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Himamoni Deka, 1 Putul Mahanta, 2 Sultana Jesmin Ahmed, 3 Madhab Ch Rajbangshi, 4 Ranjumoni Konwar, 5 Bharati Basumatari51 Department of Anatomy, Guwahati Medical College, Assam, India, 2 Dib, Assam, India Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Assam Medical College , Rugar;3 Keʻena o ka Lapaʻau Lapaʻau, Assam Medical College, Dibrugarh, Assam, India;4 Tezpur College of Medicine and Hospital Surgery, Tezpur, Assam, India;5 Ke Keʻena Radiology, Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed Medical College and Hospital, Barpeta, Assam, India ʻO ka mea kākau kūpono: Putul Mahanta, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Assam Medical College and Hospital, Dibrugarh, Assam, 786002, India, tel.+919435017802, leka uila [email protected] keakea ea.Hāʻawi nā kumu ʻelua a me nā mea kūlohelohe i ka piʻi ʻana o ka hānō.ʻO ka pahuhopu o kēia noiʻi ʻana ʻo ia ka loiloi ʻana i nā ʻano socio-demographic a me nā mea kūlohelohe e pili ana i ka etiology o ka hānō kamaliʻi i nā mea maʻi e hōʻike ana i ka keʻena pediatric o ka Gauhati Medical College and Hospital (GMCH) ma Assam.Nā mea a me nā ʻano hana.Ua koho ʻia he 150 mau maʻi me ka hānō maʻi maʻi ma ka ratio 1:1 ma waena o nā makahiki 3-12 makahiki a me nā maʻi o ka pūʻulu makahiki like ʻole me ka maʻi hanu a me ka mōʻaukala o ka hānō e like me nā mana.Ua hōʻiliʻili ʻia ka ʻikepili me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi ʻano i hoʻolālā ʻia a hoʻāʻo mua ʻia, a ua loaʻa ka ʻae ʻike i kākau ʻia mai nā kahu kānāwai āpau o nā mea komo.Ua kālailai ʻia ka ʻikepili e ka chi-square test a me binary logistic regression me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka SPSS V20 i hoʻoponopono ʻia no nā waiwai p.Nā hualoaʻa: Ua ʻike ʻia nā keiki kaona a me nā keiki kāne i ka maʻi hānō.Nā keiki ma nā kūlanakauhale (OR = 4, 53; 95% CI: 1.57-13.09; ppppppp Nā Manaʻo Manaʻo: Hiki i nā keiki ke loaʻa i ka hānō i hoʻoulu ʻia e ke kaiapuni.
ʻO ka hānō he maʻi ʻāmāmā mau i hōʻike ʻia e ka hoʻihoʻi ʻia ʻana o ke ala ea ma muli o ka mumū ʻana o nā alaloa i loko o ka māmā a me nā ʻiʻo a puni.ʻO nā alakaʻi hou mai ka Global Initiative on Asthma (GINA) e wehewehe i ka hānō ma ke ʻano he "maʻi heterogeneous i hōʻike pinepine ʻia e ka mumū mau o nā alaloa".ʻO nā hōʻailona hanu e like me ka wheezing, ka pōkole o ka hanu, ka paʻa ʻana o ka umauma a me ka ʻuʻu ʻana, a me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka palena o ka pau ʻana, he mau hōʻailona ia o ka hānō.ʻekahi
I loko o ka poʻe me ka hānō, hiki ke loaʻa nā hōʻailona koʻikoʻi ma muli o nā ʻano kumu like ʻole, e like me ka paka a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka puhi ʻana, ka polū, ka pollen, ka lepo, ka ʻili holoholona, ​​​​ka hoʻoikaika kino, ka ea anuanu, nā huahana hale a me nā ʻoihana, haumia ea, a me nā maʻi.2 ʻO ka hui pū ʻana o nā ʻano genetic a me nā kaiapuni e wehewehe i ka piʻi ʻana o ka hānō ma kekahi mau kaiāulu.ʻO ka pinepine, hiki i kēia mau mea ʻē aʻe ke kōkua i nā ʻokoʻa, me ka lāhui a i ʻole ka lāhui ka mea maʻalahi i ʻike ʻia ma waena o nā hui like ʻole.3
ʻO ka hōʻailona o ka hānō he lāʻau lapaʻau no ka mea ʻaʻohe wehewehe hoʻohālikelike no ke ʻano, paʻakikī, a i ʻole ka pinepine o nā hōʻailona.ʻO ka hānō Bronchial kahi maʻi maʻamau e hoʻokau nui i ka hana lapaʻau maʻamau a me ka hoʻokipa.4 ʻOiai he nui nā ʻano like o ka ʻike ʻana o ka hānō i nā keiki a me nā mākua, ʻo ka ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa, ke ʻano kūlohelohe o ka wheezing, ka hiki ke hāʻawi i ka lāʻau kūikawā, a me kāna waiwai diagnostic e pili ana i ka makahiki.
