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ʻO TiO2 kahi mea semiconductor i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻololi photoelectric.No ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i kā lākou hoʻohana ʻana i ka māmā, nickel a me ke kālā sulfide nanoparticles ua synthesized ma luna o ka ʻili o nā nanowires TiO2 ma kahi ala maʻalahi a me ka hoʻoemi kiʻi.Ua hoʻokō ʻia kahi ʻano o nā haʻawina o ka hana pale cathodic o Ag / NiS / TiO2 nanocomposites ma 304 stainless steel, a ua hoʻohui ʻia ka morphology, haku mele, a me nā hiʻohiʻona absorption māmā o nā mea.Hōʻike nā hopena e hiki i nā nanocomposites Ag / NiS / TiO2 i hoʻomākaukau ʻia ke hāʻawi i ka pale cathodic maikaʻi loa no ka 304 stainless steel i ka manawa o ka helu o nā pōʻai nickel sulfide impregnation-precipitation he 6 a ʻo ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa kiʻi nitrate kālā he 0.1M.
Ua lilo ka noi o n-type semiconductors no ka pale photocathode me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lā i kumuhana wela i nā makahiki i hala iho nei.Ke hoʻohauʻoli ʻia e ka lā, e hoʻohauʻoli ʻia nā electrons mai ka hui valence (VB) o kahi mea semiconductor i loko o ka hui conduction (CB) e hana i nā electrons photogenerated.Inā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ʻole o ka mana conduction band o ka semiconductor a i ʻole nanocomposite ma mua o ka hiki ke hoʻopaʻa pono ʻia o ka metala i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, e hoʻololi kēia mau electron photogenerated i ka ʻili o ka metala paʻa.ʻO ka hōʻiliʻili o nā electrons e alakaʻi i ka cathodic polarization o ka metala a hāʻawi i ka pale cathodic o ka metal1,2,3,4,5,6,7 pili.ʻO ka mea semiconductor ka mea i manaʻo ʻia he photoanode kaumaha ʻole, no ka mea, ʻaʻole e hoʻohaʻahaʻa ka hopena anodic i ka mea semiconductor ponoʻī, akā ʻo ka oxidation o ka wai ma o nā puka photogenerated a i ʻole adsorbed organic pollutants, a i ʻole ka hele ʻana o nā mea hōʻiliʻili e pahele i nā lua photogenerated.ʻO ka mea nui loa, pono e loaʻa i ka mea semiconductor kahi hiki CB ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka hiki ke corrosion o ka metala i pale ʻia.Ma laila wale nō e hiki ai i nā electrons photogenerated ke hele mai ka hui conduction o ka semiconductor i ka metala pale. ʻO nā haʻawina kūʻē ʻino Photochemical i kālele ʻia i nā mea semiconductor anorganic n-type me nā ʻāpana ākea ākea (3.0-3.2EV) 1,2,3,4,5,6,7, e pane wale ana i ke kukui ultraviolet (<400 nm), e hōʻemi ana i ka loaʻa o ka mālamalama. ʻO nā haʻawina kūʻē ʻino Photochemical i kālele ʻia i nā mea semiconductor anorganic n-type me nā ʻāpana ākea ākea (3.0-3.2EV) 1,2,3,4,5,6,7, e pane wale ana i ke kukui ultraviolet (<400 nm), e hōʻemi ana i ka loaʻa o ka mālamalama. Иследования стойкости к фотохимической коррозии были сосредоточены на неорганических й зоной (3,0–3,2 EV)1,2,3,4,5,6,7, которые реагируют только на ультрафиолетовое излучение (< 400 нм), умьстеность Ka noiʻi e pili ana i photochemical corrosion kū'ē ua kālele 'ana i n-type anorganic semiconductor mea me ka laulā bandgap (3.0-3.2 EV) 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 wale pane i ka ultraviolet radiation (<400 nm), hoemi malamalama loaʻa.光化学耐腐蚀性研究主要集中在具有宽带隙(3.0–3.2EV)1,2,3,4,5,6,7 的无机n 启他们一们材料仅对紫外光（< 400 nm）有响应，减少光的可用性。光 化学 耐腐 蚀性 研究 主要 在 具有 宽带隙 宽带隙 宽带隙 (3.0–3.2ev) 1.5, 3.2ev) 1.5, 3.2ev材料 上 ， 这些 材料 仅 对 （<400 nm） 有 有 有 有 有 有 有 有 有 有 有 有 有 有 有 有 有 有 有，减少光的可用性。 Иследования стойкости к фотохимической коррозии в основном были сосредоточены на неорганических полупровихлахнихлад ой запрещенной зоной (3,0–3,2EV)1,2,3,4,5,6,7, которые чувствительны только к УФ-излучению (<400 нм). ʻO ka noiʻi ʻana e pili ana i ka pale ʻana i ka ʻino photochemical i kālele nui ʻia i ka bandgap ākea (3.0–3.2EV) 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 n-type inorganic semiconductor material i pili wale i ka pāhawewe UV.(<400 nm).I ka paneʻana, emi ka loaʻa o ka mālamalama.
Ma ke kahua o ka pale corrosion moana, photoelectrochemical cathodic protection technology ka mea nui.ʻO TiO2 kahi mea semiconductor me ka maikaʻi o ke kukui UV a me nā waiwai photocatalytic.Eia nō naʻe, ma muli o ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka māmā, hiki ke hui hou nā puka electron photogenerated a ʻaʻole hiki ke pale ʻia ma lalo o nā kūlana pōʻeleʻele.Pono ka noiʻi hou ʻana e ʻimi i kahi hoʻonā kūpono a hiki.Ua hōʻike ʻia e hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano hana hoʻololi ili no ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka photosensitivity o TiO2, e like me ka doping me Fe, N, a me ka hui pū ʻana me Ni3S2, Bi2Se3, CdTe, etc. No laila, hoʻohana nui ʻia ka TiO2 composite me nā mea me ka hoʻololi photoelectric kiʻekiʻe i ke kahua o ka pale cathodic photogenerated..
