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ʻO ka nānā ʻana o ka trace i nā laʻana wai he ākea o nā noi i ka ʻepekema ola a me ka nānā ʻana i ke kaiapuni.Ma kēia hana, ua hoʻomohala mākou i kahi kiʻi kiʻi paʻi a kūʻai ʻole e pili ana i nā capillaries waveguide metala (MCCs) no ka hoʻoholo ultrasensitive o ka absorption.Hiki ke hoʻonui nui ʻia ke ala optical, a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o ka lōʻihi kino o ka MWC, no ka mea, hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka mālamalama i hoʻopuehu ʻia e nā ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao metala maʻemaʻe corrugated i loko o ka capillary me ka nānā ʻole i ke kihi o ka hanana.Hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia nā manaʻo haʻahaʻa e like me 5.12 nM me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā reagents chromogenic maʻamau ma muli o ka hoʻonui optical non-linear hou a me ka hoʻololi wikiwiki ʻana a me ka ʻike glucose.
Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka Photometry no ka nānā ʻana i nā ʻano wai ma muli o ka nui o nā reagents chromogenic i loaʻa a me nā mea semiconductor optoelectronic1,2,3,4,5.Hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka cuvette-based absorbance, hoʻohālikelike nā capillaries wai (LWC) ma ka mālama ʻana i ke kukui probe i loko o ka capillary1,2,3,4,5.Eia nō naʻe, me ka ʻole o ka hoʻomaikaʻi hou ʻana, ua kokoke ke ala opua i ka lōʻihi kino o LWC3.6, a ʻo ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka lōʻihi o LWC ma mua o 1.0 m e loaʻa i ka attenuation māmā ikaika a me ka nui o nā ʻōpū, etc.3, 7. E pili ana i ka cell multi-reflection i manaʻo ʻia no ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ke ala optical, ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka palena ʻike e kahi kumu o 2.5-8.9.
Aia i kēia manawa ʻelua mau ʻano nui o LWC, ʻo ia hoʻi nā capillaries Teflon AF (loaʻa ka helu refractive o ka ~1.3 wale nō, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka wai) a me nā capillaries silica i uhi ʻia me Teflon AF a i ʻole nā ​​kiʻi metala1,3,4.No ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka TIR ma ke kikowaena ma waena o nā mea dielectric, pono nā mea me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa refractive index a me ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o nā kihi o ke kukui e koi ʻia3,6,10.E pili ana i nā capillaries Teflon AF, hanu ʻo Teflon AF ma muli o kona ʻano porous3,11 a hiki ke hoʻomoʻa i nā mea liʻiliʻi i loko o nā ʻano wai.No nā capillaries quartz i uhi ʻia ma waho me Teflon AF a i ʻole metala, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka index refractive o ka quartz (1.45) ma mua o ka hapa nui o nā laʻana wai (e laʻa me 1.33 no ka wai)3,6,12,13.No nā capillaries i uhi ʻia me kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni metala i loko, ua aʻo ʻia nā waiwai lawe 14,15,16,17,18, akā paʻakikī ke kaʻina hana, ʻo ka ʻili o ka kiʻiʻoniʻoni metala he ʻano a me ka porous structure4,19.
Eia kekahi, ʻo nā LWC pāʻoihana (AF Teflon Coated Capillaries a me AF Teflon Coated Silica Capillaries, World Precision Instruments, Inc.) he mau hemahema ʻē aʻe, e like me: no nā hewa..ʻO ka puʻupuʻu make nui o ka TIR3,10, (2) T-honohono (e hoʻohui i nā capillaries, fibers, a me nā paipu inlet/outlet) hiki ke paʻa i nā ʻōhū ea10.
I ka manawa like, he mea nui ka hoʻoholo ʻana i nā pae glucose no ka maʻi diabetes, cirrhosis o ke ake a me ka maʻi noʻonoʻo20.a me nā ʻano ʻike he nui e like me ka photometry (me ka spectrophotometry 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 a me colorimetry ma ka pepa 26, 27, 28), galvanometry 29, 30, 31, fluorometry 32, 33, 34, 35, optical polarimetry plasmon re 36.37, Fabry-Perot cavity 38, electrochemistry 39 a me capillary electrophoresis 40,41 a pēlā aku.Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka hapa nui o kēia mau ʻano hana e pono ai i nā lako makamae, a ʻo ka ʻike ʻana i ka glucose ma kekahi mau nanomolar concentrations he paʻakikī (no ka laʻana, no nā ana photometric21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka glucose).ʻO 30 nM wale nō ka palena i ka wā i hoʻohana ʻia ai nā nanoparticles polū Prussian e like me peroxidase mimics).Pono pinepine ʻia ka nānā ʻana o ka glucose nanomolar no nā haʻawina kelepona pae molecular e like me ka pale ʻana i ka ulu ʻana o ka maʻi maʻi prostate kanaka42 a me ke ʻano hoʻoponopono CO2 o Prochlorococcus i ke kai.
Ma kēia ʻatikala, ua hoʻomohala ʻia kahi kiʻi paʻi kiʻi maʻalahi e pili ana i ka capillary hawewe metala (MWC), kahi SUS316L kuhili kila capillary me kahi ʻili i loko electropolished, no ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka ultrasensitive absorption.No ka mea hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka mālamalama i loko o nā capillaries metala me ka nānā ʻole ʻana i ke kihi o ka hanana, hiki ke hoʻonui nui ʻia ke ala ʻike ma ka hoʻopuʻi ʻana o ka māmā ma luna o nā ʻili metala paheʻe, a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o ka lōʻihi kino o ka MWC.Eia kekahi, ua hoʻolālā ʻia kahi mea hoʻohui T maʻalahi no ka pili ʻana i ka optical a me ka wai inlet/outlet e hōʻemi i ka leo make a pale i ka hoʻopili ʻana.No ka 7 knm MWC photometer, ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka palena ʻike ma kahi o 3000 mau manawa i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka spectrophotometer kalepa me 1 cm cuvette ma muli o ka hoʻonui hou ʻana o ke ala optical non-linear a me ka hoʻololi wikiwiki ʻana, a hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia ka ʻike ʻike glucose.ʻO 5.12 nM wale nō me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā reagents chromogenic maʻamau.
