikelike i Internet Explorer).
ʻO ka lawe ʻana i Sui-Chongqing railway slope ma ke ʻano he mea noiʻi, ka pale ʻana i ka lepo, ka electrochemistry lepo (ka hiki ke corrosion, ka hiki ke redox, ka gradient a me ka pH), nā anion lepo (nā paʻakai hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, Cl-, SO42- a me ka lepo Nutrition. s a me nā hōʻailona piha o ka lepo artificial. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā kumu ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka hopena o ka wai i ka corrosion o ka ʻupena pale slope, a ukali ʻia e ka anion content. Ua ikaika ka rosion ma ka waena a me ka pali lalo. Ua hoʻopili nui ʻia ka mea organik i ka lepo me ka gradient hiki ke loaʻa.
I ke kūkulu ʻana i nā ala kaʻaahi, nā alanui a me nā mea mālama wai, ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻalo ʻia nā puka mauna. 008 Wenchuan ōlaʻi. Ua lilo ka ʻāina he ōlaʻi i laha nui ʻia a me ke olai nui1.Ma ka loiloi 2008 o 4,243 kilomita o nā alanui kumu nui ma Sichuan Province, aia he 1,736 mau pōʻino ōlaʻi koʻikoʻi ma nā alanui a me nā pā paʻa slope, helu no 39.76% o ka lōʻihi o ka loiloi. 10 makahiki (Taiwan ōlaʻi) a hiki i ka lōʻihi o 40-50 makahiki (Kanto ōlaʻi ma Iapana) 4,5. Gradient ke kumu nui e pili ana i ke olai 6,7. No laila, pono e malama i ke alanui a hooikaika i kona paʻa. ʻO nā kumu meaʻai e like me ka organik, nitrogen, phosphorus, a me ka potassium, a ʻaʻohe wahi lepo e pono ai no ka ulu ʻana o nā mea kanu. ʻO ka ʻāina kūlohelohe i hoʻohana ʻia no ka pīpī ʻana i haku ʻia me ka pōhaku ʻoki ʻia, ka ʻāina mahiʻai, ka mauʻu, ka mea hoʻohuihui, ka mea mālama wai a me ka mea hoʻopili (nā mea hoʻopili maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia me Portland cement, organic glue a me ka asphalt emulsifier) ​​ma kekahi ʻano. ʻO ka 14 # daimana-like mesh mesh i piha galvanized ka hapanui hoʻohana, me ka mesh maʻamau o 5cm × 5cm a me ke anawaena o 2mm. The mesh mesh hiki i ka lepo matrix e hana i ka lōʻihi monolithic slab ma luna o ka pōhaku ili. He mea koʻikoʻi ia no ka loiloi ʻana i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻana o ka mesh mesh a me ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā pōʻino o ka ʻāina.
Manaʻo ʻia he kuleana koʻikoʻi nā aʻa mea kanu i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka pali a me ka hoʻomalu ʻana i ka erosion10,11,12,13,14. No ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā pali e kūʻē i ka ʻāina pāpaʻu, hiki ke hoʻohana i nā mea kanu no ka mea hiki i nā aʻa mea kanu ke hoʻoponopono i ka lepo e pale ai i ka ʻāina 15,16,17. ʻO nā mea kanu lāʻau, ʻoi aku nā kumu lāʻau, kōkua i ka hana ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana pale a me nā kumu lāʻau. ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā kumu hoʻolālā aʻa e alakaʻi ʻia e nā genes, a he mea koʻikoʻi ka ʻāina o ka lepo i kēia mau kaʻina. He ʻokoʻa ka corrosion i nā metala me ka ʻāina lepo20. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka corrosion o nā metala i loko o ka lepo e hiki ke hele mai ka hemo wikiwiki a hiki i ka hopena haʻahaʻa. s of years22,23,24. Ma mua o ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka mea kanu lāʻau i kahi ʻōnaehana paʻa a me ka ʻōnaehana kaiaola, inā hiki i ka mesh mesh i hui pū ʻia me ka pali pōhaku a me ka lepo kūlohelohe e pili pono i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka hoʻokele waiwai, ka palekana o ke ola a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana o ka ʻāina kaiaola.
