Ke hoʻohana nei i nā mea hana o ka polokalamu 3D Spark, ua kālailai ka hui i nā mea like ʻole e pili ana i nā kumukūʻai hana.ʻO kekahi o lākou he kiko'ī i nā'āpana, aʻo nā mea'ē aʻe i nā kaʻina hana.No ka laʻana, hoʻonohonoho i nā ʻāpana e hōʻemi i nā kākoʻo a hoʻonui i nā ʻili i kūkulu ʻia.
Ma ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā ikaika ma kahi hinge, hiki i kēia mau mea hana ke wehe i nā mea i liʻiliʻi ka hopena.Loaʻa kēia i kahi 35% o ke kaumaha.ʻO ka liʻiliʻi o nā mea ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o ka paʻi ʻana, e hōʻemi hou ana i nā kumukūʻai.
ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole pono ka mea a lākou e hana nei i mea hou i kekahi i komo i ka paʻi 3D.He kūpono ke hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ka ʻāpana ma ke ʻano kūpono.Ua ʻike mākou i ka lawe ʻia ʻana o nā mea ʻōpala i ka paʻi 3D a me ka hana kuʻuna.ʻO ka mea hoihoi loa, ʻo ia ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hana e kōkua i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i kēia optimization.ʻAʻole mākou ʻike i ka nui o ke kumukūʻai o ka polokalamu, a ke manaʻo nei mākou ʻaʻole ia i kuhikuhi ʻia i ka mākeke paʻi 3D hobbyist.Akā, ke noʻonoʻo nei i ka mea hiki ke hana, manaʻo mākou me ka lubrication o ke kuli a me ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā polokalamu i loaʻa, hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa nā hopena like.
Ma ke kumumanaʻo, hiki i nā mea hana hiki ke hoʻokō i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā mea e hiki ke hoʻoholo i ka mea e wehe ʻia.Ua ʻike mākou e hoʻohana ana nā mea hana kaʻa i ka paʻi 3D.
"Ma ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā ikaika ma ka hinge, hiki i kēia mau mea hana ke wehe i nā mea ʻaʻohe hopena koʻikoʻi.ʻAʻole wau he ʻenekinia, akā heluhelu wau i kēia a manaʻo wau i ka Finite Element Analysis.A laila ʻike wau iā ʻoe ma ka ʻōlelo penultimate.Ua haʻi ʻia ʻo ia .ʻOiaʻiʻo ua hana nā automakers.Hoʻohālikelike mākou pehea?Hāʻawi kēia kumu hoʻohālike i ka ikaika i ka pilikia a me ka hoʻohana maʻamau?
Pono kēlā me kēia ʻaoʻao, awāwa a me nā kīʻaha i ka manawa mīkini a me nā mea hana.Pono paha kekahi mau mea hoʻololi hou aʻe, a i ka wā e hana ai ma kahi ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, pono paha e hana ʻia nā ʻāpana a hoʻopili hou ʻia e lawe iā lākou i kahi ʻano e hiki ai ke hana i nā ʻeke he nui - inā hiki iā lākou ke loaʻa kahi mea hana kūpono a puni.
Manaʻo wau hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i kahi mīkini me nā kiʻekiʻe o ke kūʻokoʻa e hoʻohuli i ka ʻāpana i ke kihi maikaʻi loa… Akā i ke kumu kūʻai?
ʻAʻohe ʻano kaohi o ka paʻi 3D, e hana maʻalahi i nā ʻāpana paʻakikī e like me nā mea maʻalahi.
Ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, ʻo ka pōmaikaʻi o ka mīkini subtractive maʻamau ʻo ia ka mea e like me ka isotropic, ua like ka ikaika ma nā ʻaoʻao āpau, a me ka ʻole o nā pā hale, ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e hopohopo no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana ʻino ma muli o ka sintering maikaʻi ʻole.Hiki nō hoʻi ke hele i loko o ka wili wili (kahi inexpensive step) e hāʻawi iā ia i kahi ʻano palaoa maikaʻi.
