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ʻO ke kahe koko ʻole kekahi o nā kumu nui o ka make.ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o ka hemostasis wikiwiki e hōʻoia i ke ola ʻana o ke kumuhana ma ke ʻano he kōkua mua i ka wā hakakā, nā ulia kaʻa, a me nā hana hoʻemi make.ʻO ka nanoporous fiber-reinforced composite scaffold (NFRCS) i loaʻa mai kahi haku mele hemostatic film-forming composition (HFFC) ma ke ʻano he hana hoʻomau hiki ke hoʻoulu a hoʻonui i ka hemostasis.Hoʻokumu ʻia ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka NFRCS ma ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ka ʻēheu o ka dragonfly.ʻO ka ʻēheu dragonfly he mau ʻēheu transverse a longitudinal, a ua pili nā ʻēheu ʻēheu i kekahi i kekahi e mālama i ka pono o ka microstructure.Hoʻopili like ʻo HFFC i ka ʻili o ka fiber me kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni o ka mānoanoa nanometer a hoʻohui i ka mānoanoa pulupulu puʻupuʻu i puʻunaue ʻia (Ct) (kahi hoʻopuehu) e hana i kahi ʻano nanoporous.ʻO ka hui pū ʻana o nā ʻāpana hoʻomau a hoʻopuehu ʻia e hōʻemi i ke kumukūʻai o ka huahana i nā manawa he ʻumi i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā huahana i loaʻa i ke kālepa.Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka NFRCS i hoʻololi ʻia (nā tampons a i ʻole wristbands) i nā ʻano noiʻi biomedical.Ua hoʻoholo nā haʻawina vivo i ka Cp NFRCS i hoʻomohala ʻia a hoʻonui i ke kaʻina coagulation ma ke kahua o ka noi.Hiki i ka NFRCS ke hoʻololi i ka microenvironment a hana i ka pae cellular ma muli o kona ʻano nanoporous e hopena ai i ka hoʻōla ʻana i ka ʻeha ma ke kumu hoʻohālike excision.
ʻO ke kahe koko ʻole i ka wā o ka hakakā, intraoperative a me nā pilikia pilikia hiki ke hoʻoweliweli i ke ola o ka poʻe ʻeha1.Ke alakaʻi nei kēia mau kūlana i ka piʻi holoʻokoʻa o ka pale ʻana i nā vascular peripheral, e alakaʻi ana i ka haʻalulu hemorrhagic.ʻO nā hana kūpono e hoʻomalu i ke koko i ka wā a ma hope o ka ʻoki ʻana i manaʻo ʻia he mea weliweli i ke ola2,3.ʻO ka pōʻino i nā moku nui e alakaʻi i ka nui o ke koko, e hopena i ka nui o ka make o ≤ 50% i ka hakakā a me 31% i ka wā o ke kaʻina1.ʻO ke kahe nui o ke koko ke alakaʻi i ka emi ʻana o ka nui o ke kino, kahi e hōʻemi ai i ka puka ʻana o ka naʻau.ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka nui o ka pale ʻana o nā vascular peripheral a me ka holomua o ka microcirculation e alakaʻi i ka hypoxia i nā ʻāpana kākoʻo ola.Hiki ke haʻalulu hemorrhagic inā hoʻomau ke ʻano me ka ʻole o ka hana kūpono1,4,5.ʻO nā pilikia ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ka piʻi ʻana o ka hypothermia a me ka metabolic acidosis, a me kahi maʻi coagulation e pale ana i ke kaʻina coagulation.Hoʻopili ʻia ka haʻalulu hemorrhagic koʻikoʻi me kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka make6,7,8.I ka haʻalulu o ka papa III (progressive), pono ka hoʻokahe koko no ke ola o ka maʻi i ka wā o ka maʻi intraoperative a me ka postoperative a me ka make.No ka lanakila ʻana i nā kūlana weliweli a pau i luna, ua hoʻomohala mākou i kahi nanoporous fiber-reinforced composite scaffold (NFRCS) e hoʻohana ana i kahi kaila polymer liʻiliʻi (0.5%) me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hui pū ʻana o nā polymers hemostatic hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe wai.
Me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka fiber reinforcement, hiki ke hoʻomohala ʻia nā huahana kumukūʻai.Ua like nā lau i hoʻonohonoho ʻia me ke ʻano o ka ʻēheu o ka dragonfly, i kaulike ʻia e nā kaha ākea a me ke kūpaʻa ma nā ʻēheu.ʻO nā veins transverse a longitudinal o ka ʻēheu e kamaʻilio me ka membrane ʻēheu (Fig. 1).Aia ka NFRCS i ka Ct i hoʻoikaika ʻia ma ke ʻano he scaffold system me ka ikaika kino a me ka mechanical (Figure 1).Ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻana a me ka hana hana, makemake nā kauka lapaʻau e hoʻohana i nā anana milo pulupulu (Ct) i ka wā o ka hana a me nā lole. No laila, e noʻonoʻo ana i kāna mau pōmaikaʻi he nui, me ka> 90% crystalline cellulose (e hāʻawi ana i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hana hemostatic), ua hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Ct ma ke ʻano he skeletal system o NFRCS9,10. No laila, e noʻonoʻo ana i kāna mau pōmaikaʻi he nui, me ka> 90% crystalline cellulose (e hāʻawi ana i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hana hemostatic), ua hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Ct ma ke ʻano he skeletal system o NFRCS9,10. Следовательно, учитывая его многочисленные преимущества, в том числе > 90% кристаллической целлюлозы целлюлозы ой активности), Ct использовали в качестве скелетной системы NFRCS9,10. No laila, hāʻawi ʻia i kāna mau pōmaikaʻi he nui, me ka> 90% crystalline cellulose (i komo i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hana hemostatic), ua hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Ct e like me ka NFRCS skeletal system9,10.因此，考虑到它的多重益处，包括> 90% 的结晶纤维素（有助于增强止血活性们血活性们，NC0中文他们活性从架系统。因此，考虑到它的多重益处，包括> 90%No laila, hāʻawi ʻia i kāna mau pōmaikaʻi he nui, me ka 90% crystalline cellulose (kōkua i ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka hana hemostatic), ua hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Ct ma ke ʻano he scaffold no NFRCS9,10.Ua uhi ʻia ʻo Ct (ua ʻike ʻia ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni nano-mānoanoa) a pili pū me kahi haku mele hemostatic film-forming composition (HFFC).Hana ʻo HFFC e like me ka matrigel, e hoʻopaʻa pū ana iā Ct.ʻO ka hoʻolālā hoʻolālā e hoʻouna i ke koʻikoʻi i loko o ka māhele dispersed (hoʻoikaika i nā fibers).He paʻakikī ka loaʻa ʻana o nā hale nanoporous me ka ikaika mechanical maikaʻi me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻāpana polymer liʻiliʻi.Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i nā ʻano like ʻole no nā noi biomedical like ʻole.
Hōʻike ke kiʻi i ke kiʻikuhi o ka hoʻolālā NFRCS ma muli o ke ʻano ʻēheu dragonfly (A).Hōʻike kēia kiʻi i kahi hoʻohālikelike hoʻohālikelike o ke ʻano ʻēheu o kahi dragonfly (ua hui pū ʻia nā veins intersecting a longitudinal o ka ʻēheu) a me kahi photomicrograph cross-sectional o Cp NFRCS (B).Hōʻike hoʻolālā o NFRCS.