ʻO Nickel sulfide kahi mea semiconductor me kahi ʻāpana haiki o 1.24 eV8.9 wale nō.ʻO ka ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka ʻāpana band, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka māmā.Ma hope o ka hui ʻana o ka nickel sulfide me ka ʻili o ka titanium dioxide, hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻohana māmā.Hoʻohui pū me ka titanium dioxide, hiki iā ia ke hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā electrons photogenerated a me nā lua.Hoʻohana nui ʻia ʻo Nickel sulfide i ka hana electrocatalytic hydrogen, nā pā a me ka decomposition pollutant8,9,10.Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole i hōʻike ʻia kona hoʻohana ʻana i ka pale photocathode.Ma kēia noiʻi ʻana, ua koho ʻia kahi mea semiconductor bandgap haʻahaʻa e hoʻoponopono i ka pilikia o ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kukui TiO2.Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā nanoparticles nickel a me ke kālā sulfide ma ka ʻili o nā nanowires TiO2 e ka hoʻoinu ʻana a me nā ʻano photoreduction, kēlā me kēia.ʻO ka Ag / NiS / TiO2 nanocomposite e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pono o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka māmā a hoʻonui i ka nui o ka absorption māmā mai ka ʻāpana ultraviolet a hiki i ka ʻāpana ʻike ʻia.I kēia manawa, hāʻawi ka deposition o nā nanoparticles kala i ka Ag / NiS / TiO2 nanocomposite maikaʻi o ka optical stability a me ka pale cathodic paʻa.
ʻO ka mua, ua ʻoki ʻia kahi titanium foil 0.1 mm mānoanoa me ka maʻemaʻe o 99.9% i ka nui o 30 mm × 10 mm no nā hoʻokolohua.A laila, hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia kēlā me kēia ʻili o ka titanium foil i 100 manawa me ka 2500 grit sandpaper, a laila holoi ʻia me ka acetone, ethanol absolute, a me ka wai hoʻomaʻemaʻe.E kau i ka pā titanium i loko o kahi hui o 85 ° C (sodium hydroxide: sodium carbonate: wai = 5: 2: 100) no 90 min, e wehe a holoi me ka wai hoʻoheheʻe.Ua kālai ʻia ka ʻili me ka HF solution (HF:H2O = 1:5) no 1 min, a laila holoi ʻia me ka acetone, ethanol, a me ka wai i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia, a maloʻo loa no ka hoʻohana ʻana.Ua hana wikiwiki ʻia nā nanowires Titanium dioxide ma ka ʻili o ka titanium foil e kahi kaʻina hana anodizing hoʻokahi.No ka anodizing, hoʻohana ʻia kahi ʻōnaehana ʻelua-electrode kuʻuna, ʻo ka electrode hana he pepa titanium, a ʻo ka counter electrode he platinum electrode.E kau i ka pā titanium i loko o 400 ml o 2 M NaOH solution me nā pipili electrode.Paʻa ka mana o ka mana DC ma kahi o 1.3 A. Ua mālamaʻia ka mahana o ka hopena ma 80 ° C no nā minuke 180 i ka manawa o ka hopena pūnaewele.Lawe ʻia ka pepa titanium i waho, holoi ʻia me ka acetone a me ka ethanol, holoi ʻia me ka wai maʻemaʻe, a maloʻo maoli.A laila ua hoʻokomoʻia nā hōʻailona i loko o ka umu muffle ma 450 ° C (ka wela wela 5 ° C / min), mālamaʻia i kahi mahana mau no 120 min, a waihoʻia i loko o kahi pā maloʻo.
Ua loaʻa ka nickel sulfide-titanium dioxide composite ma kahi ala maʻalahi a maʻalahi hoʻi.ʻO ka mua, ua hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka nickel nitrate (0.03 M) i loko o ka ethanol a mālama ʻia ma lalo o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā minuke 20 no ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi hopena ethanol o ka nickel nitrate.A laila e hoʻomākaukau i ka sodium sulfide (0.03 M) me kahi hopena hui ʻia o ka methanol (methanol:water = 1:1).A laila, hoʻokomo ʻia nā papa titanium dioxide i loko o ka hopena i hoʻomākaukau ʻia ma luna, lawe ʻia ma hope o 4 mau minuke, a holoi koke ʻia me kahi hopena hui ʻia o ka methanol a me ka wai (methanol:water=1:1) no 1 mau minuke.Ma hope o ka maloʻo ʻana o ka ʻili, waiho ʻia nā papa i loko o kahi umu muffle, hoʻomehana ʻia i loko o ka vacuum ma 380 ° C no 20 min, hoʻomaloʻo ʻia i ka lumi wela, a maloʻo.Ka helu o nā pōʻaiapuni 2, 4, 6 a me 8.
Hoʻololi ʻia nā nanoparticles Ag/NiS/TiO2 e ka photoreduction12,13.Ua ho'okomo 'ia ka nanocomposite Ag/NiS/TiO2 i loko o ka solution nitrate kala e pono ai no ka ho'okolohua.A laila ua hoʻonāʻia nā mea hoʻohālike me ke kukui ultraviolet no 30 min, ua hoʻomaʻemaʻeʻia ko lākou mauʻili me ka wai deionized, a ua loaʻa nā nanocomposites Ag / NiS / TiO2 ma ka maloʻo maoli.Hōʻike ʻia ke kaʻina hana hoʻokolohua i hōʻike ʻia ma ke Kiʻi 1.