Loaʻa nā palena o nā ʻano paʻi 3D āpau.ʻO nā ʻāpana o SLM.E like me kāu e noʻonoʻo ai, ʻaʻole koʻikoʻi ke ʻano isotropic o SLM.Hāʻawi nā mīkini a me nā kaʻina hana i kēlā me kēia lā i nā hopena kūlike.
Eia naʻe, ʻo ke kumukūʻai ponoʻī he holoholona ʻē aʻe.Ma ka ʻoihana aerospace, paʻakikī ka paʻi 3D e hoʻokūkū maoli.
E ʻōlelo wau ʻo ka ʻoihana aerospace kekahi o nā wahi liʻiliʻi i hiki ke hoʻāpono ʻia ke kumukūʻai o ka paʻi 3D metala.ʻO nā kumukūʻai hana mua he hapa liʻiliʻi o ke kumukūʻai o kahi huahana aerospace, a he mea koʻikoʻi ke kaumaha i maʻalahi ke loaʻa kahi hoʻohana no ia.Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe o ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka maikaʻi no nā ʻāpana composite, hiki i kahi kaʻina paʻi akamai a me ka nānā ʻana i ke ʻano koʻikoʻi ke hāʻawi i ka mālama kālā maoli a me ka hanu o ka ea hou.
ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona maopopo loa ʻo ia nā mea a pau i paʻi ʻia ma nā ʻenekini rocket i kēia lā.Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻopau i nā wahi he nui o ka maikaʻi ʻole i nā pipeline paʻakikī i ka wā e hōʻemi ana i nā poho laina hoʻihoʻi a me ke kaumaha.Manaʻo wau he 3d paʻi ʻia kekahi mau nozzles engine (superdraco paha?).Ke hoʻomanaʻo nei au i ka nūhou o kekahi ʻano paʻi metala ma luna o nā mokulele Boeing.
Hiki i nā huahana e like me nā mea hoʻolalelale hou o ka Navy a me nā mea hou hou aʻe he nui nā pale paʻi 3D.ʻO ka pōmaikaʻi o nā ʻāpana topology-optimized ʻo ia ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka ʻike ikaika i loko o ke kaʻina hana hoʻolālā a pili pono ka loiloi luhi.
Eia nō naʻe, aia kekahi manawa ma mua o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā mea e like me DMLS i ka automotive a me ka hana ʻana.ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ke kaumaha.
ʻO kahi noi kahi e hana maikaʻi ai i loko o nā manifold hydraulic/pneumatic.He mea maikaʻi loa ka hiki ke hana i nā awāwa curved a me nā lua no ka shrink wrap.Eia kekahi, no ka hōʻoia ʻana, pono ʻoe e hana i kahi hoʻāʻo koʻikoʻi 100%, no laila ʻaʻole pono ʻoe i kahi kumu palekana nui (he kiʻekiʻe ke koʻikoʻi).
ʻO ka pilikia, ʻo ka nui o nā ʻoihana e haʻaheo no ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi paʻi SLM, akā kakaikahi ka poʻe ʻike pehea e hoʻohana ai.Hoʻohana wale ʻia kēia mau mea paʻi no ka prototyping wikiwiki a hana ʻole i ka hapa nui o ka manawa.No ka mea, ke manaʻo ʻia nei he wahi hou kēia, manaʻo ʻia e emi nā mea paʻi e like me ka waiū a pono e ʻoki ʻia i loko o 5 mau makahiki.ʻO ia ke ʻano he haʻahaʻa loa ke kumukūʻai maoli, paʻakikī maoli ka loaʻa ʻana o ke kumukūʻai kūpono no kahi hana hana.