Ua hoʻomohala ʻia nā NFRC me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka HFFC ma ke ʻano he hana mau e hoʻoponopono ai i nā palena i luna.Hoʻokumu ʻia ka HFFC i nā polymers hemostatic hana kiʻiʻoniʻoni me ka chitosan (ma ke ʻano he polymer hemostatic nui) me ka methylcellulose (MC), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC 50 cp) a me ka polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)) (125 kDa) ma ke ʻano he polymer kākoʻo e hāpai i ka hana thrombus.hoʻokumu ʻana.ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana o polyvinylpyrrolidine K30 (PVP K30) i hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia o ka NFRCS.Ua hoʻohui ʻia ka Polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400) no ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka polymer i loko o nā hui polymer paʻa.ʻEkolu mau haku mele HFFC hemostatic (Cm HFFC, Ch HFFC a me Cp HFFC), ʻo ia hoʻi ka chitosan me MC (Cm), chitosan me HPMC (Ch), a me chitosan me PVA (Cp), ua hoʻohana ʻia iā Ct.Ua hōʻoia ʻia nā haʻawina ʻano in vitro a me in vivo i ka hana hemostatic a me ka hōʻeha ʻeha o NFRCS.Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā mea hoʻohui i hāʻawi ʻia e NFRCS e hana i nā ʻano like ʻole o ka scaffolding e hoʻokō i nā pono kikoʻī.
Eia kekahi, hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia ka NFRCS ma ke ʻano he bandage a i ʻole ka ʻōwili e uhi i ka ʻāpana ʻeha holoʻokoʻa o nā ʻāpana haʻahaʻa a me nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino.No nā ʻeha ʻeha hakakā, hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia ka hoʻolālā NFRCS i hoʻolālā ʻia i ka hapalua lima a i ʻole ka wāwae piha (Supplementary Figure S11).Hiki ke hana ʻia ka NFRCS i pūlima lima me ke kolu ʻiʻo, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻōki i ke koko mai nā ʻeha lima lima suicidal koʻikoʻi.ʻO kā mākou pahuhopu nui ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kahi NFRCS me ka polymer liʻiliʻi e hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia i kahi heluna nui (ma lalo o ka laina ʻilihune) a hiki ke waiho ʻia i loko o kahi pahu kōkua mua.Maʻalahi, kūpono, a me ka waiwai i ka hoʻolālā ʻana, pōmaikaʻi ʻo NFRCS i nā kaiāulu kūloko a hiki ke loaʻa ka hopena honua.
Ua kūʻai ʻia ʻo Chitosan (ke kaumaha molekula 80 kDa) a me ka amaranth mai Merck, India.Ua kūʻai ʻia ʻo Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 50 Cp, polyethylene glycol 400 a me methylcellulose mai Loba Chemie Pvt.LLC, Mumbai.Ua kūʻai ʻia ka waiʻona polyvinyl (ke kaumaha molekula 125 kDa) (87-90% hydrolysed) mai National Chemicals, Gujarat.Ua kūʻai ʻia ʻo Polyvinylpyrrolidine K30 mai Molychem, Mumbai, ua kūʻai ʻia nā swabs sterile mai Ramaraju Surgery Cotton Mills Ltd., Tamil Nadu, me ka wai Milli Q (Direct-Q3 wai hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻōnaehana, Merck, India) ma ke ʻano he mea lawe.
Ua hoʻomohala ʻia ka NFRCS me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi ala lyophilization11,12.Ua hoʻomākaukau ʻia nā haku mele HFFC a pau (Paukū 1) me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mea hoʻoheheʻe mechanical.E hoʻomākaukau i kahi hopena 0.5% o chitosan me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka 1% acetic acid i loko o ka wai ma o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka 800 rpm ma kahi mea hoʻoulu mechanical.ʻO ke kaumaha pololei o ka polymer i hoʻouka ʻia i hōʻike ʻia ma ka Papa 1 ua hoʻohui ʻia i ka wai chitosan a hoʻoulu ʻia a loaʻa kahi hopena polymer māmā.Hoʻohui ʻia ʻo PVP K30 a me PEG 400 i ka hui ʻana o ka hopena i nā huina i hōʻike ʻia ma ka Papa 1, a ua hoʻomau ʻia ka hoʻoulu ʻana a hiki i ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi solution polymer viscous akaka.Ua sonicated ka ʻauʻau hopena o ka hopena polymer no 60 mau minuke e hoʻoneʻe i nā ea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia mai ka hui polymer.E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke Kiʻi Pākuʻi S1 (b), ua māhele like ʻia ʻo Ct i kēlā me kēia luawai o kahi pā 6-well (mold) i hoʻohui ʻia me 5 ml o HFFC.
Ua sonicated ka papa ʻeono-puna no 60 min e hoʻokō i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe a me ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka HFFC i ka pūnaewele Ct.A laila hoʻokuʻu i ka pā ʻeono punawai ma -20 ° C no nā hola 8-12.Ua lyophilized nā pā paʻukū no 48 mau hola e loaʻa ai nā ʻano hana like ʻole o NFRCS.Hoʻohana ʻia ke kaʻina hana like no ka hana ʻana i nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā hale, e like me nā tampons a i ʻole cylindrical tampons, a i ʻole kekahi ʻano ʻē aʻe no nā noi like ʻole.
Hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka chitosan i kaupaona pololei ʻia (80 kDa) (3%) i ka 1% acetic acid me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi mea hoʻoulu magnetic.I ka hopena hopena o ka chitosan ua hoʻohui ʻia 1% PEG 400 a hoʻoulu ʻia no 30 mau minuke.E ninini i ka hopena o ka hopena i loko o kahi pahu kūhā a i ʻole ʻāpana ʻāpana a hoʻokuʻu i -80 ° C no 12 mau hola.Ua lyophilized nā laʻana paʻa hau no 48 mau hola e loaʻa ai ka porous Cs13.
Ua hoʻokō ʻia ka NFRCS i kūkulu ʻia i nā hoʻokolohua me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) (Shimadzu 8400 s FTIR, Tokyo, Iapana) e hōʻoia i ka hoʻohālikelike kemika o chitosan me nā polymers14,15.Ua loaʻa ka FTIR spectra (ākea o ka spectral range mai 400 a 4000 cm-1) o nā laʻana a pau i hoʻāʻo ʻia ma ka hana ʻana i 32 scans.