Ua hōʻike nui ʻia nā nanocomposites Ag/NiS/TiO2 e ka field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), a me ka diffuse reflectance i ka ultraviolet a me nā pae ʻike (UV-Vis).Ua hana ʻia ʻo FESEM me ka microscope Nova NanoSEM 450 (FEI Corporation, USA).ʻO ka uila uila 1 kV, ka nui kiko 2.0.Hoʻohana ka hāmeʻa i kahi ʻimi CBS no ka loaʻa ʻana o nā electrons lua a backscattered no ka loiloi topography.Ua lawe ʻia ʻo EMF me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi ʻōnaehana Oxford X-Max N50 EMF (Oxford Instruments Technology Co., Ltd.) me ka uila wikiwiki o 15 kV a me kahi nui o 3.0.ʻO ka loiloi qualitative a me quantitative me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hiʻohiʻona X-ray.Ua hana ʻia ka ʻike kiʻi kiʻi X-ray ma kahi spectrometer Escalab 250Xi (Thermo Fisher Scientific Corporation, USA) e hana ana ma kahi ʻano ikehu paʻa me ka mana hoʻohiwahiwa o 150 W a me ka radiation monochromatic Al Kα (1486.6 eV) ma ke ʻano he kumu hoʻoulu.Ua hoʻohana ʻia ka laulā scan piha 0–1600 eV, ka huina ikehu 50 eV, ka laula ʻanuʻu 1.0 eV, a me ka kalapona haumia (~284.8 eV) i hoʻohana ʻia i mau kuhikuhi no ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka ikehu.ʻO ka ikehu pass no ka nānā ʻana haiki he 20 eV me kahi ʻanuʻu o 0.05 eV.Ua hoʻokō ʻia ka spectroscopy reflectance diffuse i ka ʻāpana ʻike UV ma kahi spectrometer Cary 5000 (Varian, USA) me kahi pā barium sulfate maʻamau i ka laulā o 10-80°.
Ma keia hana, o ka haku mele (paona pakeneka) o 304 kuhiliʻole kila 0.08 C, 1.86 Mn, 0.72 Si, 0.035 P, 0.029 s, 18.25 Cr, 8.5 Ni, a o ke koena Fe.10mm x 10mm x 10mm 304 kila kuhiliʻole, ipu epoxy me 1 knm2 ʻāpana ʻili.Hoʻopili ʻia kona ʻili me ka 2400 grit silicon carbide sandpaper a holoi ʻia me ka ethanol.Ua sonicated ka stainless steel i ka wai deionized no 5 mau minuke a laila mālama ʻia i loko o ka umu.
Ma ka hoʻokolohua OCP, ua hoʻokomoʻia ka 304 stainless steel a me ka Ag / NiS / TiO2 photoanode i loko o kahi pūnaewele corrosion a me kahi pūnaewele photoanode, i kēlā me kēia (Fig. 2).Ua hoʻopiha ʻia ke kelepona corrosion me kahi solution 3.5% NaCl, a ua ninini ʻia ʻo 0.25 M Na2SO3 i loko o ke kelepona photoanode ma ke ʻano he pahele puka.Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā electrolytes ʻelua mai ka hui ʻana me ka membrane naphthol.Ua ana ʻia ʻo OCP ma kahi hale hana electrochemical (P4000+, USA).ʻO ka electrode kuhikuhi he saturated calomel electrode (SCE).Ua waiho ʻia kahi kumu kukui (ke kukui xenon, PLS-SXE300C, Poisson Technologies Co., Ltd.) a me kahi pā i ʻoki ʻia 420 ma ka puka o ke kumu kukui, e ʻae ana i ka mālamalama ʻike e hele i loko o ke aniani quartz i ka photoanode.Hoʻopili ʻia ka electrode stainless steel 304 i ka photoanode me kahi uea keleawe.Ma mua o ka hoʻokolohua, ua hoʻomoʻi ʻia ka 304 stainless steel electrode i 3.5% NaCl solution no 2 mau hola e hōʻoia i ke kūlana paʻa.I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻokolohua, i ka wā e hoʻohuli ʻia ai ke kukui, e piʻi nā electrons hauʻoli o ka photoanode i ka ʻili o 304 stainless steel ma o ka uea.
I loko o nā hoʻokolohua e pili ana i ke kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi, 304SS a me Ag / NiS / TiO2 photoanodes i hoʻokomoʻia i loko o nā pūnaewele corrosion a me nā pūnaewele photoanode, i kēlā me kēia (Fig. 3).Ua ana ʻia ka nui o ka photocurrent ma ka hoʻonohonoho like me ka OCP.No ka loaʻa ʻana o ke kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi maoli ma waena o 304 stainless steel a me ka photoanode, ua hoʻohana ʻia kahi potentiostat ma ke ʻano he ammeter pale ʻole e hoʻopili ai i ka 304 stainless steel a me ka photoanode ma lalo o nā kūlana non-polarized.No ka hana ʻana i kēia, ua pōkole ka reference a me nā electrodes counter i loko o ka hoʻonohonoho hoʻokolohua, no laila ua hana ke kahua hana electrochemical ma ke ʻano he ammeter kūʻokoʻa ʻole e hiki ke ana i ka nui o kēia manawa.Hoʻopili ʻia ka 304 stainless steel electrode i ka lepo o ka hale hana electrochemical, a ua hoʻopili ʻia ka photoanode i ka hoʻopili electrode hana.I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻokolohua, i ka wā i hoʻohuli ʻia ai ke kukui a i ʻole, nā electrons hauʻoli o ka photoanode ma o ka uea hiki i ka ʻili o 304 stainless steel.I kēia manawa, hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka nui o ka photocurrent ma ka ʻili o 304 stainless steel.