Eia naʻe, hiki i ka corrosion o nā metala ke alakaʻi i nā poho nui. E like me kahi noiʻi i hana ʻia ma Kina i nā makahiki 1980 mua ma nā mīkini kemika a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe, ʻo nā poho i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka ʻino metala i helu ʻia no 4% o ka nui o ka waiwai. de material, and stray currents can also cause corrosion.No laila, he mea nui e pale aku i ka corrosion o na metala i kanuia ma ka lepo.I keia manawa, ka noiʻi e pili ana i kanu metala corrosion nui ka nānā 'ana i (1) kumu e pili ana i kanu metala corrosion25;(2) nā ala pale metala26,27;(3) nā ʻano hoʻokolokolo no ke kiʻekiʻe o ka corrosion metala28;ʻO ka ʻino ma nā ʻano media like ʻole. Akā naʻe, ʻo nā ʻāina āpau i loko o ke aʻo ʻana he kūlohelohe ia a ua lawa ka hana ʻana i ka lepo.
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā media corrosive ʻē aʻe, loaʻa i ka lepo artificial nā ʻano o ka illiquidity, heterogeneity, seasonality a me regionality. ma luna o ka maʻiʻo, pH, lepo microbes30,31,32.
I loko o 30 mau makahiki o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana, ʻo ka nīnau e pili ana i ka mālama mau ʻana i nā ʻāina kūlohelohe ma nā pali pōhaku he pilikia33. ʻAʻole hiki i nā kumu lāʻau a i ʻole nā ​​​​lāʻau ke ulu ma kekahi mau pali ma hope o 10 mau makahiki o ka mālama lima ʻana ma muli o ka ʻā ʻana o ka lepo. ʻO ke ala slope corrosion e pili ana i ka corrosion o ke kaʻaahi kahua kaʻaahi grounding grid, stray current corrosion i hana ʻia e ka māmā rail, a me ka corrosion o nā alahaka alahao34,35, tracks a me nā lako kaʻa ʻē aʻe36.There have no reports of corrosion of the railway slope protection metal mesh.This paper and electrochemical soil ming e wānana i ka ʻino metala ma o ka loiloi ʻana i nā waiwai o ka lepo a hāʻawi i kumu kumu no ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana o ka kaiaola lepo a me ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana.
Aia ka wahi ho'āʻo ma ka puʻu o Sichuan (30°32′N, 105°32′E) ma kahi o Suining Railway Station. Aia ka wahi i waenakonu o ka Basin Sichuan, me nā mauna haʻahaʻa a me nā puʻu, me ka hoʻolālā honua maʻalahi a me ka ʻāina palahalaha. ʻAʻole maikaʻi kēia, a ʻo ka pōhaku he hale paʻa. ʻO ka wahi aʻo he subtropical humid monsoon climate me nā hiʻohiʻona o ke kau o ka punawai mua, ke kauwela wela, pōkole ke kau a me ka hopena o ka hoʻoilo. ʻO 39.3 ° C ka mahina anu loa (ʻo Ianuali ka awelika o ka mahana (6.5 ° C), ʻo ka wela haʻahaʻa loa he -3.8 ° C, a ʻo 920 mm ka ua awelika makahiki, ʻoi aku ka nui ma Iulai a me ʻAukake.ʻO ka māhele o ka ua i kēlā me kēia kau o ka makahiki he 19-21%, 51-54%, 22-24% a me 4-5%.
ʻO ka pae noiʻi he slope ma kahi o 45 ° ma ka pali o ka Yu-Sui Railway i kūkulu ʻia ma 2003. Ma ʻApelila 2012, ua kū i ka hema i loko o 1 km o ka Suining Railway Station.Ua hoʻohana ʻia ka slope kūlohelohe ma ke ʻano he control.The ecological restoration of the slope adopts the foreign topdressing soil spraying technology for ecological restoration.According to the height of the railway side slope, the slope can division into upslope, mid-slope and downslope (Fig. 2). nā huahana o ka lepo mesh mesh, mākou wale hoʻohana i ka kuhiliʻole kila shovel e lawe i ka lepo ili 0-8cm.Eha replicates i hoonohoia no kela a me keia slope kulana, me 15-20 random sampling wahi no replicate.Each replicate mea he hui ia o 15-20 randomly hooholo mai S-shaped laina sampling points.The hou kaumaha ma kahi o 50 ke hoʻohana 'ana i ka polima. maloʻo maoli ka lepo, a ʻohi ʻia nā ʻiliʻili a me nā koena holoholona a me nā mea kanu, ʻoki ʻia me kahi lāʻau agate, a kānana ʻia me kahi kānana nylon 20-mesh, 100-mesh koe wale nā ​​mea ʻāpana.