Ua loiloi ʻia ka helu ʻana o ke koko (BAR) no nā ʻano hana āpau me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke ʻano i wehewehe ʻia e Chen et al.16 me nā hoʻololi iki.Ua hoʻomaloʻo ʻia nā NFRK i kūkulu ʻia o nā haku mele a pau i loko o ka umu ʻumehana ma 105°C i ka pō no ka wehe ʻana i ke koena solvent.ʻO 30 mg NFRCS (ke kaumaha kumu mua - W0) a me 30 mg Ct (mana maikaʻi) ua waiho ʻia i loko o nā kīʻaha ʻokoʻa i loaʻa kahi premix o 3.8% sodium citrate.Ma nā manawa i koho mua ʻia, ʻo ia hoʻi 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 a me 60 kekona, ua wehe ʻia ka NFRCS a hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ko lākou mau ʻili i ke koko i hoʻopaʻa ʻole ʻia ma ke kau ʻana i nā laʻana ma Ct no 30 kekona.Ua noʻonoʻo ʻia ke kaumaha hope loa o ke koko i lawe ʻia e NFRCS 16 (W1) i kēlā me kēia manawa.E helu i ka pākēneka BAR me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kumu hoʻohālike:
Ua hoʻoholo ʻia ka manawa hoʻopaʻa koko (BCT) e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia e Wang et al.17 .ʻO ka manawa i koi ʻia no ke koko holoʻokoʻa (ke koko ʻiole i hui mua ʻia me 3.8% sodium citrate) e hoʻopaʻa ʻia i mua o ka NFRCS ua helu ʻia ma ke ʻano he BCT o ka hāpana hoʻāʻo.Hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻāpana NFRCS like ʻole (30 mg) i loko o 10 ml screw cap vials a hoʻokomo ʻia ma 37°C.Hoʻohui ʻia ke koko (0.5 ml) i ka hue a ua hoʻohui ʻia ka 0.3 ml o 0.2 M CaCl2 e hoʻoikaika i ka coagulation koko.ʻO ka hope, e hoʻohuli i ka hue i kēlā me kēia 15 kekona (a hiki i 180°) a hiki i ka puka ʻana o kahi ʻōpala paʻa.ʻO ka BCT o ka laʻana i manaʻo ʻia e ka helu o nā pale pale17,18.Ma muli o ka BCT, ua koho ʻia ʻelua mau haku mele maikaʻi loa mai NFRCS Cm, Ch a me Cp no ke aʻo ʻana hou aku.
Ua hoʻoholo ʻia ka BCT o Ch NFRCS a me Cp NFRCS haku mele ma ka hoʻokō ʻana i ke ʻano i wehewehe ʻia e Li et al.19 .E kau i ka 15 x 15 mm2 Ch NFRCS, Cp NFRCS, a me Cs (ka mana maikaʻi) i loko o nā kīʻaha Petri ʻokoʻa (37 °C).Hoʻohui ʻia ke koko i loko o 3.8% sodium citrate me 0.2 M CaCl2 i loko o kahi ratio 10:1 e hoʻomaka ai i ke kaʻina hoʻopaʻa koko.Hoʻopili ʻia 20 µl o 0.2 M CaCl2 hui koko ʻiole i ka ʻili o ka laʻana a waiho ʻia i loko o kahi pā Petri ʻole.Ua ninini ʻia ke koko i loko o nā kīʻaha Petri ʻole me Ct.Ma nā manawa paʻa o 0, 3, a me 5 mau minuke, e hoʻopau i ka clotting ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i 10 ml o ka wai deionized (DI) i ka laʻana i loko o ka ipu me ka hoʻopilikia ʻole i ka clot.ʻO nā erythrocytes i hoʻopaʻa ʻole ʻia (erythrocytes) e hana i ka hemolysis i mua o ka wai deionized a hoʻokuʻu i ka hemoglobin.Ua ana ʻia ka Hemoglobin ma nā wahi manawa like ʻole (HA(t)) ma 540 nm (λmax hemoglobin) me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi spectrophotometer UV-Vis.ʻO ka absorption piha o ka hemoglobin (AH(0)) i 0 min o 20 µl o ke koko i 10 ml o ka wai deionized i lawe ʻia ma ke ʻano he maʻamau kuhikuhi.Ua helu ʻia ka lawe ʻana o ka hemoglobin pili (RHA) o ke koko coagulated mai ka ratio HA(t)/HA(0) me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pūʻulu koko like.
Me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi mea hoʻoponopono kikokikona (Texture Pro CT V1.3 Build 15, Brookfield, USA), ua hoʻoholo ʻia nā waiwai paʻa o NFRK i nā ʻiʻo i hōʻino ʻia.E kaomi i kahi kīʻaha cylindrical hāmama i loko o ka ʻili puaʻa (me ka ʻole o ka momona momona).Ua hoʻohana ʻia nā laʻana (Ch NFRCS a me Cp NFRCS) ma o ka cannula i loko o nā mole cylindrical e hoʻopili ai i ka ʻili o ka puaʻa.Ma hope o ka 3 minuke incubation ma ka lumi wela (RT) (25 ° C.), ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka ikaika adhesive NFRCS ma ka helu mau o 0.5 mm / sec.
ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona nui o nā mea hoʻopaʻa hoʻomaʻamaʻa ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke koko ʻoiai e hōʻemi ana i ke kahe koko.Ua loiloi ʻia ka coagulation Lossless ma NFRCS me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi ala i paʻi mua ʻia me nā hoʻololi liʻiliʻi 19.E hana i ka paipu microcentrifuge (2 ml) (ke anawaena o loko 10 mm) me ka puka 8 × 5 mm2 ma kekahi aoao o ka paipu centrifuge (e hoike ana i kahi eha hamama).Hoʻohana ʻia ka NFRCS e pani i ka wehe a hoʻohana ʻia ka lipine e hoʻopaʻa i nā ʻaoʻao o waho.E hoʻohui i 20 µl o 0.2 M CaCl2 i ka pahu microcentrifuge i loaʻa ka 3.8% sodium citrate premix.Ma hope o 10 mau minuke, ua wehe ʻia nā paipu microcentrifuge mai nā kīʻaha a ua hoʻoholo ʻia ka piʻi ʻana o ka nui o nā kīʻaha ma muli o ke kahe ʻana o ke koko mai ka NFRK (n = 3).Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ke koko Ch NFRCS a me Cp NFRCS me Cs.
Ua hoʻoholo ʻia ka pono o ka NFRCS ma muli o ke ʻano i wehewehe ʻia e Mishra a me Chaudhary21 me nā hoʻololi liʻiliʻi.E kau i ka NFRCS i loko o ka pahu Erlenmeyer 100 ml me ka wai 50 ml a e kawili no 60 mau kekona me ka hana ʻole i luna.ʻO ka nānā ʻana a me ka hoʻonohonoho mua ʻana i nā laʻana no ka pono kino ma muli o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana.
Ua aʻo ʻia ka ikaika paʻa o HFFC iā Ct me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ala i paʻi mua ʻia me nā hoʻololi liʻiliʻi.Ua loiloi ʻia ka pono o ka uhi ʻana o ka ʻili ma ka wehe ʻana i ka NFRK i nā nalu acoustic (hoʻoulu waho) i mua o ka wai milliQ (Ct).Hoʻokomo ʻia ka NFRCS Ch NFRCS a me Cp NFRCS i loko o ka beaker i hoʻopiha ʻia me ka wai a sonicated no 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, a me 30 min.Ma hope o ka maloʻo ʻana, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka pākēneka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ke kaumaha mua a me ka hope o ka NFRCS no ka helu ʻana i ka pākēneka o ka nalowale o nā mea (HFFC).Ua kākoʻo hou ʻo BCT in vitro i ka ikaika hoʻopaʻa a i ʻole ka nalowale o nā mea ʻili.ʻO ka maikaʻi o ka HFFC hoʻopaʻa iā Ct e hāʻawi i ka coagulation koko a me kahi uhi elastic ma ka ʻili o Ct22.
Hoʻoholo ʻia ka homogeneity o ka NFRCS i hoʻomohala ʻia e ka BCT o nā laʻana (30 mg) i lawe ʻia mai nā wahi ākea i koho ʻia o ka NFRCS.E hahai i ke kaʻina hana BCT i ʻōlelo mua ʻia e hoʻoholo i ka hoʻokō ʻana o NFRCS.ʻO ka kokoke ma waena o nā laʻana ʻelima e hōʻoia i ka uhi ʻana o ka ʻili a me ka waiho ʻana o ka HFFC i ka mesh Ct.