E aʻo i ka cathodic pale hana o nanocomposites ma 304 kuhiliʻole kila, hoʻololi i ka photoionization hiki o 304 kuhiliʻole kila a me nanocomposites, a me nā hoʻololi i ka photoionization i kēia manawa density ma waena o nanocomposites a me 304 kuhiliʻole steels, ua ho'āʻo.
Ma ka fig.Hōʻike ka 4 i nā hoʻololi i ka hikiwawe kaapuni ākea o 304 stainless steel a me nā nanocomposites ma lalo o ka irradiation mālamalama ʻike ʻia a ma lalo o nā kūlana pouli.Ma ka fig.Hōʻike ka 4a i ka mana o ka manawa hoʻopaʻa NiS ma ka hoʻoinu ʻana i ka hiki ke kaapuni ākea, a me ka fig.Hōʻike ka 4b i ka hopena o ka neʻe ʻana o ka nitrate kālā i ka hiki ke kaapuni hāmama i ka wā hoʻemi kiʻi.Ma ka fig.Hōʻike ka 4a i ka hiki ke hoʻemi nui ʻia ka hiki o ke kaapuni hāmama o ka nanocomposite NiS/TiO2 i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me 304 stainless steel i ka manawa e hoʻā ʻia ai ke kukui e hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka nickel sulfide composite.Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hikiwawe kaapuni ma mua o nā nanowires TiO2 maʻemaʻe, e hōʻike ana i ka nickel sulfide composite e hoʻonui i nā electrons a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hopena pale photocathode mai TiO2.Eia nō naʻe, i ka pau ʻana o ka hoʻolaha ʻana, piʻi wikiwiki ka hiki ke hoʻouka ʻole i ka hiki ke hoʻouka ʻole o ke kila kila, e hōʻike ana ʻaʻole i loaʻa i ka nickel sulfide kahi hopena mālama.Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka hopena o ka helu o nā pōʻai hoʻoheheʻe kaiapuni ma ka hikina kaapuni hāmama ma Fig. 4a.I ka manawa deposition o 6, hiki i ka hiki loa o ka nanocomposite i -550 mV pili i ka saturated calomel electrode, a me ka hiki o ka nanocomposite waiho e ka helu o 6 mea nui emi ma mua o ka nanocomposite ma lalo o kekahi mau kumu.No laila, ʻo ka NiS / TiO2 nanocomposites i loaʻa ma hope o 6 deposition cycles i hāʻawi i ka pale cathodic maikaʻi loa no ka 304 stainless steel.
Hoololi i ka OCP o 304 kuhiliʻole kila electrodes me NiS/TiO2 nanocomposites (a) a Ag/NiS/TiO2 nanocomposites (b) me ka malamalama ole (λ > 400 nm).
E like me ka hoike ana ma ka fig.4b, ua hoʻemi nui ʻia ka mana kaapuni hāmama o 304 stainless steel a me Ag/NiS/TiO2 nanocomposites i ka wā e ʻike ai i ka mālamalama.Ma hope o ka waiho ʻana o ka ʻili o nā nanoparticles kālā, ua hoʻemi nui ʻia ka hiki ke kaapuni hāmama ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā nanowires TiO2 maʻemaʻe.ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi ʻole o ka NiS / TiO2 nanocomposite, e hōʻike ana e hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi ka hopena pale cathodic o TiO2 ma hope o ka waiho ʻana o nā nanoparticles Ag.Ua pi'i koke ka hikiwawe kaapuni i ka hopena o ka ho'ike 'ana, a i ka ho'ohālikelike 'ia me ka saturated calomel electrode, hiki i ka hikiwawe kaapuni ke hiki aku i -580 mV, i emi iho ma mua o ka 304 stainless steel (-180 mV).Hōʻike kēia hopena i ka nanocomposite he hopena mālama ikehu kupaianaha ma hope o ka waiho ʻia ʻana o nā ʻāpana kālā ma luna o kona ʻili.Ma ka fig.Hōʻike pū ʻo 4b i ka hopena o ka neʻe ʻana o ka nitrate kālā ma ka hiki ke kaapuni hāmama.Ma kahi kaona nitrate kālā o 0.1 M, hiki i ka hiki ke kaupalena ʻia e pili ana i kahi electrode calomel saturated -925 mV.Ma hope o 4 mau kaʻina noi, ua mau ka mea hiki i ka pae ma hope o ka noi mua, e hōʻike ana i ka paʻa maikaʻi o ka nanocomposite.No laila, ma ka 0.1 M o ke kālā nitrate, ʻo ka Ag / NiS / TiO2 nanocomposite i loaʻa ka hopena pale cathodic maikaʻi loa ma 304 stainless steel.