Ma ke ao holoʻokoʻa, ʻoi aku ma mua o 300 miliona mau kānaka i loaʻa i ka hānō.I nā keiki, ʻo ka hānō kekahi o nā maʻi maʻi maʻi 20 kiʻekiʻe loa i nā makahiki ola i hoʻoponopono ʻia i ke kino kīnā, me ka helu make o 0.0-0.7 no 100,000.5 mau kānaka.Ua hōʻike ʻia ka piʻi ʻana o ka hānō ma India mai ka 2% a i ka 23%, ma muli paha o ka nui o ka ʻāina a me nā ʻokoʻa kaiapuni.6 Ma kahi noiʻi hou, ua ʻike ʻia kēia helu he 10.4% ma Assam.7
ʻO ka hānō i loko o nā keiki ke kumu o ka hoʻihoʻi hou ʻana i nā hōʻailona hanu e like me ka uwē ʻana, ka ʻū ʻana, ka hanu ʻana, a me ka paʻa o ka umauma, a inā ʻaʻole mālama pono ʻia, hiki ke alakaʻi i ka hānō mau.Hiki i ka hānō kamaliʻi ke hoʻopilikia nui i ka maikaʻi o ke ola o nā keiki maʻi ma o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hele ʻole ʻana a me ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka komo ʻana i ka hana.
ʻOiai ʻo ka ʻike kiʻekiʻe a me nā hoʻolālā lapaʻau, ua piʻi nui ka piʻi ʻana o ka maʻi maʻi a me ka make o ka hānō i nā keiki i nā makahiki i hala iho nei8,9, a pono e hoʻomaopopo hou i ke kumu o ka hānō no ka mālama pono ʻana i ka hānō.ʻOiai e hana ʻia ana nā noiʻi nui ma nā wahi like ʻole o India, he liʻiliʻi loa nā mea i hana ʻia ma kēia ʻāina liʻiliʻi o ka hikina hikina o India.
Ua mālama ʻia kēia haʻawina ma ka mokuʻāina ʻākau hikina o Assam, India.Aia ka heluna kanaka o Assam i nā ʻano lāhui like ʻole, nona ka 12.45% no nā kaiāulu ʻohana e like me Bodo, Khachari, Karbi, Miri, Mishimi, Rabah, a pēlā aku.ʻIke ʻia ka mokuʻāina no kona ʻano like ʻole.ʻO ka mahiʻai, ka nui o ka laiki, ke kī a me nā pulu, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hapakolu o ka loaʻa kālā o Assam a hoʻohana ma kahi o 69 pakeneka o ka poʻe hana.Hoʻopuka ka moku'āina i 50% o ka hana kī o India.ʻO nā ʻoihana mahiʻai ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ka mahiʻai puaʻa, ka mahiʻai waiu a me ka lawaiʻa me ke komo ʻana o ka poʻe kuaʻāina.ʻO ka mahiʻai, ke kī, ka aila a me ke kinoea, ka lanahu a me ka limestone ka ʻoihana nui.ʻO ka ʻokoʻa nui o ka lāhui a me ka ʻāina i ka mokuʻāina ma muli o ke ʻano o ka dynamics a me ka pathogenesis o ka maʻi.
ʻO GMCH ke kikowaena kuhikuhi nui ma ka ʻāina, e mālama ana i nā poʻe maʻi mai nā ʻaoʻao ʻākau akau o India, e komo pū ana me nā poʻe kuaʻāina a me nā kūlanakauhale.ʻO ka hapa nui o nā maʻi he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa socioeconomic a haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka hoʻonaʻauao.ʻO ka hānō Bronchial i nā keiki he pilikia maʻamau i nā pediatrics inpatient.
Ke manaʻo nei kēia noiʻi e loiloi i nā ʻano like ʻole socio-demographic a me ke kaiapuni e pili ana i ka etiology o ka hānō kamaliʻi i nā mea maʻi 3-12 makahiki e hōʻike ana i kahi pediatrician GMCH.
Mai ʻApelila 2013 a hiki i Malaki 2017, ua mālama ʻia kahi noiʻi hoʻomalu hihia retrospective ma ke Keʻena o Anatomy me ka hui pū me Pediatrics Assam GMCH e noiʻi i nā kumu socio-demographic a me ke kaiapuni o ka hānō kamaliʻi i nā keiki 3-12 makahiki.