Ua hoʻoholo ʻia ka nominal blood contact area (NBCA) e like me ka mea i hōʻike mua ʻia me kekahi mau hoʻololi.E hoʻopili i ke koko ma ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i 20 µl o ke koko ma waena o nā ʻili ʻelua o Ct, Ch NFRCS, Cp NFRCS a me Cs.Ma hope o 1 hola, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻāpana ʻelua o ka stent a ana ʻia i ka ʻāpana o ka clot.Ua manaʻo ʻia ka waiwai awelika o ʻekolu repetitions he NBCA NFRCS19.
Ua hoʻohana ʻia ka loiloi Dynamic Vapor Sorption (DVS) e loiloi i ka pono o ka NFRCS e hoʻomoʻi i ka wai mai ke kaiapuni o waho a i ʻole mai kahi kahua hōʻeha i kuleana no ka hoʻomaka ʻana i ka coagulation.Hoʻopaʻa a hoʻopaʻa paha ka DVS i ka lawe ʻana a me ka nalowale i loko o kahi laʻana me ka gravimetrically me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke koena ultra-sensitive me ka hoʻonā nui o ±0.1 µg.Hoʻokumu ʻia kahi kaomi mahu ʻāpana (ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa) e kahi mea hoʻokele uila uila a puni ka hāpana ma o ka hui ʻana i nā kinoea lawe lawe maloʻo. E like me ka European Pharmacopeia alakaʻi, e pili ana i ka pakeneka o ka moisture uptake e nā laʻana, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā laʻana i 4 mau ʻāpana (0-0.012% w/w− non-hygroscopic, 0.2–2% w/w hygroscopic iki, 2–15% moderately hygroscopic% 3, a > hygroscopic. E like me ka European Pharmacopeia alakaʻi, e pili ana i ka pakeneka o ka moisture uptake e nā laʻana, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā laʻana i 4 mau ʻano (0-0.012% w/w− non-hygroscopic, 0.2–2% w/w hygroscopic iki, 2-15 % moderately hygroscopic%2, a >3 hygroscopic.E like me nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo o ka European Pharmacopoeia, e pili ana i ka pakeneka o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka wai e nā mea hoʻohālike, ua māhele ʻia nā laʻana i 4 mau ʻāpana (0-0.012% w / w - non-hygroscopic, 0.2-2% w / w iki hygroscopic, 2- ʻumikūmālima %).% умеренно гигроскопичен и > 15% очень гигроскопичен)23. % hygroscopic haʻahaʻa a > 15% hygroscopic loa)23.根据欧洲药典指南，根据样品吸收水分的百分比，样品分为4 类（0-0.012% w/w/w- 湁% w/w- 湁%轻微吸湿性、2-15 % 适度吸湿，> 15% 非常吸湿）23。根据 欧洲 药典 指南 ， 根据 吸收 水分 的 百分比 样品 分为 分为 分为 分为 分为 分丐 类 0-0-0 .性 、 、 、 、 0.2-2% W/w 轻微 、 2-15% 适度 吸湿 ，> 15 %非常吸湿）23.E like me nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo o ka European Pharmacopoeia, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā laʻana i 4 mau papa ma muli o ka pākēneka o ka wai i hoʻomoʻa ʻia e ka hāpana (0-0.012% ma ke kaumaha - non-hygroscopic, 0.2-2% ma ke kaumaha iki hygroscopic, 2-15% ma ke kaumaha).% умеренно гигроскопичен, > 15 % очень гигроскопичен) 23. % hygroscopic kūpono, > 15% hygroscopic loa) 23.Ua hoʻoholo ʻia ka pono hygroscopic o NFCS X NFCS a me TsN NFCS ma kahi mea anaana DVS TA TGA Q5000 SA.I loko o kēia kaʻina hana, ua loaʻa ka manawa holo, ka haʻahaʻa pili (RH), a me ke kaumaha hāpana manawa maoli ma 25°C24.Ua helu ʻia ka ʻike wai e ka NFRCS mass analysis me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hoohalike aʻe:
ʻO MC ka haʻahaʻa NFRCS.m1 - ke kaumaha maloʻo o nā NSAID.ʻO ka m2 ka nuipa NFRCS manawa maoli ma kahi RH i hāʻawi ʻia.
Ua manaʻo ʻia ka nui o ka ʻili ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi hoʻokolohua adsorption nitrogen me ka wai hau ma hope o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā laʻana ma 25 °C no 10 h (<7 × 10-3 Torr). Ua manaʻo ʻia ka nui o ka ʻili ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi hoʻokolohua adsorption nitrogen me ka wai hau ma hope o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā laʻana ma 25 °C no 10 h (<7 × 10-3 Torr). Общая площадь поверхности оценивалась с помощью эксперимента по адсорбции азота жидким азотом после после опорожнраце опорожнец е 10 ч (< 7 × 10–3 Торр). Ua manaʻo ʻia ka nui o ka ʻili i ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi hoʻokolohua adsorption nitrogen me ka wai hau ma hope o ka hoʻokahe ʻia ʻana o nā laʻana ma 25 ° C no 10 h (<7 × 10-3 Torr).在25°C 清空样品10 小时（< 7 × 10-3 Torr）后，使用液氮的氮吸附实验估计总表面积。在 25°C Общая площадь поверхности оценивалась с использованием экспериментов по адсорбции азота жидким азотом посление те 1 0 часов при 25°C (< 7 × 10-3 торр). Ua manaʻo ʻia ka nui o ka ʻili me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hoʻokolohua adsorption nitrogen me ka wai nitrogen ma hope o ka hoʻokahe ʻia ʻana o nā laʻana no 10 mau hola ma 25°C (<7 x 10-3 torr).Ua hoʻoholo ʻia ka nui o ka ʻili, ka nui pore a me ka nui o ka pore NFRCS me kahi Quantachrome mai NOVA 1000e, Austria me ka polokalamu RS 232.
E hoʻomākaukau i 5% RBCs (saline as diluent) mai ke koko holoʻokoʻa.A laila e hoʻololi i kahi aliquot o HFFC (0.25 ml) i kahi pā 96-well a me 5% RBC mass (0.1 ml).E hoʻokomo i ka hui ma 37 ° C no 40 mau minuke.ʻO ka hui ʻana o nā ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula a me ka serum i manaʻo ʻia he mana maikaʻi, a ʻo ka hui ʻana o ka paʻakai a me ke koko ʻulaʻula ma ke ʻano he mana maikaʻi ʻole.Ua hoʻoholo ʻia ka Hemagglutination e like me ka pālākiō Stajitzky.ʻO nā unahi i manaʻo ʻia e like me kēia: + + + + nā ʻāpana granular dense;+ + + paʻa lalo paheʻe me nā ʻaoʻao curved;+ + paʻa lalo paheʻe me nā ʻaoʻao haehae;+ nā apo ʻulaʻula liʻiliʻi a puni nā ʻaoʻao o nā pā maʻemaʻe;– (negative) pihi ʻulaʻula discrete 12 i waenakonu o ka luawai lalo.