E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ka Figure 1, ʻo ka mīkini paʻi kiʻi MWC he 7 knm lōʻihi MWC me kahi EP grade electropolished i loko o ka ʻili, he 505 nm LED me kahi lens, kahi kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia, a ʻelua no ka hoʻopili ʻana a me ka hoʻokomo wai.Puka.Hoʻohana ʻia kahi valve ʻekolu ala i hoʻopili ʻia i ka paipu inlet Pike e hoʻololi i ka laʻana e komo mai ana.Hoʻopili paʻa ka pahu Peek i ka pā quartz a me MWC, no laila mālama ʻia ka leo make i loko o ka mea hoʻohui T i ka liʻiliʻi loa, e pale pono ai i nā ʻōhū ea mai ka paʻa ʻana.Eia kekahi, hiki ke maʻalahi a hoʻokomo maikaʻi ʻia ka lāʻau collimated i loko o ka MWC ma o ka T-piece quartz plate.
Hoʻokomo ʻia ka lāʻau a me ka hāpana wai i loko o ka MCC ma o kahi ʻāpana T, a loaʻa ka lāʻau e hele ana ma ka MCC e kahi mea nānā kiʻi.Ua hoʻokomo ʻia nā mea hoʻonā e komo mai ana o nā laʻana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a i ʻole ka hakahaka i loko o ka ICC ma o ka valve ala ʻekolu.Wahi a ke kānāwai o Beer, hiki ke helu ʻia ka mānoanoa oki o kahi hāpana kala mai ka hoohalike.1.10
kahi ʻo Vcolor a me Vblank nā hōʻailona hoʻopuka o ke kiʻi kiʻi i ka wā e hoʻokomo ʻia ai nā laʻana kala a me ka hakahaka i loko o ka MCC, kēlā me kēia, a ʻo Vdark ka hōʻailona hope o ka photodetector ke pio ke LED.Hiki ke ana ʻia ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka hōʻailona puka ΔV = Vcolor–Vblank ma ke hoʻololi ʻana i nā laʻana.E like me ka hoohalike.E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke Kiʻi 1, inā ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ΔV ma mua o Vblank–Vdark, i ka wā e hoʻohana ai i kahi hoʻololi hoʻololi ʻana, hiki ke hoʻololi liʻiliʻi i ka Vblank (eg drift) i ka waiwai AMWC.
No ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka hana ʻana o ka mīkini paʻi kiʻi MWC me ka spectrophotometer kumu cuvette, ua hoʻohana ʻia kahi hopena inika ʻulaʻula e like me ka laʻana kala ma muli o kona kūpaʻa kala maikaʻi a me ka linearity noʻonoʻo-absorbance maikaʻi, DI H2O ma ke ʻano he hāpana hakahaka..E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ka Papa 1, ua hoʻomākaukau ʻia kahi pūʻulu o nā ʻīnika ʻulaʻula e ke ʻano dilution serial me ka hoʻohana ʻana iā DI H2O ma ke ʻano he solvent.Ua ho'oholo 'ia ka mana'o pili o ka la'ana 1 (S1), ka pena 'ula'ula i ho'okahe 'ole 'ia, he 1.0.Ma ka fig.Hōʻike ka Figure 2 i nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni o 11 mau ʻīnika ʻulaʻula (S4 a i S14) me nā ʻano pili (i helu ʻia ma ka Papa 1) mai ka 8.0 × 10-3 (hema) a i ka 8.2 × 10-10 (ʻākau).
Hōʻike ʻia nā hopena ana no ka hāpana 6 ma Fig.3(a).Hōʻailona ʻia nā kiko o ka hoʻololi ʻana ma waena o nā laʻana i ʻulaʻula a me ka hakahaka ma ke kiʻi e nā pua pālua "↔".Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka piʻi wikiwiki ʻana o ka puʻupuʻu puka i ka wā e hoʻololi ai mai nā laʻana kala i nā laʻana blank a me ka hope.Hiki ke loaʻa iā Vcolor, Vblank a me ka ΔV e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke kiʻi.
(a) Nā hualoaʻa ana no ka laʻana 6, (b) hāpana 9, (c) hāpana 13, a (d) hāpana 14 me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mīkini paʻi kiʻi MWC.
Hōʻike ʻia nā hopena ana no nā laʻana 9, 13, a me 14 ma Fig.3(b)-(d), kēlā me kēia.E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke Kiʻi 3(d), ʻo ka ΔV i ana ʻia he 5 nV wale nō, ʻo ia ka aneane 3 manawa o ka waiwai walaʻau (2 nV).He paʻakikī ke hoʻokaʻawale i kahi ΔV liʻiliʻi mai ka walaʻau.No laila, hiki i ka palena o ka ʻike ʻana i kahi ʻano pili o 8.2 × 10-10 (lapana 14).Me ke kōkua o nā hoohalike.1. Hiki ke helu ʻia ka hoʻomohu ʻana o AMWC mai nā helu Vcolor, Vblank a me Vdark i ana ʻia.No ka mea nānā kiʻi me ka loaʻa o 104 Vdark ʻo -0.68 μV.Ua hōʻuluʻulu ʻia nā hualoaʻa ana no nā laʻana a pau ma ka Papa 1 a hiki ke loaʻa ma ka mea hoʻohui.E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ka Papa 1, ʻaʻole hiki ke ana ʻia ka absorbance ma luna o 3.7 me nā spectrometers-based MWC.
No ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, ua ana ʻia kahi laʻana ʻīnika ʻulaʻula me kahi spectrophotometer a ua hōʻike ʻia ka absorbance Acuvette ma ke Kiʻi 4. Ua loaʻa nā waiwai Acuvette ma 505 nm (e like me ka hōʻike ʻana ma ka Papa 1) ma ke kuhikuhi ʻana i nā pihi o nā laʻana 10, 11, a i ʻole 12 (e like me ka hōʻike ʻana ma ka inset).i Fig. 4) ma ke ʻano he kumu.E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia, ua hōʻea ka palena ʻike i kahi ʻike pili o 2.56 x 10-6 (lapana 9) no ka mea ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā ʻōkuhi absorption o nā laʻana 10, 11 a me 12.No laila, i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mīkini paʻi kiʻi MWC, ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka palena ʻike e ka helu o 3125 i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka spectrophotometer kumu cuvette.