Ma kahi noiʻi hoʻopaʻa hihia ʻike ʻole ʻia, ua koho ʻia nā hihia 150 a me 150 ma kahi ratio 1:1 e aʻo ai i nā kumu like ʻole o ka hānō kamaliʻi.ʻO nā poʻe maʻi me ka hānō maʻi maʻi mai 3 a 12 mau makahiki e hōʻike ana i nā pediatric waho a me nā keʻena i loko i koho ʻia ma ke ʻano he mau hihia, ʻoiai nā mea hoʻomalu he mau maʻi o ka pūʻulu makahiki like, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka noho ʻana i nā kūlana like me ka pilikia ʻole o ka hanu.moʻolelo o ka maʻi a me ka hānō.
Ua hoʻoholo ʻia ka nui o ka laʻana me ka hoʻohana ʻana iā WinPepi version 11.65.Hōʻike ka ʻikepili mai ka haʻawina mua i ka prevalence o ka hānō ma waena o nā keiki India mai 1% a 4%.No laila, i ka manaʻo ʻana he 1% ka hapa o nā keiki me ka hānō a me ka nui o ka hoʻomanawanui a me ka pūʻulu hoʻomalu, pono ka haʻawina i ka nui o ka laʻana o 274 poʻe e loaʻa ai ka mana 80% e ʻike i kahi ʻokoʻa 4% ʻelua-huelo ma waena o ʻelua..Loaʻa i nā hui ʻelua kahi pae koʻikoʻi o 5%.
Eia kekahi, me ka manaʻo e pili ana i ka 10% o nā mea pane ʻole ma muli o ka nalowale a i ʻole ka pili ʻole ʻana, kūpono ke kaha kiʻi ʻana i kahi laʻana o 300 poʻe (e pili ana i nā hihia 150 a me nā mana 150).
E hoʻohana i nā ʻano hōʻiliʻili ʻikepili i hoʻolālā ʻia a hoʻāʻo ʻia.Ua loaʻa ka ʻae kākau ʻike mai nā kahu mālama kānāwai a pau o nā mea komo.Ua hōʻiliʻili ʻia ka ʻikepili ma nā ʻano like ʻole socio-demographic a me ke kaiapuni.Ua wehewehe ʻia ke ʻano hale
ʻO ka hale Pucca, inā i hana ʻia ka pā a me ka hale i nā pōhaku lepo, sima a me nā pōhaku;ʻO ka hale Katcha i hana ʻia me ka lāʻau, ka lepo, ka mauʻu a me nā lau maloʻo inā hana ʻia ka hale me nā pā pōhaku lepo a me nā paia adobe me ka hale pili a i ʻole ke kī a me ke kaʻa.papahele Inā hoʻopau ʻia, he hale Semi pucca kēia.Ua loiloi ʻia ke kūlana socioeconomic me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pālākiō Kuppuswami i hoʻololi ʻia (2014).
Hoʻopaʻa pū ʻia ke ʻano o ka hānau ʻana, ka moʻolelo o ka hānau ʻana i ka asphyxia, ke ʻano o ka hānai ʻana, ka mōʻaukala o ka maʻi ʻai, ka mōʻaukala makuahine o ka addiction, ka moʻolelo ʻohana o ka hānō, ka moʻolelo o ka atopy a i ʻole allergy, a me ka moʻolelo ʻohana o ka puhi a i ʻole ka uahi lua.ʻO kēlā me kēia ʻohana e noho ana ma ka hale hoʻokahi i manaʻo ʻia he poʻe puhi paka ma ka moʻolelo ʻohana.Wahi a ka GINA Epidemiological and Clinical Trial Participant Image Guidelines, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka nui o ka maʻi e like me nā pae lapaʻau i kuhikuhi ʻia, me ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i nā mea maʻi i hoʻonohonoho ʻia i ka pae 2 he hānō māmā, a ʻo nā mea maʻi i hoʻonohonoho ʻia i ka pae 3-4 he hānō haʻahaʻa.loaʻa i ka hānō haʻahaʻa a ua hāʻawi ʻia i ka pae-5.ka mālama ʻana i ka hānō koʻikoʻi.