Ua aʻo ʻia ka hemocompatibility o NFRCS e like me ke ʻano o ka International Organization for Standardization (ISO) (ISO10993-4, 1999)26,27.ʻO ke ʻano gravimetric i wehewehe ʻia e Singh et al.Ua hana ʻia nā hoʻololi liʻiliʻi e loiloi i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka thrombus i mua o a i ʻole ma ka ʻili o NFRCS.500 mg o Cs, Ch NFRCS a me Cp NFRCS i incubated i ka phosphate buffered saline (PBS) no 24 mau hola ma 37°C.Ma hope o 24 mau hola, ua wehe ʻia ka PBS a ua mālama ʻia ʻo NFRCS me 2 ml o ke koko i loaʻa ka 3.8% sodium citrate.Ma ka ʻili o ka NFRCS, hoʻohui i 0.04 ml o 0.1 M CaCl2 i nā laʻana incubated.Ma hope o 45 mau minuke, hoʻohui ʻia ka 5 ml o ka wai i hoʻopau ʻia e hoʻopau i ka coagulation.Ua mālama ʻia ke koko coagulated ma ka ʻili o NFRK me 36-38% formaldehyde solution.Ua maloʻo a kaupaona ʻia nā ʻōpala i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka formaldehyde.Ua helu ʻia ka pākēneka o ka thrombosis ma ka helu ʻana i ke kaumaha o ke aniani me ke koko ʻole a me ka hāpana (negative control) a me ke aniani me ke koko (positive control).
Ma ke ʻano he hōʻoia mua, ʻike ʻia nā laʻana ma lalo o kahi microscope optical e hoʻomaopopo i ka hiki o ka uhi ʻana o ka HFFC surface, Ct interconnected, a me Ct network e hana i nā pores.Ua ʻoki ʻia nā ʻāpana lahilahi o Ch a me Cp mai ka NFRCS me kahi pahi scalpel.Hoʻokomo ʻia ka ʻāpana hopena ma luna o kahi paheʻe aniani, uhi ʻia me kahi uhi uhi, a hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā ʻaoʻao me ke kāpili.Nānā ʻia nā kiʻi paheʻe i hoʻomākaukau ʻia ma lalo o kahi microscope optical a lawe ʻia nā kiʻi ma nā ʻano hoʻonui like ʻole.
Ua ʻike ʻia ka waiho ʻana o ka polymer ma nā pūnaewele Ct me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka microscopy fluorescence ma muli o ke ʻano i wehewehe ʻia e Rice et al.29. Ua hui pū ʻia ka haku mele HFFC i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hana ʻana me kahi mea hoʻonani fluorescent (amaranth), a ua hoʻomākaukau ʻia ka NFRCS (Ch & Cp) e like me ke ʻano i ʻōlelo ʻia ma mua. Ua hui pū ʻia ka haku mele HFFC i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hana ʻana me kahi mea hoʻonani fluorescent (amaranth), a ua hoʻomākaukau ʻia ka NFRCS (Ch & Cp) e like me ke ʻano i ʻōlelo ʻia ma mua.ʻO ka haku mele HFFC i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻokumu ʻana ua hui pū ʻia me kahi mea pena fluorescent (amaranth) a loaʻa iā NFRCS (Ch a me Cp) e like me ke ʻano i ʻōlelo ʻia ma mua.将用于配方的HFFC 组合物与荧光染料（苋菜）混合，并按照前面提到的方法制 NFCh & Ch.将用于配方的HFFC 组合物与荧光染料（苋菜）混合，并按照前面提到的方法制 NFCh & Ch.Ua hui pū ʻia ka haku mele HFFC i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana ʻana me kahi mea hoʻonaninani fluorescent (Amaranth) a loaʻa iā NFRCS (Ch a me Cp), e like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma mua.Ua ʻoki ʻia nā ʻāpana lahilahi o ka NFRK mai nā laʻana i loaʻa, kau ʻia ma luna o nā kiʻi aniani, a uhi ʻia me nā paʻi uhi.E nānā i nā paheʻe i hoʻomākaukau ʻia ma lalo o kahi microscope fluorescent me kahi kānana ʻōmaʻomaʻo (310-380 nm).Ua kiʻi ʻia nā kiʻi ma 4x hoʻonui e hoʻomaopopo i ka pilina Ct a me ka waiho ʻana o ka polymer keu ma ka pūnaewele Ct.
Ua hoʻoholo ʻia ka topography ili o NFRCS Ch a me Cp me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi microscope atomic force (AFM) me kahi cantilever TESP ultra-sharp ma ke ʻano paʻi: 42 N/m, 320 kHz, ROC 2-5 nm, Bruker, Taiwan.Ua hoʻoholo ʻia ka ʻākeke o ka ʻili e ke kumu mean square (RMS) me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lako polokalamu (Scanning Probe Image Processor).Ua hāʻawi ʻia nā wahi NFRCS like ʻole ma nā kiʻi 3D e nānā i ka like ʻana o ka ʻili.ʻO ka hoʻokaʻawale maʻamau o ka helu no kahi ʻāpana i hāʻawi ʻia e like me ka ʻili o ka ʻili.Ua hoʻohana ʻia ka hoʻohālikelike RMS no ka helu ʻana i ka roughness ili o NFRCS31.
Ua hana ʻia nā haʻawina FESEM me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka FESEM, SU8000, HI-0876-0003, Hitachi, Tokyo, no ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka morphology ili o Ch NFRCS a me Cp NFRCS, i hōʻike i ka BCT maikaʻi aʻe ma mua o Cm NFRCS.Ua hanaʻia ka haʻawina FESEM e like me keʻano i ho'ākākaʻia e Zhao et al.32 me nā hoʻololi liʻiliʻi.NFRCS 20 i ka 30 mg Ch NFRCS a me Cp NFRCS i hui mua ʻia me 20 µl o 3.8% sodium citrate i hui mua ʻia me ke koko ʻiole.Ua hoʻohui ʻia ka 20 μl o 0.2 M CaCl2 i nā laʻana i mālama ʻia i ke koko e hoʻomaka i ka coagulation a ua hoʻokomo ʻia nā laʻana i ka lumi wela no 10 mau minuke.Eia kekahi, ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia nā erythrocytes nui mai ka ʻili o ka NFRCS ma ka holoi ʻana me ka paʻakai.
Ua mālama ʻia nā laʻana ma hope me ka 0.1% glutaraldehyde a laila hoʻomaloʻo ʻia i loko o ka umu wela ma 37 ° C no ka wehe ʻana i ka wai.Ua uhi ʻia a nānā ʻia nā laʻana maloʻo 32.ʻO nā kiʻi ʻē aʻe i loaʻa i ka wā o ka nānā ʻana, ʻo ia ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka clot ma luna o ka ʻili o nā pulupulu pilikino, ka waiho ʻana o ka polymer ma waena o Ct, erythrocyte morphology (shape), clot integrity, a me erythrocyte morphology i mua o NFRCS.Ua nānā ʻia nā wahi NFRCS i mālama ʻole ʻia a me Ch a me Cp i mālama ʻia nā wahi NFRCS i hoʻokomo ʻia me ke koko no nā ion elemental (sodium, potassium, nitrogen, calcium, magnesium, zinc, copper and selenium)33.Hoʻohālikelike i nā pākēneka ion elemental ma waena o nā laʻana i mālama ʻia a mālama ʻole ʻia no ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o ka ion elemental i ka wā o ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka clot a me ka homogeneity clot.
Ua hoʻoholo ʻia ka mānoanoa o ka uhi ʻili Cp HFFC ma ka ʻili Ct me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka FESEM.Ua ʻoki ʻia nā ʻāpana keʻa o Cp NFRCS mai ke kāʻei a ua uhi ʻia ka sputter.Ua ʻike ʻia e FESEM nā mea hoʻohālike o ka uhi ʻana i ka sputter a ua ana ʻia ka mānoanoa o ka uhi ʻili 34, 35, 36.