Hōʻike ʻia ka hilinaʻi absorption-concentration ma Fig.5.No nā ana cuvette, ua like ka absorbance i ka ʻīnika ma ke ala he 1 knm ka lōʻihi.ʻOiai, no nā ana ma muli o ka MWC, ua ʻike ʻia kahi piʻi ʻole o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka absorbance ma nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.Wahi a ke kānāwai o Beer, ua like ka absorbance i ka lōʻihi o ke ala opua, no laila, ʻo ka absorption loaʻa AEF (i wehewehe ʻia ʻo AEF = AMWC/Acuvette ma ka ʻīnika hoʻokahi) ʻo ia ka ratio o MWC i ka lōʻihi o ke ala optical o ka cuvette.E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ka Figure 5, ma nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, ʻo ka AEF mau ma kahi o 7.0, ʻo ia ke kūpono no ka mea ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka MWC he 7 mau manawa ka lōʻihi o kahi cuvette 1 cm. Eia nō naʻe, ma nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (pili pili <1.28 × 10-5), piʻi ka AEF me ka emi ʻana o ka noʻonoʻo a hiki i kahi waiwai o 803 ma ka ʻike pili ʻana o 8.2 × 10-10 ma o ka extrapolating i ka pihi o ke ana kumu cuvette. Eia nō naʻe, ma nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (pili pili <1.28 × 10-5), piʻi ka AEF me ka emi ʻana o ka noʻonoʻo a hiki i kahi waiwai o 803 ma ka ʻike pili ʻana o 8.2 × 10-10 ma o ka extrapolating i ka pihi o ke ana kumu cuvette. Однако при низких концентрациях (относительная концентрация <1,28 × 10–5) AEF увеличивается с уменьшением трацистем значения 803 при относительной концентрации 8,2 × 10–10 при экстраполяции кривой измерения на основе кюветы. Eia nō naʻe, ma nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (kūlike pili <1.28 × 10–5), piʻi ka AEF me ka emi ʻana o ka noʻonoʻo a hiki ke loaʻa i kahi waiwai o 803 ma kahi ʻano pili o 8.2 × 10-10 ke hoʻonui ʻia mai kahi ʻāpana ana cuvette.然而，在低浓度（相关浓度<1.28 × 10-5 ）下，AEF 随着浓度的降低而增加，并且心于行测量曲线，在相关浓度为8.2 × 10-10 时将达到803 的值。然而 ， 在 低 浓度 （相关 浓度 <1.28 × 10-5） ， ， AEF 随着 的 降低 而 ， 并且 通且 通迎测量 曲线 ， 在 浓度 为 8.2 × 10-10 时 达到 达到 达到 达到 达到803 值。 LIKE LIKE LIKE LIKE ции кривой измерения на основе кюветы она достигает значения относительной концентрации 8,2 × 10–10 803 . Eia nō naʻe, ma nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (kūpono pili <1.28 × 10-5) piʻi ka AED me ka emi ʻana o ka ʻike, a i ka wā e hoʻonui ʻia ai mai kahi ʻāpana ana cuvette-based, hiki i kahi kumu kūʻai pili o 8.2 × 10-10 803.Loaʻa kēia i kahi ala ʻike like ʻole o 803 cm (AEF × 1 cm), ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o ka lōʻihi kino o ka MWC, a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o ka LWC loaʻa loa i ke kālepa (500 cm mai World Precision Instruments, Inc.).ʻO Doko Engineering LLC ka lōʻihi o 200 cm).ʻAʻole i hōʻike mua ʻia kēia hoʻonui ʻole linear i ka absorption i ka LWC.
Ma ka fig.6(a)-(c) hōʻike i ke kiʻi ʻike maka, ke kiʻi microscope, a me ke kiʻi profiler ʻike o ka ʻili o loko o ka ʻāpana MWC.E like me ka hoike ana ma ka fig.6(a), ʻoluʻolu a ʻālohilohi ka ʻili o loko, hiki ke hōʻike i ka mālamalama ʻike ʻia, a me ka noʻonoʻo nui.E like me ka hoike ana ma ka fig.6(b), ma muli o ke ʻano deformability a me ke ʻano crystalline o ka metala, ʻike ʻia nā mesa liʻiliʻi a me nā ʻano like ʻole ma ka ʻili maʻemaʻe. I ka nānā ʻana i kahi liʻiliʻi (<5 μm × 5 μm), ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka nui o ka ʻili ma lalo o 1.2 nm (Fig. 6 (c)). I ka nānā ʻana i kahi wahi liʻiliʻi (<5 μm × 5 μm), ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka nui o ka ʻili ma lalo o 1.2 nm (Fig. 6 (c)). Ввиду малой площади (<5 мкм×5 мкм) шероховатость большей части поверхности составляет менее 1,2 нм (рис. 6(). Ma muli o ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi (<5 µm × 5 µm), ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka nui o ka ʻili ma lalo o 1.2 nm (Fig. 6(c)).考虑到小面积（<5 μm×5 μm），大多数表面的粗糙度小于1.2 nm（图6（c））。考虑到小面积（<5 μm×5 μm），大多数表面的粗糙度小于1.2 nm（图6（c））。 Учитывая небольшую площадь (<5 мкм × 5 мкм), шероховатость большинства поверхностей составляет мене (1,2 нм). Ke noʻonoʻo nei i ka ʻāpana liʻiliʻi (<5 µm × 5 µm), ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka nui o nā ʻili ma lalo o 1.2 nm (Fig. 6(c)).
(a) Kiʻi ʻike, (b) kiʻi microscope, a (c) kiʻi ʻike o ka ʻili o loko o ka ʻoki MWC.
