Mahalo iā ʻoe no ka kipa ʻana iā Nature.com. ʻO ka polokalamu kele pūnaewele āu e hoʻohana nei he kākoʻo liʻiliʻi no CSS. No ka ʻike maikaʻi loa, paipai mākou e hoʻohana ʻoe i kahi polokalamu kele hou (a i ʻole e hoʻopau i ke ʻano hoʻohālikelike i Internet Explorer).
He mea koʻikoʻi ka biofilms i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā maʻi maʻi maʻi, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā mea lapaʻau. I ka manawa like, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻenehana hoʻoheheʻe anuanu no ka mea he ala kūpono ia no ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā mea e pili ana i ka wela. e hōʻemi nui i ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o ka biofilm ma ka liʻiliʻi o 1 log i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ke kila kila.
I loko o ka mōʻaukala kanaka, ua hiki i kēlā me kēia hui ke hoʻolālā a hoʻolaha i ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā mea hou e kū ana i kāna mau koi kikoʻī, i hopena i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hana a me ke kūlana i ka ʻoihana honua1.2 No nā makahiki he 60, ua hāʻawi ka poʻe ʻepekema waiwai i ka nui o ko lākou manawa i ka nānā ʻana i hoʻokahi manaʻo nui: ka ʻimi ʻana i nā mea hou a me nā mea ʻokiʻoki.
ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā mea hoʻohuihui, ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka microstructure material, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻenehana hana thermal, mechanical a thermo-mechanical i mea e hoʻomaikaʻi nui ai i ka mechanical, chemical and physical properties o nā ʻano mea like ʻole. paipu, quantum kiko, zero-dimensional, amorphous metala aniani, a kiʻekiʻe-entropy alloys he mau hiʻohiʻona wale nō ia o nā mea holomua i hoʻokomo ʻia i ka honua mai ka waena o ke kenekulia i hala. ua ʻike ʻia nā mea ʻono ʻono, i kapa ʻia ʻo nā aniani metala.
ʻO kāna hana ma Caltech i ka makahiki 1960 ua lawe mai i kahi kipi i ka manaʻo o nā metala i ka wā i synthesized ʻo ia i ke aniani Au-25 ma.% Si alloys ma ka wikiwiki solidifying wai ma kahi kokoke i miliona degere no kekona 4.Professor Pol Duwezs 'ʻike hanana 'aʻole wale i hai aku i ka hoʻomaka o ka mōʻaukala o ka metala makaaniani (MG), akā, noʻonoʻo e pili ana i ke ala kanaka. synthesis of MG alloys, aneane pau nā aniani metala i hana ʻia ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i kekahi o kēia mau ʻano;(i) paʻa wikiwiki o ka heheʻe a i ʻole ka mahu, (ii) ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka ʻātomai o ka lattice, (iii) ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka amorphization mokuʻāina paʻa ma waena o nā mea metala maʻemaʻe, a (iv) ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka mokuʻāina paʻa o nā pae metastable.
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā MGs ma muli o ko lākou nele i ke ʻano atomic lōʻihi e pili ana i nā kristal, kahi ʻano wehewehe o nā kristal. i loko o nā ʻano ʻano ʻano like ʻole. He mau waiwai koʻikoʻi ko lākou;(i) kiʻekiʻe mechanical ductility a me ka hua ikaika, (ii) kiʻekiʻe magnetic permeability, (iii) haʻahaʻa coercivity, (iv) kūʻokoʻa corrosion kūʻokoʻa, (v) wela kūʻokoʻa Ka conductivity o 6,7.