Hāʻawi ʻo X-ray micro-CT i ka hoʻonā kiʻekiʻe 3D non-destructive imaging a hiki iā ʻoe ke aʻo i ka hoʻonohonoho hoʻonohonoho kūloko o NFRK.Hoʻohana ʻo Micro-CT i kahi kukui X-ray e hele ana i ka hāpana e hoʻopaʻa i ka coefficient attenuation linear kūloko o nā kukui X i ka hāpana, e kōkua ana i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻike morphological.ʻO ka wahi kūloko o Ct i Cp NFRCS a me Cp NFRCS i mālama ʻia i ke koko i nānā ʻia e ka micro-CT e hoʻomaopopo i ka pono absorption a me ke kahe koko i mua o NFRCS37,38,39.Ua kūkulu hou ʻia nā ʻano 3D o nā laʻana Cp NFRCS i mālama ʻia i ke koko me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka micro-CT (V|tome|x S240, Phoenix, Kelemānia).Me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka polokalamu VG STUDIO-MAX version 2.2, ua lawe ʻia kekahi mau kiʻi X-ray mai nā kihi ʻokoʻa (ʻoi aku ka 360° uhi) e hoʻomohala i nā kiʻi 3D no NFRCS.Ua kūkulu hou ʻia ka ʻikepili projection i hōʻiliʻili ʻia i nā kiʻi volumetric 3D me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka polokalamu 3D ScanIP Academic maʻalahi.
Eia hou, no ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka hāʻawi ʻana o ka clot, 20 µl o ke koko citrated premixed a me 20 µl o 0.2 M CaCl2 i hoʻohui ʻia i ka NFRCS no ka hoʻomaka ʻana i ke koko.Waiho ʻia nā laʻana i hoʻomākaukau ʻia e paʻakikī.Ua mālama ʻia ka ʻili o ka NFRK me ka 0.5% glutaraldehyde a maloʻo i ka umu wela ma 30-40 ° C no 30 min.Ua nānā ʻia, kūkulu hou ʻia ke koko koko i hana ʻia ma ka NFRCS, a ua ʻike ʻia ke kiʻi 3D o ke koko koko.
Ua hanaʻia nā ho'āʻo antibacterial ma Cp NFRCS (maikaʻi loa e hoʻohālikelikeʻia me Ch NFRCS) me ka hoʻohanaʻana i keʻano i ho'ākāka muaʻia me nā hoʻololi liʻiliʻi.Ua hoʻoholo ʻia ka hana antibacterial o Cp NFRCS a me Cp HFFC me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ʻekolu mau microorganism hoʻāʻo like ʻole [S.aureus (gram-positive bacteria), E.coli (gram-negative bacteria) a me Candida keʻokeʻo (C.albicans)] e ulu ana ma ka agar i nā pā Petri i loko o kahi incubator.Hoʻohui like i ka 50 ml o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o ka moʻomeheu bacteria i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ma kahi ʻano o 105-106 CFU ml-1 ma luna o ka media agar.E ninini i ka medium i loko o kahi pā Petri a hoʻopaʻa.Ua hana ʻia nā pūnāwai ma ka ʻili o ka pā agar e hoʻopiha ai me ka HFFC (3 pūnāwai no HFFC a me 1 no ka mana maikaʻi ʻole).E hoʻohui i 200 µl HFFC i nā pūnāwai 3 a me 200 µl pH 7.4 PBS i ka pūnāwai 4.Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe o ka pā petri, e kau i kahi disk 12 mm Cp NFRCS ma luna o ka agar i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a hoʻomaʻemaʻe me ka PBS (pH 7.4).ʻO Ciprofloxacin, ampicillin a me nā papa fluconazole i manaʻo ʻia he mau kuhikuhi no Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli a me Candida albicans.E ana i ka ʻāpana o ke kaohi me ka lima a lawe i ke kiʻi kikohoʻe o ka ʻāpana o ke kaohi.
Ma hope o ka ʻae ʻia ʻana o ka ʻoihana, ua mālama ʻia ke aʻo ʻana ma Kasturba Medical College of Education and Research ma Manipal, Karnataka, ma ka hema o India.Ua loiloi ʻia ka protocol hoʻokolohua in vitro TEG a ʻae ʻia e ke Kōmike Ethics Institutional o Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Karnataka (IEC: 674/2020).Ua kiʻi ʻia nā kumuhana mai nā mea hāʻawi koko manawaleʻa (makahiki 18 a 55) mai ka waihona koko o ka haukapila.Eia hou, ua loaʻa kahi palapala ʻae ʻike mai nā mea manawaleʻa no ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i nā laʻana koko.Ua hoʻohana ʻia ʻo TEG maoli (N-TEG) ​​​​e aʻo i ka hopena o ka Cp HFFC formulation ma ke koko holoʻokoʻa i hoʻohui ʻia me ka sodium citrate.Hoʻomaopopo nui ʻia ʻo N-TEG no kāna kuleana i ka hoʻolaʻa ʻana i ka point-of-care resuscitation, ka mea e hana ai i nā pilikia no nā kauka ma muli o ka hiki ke hoʻopaneʻe koʻikoʻi i nā hopena (nā hoʻokolohua coagulation maʻamau).Hana ʻia ka nānā ʻana o N-TEG me ke koko holoʻokoʻa.Ua loaʻa ka ʻae ʻike a me ka mōʻaukala olakino kikoʻī mai nā mea komo a pau.ʻAʻole i komo ka haʻawina i nā poʻe me nā pilikia hemostatic a thrombotic e like me ka hāpai ʻana / postpartum a i ʻole ka maʻi ate.ʻO nā kumuhana e lawe ana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau e pili ana i ka coagulation cascade i kāpae ʻia mai ke aʻo ʻana.Ua hana ʻia nā hoʻokolohua kumu (hemoglobin, prothrombin time, activated thromboplastin a me platelet count) i nā mea komo a pau e like me nā kaʻina hana maʻamau.Hoʻoholo ʻo N-TEG i ka viscoelasticity clot clot, ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka clot mua, ka launa pū ʻana, ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka clot, a me ka lysis clot.Hāʻawi ka loiloi N-TEG i ka ʻikepili kiʻi a me ka helu e pili ana i nā hopena hui o kekahi mau mea kelepona a me ka plasma.Ua hana ʻia ka loiloi N-TEG ma ʻelua mau puke like ʻole o Cp HFFC (10 µl a me 50 µl).ʻO ka hopena, ua hoʻohui ʻia ka 1 ml o ke koko holoʻokoʻa me ka waikawa citric i 10 μl o Cp HFFC.Hoʻohui i 1 ml (Cp HFFC + koko citrated), 340 µl koko hui ʻia i 20 µl 0.2 M CaCl2 i loko o ka ipu TEG.Ma hope mai, ua hoʻouka ʻia nā kīʻaha TEG i TEG® 5000, US e ana i ka R, K, alpha angle, MA, G, CI, TPI, EPL, LY 30% o nā laʻana koko i mua o Cp HFFC41.