Eia kekahi, hilinaʻi ka maikaʻi o ka paʻi ʻana i ka conductivity thermal o ka mea, ʻo ia hoʻi ka hana ʻana o ka aluminika i ka ʻili o ka ʻili e hiki ai ke alakaʻi i ka hana luhi hoʻonāukiuki (ʻaʻole pono ka nui o lākou inā ʻoe e hoʻolālā ana no kēlā).Eia kekahi, ʻoiai ʻo TiAlV6 paʻi maikaʻi loa a ʻoi aku ka ikaika o nā waiwai ma mua o ka papa kumu 5, loaʻa ka alumini ma ke ʻano he AlSi10Mg, ʻaʻole ia ka alloy ikaika loa.ʻO T6, ʻoiai kūpono no ka hoʻolei ʻana o nā mea like, ʻaʻole kūpono ia no nā ʻāpana SLM.He maikaʻi hou ʻo Scalmaloy akā paʻakikī i ka laikini, hāʻawi liʻiliʻi, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana iā Ti me nā paia lahilahi.
Pono ka hapa nui o nā ʻoihana i ka lima a me ka wāwae, 20 mau laʻana, a me kāu keiki mua e hana i ka ʻāpana i paʻi ʻia.ʻOiai ma ke ʻano he mea like ia me nā mea hoʻolei mīkini i lawe i nā hoki a me nā peni e hana ai no nā makahiki, manaʻo lākou he kilokilo nā ʻāpana i paʻi ʻia a manaʻo nā mea kūʻai aku he mau ʻeke hohonu lākou.Eia kekahi, ʻo nā hui i hōʻoia ʻia ʻo AS9100 ʻaʻole pōkole i nā hana a hauʻoli i ka hana ʻana i nā mea a lākou i hana ai no ka manawa lōʻihi a ʻike hiki iā lākou ke loaʻa kālā mai ia mea a hiki iā lākou ke hana me ka ʻole o ka hoʻopiʻi ʻia ʻana no kahi ulia mokulele..
No laila ʻae: hiki i ka ʻoihana aerospace ke pōmaikaʻi mai nā ʻāpana SLM, a hana kekahi o lākou, akā paʻa nā idiosyncrasies o ka ʻoihana a me nā hui e hāʻawi nei i ka lawelawe i nā makahiki 70, kahi mea e paʻakikī iki ai.ʻO ka hoʻomohala maoli wale nō ka ʻenekini, kahi i paʻi ʻia ai nā injectors wahie i mea maʻamau.No mākou iho, ʻo ka hakakā ʻana no ka lako me ASML he kaua piʻi.
ʻO ka paipu hoʻopau no ka paʻi ʻana 3D i ke kila kila P-51D.https://www.3dmpmag.com/article/?/powder-bed-systems/laser/a-role-in-military-fleet-readiness
ʻO nā kumu ʻē aʻe e pili ana i nā kumukūʻai mīkini ʻo ia ka hoʻokele ʻana i nā poho hoʻomaha ma muli o ka spalling a me ka evaporation.Eia kekahi, pono e hana ʻia nā chips.Hiki ke hoʻemi nui ʻia nā puʻupuʻu i ka hana nui.
Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia kēia ma ke ʻano he hoʻolālā topology, a e like me kāu e manaʻo ai, he pae ʻē aʻe o ka nānā ʻana ma luna o FEA.Loaʻa wale ʻia i nā makahiki i hala iho nei i ka lilo ʻana o nā mea hana.
Ke ʻike ʻoe i ka inoa Fraunhofer, ua patent ʻia a pāpā ʻia ke kaiāulu hana mai ka hoʻohana ʻana iā ia no ka manawa lōʻihi loa.
Ma nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe: ua hana mākou i kahi ala hou e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ai e hoʻololi ʻia kāu kaʻa i ka wā e pau ai kāu palapala hoʻokō.
ʻAʻole wau i ʻike i ka pilina ma waena o nā ʻeke puka māmā a me kahi kipi ʻino e hoʻolei ai i kāu kaʻa holoʻokoʻa i ka ʻōpala?