Mechanical alloying (MA) 1,8 mea he ano hou 'ano hana, i hoʻolauna mua ma 19839 e Prof. CC Kock a me nā hoa hana. Ua hoomakaukau lakou i amorphous Ni60Nb40 pauka ma ka wili ana i ka hui 'ana o na mea maemae ma ambient wela kokoke loa i ka lumi wela.ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ua hana ʻia ka hopena MA ma waena o ka hoʻopili ʻana o nā mea hoʻoheheʻe i loko o kahi reactor, i hana mau ʻia me ke kila kuhiliʻole i loko o ka wili pōleʻa 10 (Fig. 1a, b). Mai ia manawa, ua hoʻohana ʻia kēia ʻano hana hoʻokō paʻa i hana ʻia e hoʻomākaukau ai i nā pauka aniani amorphous/metallic me ka haʻahaʻa (Fig. 15 , 16. Ma ka mea nui, ua hoʻohana ʻia kēia ʻano hana e hoʻomākaukau ai i nā ʻōnaehana immiscible e like me Cu-Ta17, a me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe kiʻekiʻe e like me nā ʻōnaehana metala Al-transition (TM; Zr, Hf, Nb a me Ta) 18,19 a me Fe-W20, ʻaʻole hiki ke loaʻa me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ala hoʻomākaukau maʻamau. nā ʻāpana pauka hui pū o nā ʻokikene metala, nā carbide, nitrides, hydrides, carbon nanotubes, nanodiamonds, A me ka hoʻokūpaʻa ākea ma o ka hoʻokokoke ʻana i luna-lalo 1 a me nā pae metastable.
Schematic e hōʻike ana i ke ʻano hana i hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻomākaukau ai i ka Cu50(Zr50−xNix) metala aniani (MG) uhi / SUS 304 i loko o kēia haʻawina. he pahu mīkina lima i hoʻopiha ʻia me ka lewa He.(c) He kumu hoʻohālike akaka o ka ipu wili e hōʻike ana i ka neʻe ʻana o ka pōleʻa i ka wā e wili ai. ʻO ka huahana hope loa o ka pauda i loaʻa ma hope o 50 mau hola i hoʻohana ʻia e uhi i ka substrate SUS 304 me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke ʻano hoʻoheheʻe anuanu (d).
I ka wā e pili ana i nā ʻili o nā mea nui (substrates), pili ka ʻenekinia ʻili i ka hoʻolālā a me ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā ʻili (substrates) e hāʻawi i kekahi mau ʻano kino, kemika a me nā ʻenehana ʻaʻole i loko o ka mea nui nui. a i ʻole nā ​​ʻenehana kemika. Ma ke ʻano he kaʻina hana kaulana, ua wehewehe ʻia ka uhi ʻana ma ke ʻano he hoʻokahi a i ʻole nā ​​papa he nui o nā mea i waiho ʻia ma luna o ka ʻili o kahi mea nui (substrate) i hana ʻia i kahi mea ʻē aʻe.
No ka waiho ʻana i nā papa pale pale kūpono me nā mānoanoa mai kahi mau micrometers (ma lalo o 10-20 micrometers) a ʻoi aku ma mua o 30 micrometers a i ʻole kekahi mau millimeters, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano hana a me nā ʻenehana. ke alo , ka waiho mahu kino (PVD), ka mahu kemika (CVD), ka hana ho'ohuehu wela a me ke ano hou loa o ka pulu anu 24 (Fig. 1d).
Ua wehewehe ʻia nā biofilms ma ke ʻano he microbial kaiaulu i hoʻopili ʻole ʻia i nā ʻili a hoʻopuni ʻia e nā polymers extracellular i hana ponoʻī (EPS). Eia kekahi, ua hōʻike ʻia nā biofilms makua he 1000-fold ʻoi aku ka pale ʻana i ka lāʻau antibiotic i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā cell bacteria planktonic, i manaʻo ʻia he pilikia therapeutic nui.