Ua loiloi ʻia ka protocol study in vivo a ʻae ʻia e ke Kōmike Kūʻai Kūʻai ʻo Institutional Animal Ethics (IAEC), Kasturba School of Medicine, Manipal Institute of Higher Education, Manipal (IAEC/KMC/69/2020).Ua hanaʻia nā hoʻokolohua holoholona a pau e like me nā'ōlelo aʻo a ke Kōmike no ka Manaʻo a me ka nānāʻana i ka Animal Experimentation (CPCSEA).Ua hana ʻia nā haʻawina a pau i loko o vivo NFRCS (2 × 2 cm2) ma nā ʻiole Wistar wahine (ke kaupaona ʻana 200 a 250 g).Ua hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia nā holoholona āpau i kahi mahana o 24-26 ° C, ua loaʻa i nā holoholona ke komo manuahi i ka meaʻai maʻamau a me ka wai ad libitum.Ua māhele like ʻia nā holoholona a pau i nā hui like ʻole, ʻekolu holoholona i kēlā me kēia hui.Ua hana ʻia nā haʻawina āpau e like me ka Animal Studies: Report of In Vivo Experiments 43 .Ma mua o ke aʻo ʻana, ua hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia nā holoholona e ka intraperitoneal (ip) hoʻokele o ka hui ʻana o 20-50 mg o ketamine (no 1 kg o ke kaumaha kino) a me 2-10 mg o xylazine (no 1 kg o ke kaumaha o ke kino).Ma hope o ke aʻo ʻana, ua helu ʻia ka nui o ke koko ma ka loiloi ʻana i ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ke kaumaha mua a me ka hope o nā laʻana, ua lawe ʻia ka waiwai awelika i loaʻa mai nā hoʻokolohua ʻekolu e like me ka nui o ke koko o ka hāpana.
Ua hoʻokō ʻia ke ʻano hoʻohālike o ka ʻoki ʻana i ka huelo ʻiole no ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka hiki o ka NFRCS ke hoʻololi i ke koko i ka ʻeha, hakakā, a i ʻole ulia pōpilikia (ke hoʻohālike injury).E ʻoki i 50% o ka huelo me ka ʻili scalpel a waiho i ka lewa no 15 mau kekona e hōʻoia i ke koko maʻamau.Eia hou, ua kau ʻia nā hōʻike hoʻāʻo ma ka huelo o ka ʻiole ma ke kau ʻana i ke kaomi (Ct, Cs, Ch NFRCS a me Cp NFRCS).Ua hōʻike ʻia ke koko a me ka PCT no nā hōʻike hōʻike (n = 3)17,45.
Ua noiʻi ʻia ka maikaʻi o ka mana kaomi ʻana o ka NFRCS i ke kaua ma ke ʻano hoʻohālike o ke aʻa femoral superficial.Hōʻike ʻia ke aʻaʻa femoral, hou ʻia me kahi trocar 24G, a kahe ke koko i loko o 15 kekona.Ma hope o ka ʻike ʻia ʻana o ke kahe koko ʻole ʻia, waiho ʻia ka mea hōʻike hōʻike ma ka wahi puncture me ke kaomi ʻana.Ma hope koke o ka noi ʻana i ka laʻana hoʻāʻo, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka manawa clotting a nānā ʻia ka hana hemostatic no nā minuke 5 e hiki mai ana.Ua hana hou ʻia ke kaʻina hana like me Cs a me Ct46.
ʻO Dowling et al.47 i hoʻohālike i ka hōʻeha ʻana i ke akepaʻa e loiloi i ka hemostatic hiki o nā mea hemostatic i ka pōʻaiapili o ke koko intraoperative.Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻo BCT no nā laʻana Ct (nā mana maikaʻi ʻole), Cs framework (mana maikaʻi), Ch NFRCS samples, a me Cp NFRCS samples.Ua ʻike ʻia ka suprahepatic vena cava o ka ʻiole ma ka hana ʻana i ka laparotomy waena.Ma hope o kēlā, ua ʻoki ʻia ka ʻaoʻao mamao o ka lobe hema me nā ʻoki.E hana i ka ʻoki ʻana i loko o ke ake me ka ʻili scalpel a hoʻokahe i ke koko no kekahi mau kekona.Ua kau ʻia nā hōʻike hoʻāʻo Ch NFRCS a me Cp NFRCS ma luna o ka ʻili i hōʻino ʻia me ka ʻole o ke kaomi maikaʻi a ua kākau ʻia ʻo BCT.A laila hoʻohana ka pūʻulu mana (Ct) i ke kaomi a ukali ʻia e Cs 30 s47 me ka haki ʻole i ka ʻeha.
Ua hana ʻia nā hōʻike hōʻeha ʻeha i loko o ka vivo me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi ʻano hōʻeha excisional e loiloi i nā waiwai hoʻōla ʻeha o nā NFRCS i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka polymer.Ua kohoʻia a hanaʻia nā hiʻohiʻona o nāʻeha excisional e like me nāʻano i paʻi muaʻia me nā hoʻololi liʻiliʻi19,32,48.Hoʻohana ʻia nā holoholona āpau e like me ka mea i hōʻike mua ʻia.E hoʻohana i kahi kuʻi biopsy (12 mm) e hana i kahi ʻoki hohonu i loko o ka ʻili o ke kua.Hoʻokomo ʻia nā wahi ʻeha i hoʻomākaukau ʻia me Cs (ka mana maikaʻi), Ct (ʻike i ka hoʻopili ʻana o nā pulupulu pulupulu i ka ho'ōla), Ch NFRCS a me Cp NFRCS (hui hoʻokolohua) a me ka mana maikaʻi ʻole me ka ʻole o ka mālama ʻana.I kēlā me kēia lā o ke aʻo ʻana, ua ana ʻia ka ʻāpana o ka ʻeha i nā ʻiole āpau.E hoʻohana i ke kiʻi paʻi kiʻi e kiʻi i ke kiʻi o ka wahi ʻeha a hoʻokomo i kahi lole hou.Ua ana ʻia ka pākēneka o ka pani ʻana i ka ʻeha ma ke ʻano ma lalo nei:
Ma muli o ka pākēneka o ka pani ʻana i ka ʻeha ma ka lā 12 o ke aʻo ʻana, ua ʻoki ʻia ka ʻili ʻiole o ka hui maikaʻi loa ((Cp NFRCS) a me ka pūʻulu mana) a ua aʻo ʻia e ka H&E staining a me Masson's trichrome staining. Ma muli o ka pākēneka o ka pani ʻana i ka ʻeha ma ka lā 12 o ke aʻo ʻana, ua ʻoki ʻia ka ʻili ʻiole o ka hui maikaʻi loa ((Cp NFRCS) a me ka pūʻulu mana) a ua aʻo ʻia e ka H&E staining a me Masson's trichrome staining.Ma muli o ka pākēneka o ka pani ʻana i ka ʻeha ma ka lā 12 o ke aʻo ʻana, ua ʻoki ʻia ka ʻili o nā ʻiole o ka hui maikaʻi loa ((Cp NFRCS) a me ka pūʻulu hoʻomalu) a nānā ʻia e ka ʻili ʻana me ka hematoxylin-eosin a me Masson's trichrome.根据研究第12天的伤口闭合百分比，切除最佳组((Cp NFRCS)和对照组)的大鼠皮肤，H&E不肤，耶和华耶染色研究。根据研究第12天的伤口闭合百分比，切除最佳组((Cp NFRCS)和对照组)的大鼠分肤，物物肤，物物肤，翛耶ʻO nāʻiole i loko o ka hui maikaʻi loa ((Cp NFRCS) a me nā pūʻulu hoʻomalu) ua hoʻopauʻia no ka hematoxylin-eosin staining a me Masson's trichrome staining ma muli o ka pakeneka paniʻeha i ka lā 12 o ke aʻoʻana.Ua hoʻokō ʻia ke kaʻina hana staining e like me nā ʻano i wehewehe mua ʻia49,50.ʻO ka pōkole, ma hope o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka 10% formalin, ua hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia nā laʻana me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi ʻano o nā ʻona ʻona.E hoʻohana i kahi microtome no ka loaʻa ʻana o nā ʻāpana lahilahi (5 µm mānoanoa) o ka ʻiʻo ʻokiʻoki.Ua mālama ʻia nā ʻāpana kikoʻī o nā mana a me Cp NFRCS me hematoxylin a me eosin e aʻo i nā loli histopathological.Ua hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Masson's trichrome stain e ʻike i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā fibrils collagen.Ua aʻo makapō ʻia nā hopena i loaʻa e nā pathologists.