E like me ka hoike ana ma ka fig.7(a), ua hoʻoholo ʻia ke ala opua LOP i loko o ka capillary e ka huina o ka hanana θ (LOP = LC/sinθ, kahi o LC ka lōʻihi kino o ka capillary).No nā capillaries Teflon AF i hoʻopiha ʻia me DI H2O, pono e ʻoi aku ka nui o ka huina o ka hanana ma mua o ka huina koʻikoʻi o 77.8°, no laila ʻoi aku ka LOP ma mua o 1.02 × LC me ka ʻole o ka hoʻomaikaʻi hou ʻana3.6.ʻOiai, me ka MWC, kūʻokoʻa ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o ka mālamalama i loko o ka capillary i ka helu refractive a i ʻole ke kihi o ka hanana, no laila, i ka emi ʻana o ke kihi o ka hanana, hiki ke ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ke ala māmā ma mua o ka lōʻihi o ka capillary (LOP »LC).E like me ka hoike ana ma ka fig.7 (b), hiki i ka ʻili metala corrugated ke hoʻoulu i ka lūlū māmā, hiki ke hoʻonui nui i ke ala optical.
No laila, ʻelua mau ala māmā no MWC: kukui pololei me ka noʻonoʻo ʻole (LOP = LC) a me ke kukui sawtooth me nā hiʻohiʻona lehulehu ma waena o nā paia ʻaoʻao (LOP »LC).E like me ke kānāwai o Beer, hiki ke hōʻike ʻia ka ikaika o ke kukui pololei a me ka zigzag e like me PS × exp(-α×LC) a me PZ×exp(-α×LOP) i kēlā me kēia, kahi o ka α mau ka helu absorption, e hilinaʻi nui ʻia i ka ʻīnika.
No ka inika hoʻonaʻauao kiʻekiʻe (e laʻa, pili pili> 1.28 × 10-5), ʻo ka zigzag-light ua hoʻemi nui ʻia a ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o kona ikaika ma mua o ka māmā pololei, ma muli o ka nui absorption-coefficient a me kona ala ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi. No ka inika hoʻonaʻauao kiʻekiʻe (e laʻa, pili pili> 1.28 × 10-5), ua hoʻemi nui ʻia ke kukui zigzag a ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o kona ikaika ma mua o ka māmā pololei, ma muli o ka nui absorption-coefficient a me kona ala ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi. LIKE LIKE LIKE LIKE тенсивность намного ниже, чем у прямого света, из-за большого коэффициента поглощения и гораздо болетиго длинучок. No ka inika hoʻonaʻauao kiʻekiʻe (e laʻa me ka ʻike pili> 1.28 × 10-5), ua hoʻemi nui ʻia ke kukui zigzag a ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o kona ikaika ma mua o ke kukui pololei ma muli o ka nui absorption coefficient a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana.alahele.对于高浓度墨水（例如，相关浓度>1.28×10-5），Z字形光衰减很大，其强度远与与住收系数大，光学时间更长。对于 高浓度 墨水 （例如 ， 浓度 浓度> 1.28 × 10-5） ， z 字形 衰减 很 大 ， 低度这 是 吸收 系数 大 光学 时间 更。。 长 长 长 长 长 长 长 长 长 鿕 长 长 长Для чернил с высокой концентрацией (noha'i, релевантные концентрации >1,28×10-5) интенсивность намного ниже, чем у прямого света из-за большого коэффициента поглощения и более длительпногчо. No nā inika hoʻonaʻauao kiʻekiʻe (e laʻa, nā manaʻo kūpono> 1.28 × 10-5), ua hoʻemi nui ʻia ke kukui zigzag a ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o kona ikaika ma mua o ke kukui pololei ma muli o ka coefficient absorption nui a me ka manawa optical lōʻihi.alanui liilii.No laila, ʻoi aku ka mālamalama pololei i ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka absorbance (LOP = LC) a ua mālama mau ʻia ka AEF ma ~ 7.0. I ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana, i ka wā e hoʻemi ʻia ai ka helu absorption me ka emi ʻana o ka ʻīnika (e laʻa, ka ʻike pili <1.28 × 10-5), e piʻi wikiwiki ana ka ikaika o ke kukui zigzag ma mua o ke kukui pololei a laila hoʻomaka ka zigzag-mālamalama e pāʻani i kahi kuleana nui. I ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana, i ka wā e hoʻemi ʻia ai ka helu absorption me ka emi ʻana o ka ʻīnika (e laʻa, ka ʻike pili <1.28 × 10-5), e piʻi wikiwiki ana ka ikaika o ke kukui zigzag ma mua o ke kukui pololei a laila hoʻomaka ka zigzag-mālamalama e pāʻani i kahi kuleana nui. Напротив, когда коэффициент поглощения уменьшается с уменьшением концентрации чернил (например, относитель-2 × 1 концитель-2 ), интенсивность зигзагообразного света увеличивается быстрее, чем у прямого света, и затем начинает играыть зигратза. ʻO ka mea ʻē aʻe, i ka emi ʻana o ka coefficient absorption me ka emi ʻana o ka ʻīnika (no ka laʻana, ka pilina pili <1.28 × 10-5), ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o ke kukui zigzag ma mua o ke kukui pololei, a laila hoʻomaka ke kukui zigzag e pāʻani.kuleana nui aku.相反，当吸收系数随着墨水浓度的降低而降低时（例如，相关浓度<1.28×10-5）度的是度，Z子度的物，Z子前增加得更快，然后Z字形光开始发挥作用一个更重要的角色。相反 ， 当 吸收 系数 随着 墨水 的 降低 而 降低 时 例如 例如 ， 关 浓度 ， 相关 浓度 ， 1-0 度 ， 1-0 度形光 的 强度 比 增加 得 更 ， 然后 z 字形光 发挥 作用 一 个 重要 重要 重更要 重更更 更 HI的角色。 И наоборот, когда коэфициент поглощения уменьшается с уменьшением концентрации чернил (например, соответся 1 8×10-5), интенсивность зигзагообразного роль. ʻO ka mea ʻē aʻe, i ka emi ʻana o ka coefficient absorption me ka emi ʻana o ka ʻīnika (no ka laʻana, ʻo ka ʻike kūpono <1.28 × 10-5), ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o ke kukui zigzag ma mua o ke kukui pololei, a laila hoʻomaka ke kukui zigzag e pāʻani i kahi kuleana nui.ʻano kūlana.No laila, ma muli o ke ala optical sawtooth (LOP »LC), hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia ka AEF ma mua o 7.0.Hiki ke kiʻi ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona hoʻouna māmā pololei o MWC me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke ʻano kumu alakaʻi nalu.