ʻO ka nui o ka pale ʻana o ka bacteria i nā lāʻau antibiotic ma muli o ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka biofilm ua alakaʻi i ka pono e hoʻomohala i kahi ʻili antimicrobial membrane-coated maikaʻi e hiki ke hoʻohana pono ʻia 27. ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana o kahi kino a i ʻole kemika anti-adherent surface kahi i kāohi ʻia ai nā cell bacteria e hoʻopaʻa a kūkulu i nā biofilms ma muli o ka adhesion ke ala mua i kēia kaʻina27. Loaʻa kēia ma ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mea hoʻonaninani kūʻokoʻa e like me ka graphene / germanium28, black diamond29 a me ZnO-doped diamond-like carbon coatings30 e kū kūʻē i ka bacteria, kahi ʻenehana e hoʻonui i ka Toxicity a me ka hoʻomohala kūʻē ʻana ma muli o ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka biofilm e hoʻemi nui ʻia. hiki i nā kaʻina hana ʻekolu ke hana i nā hopena antimicrobial ma nā ʻili i uhi ʻia, aia kēlā me kēia i kā lākou mau palena ponoʻī e noʻonoʻo ʻia i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā hoʻolālā noi.
Hoʻopilikia ʻia nā huahana i kēia manawa ma ka mākeke e ka manawa kūpono ʻole e nānā a hoʻāʻo i nā pale pale no nā mea hana biologically. Ke koi nei nā ʻoihana e hāʻawi kā lākou huahana i nā mea hoʻohana i nā ʻano hana i makemake ʻia;Eia naʻe, ua lilo kēia i mea pale i ka holomua o nā huahana i kēia manawa ma ka mākeke. Hoʻohana ʻia nā mea i loaʻa mai ke kālā i ka hapa nui o nā lāʻau lapaʻau antimicrobial i loaʻa i kēia manawa i nā mea kūʻai aku. ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi lāʻau antimicrobial i emi ʻole ka pōʻino i ke kanaka a me ka noʻonoʻo ʻana pehea e hoʻokomo ai i loko o nā substrate uhi me ka lōʻihi o ke ola ʻana he pahuhopu i ʻimi nui ʻia. adhesion (me ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻana i ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o kahi papa protein ma ka ʻili) a i ʻole ma ka pepehi ʻana i ka maʻi bacteria ma ke keʻe ʻana i ka paia o ke kelepona.
ʻO ke kumu, ʻo ka uhi ʻana i ka ʻili ke kaʻina o ke kau ʻana i kahi papa ʻē aʻe ma ka ʻili o kahi mea e hoʻonui ai i nā ʻano pili i ka ʻili. .
(a) Inset e hōʻike ana i nā ʻenehana hana nui i hoʻohana ʻia no ka ʻili, a (b) nā pono a me nā hemahema i koho ʻia o ka ʻenehana hoʻoheheʻe anu.
He nui nā ʻano like me ka ʻenehana hoʻoheheʻe anuanu. Akā, aia nō kekahi mau waiwai kumu nui e hana ai i ke kaʻina hana anu a me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe anu anuanu. ma luna o ka substrate.Obviously, keia kuʻuna kaʻina hana uhi 'aʻole i kūpono no loa wela-koʻikoʻi mea e like me nanocrystals, nanoparticles, amorphous a me metal glasses40, 41, 42. Eia kekahi, thermal spray coating mea mau hoike kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka porosity a me ka oxides. Cold spray enehana he nui na pomaikai ma luna o ka thermal spraying enehana, e like me ka liʻiliʻi loa o ka substrati spraying enehana, e like me ka substrati spraying koho i ka wela. , (iii) ka'ole o ka ho'ololi'ana o ka māhele a me ka ulu'ana o ka palaoa, (iv) ka ikaika pili ki'eki'e1,39 (Fig.2b) . Eia kekahi, he kiʻekiʻe ke kū'ēʻana o nā mea pale anuanu, ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me ka paʻakikī, ka conductivity uila kiʻekiʻe a me ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe 41. Kū'ē i nā mea maikaʻi o ke kaʻina hana anuanu, aia kekahi mau hemahema i ka hoʻohanaʻana i kēiaʻano hana, e like me ia i hōʻikeʻia ma ka Figure 2b. I ka uhiʻana i nā pauka ceramic maʻemaʻe e like me Al2O3, TiO2, ZrO2, hikiʻole ke hoʻohanaʻia ka lima anu. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā pauka metala composite ma ke ʻano he mea maka no ka uhi ʻana. Pēlā nō ia no nā ʻano hana ʻino ʻē aʻe.