ʻO ka waiho ʻana o NiS ma ka ʻili o nā nanowires TiO2 e hoʻomaikaʻi mālie me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka manawa waiho NiS.Ke paʻi ka mālamalama ʻike ʻia ma ka ʻili o ka nanowire, ʻoi aku ka hauʻoli o nā wahi hana nickel sulfide e hoʻohua i nā electrons, a ʻoi aku ka emi o ka photoionization.Eia nō naʻe, ke waiho nui ʻia nā nanoparticles nickel sulfide ma luna o ka ʻili, e hoʻemi ʻia ka nickel sulfide ma kahi, ʻaʻole ia e hāʻawi i ka absorption māmā.Ma hope o ka waiho ʻia ʻana o nā ʻāpana kālā ma ka ʻili, ma muli o ka hopena plasmon resonance o nā ʻāpana kālā, e hoʻoneʻe koke ʻia nā electrons i hana ʻia i ka ʻili o 304 stainless steel, e hopena i ka hopena pale cathodic maikaʻi loa.Ke waiho ʻia nā ʻāpana kālā he nui ma ka ʻili, lilo nā ʻāpana kālā i wahi hoʻohui hou no nā photoelectrons a me nā lua, ʻaʻole ia e kōkua i ka hana ʻana o nā photoelectrons.I ka hopena, hiki i nā nanocomposites Ag / NiS / TiO2 ke hāʻawi i ka pale cathodic maikaʻi loa no ka 304 stainless steel ma hope o 6-fold nickel sulfide deposition ma lalo o 0.1 M silver nitrate.
Hōʻike ka waiwai paʻi kiʻi kiʻi i ka mana hoʻokaʻawale o nā electrons photogenerated a me nā lua, a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka nui o ka photocurrent density, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka mana hoʻokaʻawale o nā electrons photogenerated a me nā lua.Nui nā haʻawina e hōʻike ana ua hoʻohana nui ʻia ʻo NiS i ka synthesis o nā mea photocatalytic e hoʻomaikaʻi i nā waiwai photoelectric o nā mea a hoʻokaʻawale i nā lua15,16,17,18,19,20.ʻO Chen et al.ua aʻo i nā graphene noble-metal-free a me g-C3N4 composites i hoʻololi pū ʻia me NiS15.ʻO ka ikaika loa o ka photocurrent o ka g-C3N4 / 0.25%RGO / 3%NiS i hoʻololi ʻia he 0.018 μA / cm2.ʻO Chen et al.ua aʻo iā CdSe-NiS me kahi kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi ma kahi o 10 µA/cm2.16.Liu et al.i hoʻohui ʻia i kahi hui CdS@NiS me kahi kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi o 15 µA/cm218.Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole i hōʻike ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana o NiS no ka pale photocathode.I kā mākou noiʻi ʻana, ua hoʻonui nui ʻia ka nui o ka photocurrent o TiO2 e ka hoʻololi ʻana o NiS.Ma ka fig.Hōʻike ka 5 i nā hoʻololi i ke kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi o 304 stainless steel a me nā nanocomposites ma lalo o nā kūlana mālamalama ʻike ʻia a me ka ʻole o ka mālamalama.E like me ka hoike ana ma ka fig.5a, ke kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi o ka NiS / TiO2 nanocomposite e piʻi wikiwiki i ka manawa i hoʻāla ʻia ke kukui, a maikaʻi ke kiʻi photocurrent, e hōʻike ana i ke kahe o nā electrons mai ka nanocomposite i ka ʻili ma o ka hana electrochemical.304 kila kila.Ma hope o ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā nickel sulfide composites, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka photocurrent density ma mua o nā nanowires TiO2 maʻemaʻe.ʻO ke kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi o NiS hiki i ka 220 μA / cm2, ʻo ia ka 6.8 mau manawa kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka TiO2 nanowires (32 μA / cm2), i ka wā i hoʻokomo ʻia ai ʻo NiS a waiho ʻia 6 mau manawa.E like me ka hoike ana ma ka fig.5b, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ke kiʻi kiʻi ma waena o ka Ag / NiS / TiO2 nanocomposite a me 304 stainless steel ma waena o ka TiO2 maʻemaʻe a me ka NiS / TiO2 nanocomposite ke hoʻāla ʻia ma lalo o ke kukui xenon.Ma ka fig.Hōʻike pū ka Figure 5b i ka hopena o ka neʻe ʻana o ka AgNO ma ke kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi i ka wā photoreduction.Ma ke kala nitrate o 0.1 M, kona photocurrent density hiki i 410 μA / cm2, he 12.8 manawa kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka TiO2 nanowires (32 μA / cm2) a me 1.8 manawa kiʻekiʻe ma mua o nā nanocomposites NiS / TiO2.Hoʻokumu ʻia kahi kahua uila heterojunction ma ka Ag / NiS / TiO2 nanocomposite interface, e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā electrons photogenerated mai nā lua.
Hoʻololi i ke kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi o kahi 304 stainless steel electrode me (a) NiS/TiO2 nanocomposite a me (b) Ag/NiS/TiO2 nanocomposite me ka ʻole o ka mālamalama (λ > 400 nm).
No laila, ma hope o 6 pōʻaiapuni o nickel sulfide immersion-deposition ma 0.1 M concentrated kala nitrate, ka photocurrent density ma waena o Ag / NiS / TiO2 nanocomposites a me 304 kuhiliʻole kila hiki 410 μA / cm2, i oi aku mamua o ka saturated calomel.hiki i nā electrodes -925 mV.Ma lalo o kēia mau kūlana, hiki i ka 304 stainless steel i hui pū ʻia me Ag / NiS / TiO2 ke hāʻawi i ka pale cathodic maikaʻi loa.