ʻO ka loiloi ola luhi kekahi mea;inā ʻoe e hoʻonui wale i ka ikaika waiwai, e hoʻopau ʻoe i kahi ʻāpana hana ʻole.
ʻOiai inā ua hoʻolālā lākou i ka nāwaliwali, ʻaʻole ia e luhi ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka palapala hōʻoia, he hinge wale nō ia, akā he mea hou, a ʻaʻole paha e pono ʻoe e hoʻolei i ke kaʻa holoʻokoʻa ... aia kahi kaʻa kaʻa i ka wā e ola ana ke kaʻa, no ka mea ma ke ʻano he maikaʻi mau, akā ʻaʻohe mea hou e pili ana i kēlā…
I ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana, no ka hōʻoia ʻana e hoʻokō i nā kūlana palekana a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, ua hana hou ʻia paha ia, e like me ka hapa nui o nā kaʻa/kino/noho, ma muli o ke koʻikoʻi e loaʻa iā ia i ka hoʻohana maʻamau..wahi kūʻai, ke ʻole ke koi ʻia e ke kānāwai ma kou wahi.
“He hinge wale nō ia” akā he laʻana no ka hoʻolālā ʻana i kahi ʻāpana no ke ola kikoʻī.Ke hoʻohana ʻia i ke koena o kāu kaʻa, e lilo kāu kaʻa i clunker no kekahi manawa.
ʻO ka hōʻino ka hopena o kā lākou pale patent pinepine (MP3, ʻike wau!).
Kūkulu ʻia ka hoʻokele waiwai holoʻokoʻa o ʻAmelika ma luna o ia "chip".Ma kekahi mau kūlana hana ia :-/.
Ua hana nui ʻo Fraunhofer i ka ʻepekema.ʻAʻole i hoʻohana wale ʻia, akā no ka noiʻi kumu.Ua pau ke kālā.Inā makemake ʻoe e hana me ka ʻole o nā patent a me nā laikini, pono ʻoe e hāʻawi iā lākou i ke kālā kālā aupuni.Me nā laikini a me nā patent, nā poʻe ma nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe kekahi o nā kumukūʻai no ka mea ua pōmaikaʻi lākou i ka ʻenehana.Eia kekahi, he mea nui kēia mau haʻawina a pau no ka mālama ʻana i ka hoʻokūkū o ka ʻoihana.
Wahi a kā lākou pūnaewele, ʻo kahi hapa o kāu ʻauhau ma kahi o 30% (Grundfinanzierung), ʻo ke koena mai nā kumu i loaʻa i nā hui ʻē aʻe.He ʻāpana paha ka loaʻa kālā patent o kēlā 70%, no laila inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e noʻonoʻo i kēlā, e emi ana ka hoʻomohala ʻana a i ʻole nā ​​​​ʻauhau.
No kekahi kumu ʻike ʻole ʻia, pāpā ʻia ke kila kila a kaulana ʻole no ke kino, mīkini, hoʻoili a me nā mea hoʻokuʻu.Hiki ke loaʻa wale i nā paipu hoʻopau pipiʻi, e like me ka martensitic AISI 410, inā makemake ʻoe i kahi pauka maikaʻi a paʻa pono ʻoe e hoʻohana iā AISI 304/316 iā ʻoe iho e hana i kahi mea like.
No laila, e hoʻopili ʻia nā puka a pau o ia mau ʻāpana me ka lepo pulu a hoʻomaka koke nā ʻāpana e pala.No ka mea, ua hoʻolālā ʻia ka ʻāpana no ke kaumaha haʻahaʻa loa, e hoʻonāwaliwali koke kekahi ʻōpala no ka hana.Laki paha ʻoe inā ʻo ia ʻāpana he hinge puka wale nō, a i ʻole kekahi mea koʻikoʻi i loko a i ʻole ka lever.Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā ʻāpana hoʻokuʻu, nā ʻāpana hoʻoili a i ʻole kekahi mea like, pilikia nui ʻoe.