Ma muli o ka manaʻo o ka hana o kēia manawa e hoʻohana i nā pauka aniani metala ma ke ʻano he mea uhi maka, ua maopopo ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka pulupulu wela maʻamau no kēia kumu.
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā mea hana i hoʻohana ʻia i ka lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā ʻoihana meaʻai i hana ʻia me nā ʻāpana kila stainless austenitic (SUS316 a me SUS304) me kahi ʻano chromium ma waena o 12 a me 20 wt% no ka hana ʻana i nā mea ʻokiʻoki. ial properties38,39. He ʻokoʻa kēia me ko lākou pale ʻana i ka corrosion.
ʻO kēia haʻawina ka papa mua o kahi papahana i kākoʻo ʻia e ka Kuwait Foundation for the Advancement of Science (KFAS), ka ʻaelike No. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona ʻino electrochemical a me nā waiwai mechanical o ka ʻōnaehana ma ke kikoʻī.
Ma kēia pepa, ua kūkākūkā ʻia ka hopena o ka Zr alloying element content ma ke aniani forming ability (GFA) e pili ana i ka morphological and structural features. .E like me nā laʻana, Cu50Zr30Ni20 a me Cu50Zr20Ni30 metala aniani alloys ua hoʻohana 'ia i loko o kēia haʻawina.
Ma kēia ʻāpana, hōʻike ʻia nā hoʻololi morphological o Cu50Zr20Ni30 a me Cu50Zr40Ni10 e hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he mau hiʻohiʻona.
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona metallographic o nā pauka mechanical alloy (MA) i loaʻa ma hope o nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ka manawa wili pōleʻa. Hōʻike ʻia ka ʻōnaehana Ni10 ma hope o ka manawa ma (b), (d) a me (f).
I ka wili poepoe, pili ka ikehu kinetic pono i hiki ke hoololiia i ka pauda metala e ka hui ana o na palena, e like me ka hoike ana ma ka Fig. Zr, a me Ni pauka i nui deformed ma muli o ke anu kuʻihao ma ka mua pae o MA (3 h), ka hopena i ka nui pauda particles (> 1 mm ke anawaena) . decomposition o ka pauda hui i loko o nā pauka maikaʻi loa (emi iho ma lalo o 200 µm), e like me ka hoike ana ma Fig. 3c,d. Ma keia pae, ka hoohana ana i ka ikaika e alakai i ka hana ana i ka hou metala ili me Cu maikai, Zr, Ni papa kuhikuhi, e like me ka hoike ia ma Fig.
Ma ka piko o ke kaʻina hana MA (ma hope o 50 mau hola), ʻike ʻia ka metallography flaky wale nō. -SEM) hui pū me ka ikehu dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) (IV).
Ma ka Papa 2, ua hōʻike ʻia nā ʻāpana kumu o nā mea hoʻohuihui e like me ka pākēneka o ka nui o ke kaumaha o kēlā me kēia māhele i koho ʻia ma Fig. 3e, f. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia kēia mau hopena me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā haku mele Cu50Zr20Ni30 a me Cu50Zr40Ni10 i helu ʻia ma ka Papa 1, hiki ke ʻike ʻia ʻo nā haku o kēia mau huahana hope loa i nā waiwai like ʻole. ed ma Fig. 3e,f 'aʻole i hōʻike i ka nui deterioration a fluctuation i loko o ka haku mele 'ana o kēlā me kēia hāpana mai kekahi wahi i kekahi. Ua hōʻike 'ia kēia ma ka mea,ʻaʻohe hoʻololi o ka haku mele 'ana mai kekahi 'āina i kekahi. 'O kēia ke kuhikuhi i ka hana ana o homogeneous pauda huila, e like me ka hoike ana ma ka Papa 2.