Ma ka fig.Hōʻike ka 6 i nā kiʻi microscope electron surface o nā nanowires titanium dioxide maʻemaʻe, nā nanoparticles nickel sulfide composite, a me nā nanoparticles kālā ma lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi loa.Ma ka fig.6a, d hōʻike maʻemaʻe TiO2 nanowires i loaʻa ma ka pae hoʻokahi anodization.ʻO ka mahele o ka ʻili o nā nanowires titanium dioxide he ʻano like ʻole, ua kokoke nā hale o nā nanowires i kekahi i kekahi, a ua like ka puʻupuʻu pore.ʻO nā kiʻi 6b a me e nā micrographs electron o ka titanium dioxide ma hope o 6-fold impregnation a me ka waiho ʻana o nā nickel sulfide composites.Mai kahi kiʻi microscopic electron i hoʻonui ʻia i 200,000 mau manawa ma Fig. 6e, hiki ke ʻike ʻia he ʻano like like nā nanoparticles composite nickel sulfide a loaʻa ka nui o ka nui ma kahi o 100-120 nm ke anawaena.Hiki ke ʻike ʻia kekahi mau nanoparticles ma ke kūlana spatial o nā nanowires, a ʻike maopopo ʻia nā nanowires titanium dioxide.Ma ka fig.6c,f hōʻike electron microscopic kiʻi o NiS/TiO2 nanocomposites ma ka AgNO kuʻina o 0.1 M. Hoʻohālikelike i Fig.6b a me ka fig.6e, fig.6c a me ka fig.6f hōʻike i ka Ag nanoparticles ua waiho ma luna o ka ili o ka composite mea, me ka Ag nanoparticles i puunaue like me ke anawaena o ma kahi o 10 nm.Ma ka fig.Hōʻike ka 7 i kahi ʻāpana keʻa o nā nanofilms Ag / NiS / TiO2 i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i nā pōʻai 6 o NiS dip deposition ma kahi ʻano AgNO3 o 0.1 M. Mai nā kiʻi hoʻonui kiʻekiʻe, ʻo 240-270 nm ka mānoanoa kiʻiʻoniʻoni i ana ʻia.No laila, ʻākoakoa ʻia nā nanoparticles nickel a me ke kālā sulfide ma ka ʻili o nā nanowires TiO2.
Maemae TiO2 (a, d), NiS / TiO2 nanocomposites me 6 pōʻaiapuni o NiS dip deposition (b, e) a me Ag / NiS / NiS me 6 pōʻaiapuni o NiS dip deposition ma 0.1 M AgNO3 SEM kiʻi o TiO2 nanocomposites (c , e).
ʻO ka pauku keʻa o nā nanofilms Ag/NiS/TiO2 i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i nā pōʻai 6 o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o NiS ma kahi ʻano AgNO3 o 0.1 M.
Ma ka fig.Hōʻike ka 8 i ka puʻunaue ili o nā mea ma luna o ka ʻili o nā nanocomposites Ag / NiS / TiO2 i loaʻa mai nā pōʻai 6 o ka nickel sulfide dip deposition ma ke kālā nitrate o 0.1 M. Hōʻike ka mahele ʻili o nā mea i ʻike ʻia ʻo Ti, O, Ni, S a me Ag.ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka spectroscopy ikehu.Ma ke ʻano o ka maʻiʻo, ʻo Ti a me O nā mea maʻamau i ka hāʻawi ʻana, ʻoiai ʻo Ni a me S e like me ka like, akā ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o kā lākou ʻike ma mua o Ag.Hiki ke hōʻoia ʻia ʻoi aku ka nui o nā nanoparticles kālā hui pū ʻia ma mua o ka nickel sulfide.ʻO ka māhele like ʻana o nā mea ma luna o ka ʻili e hōʻike ana ua hoʻopaʻa like ʻia ka nickel a me ke kālā sulfide ma ka ʻili o nā nanowires TiO2.Ua hoʻokō ʻia ka nānā ʻana o ka X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic no ka nānā ʻana i ke ʻano kikoʻī a me ke kūlana paʻa o nā mea.
Ka mahele ana o na mea (Ti, O, Ni, S, a me Ag) o Ag/NiS/TiO2 nanocomposites ma ka AgNO3 kuʻina o 0.1 M no 6 pōʻaiapuni o NiS dip deposition.
Ma ka fig.Hōʻike ka Figure 9 i ke kikoʻī XPS o nā nanocomposites Ag/NiS/TiO2 i loaʻa me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pōʻai 6 o ka waiho ʻana o ka nickel sulfide ma ka hoʻokomo ʻana i loko o 0.1 M AgNO3, kahi fig.ʻO 9a ke kiko kiko piha, a ʻo ke koena o ka spectra he kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o nā mea kikoʻī.E like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia mai ke kiko holoʻokoʻa ma Fig. 9a, loaʻa nā piko absorption o Ti, O, Ni, S, a me Ag i loko o ka nanocomposite, e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i ke ola ʻana o kēia mau mea ʻelima.Ua like nā hopena hoʻokolohua me ka EDS.ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe ma ke Kiʻi 9a ka piko kalapona i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka ikehu hoʻopaʻa o ka hāpana.Ma ka fig.Hōʻike ka 9b i kahi kikoʻī ikehu hoʻonā kiʻekiʻe o Ti.Aia nā kiʻekiʻe absorption o nā orbital 2p ma 459.32 a me 465 eV, e pili ana i ka absorption o nā orbital Ti 2p3/2 a me Ti 2p1/2.ʻElua mau piko absorption e hōʻike ana he Ti4+ valence ka titanium, e pili ana me Ti ma TiO2.
XPS kikoʻī o nā ana Ag/NiS/TiO2 (a) a me ka hoʻonā kiʻekiʻe XPS spectra o Ti2p(b), O1s(c), Ni2p(d), S2p(e), a me Ag 3d(f).