Ma waho aʻe o ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ke ala optical, hāʻawi pū ka hoʻololi wikiwiki ʻana i nā palena ʻike haʻahaʻa loa.Ma muli o ka liʻiliʻi o ka MCC (0.16 ml), ʻo ka manawa e pono ai e hoʻololi a hoʻololi i nā hoʻonā i MCC hiki ke emi ma mua o 20 kekona.E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke Kiʻi 5, ʻo ka helu haʻahaʻa loa o AMWC (2.5 × 10–4) he 4 mau manawa haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka Acuvette (1.0 × 10–3).ʻO ka hoʻololi wikiwiki ʻana o ka hāʻina kahe i loko o ka capillary e hōʻemi i ka hopena o ka walaʻau ʻōnaehana (eg drift) i ka pololei o ka ʻokoʻa absorbance i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka hopena paʻa i ka cuvette.No ka laʻana, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ka fig.3(b)-(d), hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka ΔV mai kahi hōʻailona drift ma muli o ka hoʻololi wikiwiki ʻana o ka laʻana i ka capillary leo liʻiliʻi.
E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ka Papa 2, ua hoʻomākaukau ʻia kahi ʻano o nā haʻina glucose ma nā ʻano ʻokoʻa me ka hoʻohana ʻana iā DI H2O ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻoheheʻe.Ua hoʻomākaukau ʻia nā laʻana stained a blank paha ma ka hui ʻana i ka solution glucose a i ʻole ka wai deionized me nā solution chromogenic o ka glucose oxidase (GOD) a me ka peroxidase (POD) 37 i loko o ka ratio paʻa o 3:1, kēlā me kēia.Ma ka fig.Hōʻike ʻo 8 i nā kiʻi optical o ʻeiwa mau laʻana stained (S2-S10) me ka nui o ka glucose mai 2.0 mM (hema) a i 5.12 nM (akau).Ke emi nei ka ʻulaʻula me ka emi ʻana o ka glucose.
Hōʻike ʻia nā hopena o nā ana o nā laʻana 4, 9, a me 10 me kahi kiʻi kiʻi MWC-based ma Fig.9(a)-(c), kēlā me kēia.E like me ka hoike ana ma ka fig.9(c), liʻiliʻi ka paʻa o ka ΔV i ana ʻia a piʻi mālie i ka wā o ke ana ʻana e like me ke kala o ka GOD-POD reagent ponoʻī (me ka ʻole o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka glucose) e loli mālie i ka mālamalama.No laila, ʻaʻole hiki ke hana hou ʻia nā ana ΔV no nā laʻana me ka manaʻo glucose ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o 5.12 nM (ka laʻana 10), no ka mea inā liʻiliʻi ka ΔV, ʻaʻole hiki ke mālama ʻia ka instability o ka GOD-POD reagent.No laila, ʻo ka palena o ka ʻike no ka hoʻonā glucose he 5.12 nM, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka nui o ka waiwai ΔV (0.52 µV) ma mua o ka waiwai walaʻau (0.03 µV), e hōʻike ana e hiki ke ʻike ʻia kahi ΔV liʻiliʻi.Hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi hou ʻia kēia palena ʻike ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā reagents chromogenic paʻa.
(a) Nā hualoaʻa ana no ka hāpana 4, (b) hāpana 9, a (c) hāpana 10 me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mīkini paʻi kiʻi MWC.
Hiki ke helu ʻia ka absorbance AMWC me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā helu Vcolor, Vblank a me Vdark.No ka mea nānā kiʻi me ka loaʻa o 105 Vdark ʻo -0.068 μV.Hiki ke hoʻonoho ʻia nā ana no nā laʻana a pau ma ka mea hoʻohui.No ka hoʻohālikelike, ua ana pū ʻia nā laʻana glucose me kahi spectrophotometer a ua hiki i ke ana ʻana o ka Acuvette i ka palena ʻike o 0.64 µM (kahi laʻana 7) e like me ka hōʻike ʻana ma ke Kiʻi 10.
Hōʻike ʻia ka pilina ma waena o ka absorbance a me ka noʻonoʻo ʻana ma ke Kiʻi 11. Me ka mīkini paʻi kiʻi MWC, ua loaʻa kahi hoʻomaikaʻi 125-fold i ka palena ʻike i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka spectrophotometer kumu cuvette.ʻOi aku ka haʻahaʻa o kēia hoʻomaikaʻi ma mua o ka hōʻike ʻīnika ʻulaʻula ma muli o ka paʻa ʻole o ka reagent GOD-POD.Ua ʻike pū ʻia kahi piʻi ʻole o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka absorbance ma nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.
Ua hoʻomohala ʻia ka mīkini paʻi kiʻi MWC no ka ʻike ultra-sensitive o nā ʻano wai.Hiki ke hoʻonui nui ʻia ke ala optical, a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o ka lōʻihi kino o ka MWC, no ka mea, hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka mālamalama i hoʻopuehu ʻia e nā ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao metala maʻemaʻe corrugated i loko o ka capillary me ka nānā ʻole i ke kihi o ka hanana.Hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia nā concentrations haʻahaʻa e like me 5.12 nM me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā reagents GOD-POD maʻamau i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka optical non-linear a me ka hoʻololi wikiwiki ʻana a me ka ʻike glucose.E hoʻohana nui ʻia kēia kiʻi kiʻi paʻi a me ka uku ʻole i ka ʻepekema ola a me ka nānā ʻana i ke kaiapuni no ka nānā ʻana.
E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ka Figure 1, ka MWC-based photometer he 7 knm ka lōʻihi MWC (loko anawaena 1.7 mm, waho anawaena 3.18 mm, EP papa electropolished ili loko, SUS316L kuhiliʻole capillary), he 505 nm wavelength LED (Thorlabs M505F1), a e pili ana i nā lenses (beam 505F1). ) a me ʻelua mau mea hoʻohui T no ke kamaʻilio optical a me ka wai i loko/waho.Hana ʻia ka mea hoʻohui T ma o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i kahi pā quartz alohilohi i kahi paipu PMMA i loko o nā pahu MWC a me Peek (0.72 mm ID, 1.6 mm OD, Vici Valco Corp.) i hoʻokomo paʻa ʻia a hoʻopili ʻia.Hoʻohana ʻia kahi valve ʻekolu ala i hoʻopili ʻia i ka paipu inlet Pike e hoʻololi i ka laʻana e komo mai ana.Hiki i ka photodetector ke hoʻololi i ka mana optical P i loaʻa i kahi hōʻailona voltage amplified N × V (kahi V/P = 1.0 V/W ma 1550 nm, loaʻa iā N hiki ke hoʻoponopono lima ʻia ma ka laulā o 103-107).No ka pōkole, hoʻohana ʻia ʻo V ma kahi o N × V ma ke ʻano he hōʻailona puka.