Loaʻa nā micrographs FE-SEM o ka huahana hope loa Cu50(Zr50−xNix) pauka ma hope o nā manawa 50 MA, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ka Fig. 4a-d, kahi o x he 10, 20, 30 a me 40 ma.%, pakahi. 73 i ka 126 nm, e like me ka hoike ana ma ke Kii 4.
Nā hiʻohiʻona morphological o Cu50 (Zr50−xNix) pauka i loaʻa ma hope o ka manawa MA o 50 h.No ka Cu50Zr40Ni10, Cu50Zr30Ni20, Cu50Zr20Ni30, Cu50Zr10Ni40 pūnaewele, nā kiʻi FE-SEM o nā pauka i loaʻa ma hope o 50 mau manawa (b).
Ma mua o ka hoʻouka ʻana i nā pauka i loko o kahi mea hānai anuanu, ua sonicated mua lākou i ka analytical grade ethanol no 15 mau minuke a laila maloʻo ma 150 ° C no nā hola 2. Pono e lawe ʻia kēia ʻanuʻu e hakakā maikaʻi i ka agglomeration e hoʻoulu pinepine ai i nā pilikia koʻikoʻi i loko o ke kaʻina hana uhi. micrographs a me nā kiʻi EDS e pili ana i nā mea hoʻohuihui Cu, Zr a me Ni o ka huila Cu50Zr30Ni20 i loaʻa ma hope o 50 h o ka M manawa, pakahi.
Morphology and local elemental distribution of MG Cu50Zr30Ni20 powder loaʻa ma hope o 50 MA manawa e FE-SEM/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS).
Hōʻike ʻia nā ʻano XRD o Cu50Zr40Ni10, Cu50Zr30Ni20, Cu50Zr20Ni30 a me Cu50Zr20Ni30 pauka i loaʻa ma hope o ka MA manawa o 50 h ma Fig. 6a-d.
ʻO nā kumu XRD o (a) Cu50Zr40Ni10, (b) Cu50Zr30Ni20, (c) Cu50Zr20Ni30 a me (d) Cu50Zr20Ni30 pauka ma hope o ka MA manawa o 50 h. ʻO nā hōʻailona a pau me kaʻole o ka mea'ē aʻe i hōʻike i kahi hiʻohiʻona halo diffusion, e hōʻike ana i ke kūkuluʻiaʻana o kahi māhele amorphous.
Ua hoʻohana 'ia ka hoʻokuʻu 'ana i ka microscopy electron (FE-HRTEM) no ka nānā 'ana i nā hoʻololi a hoʻomaopopo i ke ʻano kūloko o nā pauka i loaʻa mai i ka wili pōleʻa i nā manawa MA like ʻole. ʻO nā kiʻi FE-HRTEM o nā pauka i loaʻa ma hope o ka wā mua (6 h) a me ka waena (18 h) o ka wili no Cu50Zr30Ni20 a me Cu50Ni20 a me Cu50Zr. i ke kiʻi māla nani (BFI) o ka pauda i hana ʻia ma hope o MA6 h, ua haku ʻia ka pauda me nā hua nui me nā palena i wehewehe maikaʻi ʻia o nā mea fcc-Cu, hcp-Zr a me fcc-Ni, a ʻaʻohe hōʻailona ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka pae hopena, e like me ka hōʻike ʻana ma Fig. 7a. kumu (Fig. 7b), e hōʻike ana i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā crystallites nui a me ka loaʻa ʻole o kahi pae reactive.
Loaʻa ka ʻano kūloko kūloko o ka pauka MA ma hope o ke kau mua (6 h) a me ke kau waena (18 h). ).