Ma ka fig.Hōʻike ʻo 9d i kahi kikoʻī ikehu Ni hoʻonā kiʻekiʻe me ʻehā mau piko absorption no ka orbital Ni 2p.ʻO nā peaks absorption ma 856 a me 873.5 eV e pili ana i ka Ni 2p3/2 a me Ni 2p1/2 8.10 orbitals, kahi o ka absorption peaks no NiS.No ka nickel nitrate ka pi'i o ka absorption ma 881 a me 863 eV a ma muli o ka nickel nitrate reagent i ka wā ho'omākaukau la'ana.Ma ka fig.Hōʻike ka 9e i kahi S-spectrum hoʻonā kiʻekiʻe.Aia nā piko absorption o nā orbital S 2p ma 161.5 a me 168.1 eV, e pili ana i nā orbital S 2p3/2 a me S 2p1/2 21, 22, 23, 24. No nā pūhui nickel sulfide kēia mau piko ʻelua.ʻO nā kiʻekiʻe absorption ma 169.2 a me 163.4 eV no ka sodium sulfide reagent.Ma ka fig.Hōʻike ka 9f i kahi kikoʻī Ag kiʻekiʻe kahi i loaʻa ai ka 3d orbital absorption peaks o ke kālā ma 368.2 a me 374.5 eV, kēlā me kēia, a ʻelua mau piko absorption e pili ana i nā orbit absorption o Ag 3d5/2 a me Ag 3d3/212, 13. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā piko ma kēia mau wahi nanopartal kālā i kēia mau wahi nanopartic.No laila, ʻo nā nanocomposites ka nui o Ag, NiS a me TiO2, i hoʻoholo ʻia e X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, i hōʻoia i ka hui ʻana o nā nanoparticles nickel a me ke kālā sulfide ma ka ʻili o nā nanowires TiO2.
Ma ka fig.10 hōʻike UV-VIS diffuse reflectance spectra o hou hoomakaukau TiO2 nanowires, NiS/TiO2 nanocomposites, a Ag/NiS/TiO2 nanocomposites.Hiki ke ʻike ʻia mai ke kiʻi e pili ana ka paepae absorption o TiO2 nanowires ma kahi o 390 nm, a ʻo ka mālamalama i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka mea nui i ka ʻāpana ultraviolet.Hiki ke ʻike ʻia mai ke kiʻi ma hope o ka hui ʻana o nā nanoparticles nickel a me ke kālā sulfide ma ka ʻili o ka titanium dioxide nanowires 21, 22, hoʻolaha ka mālamalama i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o ka ʻāpana māmā ʻike.I ka manawa like, ua hoʻonui ka nanocomposite i ka absorption UV, i pili pū me kahi ʻāpana haiki o ka nickel sulfide.ʻO ka ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka ʻāpana band, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka pale ikehu no nā hoʻololi uila a ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka māmā.Ma hope o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka ʻili NiS / TiO2 me nā nanoparticles kālā, ʻaʻole i hoʻonui nui ʻia ka ikaika absorption a me ka lōʻihi hawewe māmā, ma muli o ka hopena o ka resonance plasmon ma ka ʻili o nā nanoparticles kālā.ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka nalu absorption o nā nanowires TiO2 i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka ʻāpana haiki o nā nanoparticles NiS composite.I ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana, ma hope o ka nickel sulfide a me nā nanoparticles kālā ma ka ʻili o nā nanowires titanium dioxide, ua hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi ʻia kāna mau hiʻohiʻona māmā, a ua hoʻonui ʻia ka laulā o ka māmā mai ka ultraviolet a hiki i ke kukui ʻike, e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā nanowires titanium dioxide.kukui e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hiki ke hana i nā photoelectrons.
ʻO ka UV/Vis ke nānā aku i nā ʻano o nā nanowires TiO2 hou, nā nanocomposites NiS/TiO2, a me nā nanocomposites Ag/NiS/TiO2.
Ma ka fig.11 hōʻike i ka hana o photochemical corrosion kū'ē o Ag / NiS / TiO2 nanocomposites ma lalo o ikeia malamalama irradiation.Ma muli o ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā nanoparticles kālā, nickel sulfide, a me ka hui conduction o titanium dioxide, ua manaʻo ʻia kahi palapala ʻāina o ke ʻano o ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion.Ma muli o ka maikaʻi ʻole o ka mana conduction band o nanosilver i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka nickel sulfide, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka mana conduction band o ka nickel sulfide i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka titanium dioxide, ʻo ke kuhikuhi o ke kahe electron ma kahi o Ag→NiS→TiO2→304 stainless steel.Ke hoʻomālamalama ʻia ka mālamalama ma ka ʻili o ka nanocomposite, ma muli o ka hopena o ka plasmon resonance o ka nanosilver, hiki i ka nanosilver ke hoʻopuka koke i nā puka photogenerated a me nā electrons, a neʻe koke nā electrons photogenerated mai ke kūlana valence band i ke kūlana conduction band ma muli o ka hauʻoli.Titanium dioxide a me ka nickel sulfide.No ka mea, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka conductivity o nā nanoparticles kālā ma mua o ka nickel sulfide, ua hoʻololi koke ʻia nā electrons i ka TS o nā nanoparticles kālā i TS o nickel sulfide.ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi ʻole o ka hiki o ka nickel sulfide ma mua o ka titanium dioxide, no laila e hōʻiliʻili koke nā electrons o nickel sulfide a me ka conductivity o ke kālā i ka CB o titanium dioxide.Hiki i nā electrons photogenerated i ka ili o 304 stainless steel ma o ka titanium matrix, a komo nā electrons i hoʻonui ʻia i ke kaʻina hana hoʻemi cathodic oxygen o 304 stainless steel.ʻO kēia kaʻina hana e hōʻemi i ka hopena cathodic a ma ka manawa like e hoʻopau i ka hopena anodic dissolution o 304 stainless steel, a laila ʻike i ka pale cathodic o ke kila kila 304. Ma muli o ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o ke kahua uila o ka heterojunction i ka Ag / NiS / TiO2 nanocomposite, ua hoʻololi ʻia ke kūlana conductive o ka nanocomposite, kahi i hoʻololi ʻia i ke kūlana cathodic ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ʻole.