Ua ana ʻia ka resistivity lepo e ka VICTOR4106 grounding resistance tester i hana ʻia e Shengli Instrument Company;ua ana ʻia ka resistivity o ka lepo ma ke kula;Ua ana ʻia ka mākū o ka lepo ma ke ʻano hoʻomaloʻo. ʻO ka DMP-2 portable digital mv/pH mea kani impedance kiʻekiʻe no ke ana ʻana i ka hiki ʻana i ka lepo. EDTA Keʻano Titration, ʻelua hōʻailona titration ala no ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka lepo carbonate a me ka bicarbonate, potassium dichromate oxidation hoʻomehana ʻana e hoʻoholo ai i ka lepo organik, alkaline solution diffusion method e hoʻoholo ai i ka lepo alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, H2SO4-HClO4 digestion Mo-Sb colorimetric method Ka huina o ka phosphorus i ka lepo a me ka loaʻa o ka phosphorus content i loko o ka lepo (0. L. Hoʻoholo ʻia e ka sodium hydroxide fusion-flame photometry.
Ua ho'onohonoho 'ia ka 'ikepili ho'okolohua.
Hōʻike ka Papa 1 i nā waiwai electromechanical, nā anion a me nā meaʻai o ka lepo me nā pali like ʻole. ʻO ka hiki ke corrosion, resistivity lepo a me ka hikina-komohana hikina hikina o nā pali like ʻole he mea nui loa (P <0.05). slope>downslope>middle slope. ʻO ka pH lepo ka waiwai ma ke ʻano o ka iho ʻana>piʻi>waena waena>ka slope kūlohelohe.Total soluble paakai, natural slope ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka pali kaʻaahi (P <0.05). ʻO ka nui o ka paʻakai soluble maʻiʻo o ke kolu-grade railway slope slope loaʻa i ka soluble ka lepo ma luna o ka 500 mg o ka lepo. ʻO ka nui o nā mea olaola ka mea kiʻekiʻe loa ma ka pali maoli a ʻo ka haʻahaʻa loa ma ka pali iho (P <0.05).ʻO ka mea i loaʻa ka nitrogen ka mea kiʻekiʻe loa ma ka iho a me ka waena waena, a ʻo ka haʻahaʻa loa ma ka pali maoli;ʻO ka nui o ka naikokene maʻiʻo o ke kaʻaahi piʻi a me lalo i lalo, akā, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka mea i loaʻa.
ʻO ka resistivity lepo kahi helu kuhikuhi e hōʻike ana i ka conductivity uila a me kahi ʻāpana kumu no ka hoʻokolokolo ʻana i ka corrosion lepo. ʻO nā mea e pili ana i ka resistivity lepo e pili ana i ka moisture content, ka nui o ka paʻakai soluble content, pH, texture soil, temperature, organic matter content, soil temperature, and tightness. Generally speaking, soils with low resistivity are more corrosive, and vice versa. nā pae hoʻohālike no kēlā me kēia index37,38.
Wahi a nā hopena hoʻāʻo a me nā kūlana ma koʻu ʻāina (Papa 1), inā loiloi wale ʻia ka ʻino o ka lepo e ka resistivity lepo, ʻoi loa ka ʻino o ka lepo ma ka pali piʻi;ʻo ka lepo ma ka pali iho he ʻano ʻino;he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ka ʻinoʻino o ka lepo ma ka pali waena a me ka pali maoli.
He emi loa ka pale ʻana o ka lepo o ka pali ma mua o nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ka pali, ʻo ia paha ke kumu o ka ua.ʻo 3m ka mamao o ka puʻu;ʻO ka hohonu o ka pahu kaʻa ma lalo o 15cm. Hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ka hopena o ke ana ʻana.