I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, ua hoʻohana ʻia kahi spectrophotometer pāʻoihana (Agilent Technologies Cary 300 series me R928 High Efficiency Photomultiplier) me kahi cell cuvette 1.0 knm i hoʻohana ʻia no ke ana ʻana i ka absorbance o nā mea hoʻohālike wai.
Ua nānā ʻia ka ʻili o loko o ka ʻoki MWC me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi profiler surface optical (ZYGO New View 5022) me kahi hoʻonā kū a me ka ʻaoʻao o 0.1 nm a me 0.11 µm.
Ua kūʻai ʻia nā kemika āpau (ka helu analytical, ʻaʻohe hoʻomaʻemaʻe hou) mai Sichuan Chuangke Biotechnology Co., Ltd. ʻO nā pahu hoʻāʻo glucose me ka glucose oxidase (GOD), peroxidase (POD), 4-aminoantipyrine a me ka phenol, a pēlā aku.
E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ka Papa 2, ua hoʻomākaukau ʻia kahi ʻano o nā hopena glucose ma nā ʻano ʻokoʻa me ka hoʻohana ʻana iā DI H2O ma ke ʻano he diluent me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke ʻano dilution serial (e ʻike i nā Mea Hoʻohui no nā kikoʻī).E hoʻomākaukau i nā laʻana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a i ʻole ka hakahaka ma ka hui ʻana i ka solution glucose a i ʻole ka wai deionized me ka solution chromogenic i loko o ka ratio paʻa o 3:1.Mālama ʻia nā laʻana a pau ma 37 ° C i pale ʻia mai ka mālamalama no 10 mau minuke ma mua o ke ana ʻana.Ma ke ʻano GOD-POD, ʻulaʻula nā laʻana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka nui o ka absorption ma 505 nm, a ʻaneʻane like ka absorption me ka pae glucose.
E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ka Papa 1, ua hoʻomākaukau ʻia kahi moʻo o nā ʻīnika ʻulaʻula (Ostrich Ink Co., Ltd., Tianjin, Kina) e ke ʻano dilution serial me ka hoʻohana ʻana iā DI H2O ma ke ʻano he solvent.
Pehea e helu ai i kēia ʻatikala: Bai, M. et al.ʻO ka mīkini paʻi kiʻi paʻi ma muli o nā capillaries alakaʻi nalu metala: no ka hoʻoholo ʻana i nā ʻano nanomolar o ka glucose.ka ʻepekema.5, 10476. doi: 10.1038/srep10476 (2015).
Dress, P. & Franke, H. Hoʻonui i ka pololei o ka nānā ʻana i ka wai a me ka mana pH-waiwai me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi alakaʻi nalu wai-core. Dress, P. & Franke, H. Hoʻonui i ka pololei o ka nānā ʻana i ka wai a me ka mana pH-waiwai me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi alakaʻi nalu wai-core.Dress, P. a me Franke, H. Hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pololei o ka nānā ʻana i ka wai a me ka mana pH me kahi alakaʻi nalu wai. Dress, P. & Franke, H. 使用液芯波导提高液体分析和pH 值控制的准确性。 Dress, P. & Franke, H. 使用液芯波导提高液体分析和pHʻO Dress, P. a me Franke, H. Hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pololei o ka nānā ʻana i ka wai a me ka mana pH me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā alakaʻi nalu.E hoʻololi i ka ʻepekema.mika.68, 2167–2171 (1997).
Li, QP, Zhang, J. -Z., Millero, FJ & Hansell, DA ʻO ka hoʻoholo ʻana colorimetric mau o ka ammonium trace i loko o ka wai kai me ke ala lōʻihi wai alakaʻi nalu capillary cell. Li, QP, Zhang, J.-Z., Millero, FJ & Hansell, DA ʻO ka hoʻoholo ʻana colorimetric mau o ka ammonium trace i loko o ka wai kai me ke ala lōʻihi wai alakaʻi nalu capillary cell.Lee, KP, Zhang, J.-Z., Millero, FJ a me Hansel, DA ʻO ka hoʻoholo ʻana colorimetric mau i ka nui o ka ammonium i loko o ka wai kai me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kelepona capillary me kahi alakaʻi nalu wai. Li, QP, Zhang, J. -Z., Millero, FJ & Hansell, DA 用长程液体波导毛细管连续比色测定海水中的痕量铵。 Li, QP, Zhang, J.-Z., Millero, FJ & Hansell, DA.Lee, KP, Zhang, J.-Z., Millero, FJ a me Hansel, DA ʻO ka hoʻoholo ʻana colorimetric mau i ka nui o ka ammonium i loko o ke kai me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā capillaries wai alakaʻi nalu wai lōʻihi.Kemika i Malaki.96, 73–85 (2005).
ʻO Páscoa, RNMJ, Tóth, IV & Rangel, AOSS Nānā i nā noi hou o ka wai kahe alakaʻi capillary cell i nā ʻenehana loiloi e pili ana i ke kahe e hoʻonui i ka naʻau o nā ʻano ʻike spectroscopic. ʻO Páscoa, RNMJ, Tóth, IV & Rangel, AOSS Nānā i nā noi hou o ka wai kahe alakaʻi capillary cell i nā ʻenehana loiloi e pili ana i ke kahe e hoʻonui i ka naʻau o nā ʻano ʻike spectroscopic.Pascoa, RNMJ, Toth, IV a me Rangel, AOSS He loiloi o nā noi hou o ka wai kahe wai alakaʻi capillary cell i nā ʻenehana loiloi kahe e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka naʻau o nā ʻano ʻike spectroscopic. Páscoa, RNMJ, Tóth, IV & Rangel, AOSS方法的灵敏度。 Páscoa, rnmj, tóth, IV & rangel, aoss. 。 。灵敏度 灵敏度 灵敏度 灵敏度 灵敏度 灵敏度 灵敏度 灵敏度 灵敏度 灵敏度 纵敏度 纵敏度灵敏度 灵敏度 灵敏度 灵敏度 灵敏度Pascoa, RNMJ, Toth, IV a me Rangel, AOSS He loiloi o nā noi hou o nā pūnaewele capillary waveguide wai i nā ʻano analytical e pili ana i ka kahe e hoʻonui i ka naʻau o nā ʻano ʻike spectroscopic.anus.ʻO Chim.Act 739, 1-13 (2012).