Hoʻokomo a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana: Hōʻike ka palapala e pono e hoʻokomo ʻia nā hihia pediatric i loko o ke aʻo ʻana a hiki i 18 mau makahiki.Eia nō naʻe, ma GMCH, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā keiki i kuhikuhi ʻia ma lalo o ka makahiki 12. Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka maʻi hānō kamaliʻi ma mua o ka maʻi ma mua a ma hope o ka wā ʻōpio.No laila, koho ʻia ka pūʻulu makahiki mai 3 a 12 makahiki no ke aʻo ʻana.Ua komo ka haʻawina i nā poʻe maʻi me ka maʻi hānō bronchial maʻi maʻi mai 3 a 12 mau makahiki i ʻae e komo i ka haʻawina.ʻO nā keiki mai 3 a hiki i 12 mau makahiki i ʻae e komo i ke aʻo ʻana me ka ʻole o ka maʻi hanu, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka noho ʻana i nā kūlana like, ua koho ʻia e like me ka pūʻulu mana.
Ua kāpae ʻia nā keiki 0-3 makahiki mai ke aʻo ʻana no ka mea ʻaʻole lawa ka wheezing i kēia pūʻulu makahiki e ʻike ai i ka hānō.Eia kekahi, ua kāpae ʻia nā keiki o nā makahiki kūpono a me ko lākou mau kahu i ʻae ʻole e komo i ka haʻawina.
Ka helu helu.Ua kālailai ʻia nā ʻokoʻa like ʻole me ka hoʻāʻo χ.Hoʻohana ʻia ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana o ka logistic binary no nā ʻāpana koʻikoʻi i ka loiloi univariate, a ua hoʻohana ʻia ka hoʻāʻo χ2 a Wald e ana i ka hāʻawi kūʻokoʻa o ka lāʻau lapaʻau.
ʻApono kūpono: Ma mua o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i ka ʻikepili, ua loaʻa ka ʻae etika mai nā Institutional Ethics Committees o ka Institute, ʻo ia hoʻi nā Institutional Ethics Committees o GMCH, Guwahati, Assam a me India, Ref: No: 233/2018/215.
ʻO nā maʻi 112,323 e hele ana i ka ʻāpana pediatric i ka wā aʻo, 18.88% he mau maʻi hanu.Ma waena o nā keiki o ka makahiki 3-12 makahiki, 2.96% i loaʻa i ka hānō bronchial.ʻO ka hapa nui o ka hānō kamaliʻi i loaʻa i ka hāʻule o Kepakemapa a me ʻOkakopa (Fig. 1).
ʻO kēia haʻawina hoʻomalu hihia he 150 mau keiki me ka hānō a me 150 mau mana.ʻO ka mean (± SD) o nā makahiki o ka poʻe i komo i ke aʻo ʻana he 8.38 (± 2.69) mau makahiki.ʻO ka maʻi a me ka pōkole o ka hanu nā hōʻailona maʻamau maʻamau i nā hihia.ʻO ka hapa nui (77.3%) o nā hihia i loaʻa i ka maʻi hānō episodic a ʻo 8.7% wale nō o nā hihia i loaʻa i ka hānō koʻikoʻi.Ua ʻike ʻia ka nui o nā hihia i ka hāʻule (30%).Ma kahi kokoke i 38% o nā hihia, hōʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona i ka pō (Table 1).
Wahi a ka poʻe pane, ʻo nā mea inu anuanu (82.7%), ka hau ʻaila (71.6%) a me ka ʻike ʻana i ka lepo (35%) he mau mea maʻamau ka hānō.Ma kahi kokoke i 19.3% o nā hihia i hōʻike ʻole ʻia ma muli o ka maʻi.
He 8.34 (2.69) makahiki ka mean o ka makahiki (maʻamau deviation).ʻO ka hapa nui o nā hihia i loko o ka pūʻulu makahiki 7-12 a he kāne.ʻO ka poʻe i komo i ke aʻo ʻana he Hindu a ʻaʻole ʻohana.