Ma muli o keʻano o ka pilina pili nui, ka mea e hana ai ka lewa o ka siktan E piʻi aʻe i luna i ka lepo.i ka manawa o ka ulu a me nā mea kanu kepaha no ka paleʻana, akā e hoʻoiho waleʻia i ka nui o nā holoholona. E hōʻemi i ka'ōkuhi o ka lepo lepo e ka wai ma ka wai.
He mea ko'iko'i ka 'ino'ino i ka 'ino o ka upena pale slope ma ka 'ilikai 'ekolu, a 'o ia ka hopena nui loa ma ka pali pi'i (Table 2). Ma lalo o na 'ano ma'amau, 'a'ole e loli nui ka 'ino'ino i loko o kahi kaiapuni. ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana kaʻa, ʻaʻole hiki ke nānā ʻia ka ʻōnaehana kaʻaahi o koʻu ʻāina i ka electrification nui, a me ka ʻino ʻana o nā metala i kanu ʻia ma muli o ka leaka pololei ʻana mai nā alahao uila ʻaʻole hiki ke nānā ʻia.i ka wā e hiki mai ana ka gradient ma waena o 0.5 mv/m a hiki i 5.0 mv/m, he haʻahaʻa ke au hele hewa;ke oi aku ka gradient ma mua o 5.0 mv/m, ua kiʻekiʻe ke kiʻekiʻe o ke au o kēia manawa. Ua hōʻike ʻia ka pae lana o ka gradient hiki (EW) o ka waena waena, ka piʻi a me ka pali lalo ma ke Kiʻi 3. Ma ke ʻano o ka lana ʻana, aia nā au i ka hikina-komohana a me ka ʻākau-hema o ka ʻaoʻao koʻikoʻi. ʻO ka ʻili o nā metala ma waena o ka pali a me lalo, ʻoi aku ma waena o ka pali.
ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ʻo ka hiki ʻana o ka redox lepo (Eh) ma luna o 400 mV e hōʻike ana i ka hiki ke oxidizing, ma luna o 0-200 mV ka hiki ke hoʻemi ʻia, a ma lalo o 0 mV ka hiki ke hoʻemi nui. ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o 500 mv, a he liʻiliʻi loa ke kiʻekiʻe o ka corrosion. Hōʻike ia i ka maikaʻi o ke kūlana ventilation lepo o ka ʻāina slope maikaʻi, ʻaʻole kūpono i ka ʻino o nā microorganism anaerobic i ka lepo.
Ua ʻike mua nā haʻawina i ka hopena o ka pH lepo ma ka ʻāʻī ʻana o ka lepo. nawaliwali ka poino o ka metala.
E like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia mai ka Papa 3, ua hōʻike ʻia ka hoʻopili pili ʻana i ka hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻana o ka hiki redox a me ke kūlana slope (R2 = 0.858), ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka hiki ke ʻino a me ka gradient (SN) (R2 = 0.755), a ʻo ka hiki ke hoʻololi a me ka gradient hiki (R2 = 0.858).Aia ka pilina maikaʻi ʻole ma waena o ka hiki a me ka pH (R2 = -0.724). ʻAʻole i hoʻololi pinepine ʻia i ka wā o ke kaʻina hana redox lepo, akā loaʻa kahi pilina linear maikaʻi ʻole. Hiki ke hōʻike i ka hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka hiki ke loaʻa a nalowale nā ​​electrons.
ʻO ka nui o ka paʻakai o ka lepo, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka paʻakai o ka lepo, no laila e hoʻonui ai i ka pale ʻana o ka lepo. metala a me ka lepo o ka hoʻoheheʻe oxygen53.