E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma Fig. 7c, ʻo ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka lōʻihi o MA i 18 h ka hopena i nā hemahema lattice koʻikoʻi i hui pū ʻia me ka deformation plastic. I kēia wā waena o ke kaʻina hana MA, hōʻike ka pauda i nā hemahema like ʻole, me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā hewa, nā hemahema lattice, a me nā hemahema kiko (Figure 7). g. 7c).
ʻO ka hale kūloko o Cu50Z30Ni20 pauka i wili ʻia no ka manawa 36 h MA ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā nanograins ultrafine i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o kahi matrix maikaʻi amorphous, e like me ka hōʻike ʻana ma ka Fig. 8a.Local EDS analysis i hōʻike ʻia ua pili kēlā mau nanoclusters i hōʻike ʻia ma ka Fig. ~ 74 ma.% (wahi waiwai), e hōʻike ana i ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o nā huahana heterogeneous. Eia kekahi, ʻo nā SADP e pili ana i nā pauka i loaʻa ma hope o ka wili ʻana ma kēia pae e hōʻike ana i nā apo halo-diffusing mua a me nā apo lua o ka pae amorphous, e uhi ana me nā kiko ʻoi e pili ana i kēlā mau mea hoʻohui maka, e like me ka hōʻike ʻana ma Fig. 8b.
Ma waho aʻe o ka 36 h-Cu50Zr30Ni20 pauka nanoscale nā ​​hiʻohiʻona hoʻolālā kūloko.
Ma kahi kokoke i ka hopena o ka hana MA (50 h), Cu50(Zr50−xNix), X;10, 20, 30 a me 40 at.% pauda mau loa ka labyrinthine amorphous phase morphology e like me ka hoike ana ma ka Fig. 9a-d .Ma ka SADP e pili ana i kela ame keia haku mele, aole hiki ke ike ia na kiko-like a me na mamana annular koi. Ua hoʻohana pū ʻia nā kumu hoʻohui i mea hōʻike no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā pae amorphous i ka mea huahana hope loa.
Kūlana kūloko o ka huahana hope o ka MG Cu50 (Zr50−xNix) system.FE-HRTEM a me ka correlated nanobeam diffraction patterns (NBDP) o (a) Cu50Zr40Ni10, (b) Cu50Zr30Ni20, (c) Cu50Zr20Ni30 a me (d) Cu50Zr o MA40Zr
ʻO ke kūpaʻa wela o ke aniani hoʻololi wela (Tg), subcooled wai ʻāpana (ΔTx) a me ka crystallization wela (Tx) ma ke ʻano he hana o Ni maʻiʻo (x) o ka amorphous Cu50 (Zr50−xNix) ʻōnaehana ua noiʻi ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka Calorimetry scanning differential (DSC) o nā waiwai ma lalo o He kinoea kahe. r10Ni40 amorphous alloy pauka i loaʻa ma hope o MA manawa o 50 h ua hoikeia ma Fig. 10a, b, e, i kela mea keia mea. Oiai ka DSC curve o amorphous Cu50Zr20Ni30 ua hoike kaawale ia ma Fig. 10c. Meanwhile, ka Cu50Zr30Ni20 hāpana hōʻike 'ia i ka Fi.
Thermal paʻa o Cu50 (Zr50−xNix) MG pauka i loaʻa ma hope o ka MA manawa o 50 h, e like me ka helu 'ia e ke aniani hoʻololi wela (Tg), crystallization mahana (Tx), a me ka subcooled wai māhele 'āina (ΔTx). Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) thermograms o (a) Cu50Zr40Ni100, Cu50Zr40Ni10,Zr40Ni10,Zr40Ni10,Zr40Ni10,000. Ni30 a me (e) Cu50Zr10Ni40 MG alloy powders ma hope o MA ka manawa o 50 h.The X-ray diffraction (XRD) kumu o ka Cu50Zr30Ni20 hāpana i hoʻomehanaʻia i ~ 700 °C i DSC i hōʻike 'ia ma (d).
