Ke hana nei nā ʻenekinia i kahi "ʻae" o ka James Webb Space Telescope's mid-infrared instrument ma NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center ma hope o ka haʻalele ʻana mai UK.
ʻO Johnny Melendez (ʻākau) a me Joe Mora e nānā i ka cryocooler MIRI ma mua o ka hoʻouna ʻana iā Northrop Grumman ma Redondo Beach, Kaleponi.
ʻO kēia ʻāpana o ka mea hana MIRI, i ʻike ʻia ma Appleton Laboratory ma Rutherford, UK, aia nā mea ʻike infrared. Aia ka cryocooler ma kahi mamao mai ka mea ʻike no ka mea e hana ana ia ma kahi wela kiʻekiʻe. ʻO kahi paipu e lawe ana i ka helium anu e hoʻopili i nā ʻāpana ʻelua.
Noho ʻo MIRI (hema) ma ka lāʻau kaulike ma Northrop Grumman ma Redondo Beach i ka wā e hoʻomākaukau ai nā mea ʻenekinia e hoʻohana i kahi crane ma luna e hoʻopili ai i ka Integrated Scientific Instrument Module (ISIM).
Ma mua o ka hana ʻana o ka mea hana MIRI - kekahi o nā mea ʻepekema ʻehā ma ka hale kiaʻi - pono e hoʻomaʻalili ʻia a kokoke i ke anuanu ʻoi loa e hiki ke hiki.
ʻO James Webb Space Telescope o NASA, i hoʻonohonoho ʻia e hoʻomaka i ka lā 24 o Dekemaba, ʻo ia ka mea nānā ākea nui loa i ka mōʻaukala, a he hana koʻikoʻi like ia: ʻohi i nā kukui infrared mai nā kihi mamao loa o ke ao holoʻokoʻa, e ʻae ana i nā ʻepekema e ʻimi i ke ʻano a me ke kumu o ke ao holoʻokoʻa.
Nui nā mea cosmic — e like me nā hōkū a me nā hōkū, a me ke kinoea a me ka lepo kahi i hana ai lākou — e hoʻopuka i ke kukui infrared, i kapa ʻia i kekahi manawa thermal radiation. ).Akā no ka hana pono ʻana, pono e ʻoi aku ke anuanu o nā mea ʻike i loko o ka mea hana infrared mid-infrared, a i ʻole MIRI: ma lalo o 7 Kelvin (emi 448 degere Fahrenheit, a i ʻole 266 degere Celsius).
He mau degere wale nō ia ma luna o ka ʻole ʻole (0 Kelvin) – ʻo ka mahana wela loa i ka manaʻo, ʻoiai ʻaʻole hiki ke loaʻa i ke kino no ka mea e hōʻike ana i ka nele loa o kekahi wela.
ʻO ka mahana ke ana o ka neʻe ʻana o nā atoms wikiwiki, a ma waho aʻe o ka ʻike ʻana i kā lākou kukui infrared ponoʻī, hiki ke hoʻoulu ʻia nā mea ʻike Webb e kā lākou mau haʻalulu wela.
Ma hope o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana, e kau ʻo Webb i kahi visor tennis-court-size e pale aku iā MIRI a me nā mea hana ʻē aʻe mai ka wela o ka lā, e ʻae iā lākou e hoʻomaha mālie.
"He mea maʻalahi ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i nā mea a hiki i kēlā mahana ma ka Honua, pinepine no nā noi ʻepekema a ʻoihana paha," wahi a Konstantin Penanen, he loea cryocooler ma NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory ma Southern California., nāna e mālama i ka mea hana MIRI no NASA.No kahi mākaʻikaʻi ākea, pono mākou i kahi mea hoʻomaʻamaʻa i paʻa kino, ʻoi aku ka ikaika, a pono e hilinaʻi nui ʻia no ka mea ʻaʻole hiki iā mākou ke hele i waho e hoʻoponopono.No laila ʻo kēia nā pilikia a mākou e kū nei., ma ia mea, e ʻōlelo wau aia nā cryocoolers MIRI i ka mua.
ʻO kekahi o nā pahuhopu ʻepekema o Webb, ʻo ia ke aʻo ʻana i nā waiwai o nā hōkū mua i hana ʻia ma ke ao holoʻokoʻa. ʻO ka pahu kiʻi kiʻi kokoke-infrared a i ʻole ka mea kani NIRCam e hiki ke ʻike i kēia mau mea mamao loa, a e kōkua ʻo MIRI i nā ʻepekema e hōʻoiaʻiʻo i kēia mau kumu o ka mālamalama he mau puʻupuʻu o nā hōkū o ka hanauna mua, ma mua o nā hōkū o ka hanauna lua i hoʻokumu ʻia ma hope o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka galaxy.