ʻO ka hapa nui o ka paʻakai i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i loko o ka lepo ʻaʻole i komo pololei i nā hopena electrochemical, akā pili i ka corrosion metala ma o ka resistivity lepo. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka paʻakai lepo, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka conductivity lepo a ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka erosion o ka lepo. ʻO kekahi kumu ʻē aʻe paha ʻo ka ʻike ʻana o ka ʻili kūlohelohe i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka lepo oʻo (ʻo ka lepo makua mea i hana ʻia e ka wā pōhaku), akā ua haku ʻia ka lepo pali o ke kaʻaahi i nā ʻāpana pōhaku i ʻoki ʻia e like me ka matrix o "ka lepo artificial", a ʻaʻole i hana i kahi kaʻina hana lepo kūpono.ʻAʻole i hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā minerala. Eia kekahi, ua piʻi ka paʻakai i loko o ka lepo hohonu o nā pali maoli ma o ka hana capillary i ka wā o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka ʻili a hōʻiliʻili ʻia i ka lepo o ka ʻili, e hopena i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ʻike o nā ion paʻakai ma ka ʻili o ka lepo.
ʻO nā ion maikaʻi (e like me K +, Na +, Ca2 +, Mg2 +, Al3 +, a me nā mea'ē aʻe) he liʻiliʻi ka hopena i kaʻino o ka lepo,ʻoiaiʻo nā anion e hana nui i ke kaʻina hana electrochemical o ka corrosion a loaʻa ka hopena nui i kaʻinoʻino.ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka Cl− maʻiʻo, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka ʻino o ka lepo.SO42− ʻaʻole ia e hoʻoikaika wale i ka ʻino o ke kila, akā ke kumu hoʻi i ka corrosion ma kekahi mau mea paʻa54. Hoʻopau pū kekahi i ka hao. ua hōʻike i ka pohō kaumaha o ke kila kalapona i loko o ka lepo alkaline ua aneane like me ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka chloride a me nā ion sulfate56,57. Lee et al.ua ʻike ʻo SO42- hiki ke keʻakeʻa i ka ʻino, akā hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā lua ʻino i hana mua ʻia58.
E like me ka maʻamau o ka corrosiveness loiloi maʻamau a me nā hopena hoʻāʻo, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka chloride ion ma kēlā me kēia slope soil sample ma luna o 100 mg / kg, e hōʻike ana i ka corrosiveness lepo ikaika. Ua nāwaliwali ka ʻino o ka lepo. Ke loaʻa ka ʻano o ka lepo i kahi koʻikoʻi kiʻekiʻe, e komo ia i ka hopena a hana i ka unahi corrosion ma ka ʻili o ka electrode metala, a laila e hoʻolōʻihi i ka hopena corrosion.i ka hoʻomau ʻana o ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka hoʻonui ʻana, uhi ʻia ke ʻano o ka corrosion i ka ʻili o ka electrode metala, a hōʻike ka corrosion rate i ke ʻano lohi hou59. Ua ʻike ʻia ka haʻawina he haʻahaʻa ka nui o ka lepo a no laila ua liʻiliʻi ka hopena i ka corrosion.
Wahi a ka Papa 4, ua hōʻike ʻia ka pilina ma waena o ka slope a me ka anion lepo he pilina maikaʻi koʻikoʻi ma waena o ka slope a me nā ion chloride (R2=0.836), a me ka pilina maikaʻi ma waena o ka slope a me ka nui o nā paʻakai soluble (R2=0.742).
Hōʻike kēia i ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā paʻakai hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ka lepo. He pilina maikaʻi nui ma waena o nā paʻakai hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a me nā ion chloride, ʻo ia paha no ka nui o nā paʻakai hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, a ʻo ka maʻiʻo o nā paʻakai hiki ke hoʻoholo i ka ʻokoʻa o ka chloride ions. ka ʻāpana metala.
ʻO ka mea olaola, ka nui o ka nitrogen, ka nitrogen i loaʻa, ka phosphorus i loaʻa a me ka potassium i loaʻa nā meaʻai kumu o ka lepo, e pili ana i ka maikaʻi o ka lepo a me ka absorption o nā meaʻai e ka ʻōnaehana kumu. o ka lepo hana, he mea pono e hoomaopopo pono i na mea ai iloko o ka lepo.
Hōʻike ka noiʻi ʻo ka ʻike o ka mea organik ka mea kiʻekiʻe loa ma ka lepo kūlohelohe ma hope o ke kaʻina hana o ka lepo holoʻokoʻa. - Ua kiʻekiʻe ka uhi ʻana o nā mea kanu a me nā ʻokoʻa, akā haʻahaʻa ka homogeneity, hiki ke alakaʻi i ka hāʻawi ʻole ʻia o nā meaʻai o ka ʻili.
ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen maʻiʻo o nā ala kaʻa piʻi, waena a me lalo o ka pali, e hōʻike ana ua ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka organik nitrogen mineralization o ka pali o ke kaʻaahi. 61. E like me ka hopena o ka noiʻi 62, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻike o nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi i loko o ka lepo o nā pali kaʻaahi ma mua o nā pali kūlohelohe. % a hiki i 99.79% o ka huina poho o ke alahao.
E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ka Papa 4, ua like ka pilina maikaʻi ma waena o ke kūlana slope a me ka phosphorus i loaʻa (R2=0.948), a ua like ka pilina ma waena o ke kūlana slope a me ka potassium i loaʻa (R2=0.898).
He mea nui ka gradient e pili ana i ka waiwai o ka lepo a me ka hoonui nitrogen66, a o ka li'ili'i o ka gradient, oi ka nui o ka waiwai. orus a me ka potassium i loaʻa i ka lepo. No laila, ua nui ka pilina ma waena o ke kūlana slope a me ka phosphorus i loaʻa, a me ke kūlana slope a me ka potassium i loaʻa.
I mea e akaka ai ka pilina ma waena o nā meaʻai lepo a me ka ʻino ʻana o ka lepo, pono e kālailai i ka pilina. E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ka Papa 5, ua hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻia ka hiki ʻana o redox me ka nitrogen i loaʻa (R2 = -0.845) a pili maikaʻi me ka phosphorus i loaʻa (R2 = 0.842) a me ka potassium i loaʻa (R2 = 0.980 ke kino o ka redox). nā waiwai o ka lepo, a laila pili i nā ʻano waiwai o ka lepo.No laila, he mea koʻikoʻi ia i ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ke kuhikuhi o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka meaʻai lepo67. Hiki i nā ʻano redox like ʻole ke hopena i nā mokuʻāina like ʻole a me ka loaʻa ʻana o nā kumu meaʻai.
Ma waho aʻe o nā mea metala, pili pū ka hiki ke ʻino i nā waiwai lepo. Ua hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻia ka hiki ʻana o ka corrosion me ka mea olaola, e hōʻike ana he hopena koʻikoʻi ka mea organik i ka hiki ke ʻino. he pilina maikaʻi ʻole ma waena o ka pH lepo a me ka pālolo i loaʻa (R2 = -0.728).
ʻO ka nitrogen i loaʻa ua pili maikaʻi loa ia me ka nui o nā paʻakai hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a me nā ion chloride, a ʻo ka phosphorus i loaʻa a me ka potassium i loaʻa ua hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻia me ka nui o nā paʻakai soluble a me nā ion chloride. , a pili pono loa me ka bicarbonate, e hōʻike ana i ka nui o ka nitrogen i ka hopena o ka sulfate a me ka bicarbonate. He ʻuʻuku ka makemake o nā mea kanu i nā ion sulfate a me nā ion bicarbonate, no laila ua manuahi ka hapa nui o lākou i ka lepo a i ʻole ʻia e nā colloids lepo. .
ʻO ka lepo kahi ʻōnaehana paʻakikī a me nā waiwai.ʻO ka corrosivity lepo ka hopena o ka hana synergistic o nā kumu he nui.No laila, hoʻohana ʻia kahi ʻano loiloi piha no ka loiloi ʻana i ka corrosivity o ka lepo. Me ka pili ʻana i ka "Code for Geotechnical Engineering Investigation" (GB50021-94) a me nā ʻano hoʻāʻo o China Soil Corrosion Test Network, hiki ke loiloi piha ʻia ka papa corrosion lepo e like me nā kūlana aʻe: (1) ʻO ka loiloi ʻana ʻaʻohe corrosion nāwaliwali, ʻaʻole ikaika ka corrosion;(2) inā ʻaʻohe ʻino ikaika, ua loiloi ʻia ʻo ia he ʻano corrosion haʻahaʻa;(3) inā he hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha mau wahi o ka corrosion ikaika, ua loiloi ʻia ʻo ia ka corrosion ikaika;(4) inā he 3 a ʻoi aku paha nā wahi o ka corrosion ikaika, ua loiloi ʻia ʻo ia ka corrosion ikaika no ka corrosion koʻikoʻi.