ʻO nā keiki a me nā kāne o 7-12 mau makahiki he kiʻekiʻe aʻe ka nui o ka hopena, ʻoiai ʻaʻole i koʻikoʻi ka hui. Eia kekahi, pili nui ka hānō kamaliʻi me ka BMI (p-value <0.05). Eia kekahi, pili nui ka hānō kamaliʻi me ka BMI (p-value <0.05). Кроме того, детская астма была значительно связана с ИМТ (значение р<0,05). Eia kekahi, pili nui ka hānō kamaliʻi me ka BMI (waiwai p<0.05).此外，儿童哮喘与BMI 显着相关（p ‼<0.05）。此外，儿童哮喘与BMI 显着相关（p ‼<0.05）。 Кроме того, детская астма была значительно связана с ИМТ (значение p <0,05). Eia kekahi, pili nui ka hānō kamaliʻi me ka BMI (waiwai p <0.05).ʻO ka nui o ke kaumaha (OR = 2.22, 95% CI: 1.17-4.18) a me ka momona (OR = 2.72, 95% CI: 1.46-5.09) ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ʻelua mau kiʻekiʻe ma mua o nā keiki o ke kaumaha maʻamau.ʻO nā keiki kūlanakauhale e noho ana i nā ʻohana kaʻana like, nā hale ʻōpala, a me nā hale maʻemaʻe, ʻaʻole i lawa ka ea, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pilikia o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka maʻi. I loko o nā lumi kuke i hoʻopili ʻia, pili nui ʻia nā wahie hana uahi ʻē aʻe ma waho o ka LPG, nā namu, Dhuna, etc., me ka hānō kamaliʻi (p-value<0.05). I loko o nā lumi kuke i hoʻopili ʻia, pili nui ʻia nā wahie hana uahi ʻē aʻe ma waho o ka LPG, nā namu, Dhuna, etc., me ka hānō kamaliʻi (p-value<0.05). В примыкающих кухнях использование значительно выделяющего дым топлива, кроме сжиженного нефтяного галот, реного галот, рен и т.д., также связано с детской астмой (значение p<0,05). Ma nā lumi kuke e pili ana, pili pū ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā wahie hoʻohua nui i ka uahi ma waho aʻe o ka LPG, nā namu, Dhuna, a pēlā aku, me ka hānō kamaliʻi (p waiwai <0.05).在附属厨房中，除LPG、驱蚊剂、Dhuna 等以外的产生烟雾的燃料也与儿童哮喘显公开物. Dhuna 等以外的产生与儿童哮喘显着相关（p 值<0.05）、 Дымообразующие виды топлива, кроме сжиженного нефтяного газа, средства от комаров, Dhuna и т.д., также были в значительной степени связаны с детской астмой на примыкающих кухнях (значение p <0,05). ʻO ka uahi hoʻohua wahie ʻē aʻe ma mua o ka LPG, ka namu, Dhuna, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, ua pili nui pū me ka hānō kamaliʻi ma nā lumi kuke pili (p waiwai <0.05).Ua ʻike pū ʻia ʻo nā keiki me nā holoholona he 8 mau manawa e ulu ai ka hānō (Papa 2).
E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ka Papa 3, 46.7% o nā hihia no nā ʻohana o ke kūlana socioeconomic haʻahaʻa. He haʻahaʻa ka hoʻonaʻauao makuahine ma waena o nā hihia (p-value<0.05). He haʻahaʻa ka hoʻonaʻauao makuahine ma waena o nā hihia (p-value<0.05). Материнское образование также было ниже среди случаев (значение p<0,05). He haʻahaʻa ka hoʻonaʻauao makuahine ma waena o nā hihia (p value<0.05).病例中的母亲教育程度也较低（p 值<0.05）。病例中的母亲教育程度也较低（p 值<0.05）。 Матери в этих случаях также были менее образованными (значение p <0,05). ʻO nā makuahine i kēia mau hihia, ʻaʻole i hoʻonaʻauao ʻia (p waiwai <0.05).
ʻO nā keiki i hānau ʻia ma ka ʻāpana caesarean (CS) a i ʻole nā ​​​​ʻano hana ʻē aʻe o ka hānau ʻana, a me nā keiki me ka moʻolelo o ka hānau ʻana i ka asphyxia, ke piʻi aʻe nei ka pilikia o ka maʻi.Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ulu ʻana o ka maʻi ma mua o nā keiki hānai hānai (Table 4).