PS: Ua ʻike anei kekahi i kahi kaʻa kila kuhili ʻole i ʻike ʻia i ka makū, ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana a me ka lepo a puni a me ka hapa nui o kāna hana kino?Hiki ke kūʻai ʻia nā lima hoʻomaha a pau, nā hale hoʻoheheʻe radiator, a pēlā aku ma kēlā me kēia kumu kūʻai.ʻIke wau e pili ana i ka DeLorean, akā naʻe, aia wale nō nā paneli waho kila kila a ʻaʻole ke kino holoʻokoʻa a me nā kikoʻī koʻikoʻi ʻē aʻe.
E uku hou aku au no ke kaʻa me ke kino kila kuhiliʻole / kaʻa / hoʻokuʻu / ʻōnaehana hoʻopau, akā ʻo ia ke ʻano o ke kumu kūʻai.ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ke kumukūʻai o ka mea, akā ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana a me ka weld.Ke kānalua nei au i ka manaʻo o nā poloka ʻenekini kila a me nā poʻo.
He paʻakikī loa.Ma nā kūlana hoʻokele waiwai o kēia lā, ʻaʻohe pono o ke kila kila.He mau ʻumi makahiki e hoʻopau ai i ke kumu kūʻai kalapona o ke kaʻa i hana ʻia me ke kila kuhili ʻole no ka loaʻa hou ʻana o nā pono paʻa.
No ke aha la oukou e manao pela?Ua like ka mānoanoa o ke kila kila akā ua ʻoi aku ka ikaika.(AISI 304 – 8000 kg/m^3 a me 500 MPa, 945 – 7900-8100 kg/m^3 a me 450 MPa).Me ka mānoanoa pepa like, ua like ke kaumaha o ke kino kila me ke kino kila maʻamau.A ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e pena iā lākou, no laila ʻaʻohe primer/pena/varnish.
ʻAe, hana ʻia kekahi mau kaʻa me ka alumini a i ʻole ka titanium, no laila ua māmā lākou, akā aia ka hapa nui i ka māhele mākeke kiʻekiʻe a ʻaʻohe pilikia o nā mea kūʻai aku i ke kūʻai ʻana i nā kaʻa hou i kēlā me kēia makahiki.Eia kekahi, ʻeleʻele ka alumini, i kekahi mau mea ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki ma mua o ke kila.
ʻAʻohe ala ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ke kila kila e hoʻoheheʻe a wili.ʻO ia kekahi o nā mea maʻalahi loa e weld, a ma muli o kona ductility kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ke kila maʻamau, hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i nā ʻano paʻakikī.E nānā i nā ipu hao, nā poho, a me nā hōʻailona kila kila ʻē aʻe i loaʻa ākea.ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ke kumukūʻai nui AISI 304 a ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ke ʻano ma mua o nā pale mua i hoʻopaʻa ʻia mai kēlā pahu kila maikaʻi ʻole.Hiki iā ʻoe ke hana maʻalahi i nā ʻāpana kino me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kila kila kila kiʻekiʻe ma nā mole maʻamau a lōʻihi ka lōʻihi.I ka Soviet Union, hana kekahi poʻe e hana ana i nā hale hana kaʻa i kekahi manawa i nā ʻāpana kino kila kila ma nā mea hana hale hana e pani ai i kā lākou kaʻa.Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ka Volga kahiko (GAZ-24) me ka lalo, ka ʻōpala a i ʻole nā ​​ʻēheu i hana ʻia me ke kila kila.Akā ua lilo kēia i mea hiki ʻole ma hope o ka hāʻule ʻana o ka Soviet Union.IDK no ke aha a pehea, a i kēia manawa ʻaʻohe mea e ʻae e loaʻa kālā iā ʻoe.ʻAʻole au i lohe i ka hana ʻia ʻana o nā ʻāpana kino kila ma ke komohana a i ʻole ke kolu o ka honua.ʻO nā mea a pau i loaʻa iaʻu he jeep kila kila, akā ʻo AFAIR, ua hana hou ʻia nā panela kila ma ka lima, ʻaʻole ka hale hana.Aia kekahi moʻolelo o nā mea pā WV Golf Mk2 e hoʻāʻo nei e kauoha i kahi pūʻulu o nā mea kila kila mai nā mea hana aftermarket e like me Klokkerholm, ka mea i hana maʻamau iā lākou mai ke kila maʻamau.ʻO kēia mau mea hana a pau e hōʻoki koke i nā kamaʻilio e pili ana i kēia kumuhana, ʻaʻole hoʻi e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ke kumukūʻai.No laila ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke kauoha i kekahi mea no kekahi kālā ma kēia wahi.ʻoiai ma ka nui.