E like me ka resistivity lepo, redox potential, water content, paakai content, pH value, and Cl- a me SO42- content, the corrosion grades of soil samples at various slopes were comprehensively evaluated.
He mea koʻikoʻi ka hiki ʻana o ka corrosion i ka ʻino o ka ʻupena pale. slopes.The total soluble paakai maʻiʻo i loko o ka lepo o ka luna, waena a me lalo slopes a pau ma luna o 500 mg / kg, a me ka corrosion hopena ma luna o ka slope palekana upena ua moderate.Soil ka wai maʻiʻo mea nui e pili ana i ka corrosion o meshes meshes ma waena o ka pali a me ka lalo-slope, a ua oi aku ka hopena ma luna o ka corrosion o ka nui o ka lepo ma laila. he mau hana microbial a me ka ulu wikiwiki.
Hōʻike ka noiʻi ʻana i ka hiki ke corrosion, ka gradient hiki, ka nui o ka paʻakai hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a me ka ʻike wai nā kumu nui e pili ana i ka ʻino ʻana o ka lepo ma nā pali ʻekolu, a ua loiloi ʻia ka corrosiveness o ka lepo ma ke ʻano he ikaika. ʻino, hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka ulu ʻana o ka mea kanu, a hoʻopaʻa hope i ka pali.
Pehea e ʻōlelo ai i kēia ʻatikala: Chen, J. et al. Nā hopena o ka haku ʻana i ka lepo a me ka electrochemistry i ka ʻino ʻana o ka pūnaewele pali pōhaku ma kahi laina kaʻaahi Kina.science.Rep.5, 14939;doi: 10.1038/srep14939 (2015).
Lin, YL & Yang, GL Nā hiʻohiʻona hiʻona o nā pali lalo o ke kaʻaahi ma lalo o ka hoʻoulu ʻia ʻana o ke olai. pōʻino kūlohelohe.69, 219–235 (2013).
Sui Wang, J. et al. Ka nānā 'ana i ka pō'ino ma'amau o ke olai o nā ala nui ma Wenchuan i ho'opilikia 'ia i ka 'ōla'i o Sichuan Province[J].Ka Nupepa Pākē o ka Rock Mechanics and Engineering.28, 1250–1260 (2009).
Weilin, Z., Zhenyu, L. & Jinsong, J. Ke kālailai pōʻino Seismic a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā alahaka ala ma Wenchuan earthquake. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering.28, 1377–1387 (2009).
Lin, CW, Liu, SH, Lee, SY & Liu, CC Ka hopena o ke ōlaʻi o Chichi i nā hili ʻāina i hoʻoulu ʻia e ka ua ma hope o Taiwan.Engineering Geology.86, 87–101 (2006).
Koi, T. et al. Nā hopena lōʻihi o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻana o ke ōlaʻi i ka hana ʻana i ka sediment ma kahi kahawai mauna: Tanzawa region, Japan.geomorphology.101, 692–702 (2008).
Hongshuai, L., Jingshan, B. & Dedong, L. He loiloi o ka noiʻi e pili ana i ka seismic stability analysis of geotechnical slopes.Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration.25, 164–171 (2005).
Yue Ping, Ka noiʻi ʻana i nā pōʻino honua i hoʻokumu ʻia e ke olai Wenchuan ma Sichuan.Nūpepa no ka ʻenekinia Geology 4, 7–12 (2008).
Ali, F. Slope protection with vegetation: root mechanics of some tropical plants.International Journal of Physical Sciences.5, 496–506 (2010).
Takyu, M., Aiba, SI & Kitayama, K. Topographic effects on tropical low montane forests under different geological conditions in Mount Kinabalu, Borneo.Plant Ecology.159, 35–49 (2002).
Stokes, A. et al. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona aʻa o nā mea kanu kūpono no ka pale ʻana i nā pali kūlohelohe a me ka ʻenekinia mai ka ʻāina.
De Baets, S., Poesen, J., Gyssels, G. & Knapen, A. Nā hopena o nā aʻa mauʻu ma luna o ka lepo erodibility i ka wā e kahe ana.