E like me ka mea i hoikeia ma ka Kii 10, ua hoike mai na kaha DSC o na haku mele a pau me na kumu Ni (x) like ole, hookahi endothermic a me kekahi exothermic. Ua pili ka hanana endothermic mua me Tg, a o ka lua e pili ana me Tx. Ua kapaia ka aoao o ka lani i waena o Tg a me Tx i ka mahele wai hooluu (ΔTx = Tx10 a me ka Tx o Tx). 0 laana (Fig. 10a), waiho ma 526°C a me 612°C, e hoololi i ka maʻiʻo (x) i 20 ma.% i ka aoao wela haʻahaʻa o 482°C a me 563°C me ka hoonui Ni maʻiʻo (x), pakahi, e like me ka hoike ana ma ka Figure 10b. No laila, ua emi ka ΔTx o Ni 510 °C (Figure 8 a hiki i ka 800°C) 1 °C no Cu50Zr30Ni20 (Fig. 10b) . No ka MG Cu50Zr40Ni10 alloy, ua ike no hoi ua emi iho na waiwai o Tg, Tx a me ΔTx i ka pae o 447°C, 526°C a me 79°C (Fig. 10b). ʻO ka waiwai g (507 °C) o ka MG Cu50Zr20Ni30 alloy he haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka MG Cu50Zr40Ni10 alloy;akā naʻe, hōʻike kāna Tx i kahi waiwai like me ka mua (612 ° C). No laila, hōʻike ʻo ΔTx i kahi waiwai kiʻekiʻe (87 ° C), e like me ka hōʻike ʻana ma ka Fig. 10c.
ʻO ka ʻōnaehana MG Cu50(Zr50−xNix), e lawe ana i ka huila MG Cu50Zr20Ni30 ma ke ʻano he laʻana, crystallizes ma o kahi kiʻekiʻe exothermic peak i loko o nā ʻāpana aniani o fcc-ZrCu5, orthorhombic-Zr7Cu10 a me orthorhombic-ZrNi (Fig. 10c. ), i hoʻomehana ʻia i 700 °C ma DSC.
Hōʻike ka Figure 11 i nā kiʻi i lawe ʻia i ka wā o ke kaʻina hana hoʻoheheʻe anuanu i hana ʻia i ka hana o kēia manawa. Ma kēia noiʻi ʻana, ua hoʻopili ʻia nā ʻāpana metala me ke aniani-like pauda ma hope o ka manawa MA o 50 h (e lawe ana iā Cu50Zr20Ni30 ma ke ʻano he laʻana) i hoʻohana ʻia e like me nā mea antibacterial maka, a ua uhi ʻia ka pā kila stainless (SUS304) no ka mea ua koho ʻia ke ʻano ʻenehana hoʻoheheʻe wela no ka mea ua koho ʻia ke ʻano hana hoʻoheheʻe wela i ka ʻenehana hoʻoheheʻe wela. hiki ke hoʻohana 'ia no ka metala metatable wela wela e like me amorphous a me nanocrystalline pauka, i ole i lalo i ka phase transitions .ʻO kēia ke kumu nui i ke koho 'ana i keia method.The anu e hoʻokō 'ia ma ka hoʻohana 'ana i kiʻekiʻe-wikiwiki particles e hoohuli i ka kinetic ikehu o na particles i ka plastic deformation, ke kaumaha a me ka wela ma luna o ka hopena me ka substrate a i waiho mua ia.
Hōʻike nā kiʻi kahua i ke kaʻina hana hoʻoheheʻe anu i hoʻohana ʻia no ʻelima mau hoʻomākaukau ʻana o ka uhi ʻana o MG/SUS 304 ma 550 °C.