Ua aʻo ʻia ke kūpaʻa o nā laʻana Cp NFRCS ma ke ana wela (25°C ± 2°C/60% RH ± 5%) no 12 mahina51.Ua nānā ʻia a hoʻāʻo ʻia ʻo Cp NFRCS (ka wehe ʻana o ka ʻili a me ka ulu ʻana o ka microbial) no ka pale ʻana i ka pale ʻana a me ka BCT e like me nā ʻano hana i hōʻike ʻia ma ka ʻāpana Mea a me nā Hana.
Ua nānā ʻia ka scalability a me ka reproducibility o Cp NFRCS ma ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana iā Cp NFRCS me ka nui o 15 × 15 cm2.Eia hou, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā 30 mg samples (n = 5) mai nā ʻāpana like ʻole Cp NFRCS a ua loiloi ʻia ka BCT o nā mea i aʻo ʻia e like me ka mea i hōʻike mua ʻia ma ka ʻāpana Methods.
Ua hoʻāʻo mākou e hoʻomohala i nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā hale me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā haku mele Cp NFRCS no nā noi biomedical like ʻole.ʻO ia ʻano hiʻohiʻona a i ʻole hoʻonohonoho hoʻonohonoho ʻana, ʻo ia nā pulu conical no ke koko ihu, nā kaʻina hana niho, a me nā ʻōpala cylindrical no ke kahe koko.
Hōʻike ʻia nā pūʻulu ʻikepili āpau e like me ka mean ± standard deviation a nānā ʻia e ANOVA me ka hoʻohana ʻana iā Prism 5.03 (GraphPad, San Diego, CA, USA) a ukali ʻia e ka hoʻohālikelike hoʻohālikelike lehulehu a Bonferroni (*p<0.05).
ʻO nā kaʻina hana a pau i hana ʻia i loko o nā haʻawina kanaka e like me nā kūlana o ka Institute a me ka National Research Council, a me ka Declaration of Helsinki 1964 a me kāna mau hoʻololi hope, a i ʻole nā ​​kūlana etika like.Ua hoʻomaopopo ʻia nā mea komo a pau e pili ana i nā hiʻohiʻona o ke aʻo ʻana a me kona ʻano manawaleʻa.Paʻa ʻia ka ʻikepili i komo i ka wā i hōʻiliʻili ʻia ai.Ua loiloi ʻia ka protocol hoʻokolohua in vitro TEG a ʻae ʻia e ke Kōmike Ethics Institutional o Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Karnataka (IEC: 674/2020).Ua pūlima nā mea manawaleʻa i ka ʻae ʻike e ʻohi i nā laʻana koko.
ʻO nā kaʻina hana āpau i hana ʻia i nā haʻawina holoholona i hana ʻia e like me ka Kastuba Faculty of Medicine, Manipal Institute of Higher Education, Manipal (IAEC/KMC/69/2020).Ua mālama ʻia nā hoʻokolohua holoholona āpau i hoʻolālā ʻia e like me nā alakaʻi a ke Kōmike no ka Manaʻo a me ka nānā ʻana i ka hoʻokolohua holoholona (CPCSEA).Ua hahai nā mea kākau a pau i nā kuhikuhi ARRIVE.
Ua nānā ʻia ka spectra FTIR o nā NFRCS āpau a hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka spectrum chitosan i hōʻike ʻia ma ke Kiʻi 2A.ʻO nā kiʻekiʻe hiʻohiʻona o chitosan (hoʻopaʻa ʻia) ma 3437 cm-1 (OH a me NH e hohola ana, overlap), 2945 a me 2897 cm-1 (CH stretching), 1660 cm-1 (NH2 strain), 1589 cm-1 (N–H bending ), 1157 cm-1 (stretch stretch Cm-O-19), 1157 cm-1 (ke alahaka uʻi C–O-19), 10 (kualua uʻi C–O-19) (koko CO, Bo-OH) 52.53.54.Hōʻike ka Papa S1 i nā waiwai spectrum absorption FTIR NFRCS no chitosan (mea hoʻolaha), chitosan maʻemaʻe, Cm, Ch, a me Cp.Ua hōʻike ka FTIR spectra o nā NFRCS a pau (Cm, Ch a me Cp) i nā pūnaʻi absorption ʻano like me ka chitosan maʻemaʻe me ka ʻole o nā loli nui (Fig. 2A).Ua hōʻoia nā hualoaʻa FTIR i ka nele o nā pilina kemika a kino paha ma waena o nā polymers i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka NFRCS, e hōʻike ana he inert nā polymers i hoʻohana ʻia.
In vitro characterization o Cm NFRCS, Ch NFRCS, Cp NFRCS a me Cs.(A) hōʻike i ka FTIR spectra hui pū ʻia o ka chitosan a me Cm NFRCS, Ch NFRCS a me Cp NFRCS ma lalo o ke kaomi.(B) a) Ka nui o ka lawe ʻana i ke koko holoʻokoʻa o NFRCS Cm, Ch, Cp, a me Cg (n = 3);Ua hōʻike ka Ct samples i kahi BAR kiʻekiʻe no ka mea ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka absorption o ka pulupulu;b) Koko ma hope o ka lawe ʻana i ke koko.Hōʻike kiʻi kiʻi o ka BCT o ka hāpana hoʻāʻo C (Cp NFRCS ka BCT maikaʻi loa (15 s, n = 3)). Ua hōʻike ʻia nā ʻikepili ma C, D, E, a me G ma ke ʻano he mean ± SD, a ʻo nā pahu kuhi he SD, ***p <0.0001. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā ʻikepili ma C, D, E, a me G ma ke ʻano he mean ± SD, a ʻo nā pahu kuhi he SD, ***p <0.0001. Данные в C, D, E и G представлены как среднее ± стандартное отклонение, а планки погрешностей представляют сталнот, 0,0 01. Hōʻike ʻia nā ʻikepili ma C, D, E, a me G ma ke ʻano he mean ± ka hoʻokaʻawale maʻamau, a ʻo nā pahu kuhi e hōʻike ana i ka ʻokoʻa maʻamau, ***p<0.0001. C、D、E 和G 中的数据显示为平均值± SD，误差线代表SD，***p < 0.0001. C、D、E 和G 中的数据显示为平均值± SD，误差线代表SD，***p < 0.0001. Данные в C, D, E и G показаны как среднее значение ± стандартное отклонение, планки погрешностей представляют тнд, 0 сталнот, ***0 01. Hōʻike ʻia nā ʻikepili ma C, D, E, a me G ma ke ʻano he mean ± ka hoʻokaʻawale maʻamau, hōʻike nā pahu kuhi i ka ʻokoʻa maʻamau, ***p<0.0001.