Wen, T., Gao, J., Zhang, J., Bian, B. & Shen, J. Ke noiʻi ʻana i ka mānoanoa o nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni Ag, AgI i loko o ka capillary no nā alakaʻi nalu. Wen, T., Gao, J., Zhang, J., Bian, B. & Shen, J. Ke noiʻi ʻana i ka mānoanoa o nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni Ag, AgI i loko o ka capillary no nā alakaʻi nalu.Wen T., Gao J., Zhang J., Bian B. a me Shen J. Ke noiʻi ʻana i ka mānoanoa o nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni Ag, AgI i loko o ka capillary no nā alakaʻi nalu. Wen, T., Gao, J., Zhang, J., Bian, B. & Shen, J. 中空波导毛细管中Ag、AgI 薄膜厚度的研究。 Wen, T., Gao, J., Zhang, J., Bian, B. & Shen, J. E noiʻi i ka mānoanoa o ke kiʻi lahilahi o Ag a me AgI i ka ea.Wen T., Gao J., Zhang J., Bian B. a me Shen J. Ke noiʻi ʻana i ka mānoanoa kiʻi lahilahi Ag, AgI i nā capillaries hollow waveguide.physics infrared.ʻenehana 42, 501–508 (2001).
ʻO Gimbert, LJ, Haygarth, PM & Worsfold, PJ Ka hoʻoholo ʻana i nā ʻano nanomolar o ka phosphate i loko o nā wai kūlohelohe me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kahe kahe me ke ala lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ka hawewe nalu capillary cell a me ka ʻike spectrophotometric solid-state. ʻO Gimbert, LJ, Haygarth, PM & Worsfold, PJ Ka hoʻoholo ʻana i nā ʻano nanomolar o ka phosphate i loko o nā wai kūlohelohe me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kahe kahe me ke ala lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ka hawewe nalu capillary cell a me ka ʻike spectrophotometric solid-state.ʻO Gimbert, LJ, Haygarth, PM a me Worsfold, PJ Ka hoʻoholo ʻana o ka nanomolar phosphate i loko o nā wai kūlohelohe me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kahe kahe me ka wai wai alakaʻi capillary cell a me ka solid-state spectrophotometric detection. Gimbert, LJ, Haygarth, PM & Worsfold, PJ摩尔浓度的磷酸盐。 ʻO Gimbert, LJ, Haygarth, PM & Worsfold, PJ Ka hoʻoholo ʻana o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o ka phosphate i ka wai maoli me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka syringe wai a me ka wai wai wai lōʻihi.ʻO Gimbert, LJ, Haygarth, PM a me Worsfold, PJ Ka hoʻoholo ʻana o ka nanomolar phosphate i loko o ka wai maoli me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kahe o ka injection a me ke alakaʻi nalu capillary me ke ala optical lōʻihi a me ka ʻike spectrophotometric solid-state.Taranta 71, 1624–1628 (2007).
Belz, M., Dress, P., Sukhitskiy, A. & Liu, S. Linearity a me ka lōʻihi o ka optical pathlength o nā pūnaewele capillary wai alakaʻi nalu. Belz, M., Dress, P., Sukhitskiy, A. & Liu, S. Linearity a me ka lōʻihi o ka optical pathlength o nā pūnaewele capillary wai alakaʻi nalu.ʻO Belz M., Dress P., Suhitsky A. a me Liu S. Linearity a me ka lōʻihi o ke ala optical kūpono i nā alakaʻi nalu wai i nā pūnaewele capillary. Belz, M., Lole, P., Sukhitskiy, A. & Liu, S. 液体波导毛细管细胞的线性和有效光程长度。 Belz, M., Dress, P., Sukhitskiy, A. & Liu, S. ʻO ka laina laina a me ka lōʻihi o ka wai wai.ʻO Belz M., Dress P., Suhitsky A. a me Liu S. Linear a me ka lōʻihi o ke ala optical i loko o ka nalu wai o ka capillary cell.SPIE 3856, 271–281 (1999).
Dallas, T. & Dasgupta, PK Light ma ka hope o ka tunnel: nā noi analytical hou o nā alakaʻi nalu wai-core. Dallas, T. & Dasgupta, PK Light ma ka hope o ka tunnel: nā noi analytical hou o nā alakaʻi nalu wai-core.ʻO Dallas, T. a me Dasgupta, PK Light ma ka hope o ka tunnel: nā noi analytical hou o nā alakaʻi nalu wai-core. Dallas, T. & Dasgupta, PK Māmā ma ka hope o ka tunnel：液芯波导的最新分析应用。 Dallas, T. & Dasgupta, PK Māmā ma ka hope o ka tunnel：液芯波导的最新分析应用。ʻO Dallas, T. a me Dasgupta, PK Light ma ka hope o ka tunnel: ka noi analytical hou loa o nā alakaʻi nalu wai-core.TrAC, ka nānā 'ana i ke au.Kemika.23, 385–392 (2004).
ʻO Ellis, PS, Gentle, BS, Grace, MR & McKelvie, ID He pūnaewele ʻike photometric holoʻokoʻa holoʻokoʻa no ka nānā ʻana i ke kahe. ʻO Ellis, PS, Gentle, BS, Grace, MR & McKelvie, ID He pūnaewele ʻike photometric holoʻokoʻa holoʻokoʻa no ka nānā ʻana i ke kahe.ʻO Ellis, PS, Gentle, BS, Grace, MR a me McKelvey, ID Universal photometric huina hoʻohālike i loko no ka nānā ʻana i ke kahe. Ellis, PS, Gentle, BS, Grace, MR & McKelvie, ID 用于流量分析的多功能全内反射光度检测池。 Ellis, PS, Gentle, BS, Grace, MR & McKelvie, IDʻO Ellis, PS, Gentle, BS, Grace, MR a me McKelvey, ID Universal TIR photometric cell no ka nānā ʻana i ke kahe.Taranta 79, 830–835 (2009).