Ua pili nui ka moʻolelo o ka maʻi ʻai a me ka atopy i ka wā kamaliʻi i ka hānō kamaliʻi. Eia kekahi, ʻo nā keiki mai nā ʻohana me ka mōʻaukala o ka maʻi a me ka hānō (p-value<0.05) ua maʻalahi loa lākou i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi. Eia kekahi, ʻo nā keiki mai nā ʻohana me ka mōʻaukala o ka maʻi a me ka hānō (p-value<0.05) ua maʻalahi loa lākou i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi. Также высокой склонностью к заболеванию отличались дети из семей с анамнезом аллергии и астмы (знач,05е p<005). Eia kekahi, ʻo nā keiki mai nā ʻohana me ka mōʻaukala o ka maʻi ʻaʻai a me ka hānō i loaʻa i ka maʻi nui (p<0.05).此外，来自有过敏和哮喘病史的家庭（p 值<0.05）的儿童极易患病。此外，来自有过敏和哮喘病史的家庭（p 值<0.05）的儿童极易患病。 Кроме того, дети из семей с аллергией и астмой в анамнезе (р-значение <0,05) были высоко восприимчивы. Eia kekahi, ua maʻalahi nā keiki mai nā ʻohana me ka mōʻaukala o ka maʻi a me ka hānō (p-value <0.05). Ua hoʻonui pū ʻia ka puhi paka ʻana ma o nā ʻohana ʻē aʻe ma kahi o ʻewalu manawa o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka hānō ma waena o nā keiki (p-value<0.05). Ua hoʻonui pū ʻia ka puhi paka ʻana ma o nā ʻohana ʻē aʻe ma kahi o ʻewalu manawa o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka hānō ma waena o nā keiki (p-value<0.05). Пассивное курение через других членов семьи также увеличивает риск развития астмы у детей почти в восемь, раз (p<0мь раз (). ʻO ka puhi paka ʻana ma o nā ʻohana ʻē aʻe e hoʻonui i ka pilikia o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka hānō i nā keiki ma kahi kokoke ʻewalu manawa (p waiwai <0.05).通过其他家庭成员被动吸烟也使儿童患哮喘的风险增加了近8 倍（p 伉<0.05）。通过其他家庭成员被动吸烟也使儿童患哮喘的风险增加了近8 Пассивное курение через других членов семьи также увеличивало риск развития астмы у детей почти в 8 раз (p-зна,05). ʻO ka puhi paka ʻana ma o nā ʻohana ʻē aʻe i hoʻonui i ka pilikia o ka ulu ʻana i ka hānō i nā keiki ma kahi o 8 manawa (p-value <0.05).(papa 5)
Ua hōʻike ʻia nā helu helu helu helu he nui i nā keiki ma nā kūlanakauhale, nā wahi haʻahaʻa, ke kūlana socioeconomic haʻahaʻa, nā holoholona, ​​​​ka moʻolelo ʻohana o ka atopy/allergies, ka moʻolelo ʻohana o ka puhi paka/passive puhi, a me nā meaʻai hui pū kekahi mau mea kōkua nui.Nā kumu pilikia no ka hānō kamaliʻi (Papa 6).
Papa 6 Multivariate logistic regression analysis no ka loiloi ʻana i nā mea koʻikoʻi e pili ana i ka hānō kamaliʻi
I loko o ʻelua a ʻekolu mau makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka nui o nā maʻi atopic, e koi ana i nā kūkākūkā nui e pili ana i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke kaiapuni, ka pollution, a me nā pane kūlohelohe i nā pathogens infectious.ʻO ka hōʻike ʻana i ke kaiapuni a me ke kumu o ke kino a me nā mea hoʻopulapula e pili ana i ka ulu ʻana o ka hānō.
I loko o kēia haʻawina, 2.96% o nā maʻi i ka 3 a hiki i ka 12 mau makahiki i hōʻike i ka hānō kamaliʻi.Eia naʻe, ua hōʻike kekahi mau haʻawina mua i nā ʻano like ʻole o ka hānō kamaliʻi i nā keiki India.6,10-12 ʻO nā ʻokoʻa ʻāina a me ke kaiapuni ma India e hoʻopili pololei a pili i nā kumu pilikia e pili ana i ka maʻi hānō.6 No laila, no ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi kūpono a me ka manawa, pono ka loiloi kūloko o nā kumu nui o ka hānō kamaliʻi.
ʻO nā keiki 7-12 makahiki, nā kāne a me nā keiki e noho ana ma nā kūlanakauhale ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pilikia o ka hānō kamaliʻi.Ua ʻike ʻia ka noho aliʻi ʻana o ke kūlanakauhale a me ke kāne i ka maʻi hānō ma kahi noiʻi ma India, 10 e like me kā mākou ʻike.Eia naʻe, he mea koʻikoʻi wale nō kēia hui ma ka pōʻaiapili o ka wahi home.
Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina e hiki ke hoʻololi i ka homoni pili i ke kāne ke hoʻololi i ka hānō, no ka mea, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā keiki kāne i ka hānō i ka wā kamaliʻi.Eia naʻe, hoʻololi kēia kiʻi ma hope o ka wā ʻōpio, a ua ulu pinepine nā wahine i ka maʻi ma mua o nā kāne.13-15 Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā ala ea i nā keikikāne ma lalo o 10 mau makahiki ma mua o nā kaikamahine o ka makahiki like, a ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe ke kumu o ka hānō kamaliʻi i nā keikikāne.16.17
Ua hōʻike ʻo Metro Kamstrup, ke kapikala o Assam, i ka wikiwiki o ke kūlanakauhale i nā makahiki i hala.He nui nā haʻawina e hōʻike nei ʻo ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke kūlanakauhale kahi mea e hoʻohuli ai i ka ulu ʻana o ka hānō, i kūlike me kā mākou noiʻi.18,19 Ma ka haʻawina i kēia manawa, ua hōʻike ʻia ka loiloi loiloi ʻole i ʻoi aku ka nui o nā keiki keu a me ka momona ma mua o ʻelua mau manawa e ulu i ka hānō ma mua o nā keiki me ka BMI maʻamau, e like me ka loiloi hou.20 Eia kekahi, ʻo ke kūlana socioeconomic haʻahaʻa kahi kumu pilikia no ka hānō kamaliʻi.ʻO nā keiki mai nā ʻohana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa socioeconomic ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pilikia o ka ulu ʻana i ka hānō ma muli o ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me nā kumu waiwai mālama olakino.21-23
ʻO nā keiki e noho ana i loko o ka ʻohana hui, nā hale kaccha, nā hale pulu, ka pono ʻole o ka ea, nā kīhini i hoʻopili ʻia, nā wahie hana uahi, nā namu a me Dhuna, etc., ua pili nui i ka hānō kamaliʻi (p-value<0.05). ʻO nā keiki e noho ana i loko o ka ʻohana hui, nā hale kaccha, nā hale pulu, ka pono ʻole o ka ea, nā kīhini i hoʻopili ʻia, nā wahie hana uahi, nā namu a me Dhuna, etc., ua pili nui i ka hānō kamaliʻi (p-value<0.05).ʻO nā keiki e noho ana i loko o ka ʻohana hui, e holo ana mai ka home, ka hale pulu, ka pono ʻole o ka ea, nā kīhini i hoʻopili ʻia, ka wahie hoʻohua, nā namu a me Dhuna etc.д., были достоверно связаны с детской астмой (значение р<0,05). e., ua pili nui me ka hānō kamaliʻi (waiwai p<0.05).共同家庭的儿童、kaccha 房屋、潮湿的住宅、通风不足、附属厨房、产生烟湿的住宅、通风不足、附属厨房、产生烟雾的片烟雾的片凌与儿童哮喘显着相关（p ‼<0.05）。 ʻO nā keiki i loko o ka ʻohana kaʻana like, nā hale kaccha, ka hale pulu, ka pono ʻole o ka ea, ka lumi kuke i hoʻopili ʻia, ka wahie hana uahi, nā namu, a me Dhuna i pili nui i ka hānō o nā keiki (p waiwai <0.05). Дети в общих домохозяйствах, домах качча, сырых жилищах, неадекватной вентиляции, пристроенныхто куномлях, ленныхто куномлях, залд от комаров и Дхуна были в значительной степени связаны с детской астмой (значение p <0,05). ʻO nā kamaliʻi e noho ana i ka ʻohana kaʻana like, ka holo ʻana o ka hale, ka hale pulu, ka pono ʻole o ka ea, nā lumi kuke, ka wahie puhi, nā namu a me ka dhuna i pili nui me ka hānō kamaliʻi (p waiwai <0.05).Ua hōʻike pū ʻia nā noiʻi mua e hiki ke hoʻoulu i ka hānō i nā keiki.24-27 He mea hoʻopaʻapaʻa ka hui ʻana o nā mea ʻaʻai i loko o ka hale me ka hānō kamaliʻi, no ka mea, ua manaʻo ka poʻe noiʻi liʻiliʻi e hiki ke kōkua i ka ʻike mua ʻana i nā allergens i ka ulu ʻana o ka hoʻomanawanui.28
Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina he nui i nā keiki i hānau ʻia e ka ʻāpana caesarean i ka nui o ka pilikia o ka hānō kamaliʻi ma mua o ka hānau ʻana maʻamau.Kūlike kēia me kā mākou ʻike.29-32 ʻO nā keiki me ka moʻolelo o ka hānau ʻana i ka asphyxia ʻoi aku ka nui o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka hānō.He mea koʻikoʻi ka hānō makuahine i nā pilikia hāpai e like me ka maʻi ʻeha hanu a me ka asphyxia neonatal.33
E like me nā haʻawina ʻē aʻe, hōʻike ʻia nā ʻike i kēia manawa he moʻolelo kamaliʻi o ka maʻi ʻai a i ʻole atopy a i ʻole ka moʻolelo ʻohana o ka maʻi allergies a me ka hānō e hoʻonui nui i ka pilikia o ka hānō kamaliʻi.34,35 Ma ka laina me kā mākou aʻo ʻana, ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina multi-generational ma mua e hiki i nā hana puhi puhi waena ke alakaʻi i nā loli genetic i ka epigenome e hoʻonui ai i ka pilikia o ka hānō i nā keiki.36
I kēia mau lā i hala iho nei, ua hoʻopilikia ka hoʻoneʻe kūlanakauhale wikiwiki i nā ʻāpana āpau o ke kaiāulu.Ma muli o nā kumu like ʻole o ka loaʻa kālā a me nā ʻoihana, makemake ka poʻe e noho ma nā kūlanakauhale a no laila e ʻike ʻia i nā ʻano mea haumia kaiapuni.Paipai ʻia nā ʻohana o nā keiki maʻi maʻi e nānā nui i ka pale ʻana i ka haʻahaʻa, ka puhi ʻana, ka mālama ʻana i nā holoholona i loko o ka ʻohana me ka maʻi allergies/allergies, a me ka pale ʻana i nā allergies/allergies i nā keiki me ka mōʻaukala ʻohana o nā maʻi allergies/allergies.Pono e hoʻonui ʻia ka ʻike no ka hānai wale ʻana ma muli o nā pono o ka hānai ʻana i ka pale ʻana i ka hānō.