Ma ka nānā ʻana i nā ao lepo i ʻoi aku ka mānoanoa ma mua o nā mea kani-infrared kokoke, e hōʻike ʻo MIRI i nā wahi hānau o nā hōkū. ce.
"Ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka ʻike ʻAmelika a me ʻEulopa, ua kūkulu mākou i ka MIRI ma ke ʻano he mana o Webb, e hiki ai i nā astronomers mai nā wahi a puni ke pane i nā nīnau nui e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka hoʻokumu ʻana a me ka ulu ʻana o nā hōkū, planets a me nā galaxes," wahi a Gillian Wright, Co-alakaʻi o ka hui ʻepekema MIRI a me European Principal Investigator no ka mea kani ma UK Astronomical Technology Center (UK ATC).
Hoʻohana ka MIRI cryocooler i ke kinoea helium- lawa e hoʻopiha ai i nā baluna pāʻina ʻeiwa-e lawe i ka wela mai nā mea ʻike o ka mea kani.ʻO ka helium i hoʻomahaʻia e hoʻopili i ka wela nui mai ka'āpana, e mālama ana i ka mahana hana o ka detector ma lalo o 7 Kelvin. ʻO ke kinoea wela (akā naʻe ke anu) a laila hoʻi i ka compressor, kahi e kipaku aku ai i ka wela, a hoʻomaka hou ke kaʻina.
ʻO nā paipu e lawe ana i ka helium, ua hana ʻia me ke kila kila i uhi ʻia i ke gula a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o hoʻokahi hapaʻumi o ka ʻīniha (2.5 mm) ke anawaena. It extends about 30 feet (10 meters) from the compressor located in the spacecraft bus area to the MIRI detector in the optical telescope element located behind the observatory's honeycomb primary mirror. compressed, e like me ka piston, e kōkua i ka hoʻokomo i ka stowed observatory i loko o ka pale ma luna o ka rocket.Once ma ka lewa, ka hale kiaʻi e hoʻolōʻihi e hoʻokaʻawale i ka lumi-mahanahana spacecraft kaʻa kaʻa mai ka cooler optical telescope mea kani a ae i ka sunshade a me ka telescope e holo piha.
Hōʻike kēia animation i ka hoʻokō kūpono o ka James Webb Space Telescope deployment hola a me nā lā ma hope o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana.
Akā ʻo ke kaʻina hana elongation pono e hoʻonui ʻia ka tube helium me ka hui hale kiaʻi expandable.
"Aia kekahi mau paʻakikī i ka hana ʻana i kahi ʻōnaehana e pili ana i nā ʻāpana he nui o ka hale kiaʻi," wahi a Analyn Schneider, ka luna papahana JPL MIRI."Ke alakaʻi ʻia nei kēia mau ʻāpana ʻokoʻa e nā hui ʻokoʻa a i ʻole kikowaena, me Northrop Grumman a me ka US NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, pono mākou e kamaʻilio me kēlā me kēia.ʻAʻohe mea hana ʻē aʻe ma ke telescope pono e hana i kēlā, no laila he mea paʻakikī ia no MIRI.He laina lōʻihi loa ia no ke alanui cryocoolers MIRI, a ua mākaukau mākou e ʻike ma ke ākea.
E hoʻomaka ana ka James Webb Space Telescope i ka makahiki 2021 ma ke ʻano he mea nānā ʻepekema nui o ka honua. E wehe ʻo Webb i nā mea pohihihi o kā mākou ʻōnaehana solar, e nānā i nā honua mamao a puni nā hōkū ʻē aʻe, a e ʻimi i nā hale pohihihi a me nā kumu o ko mākou ao a me ko mākou wahi.
Ua hoʻomohala ʻia ʻo MIRI ma o kahi hui 50-50 ma waena o NASA a me ESA (European Space Agency). JPL alakaʻi i ka US hoʻoikaika no MIRI, a me kahi hui multinational o European astronomical institutes e hāʻawi iā ESA. ʻO George Rieke o ke Kulanui o Arizona ʻo MIRI ke alakaʻi ʻepekema US. ʻO Gillian Wright ke poʻo o ka hui ʻepekema ʻEulopa o MIRI.
ʻO Alistair Glasse o ATC, UK ʻo MIRI Instrument Scientist a ʻo Michael Ressler ka US Project Scientist ma JPL. ʻO Laszlo Tamas o ke UK ATC e holo ana i ka European Union. Ua alakaʻi ʻia a mālama ʻia ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka cryocooler MIRI e JPL me ka hui pū ʻana me NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center ma Greenbelt, Maryland, a me Red Northropndo Grum.