ʻAe, ʻo ia ke kumu ʻaʻole wau i haʻi i ka ʻenekini ma ka papa inoa.ʻAʻole ʻo Rust ka pilikia nui o ka ʻenekini.
ʻOi aku ke kumukūʻai o ke kila kila, ʻae, akā ʻaʻole pono e pena ʻia ka pahu kila kila.ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ke kumukūʻai o kahi ʻāpana kino i pena ʻia ma mua o ka ʻāpana ponoʻī.No laila, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kahi pahu kila kila ma mua o kahi pahu kila.a kokoke mau loa.E hoʻololi wale i nā lāʻau a me nā ami ʻeleʻele o kāu kaʻa a ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e kūʻai i kaʻa hou.Ke kūpono, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻololi i ke kaʻa me kahi mea ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi a i ʻole ka uila.ʻAʻohe ʻōpala, ʻaʻohe pilikia kaiapuni i ke kūkulu ʻana i nā kaʻa hou a i ʻole ka hana ʻana i nā kaʻa kahiko.Akā no kekahi kumu, ʻaʻole i loaʻa kēia ʻano hoʻonaninani i ka papa inoa o nā ecologists a me nā mea hana.
I ka hopena o nā makahiki 1970, ua hana lima nā mea hana lima ma Philippines i nā ʻāpana kino kila kila hou no nā Jeepneys.Ua kūkulu mua ʻia lākou mai nā jeeps i waiho ʻia mai ke Kaua Honua II a me ke Kaua Korea, akā ma kahi o 1978 ua ʻoki ʻia lākou a pau no ka mea hiki iā lākou ke kikoo i ka hope e hoʻokipa ai i nā mea holo he nui.No laila, pono lākou e hana i nā mea hou mai ka wā ʻōpala a hoʻohana i ke kila kuhiliʻole e pale ai i ke kino mai ka pala.Ma kahi mokupuni i hoʻopuni ʻia e ka wai paʻakai, maikaʻi kēia.
ʻAʻohe mea e like me ke kila HiTen.He mea koʻikoʻi kēia no ka palekana, e hoʻomanaʻo i nā hoʻokolohua mua euroNCAP ma nā kaʻa Kina i hoʻohana ʻole i kēia ʻano kila kūikawā.No nā ʻāpana paʻakikī, ʻaʻohe mea e paʻi i ka hao hao GS: kūʻai ʻole, me nā waiwai hoʻoheheʻe kiʻekiʻe a me ka pale ʻana i ka ʻōpala.ʻO ke kui hope loa i loko o ka pahu kupapaʻu ke kumu kūʻai.He pipiʻi maoli ke kila kila.Hoʻohana lākou i ka hiʻohiʻona o kahi kaʻa haʻuki no ke kumu maikaʻi ʻole ke kumu kūʻai, akā no VW ʻaʻole loa.
Ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i kā mākou pūnaewele a me nā lawelawe, ua ʻae ʻoe i ka waiho ʻana o kā mākou hana, hana a me nā kuki hoʻolaha.