ʻO ka ikehu kinetic o nā ʻāpana, a no laila ke ʻano o kēlā me kēia ʻāpana i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka uhi, pono e hoʻololi ʻia i nā ʻano ʻano ikehu ʻē aʻe ma o nā mīkini e like me ka deformation plastik (nā ʻāpana mua a me nā pānaʻi ʻāpana-particle i ka substrate a me nā pilina pili), voids Hoʻohui, ʻāpana-particle rotation, kānana a hopena wela 39. sion, 'o ia hoʻi, e hoʻihoʻi hou nā ʻāpana ma hope o ka hopena. Ua kuhikuhi ʻia ua hoʻololi ʻia ka 90% o ka ikehu hopena i hoʻohana ʻia i ka ʻāpana / substrate i loko o ka wela kūloko 40. Eia kekahi, ke hoʻopili ʻia ke koʻikoʻi hopena, loaʻa nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe plastic strain i loko o ka ʻāpana pili / substrate i kahi manawa pōkole loa41,42.
Manaʻo ʻia ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka plastik he kaʻina o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka ikehu, a ʻoi aku paha, he kumu wela ma ka ʻāina interfacial. Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole lawa ka piʻi ʻana o ka mahana ma ka ʻāpana interfacial no ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i waena a i ʻole e hoʻolaha nui i ka interdiffusion atomika.
Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka BFI o MG Cu50Zr20Ni30 alloy pauka ma Fig. 12a, i uhi ʻia ma ka substrate SUS 304 (Fig. 11, 12b). E like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia mai ke kiʻi, mālama nā pauka i uhi ʻia i ko lākou ʻano amorphous kumu no ka mea he labyrinth palupalu ko lākou ʻano me ka ʻole o nā hiʻohiʻona defect o ka lima. ed by nanoparticles incorporated into the MG-coated powder matrix (Fig. 12a).Figure 12c depicts the indexed nanobeam diffraction pattern (NBDP) pili me ka māhele I (Figure 12a). E like me ka hoike ana ma Fig. 12c, NBDP hoike i ka nawaliwali halo diffusion pattern of amorphic cubestable paʻa me ka amorphic cubestable paʻa me ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana o ka amorphic a me ke kumu hoʻoheheʻe ʻia o ka mekala. tragonal CuO phase. ʻO ka hoʻokumu ʻana o CuO hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia i ka oxidation o ka pauka i ka wā e hele ai mai ka nozzle o ka pū puhi a hiki i SUS 304 ma ka lewa ākea ma lalo o ke kahe supersonic. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ua loaʻa ka devitrification o nā pauka aniani metala i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā ʻāpana cubic nui ma hope o ka mālama ʻana i ke anuanu ma 550 °C no 30 min.
(a) FE-HRTEM kiʻi o ka pauka MG i uhi ʻia ma (b) SUS 304 substrate (inset of figure). ʻO ka index NBDP o ka hōʻailona pōʻai i hōʻike ʻia ma (a) i hōʻike ʻia ma (c).
No ka hōʻoiaʻana i kēia hana kūpono no ka hoʻokumuʻana i nā nanoparticles Zr2Ni cubic nui, ua hanaʻia kahi hoʻokolohua kūʻokoʻa.akā naʻe, no ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka hopena annealing o nā pauka, ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia lākou mai ke kaula SUS304 i ka hikiwawe loa (e pili ana i 60 kekona).
Hōʻike nā kiʻi 13a, b i nā kiʻi kiʻi ʻeleʻele (DFI) i loaʻa ma ka nānā ʻana i ka microscopy electron transmission (STEM) o ʻelua mau mea i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i waiho ʻia ma nā substrates SUS 304 no 60 s a me 180 s, pakahi. d e ka nui o ka diffraction mua a me ke kula kiʻekiʻe i hōʻike ʻia ma ke Kiʻi 14a. Hōʻike kēia i ka nele o ka metastable / mesophase precipitation, kahi i paʻa ai ka pauka i kona ʻano amorphous kumu.