ʻO Ellis, PS, Lyddy-Meaney, AJ, Worsfold, PJ & McKelvie, ID Multi-reflection photometric flow cell no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka nānā ʻana i ke kahe wai o nā wai estuarine. ʻO Ellis, PS, Lyddy-Meaney, AJ, Worsfold, PJ & McKelvie, ID Multi-reflection photometric flow cell no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka nānā ʻana i ke kahe wai o nā wai estuarine.ʻO Ellis, PS, Liddy-Minnie, AJ, Worsfold, PJ a me McKelvey, ID He pūnaewele kahe photometric multi-reflectance no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka nānā ʻana o nā wai estuarine. Ellis, PS, Lyddy-Meaney, AJ, Worsfold, PJ & McKelvie, ID 多反射光度流动池，用于河口水域的流动注入分析。 Ellis, PS, Lyddy-Meaney, AJ, Worsfold, PJ & McKelvie, ID.ʻO Ellis, PS, Liddy-Minnie, AJ, Worsfold, PJ a me McKelvey, ID He pūnaewele kahe photometric multi-reflectance no ka nānā ʻana i ka injection injection i nā wai estuarine.anus Chim.Acta 499, 81-89 (2003).
Pan, J. -Z., Yao, B. & Fang, Q. Paʻi lima paʻi kiʻi kiʻi ma muli o ka wai-core waveguide absorption detection for nanoliter-scale samples. Pan, J.-Z., Yao, B. & Fang, Q. Paʻi kiʻi paʻi lima ma muli o ka ʻike hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ke alakaʻi nalu wai-core no nā mea hoʻohālike nanoliter-scale.Pan, J.-Z., Yao, B. a me Fang, K. He kiʻi kiʻi paʻa lima ma muli o ka ʻike ʻana o ka lōʻihi hawewe wai-core no nā mea hoʻohālike nanoliter-scale. Pan, J. -Z., Yao, B. & Fang, Q. 基于液芯波导吸收检测的纳升级样品手持光度计。 Pan, J.-Z., Yao, B. & Fang, Q. Ma muli o 液芯波波水水水油法的纳法手手手持光度计。Pan, J.-Z., Yao, B. a me Fang, K. He kiʻi kiʻi paʻa lima me kahi hāpana nanoscale ma muli o ka ʻike ʻana o ka absorption i loko o kahi nalu kumu wai.anus Chemical.82, 3394–3398 (2010).
Zhang, J.-Z.E hoʻonui i ka naʻau o ka hoʻoheheʻe kahe ʻana ma o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kahe kahe capillary me kahi ala optical lōʻihi no ka ʻike spectrophotometric.anus.ka ʻepekema.22, 57–60 (2006).
D'Sa, EJ & Steward, RG Liquid capillary waveguide noi ma absorbance spectroscopy (Pane i ka olelo a Byrne a me Kaltenbacher). D'Sa, EJ & Steward, RG Liquid capillary waveguide noi ma absorbance spectroscopy (Pane i ka olelo a Byrne a me Kaltenbacher).D'Sa, EJ a me Steward, RG Nā hoʻohana ʻana i nā alakaʻi nalu capillary wai i ka spectroscopy absorption (Pane i nā ʻōlelo a Byrne a me Kaltenbacher). D'Sa, EJ & Steward, RG 液体毛细管波导在吸收光谱中的应用（回复Byrne 和Kaltenbacher 的评论）。 D'Sa, EJ & Steward, RG No ka wai 毛绿波波对在absorption spectrum（回复Byrne和Kaltenbacher的评论）.ʻO D'Sa, EJ a me Steward, RG Liquid capillary waveguides no ka absorption spectroscopy (i ka pane ʻana i nā ʻōlelo a Byrne a me Kaltenbacher).limonol.Mea kālai moana.46, 742–745 (2001).
Khijwania, SK & Gupta, BD Fiber optic evanescent field absorption sensor: Ka hopena o nā ʻāpana fiber a me ka geometry o ka ʻimi. Khijwania, SK & Gupta, BD Fiber optic evanescent field absorption sensor: Ka hopena o nā ʻāpana fiber a me ka geometry o ka ʻimi.Hijvania, SK a me Gupta, BD Fiber Optic Evanescent Field Absorption Sensor: Influence of Fiber Parameters and Probe Geometry. Khijwania, SK & Gupta, BD 光纤倏逝场吸收传感器：光纤参数和探头几何形状的影响。 Khijwania, SK & Gupta, BDʻO Hijvania, SK a me Gupta, BD Evanescent field absorption fiber optic sensors: ka hopena o nā ʻāpana fiber a me ka geometry probe.Optics a me Quantum Electronics 31, 625–636 (1999).
Biedrzycki, S., Buric, MP, Falk, J. & Woodruff, SD ʻO ka puka angular o nā ʻenekona Raman hollow, metala-laina, alakaʻi nalu. Biedrzycki, S., Buric, MP, Falk, J. & Woodruff, SD ʻO ka puka angular o nā ʻenekona Raman hollow, metala-laina, alakaʻi nalu.Bedjitsky, S., Burich, MP, Falk, J. a me Woodruff, SD ʻO ka puka ʻana o ke alakaʻi hawewe hāleʻaleʻa Raman me ka lining metala. Biedrzycki, S., Buric, MP, Falk, J. & Woodruff, SD 空心金属内衬波导拉曼传感器的角输出。 Biedrzycki, S., Buric, MP, Falk, J. & Woodruff, SD.Bedjitsky, S., Burich, MP, Falk, J. a me Woodruff, SD Angular puka o ka Raman sensor me ka hawewe metala hawewe.palapala noi e koho 51, 2023-2025 (2012).
Harrington, JA He hiʻohiʻona o nā alakaʻi nalu hollow no ka hoʻouna IR.hoʻohui fiber.e koho.19, 211–227 (2000).