ʻO ke kiʻikuhi Schematic o ke kaʻina hana anti-corrosion photoelectrochemical o Ag / NiS / TiO2 nanocomposites i ka mālamalama ʻike.
Ma kēia hana, ua hoʻohui ʻia nā nanoparticles nickel a me ke kālā sulfide ma ka ʻili o nā nanowires TiO2 ma ke ʻano hoʻoheheʻe maʻalahi a me ke ʻano photoreduction.Ua hana ʻia kahi ʻano o nā haʻawina e pili ana i ka pale cathodic o Ag / NiS / TiO2 nanocomposites ma 304 stainless steel.Ma muli o nā hiʻohiʻona morphological, ka nānā ʻana o ka haku mele ʻana a me ka nānā ʻana i nā hiʻohiʻona absorption māmā, ua hana ʻia nā hopena nui aʻe:
Me ka helu o ka impregnation-deposition pōʻaiapuni o nickel sulfide o 6 a me ka noonoo o ke kala nitrate no ka photoreduction o 0.1 mol/l, i ka hopena Ag/NiS/TiO2 nanocomposites i oi aku ka cathodic palekana hopena ma 304 kuhiliʻole kila.Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka electrode calomel saturated, hiki i ka hiki ke pale i ka -925 mV, a hiki i ka manawa pale i ka 410 μA / cm2.
Hoʻokumu ʻia kahi kahua uila heterojunction ma ka Ag / NiS / TiO2 nanocomposite interface, kahi e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka mana hoʻokaʻawale o nā electrons photogenerated a me nā lua.I ka manawa like, hoʻonui ʻia ka pono o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka māmā a hoʻonui ʻia ka laulā absorption māmā mai ka ʻāpana ultraviolet i ka ʻāina ʻike ʻia.E hoʻomau ka nanocomposite i kona kūlana mua me ka paʻa maikaʻi ma hope o 4 mau pōʻai.
ʻO nā nanocomposites Ag/NiS/TiO2 i hoʻomākaukau ʻia i hoʻāʻo ʻia he ʻano like a me ka ʻili.ʻO Nickel sulfide a me nā nanoparticles kālā i hui pū ʻia ma ka ʻili o nā nanowires TiO2.ʻO ka ferrite cobalt composite a me nā nanoparticles kālā he maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe.
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Li, H., Wang, XT, Liu, Y. & Hou, BR Ag a me SnO2 co-sensitized TiO2 photoanodes no ka pale o 304SS ma lalo o ka malamalama ikeia. Li, H., Wang, XT, Liu, Y. & Hou, BR Ag a me SnO2 co-sensitized TiO2 photoanodes no ka pale o 304SS ma lalo o ka malamalama ikeia. Li, H., Wang, XT, Liu, Y. & Hou, BR Ag и SnO2 совместно сенсибилизировали фотоаноды TiO2 для защиты 304SS в видимом свете. Li, H., Wang, XT, Liu, Y. & Hou, BR Ag a me SnO2 cosensitized TiO2 photoanodes e pale aku i ka 304SS i ka malamalama ikeia. Li, H., Wang, XT, Liu, Y. & Hou, BR Ag 和SnO2 共敏化TiO2 光阳极，用于在可见光下保护304SS。 Li, H., Wang, XT, Liu, Y. & Hou, BR Ag Li, H., Wang, XT, Liu, Y. & Hou, BR Фотоанод TiO2, совместно сенсибилизированный Ag и SnO2, для защиты 304SS в видимом свете. Li, H., Wang, XT, Liu, Y. & Hou, BR A TiO2 photoanode co-sensitized me Ag a me SnO2 no ka ike maka malamalama pale o 304SS.koros.ka ʻepekema.82, 145–153 (2014).
Wen, ZH, Wang, N., Wang, J. & Hou, BR Ag a me CoFe2O4 co-sensitized TiO2 nanowire no ka pale photocathodic o 304 SS ma lalo o ka malamalama ike. Wen, ZH, Wang, N., Wang, J. & Hou, BR Ag a me CoFe2O4 co-sensitized TiO2 nanowire no ka pale photocathodic o 304 SS ma lalo o ka malamalama ike.Wen, ZH, Wang, N., Wang, J. a me Howe, BR Ag a me CoFe2O4 co-sensitized me TiO2 nanowire no 304 SS photocathode pale i ka malamalama ike. Wen, ZH, Wang, N., Wang, J. & Hou, BR Ag 和CoFe2O4 共敏化TiO2 纳米线，用于在可见光下对304 SS 进行光阴极。 Wen, ZH, Wang, N., Wang, J. & Hou, BR AgʻO Wen, ZH, Wang, N., Wang, J. a me Howe, BR Ag a me CoFe2O4 i hui pū me nā nanowires TiO2 no 304 SS photocathode pale i ka mālamalama ʻike.Ka wehewehe.J. Electrochemistry.ka ʻepekema.13, 752–761 (2018).
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