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā poʻe maʻi e hele mai i ke Kulanui Lapaʻau ʻo Guwahati mai nā wahi a puni ʻo North East India ʻoiai ʻo Guwahati Medical College ke alakaʻi alakaʻi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe ma ka ʻāina.ʻO ka hapa nui o nā maʻi he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa socioeconomic a haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka hoʻonaʻauao.ʻO ka hānō Bronchial i nā keiki he pilikia maʻamau i ka keʻena pediatric o kā mākou haukapila.ʻO nā hoʻolālā pale kūpono no kēia mau maʻi koʻikoʻi e kōkua i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi a hoʻemi i ka pinepine o ka exacerbations.
ʻOiai ʻo nā lāʻau lapaʻau hānō āpau, nui ka poʻe maʻi i noho maikaʻi ʻole, akā ʻo ka ʻike ʻana i nā heluna maʻi kūikawā, me nā phenotypes a me nā endotypes, hiki ke hoʻokō i kā lākou hoʻokele.No laila, ʻo nā noiʻi kūloko o ka maʻi hānō kamaliʻi a me nā mea pilikia e kōkua i ka hoʻokele maikaʻi ʻana i kēia mau hihia.
Ma kēia haʻawina, ʻaʻole i hoʻi mai kekahi mau maʻi no ka nānā hou ʻana a me ka hahai ʻana.Ma muli paha o ka ʻike ʻole i nā kumu a me nā hopena o ka maʻi.Ma muli o nā ʻōnaehana kamaʻilio maikaʻi ʻole, ʻaʻole hiki iā mākou ke hahai i nā maʻi āpau.
Hiki i nā keiki ke loaʻa i ka hānō kaiapuni, a ʻo ka hoʻomaopopo pono ʻana i nā kumu hānō kaiapuni a me nā allergens hiki ke kōkua i ka hoʻomalu a hōʻemi i ke kaumaha o ka maʻi.I loko o nā ʻohana me ka mōʻaukala allergies a i ʻole ka hānō, pono e mālama pono i ka pale ʻana i nā keiki maʻi mai nā kumu predisposing.
Ua hūnā ʻia nā ʻikepili āpau a ua mālama ʻia ke aʻo ʻana e like me ka Hōʻike o Helsinki.
Mahalo i nā pediatrician a pau i kōkua i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i ka ʻikepili a loiloi i ka ʻike o kā lākou ʻike.Ua mahalo pū ʻia nā hoa hana a pau i kōkua iā mākou e komo i nā hale waihona puke o ke keʻena a me ke kaiapuni i ka wā o ke aʻo ʻana.
Ua hāʻawi nui nā mea kākau a pau i ka hana o ka hōʻike, inā ma ka manaʻo, ka hoʻolālā noiʻi, ka hoʻokō, ka hōʻiliʻili ʻikepili, ka nānā ʻana a me ka wehewehe ʻana, a i ʻole kēia mau wahi āpau;ua komo lākou i ka hoʻolālā, hoʻoponopono a loiloi koʻikoʻi paha o ka ʻatikala.E hoʻopau i ka mana no ka paʻi ʻana, e ʻae i ka puke pai kahi e waiho ʻia ai ka ʻatikala, a e ʻae i ke kuleana no nā ʻano āpau o ka hana.
1. Hoʻolālā honua no ka mālama ʻana a me ka pale ʻana i ka hānō.Global Asthma Initiative.2018. Loaʻa ma: https://ginasthma.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/2018-GINA.pdf.Mai ka lā 2 o Dekemaba, 2021