Kev tswj cov plua plav zoo tuaj yeem yog qhov nyuaj rau cov khw muag khoom me me mus rau nruab nrab.Ntawm no yog cov lus teb rau cov lus nug nquag nug los ntawm cov thawj coj ntawm lub khw me me thiab nruab nrab ntawm kev tswj huab cua.Getty Images
Vuam, plasma txiav, thiab laser txiav tsim cov pa taws, feem ntau hu ua fumes, uas muaj cov plua plav hauv huab cua uas ua los ntawm cov khoom me me qhuav qhuav.Cov plua plav no tuaj yeem txo cov huab cua zoo, ua rau lub qhov muag lossis tawv nqaij, ua rau lub ntsws puas, thiab ua rau muaj kev phom sij thaum nws nyob ntawm qhov chaw.
Kev ua cov pa taws tuaj yeem muaj cov hlau lead oxide, hlau oxide, npib tsib xee, manganese, tooj liab, chromium, cadmium thiab zinc oxide.Qee cov txheej txheem vuam kuj tsim cov pa phem xws li nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide thiab ozone.
Kev tswj kom zoo ntawm cov plua plav thiab cov pa taws hauv qhov chaw ua haujlwm yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev nyab xeeb ntawm koj cov neeg ua haujlwm, cov khoom siv thiab ib puag ncig.Qhov zoo tshaj plaws los ntes cov plua plav yog siv cov khoom sib sau uas tshem tawm cov huab cua, tawm mus rau sab nraud, thiab rov qab cov huab cua huv hauv tsev.
Txawm li cas los xij, kev tswj cov plua plav kom zoo tuaj yeem yog qhov nyuaj rau cov khw muag khoom me me rau nruab nrab vim yog tus nqi thiab lwm yam tseem ceeb.Qee qhov chaw yuav sim tswj cov plua plav thiab pa taws ntawm lawv tus kheej, piv txwv tias lawv cov khw muag khoom tsis xav tau cov khoom siv plua plav.
Txawm hais tias koj nyuam qhuav pib tawm lossis tau ua lag luam ntau xyoo, koj tuaj yeem txaus siab rau cov lus teb rau cov lus nug nquag nug los ntawm cov thawj coj ntawm lub khw me me thiab nruab nrab ntawm kev tswj huab cua.
Ua ntej, ua kom muaj kev pheej hmoo rau kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev txo qis.Piv txwv li, kev ntsuam xyuas kev nyiam huv hauv kev lag luam yuav pab koj txheeb xyuas cov teeb meem hauv plua plav thiab txiav txim siab txog qib raug.Qhov kev ntsuam xyuas no yuav tsum suav nrog kev ntsuas koj lub chaw kom ntseeg tau tias koj ua tau raws li Kev Tswj Xyuas Kev Nyab Xeeb thiab Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv (OSHA) Tso Cai Tso Cai Tso Cai (PELs) los ntawm koj daim ntawv thov plua plav.
Nug koj tus neeg muab khoom siv plua plav tshem tawm yog tias lawv tuaj yeem pom zoo rau tus kws kho mob hauv tsev lossis chaw ua haujlwm ib puag ncig uas muaj kev paub txog kev txheeb xyuas cov plua plav thiab pa taws tshwj xeeb rau cov chaw ua haujlwm hlau.
Yog tias koj rov ua huab cua huv rov qab mus rau koj qhov chaw, xyuas kom nws nyob qis dua qhov kev txwv kev ua haujlwm uas tau teev tseg los ntawm OSHA PEL rau cov khoom paug.Yog tias koj tawm cua tawm sab nraum zoov, nco ntsoov tias koj yuav tsum ua raws li Lub Chaw Tiv Thaiv Ib puag ncig (EPA) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants.
Thaum kawg, thaum tsim koj cov plua plav extraction system, koj yuav tsum xyuas kom meej tias koj tsim ib qho kev nyab xeeb vuam chaw ua hauj lwm raws li peb Cs ntawm plua plav extraction thiab fume tshem tawm: capture, conveying, thiab muaj.Qhov no tsim feem ntau muaj xws li ib co hom fume capture hood los yog txoj kev, ducting mus rau lub capture point, kom zoo sizing lub ducts rov qab mus rau lub collector, thiab xaiv ib tug ntim thiab static system.
Qhov no yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm lub tshuab nqus plua plav muaj plua plav nyob sab nraum qhov chaw vuam.Image: Camfil APC
Lub tshuab nqus plua plav uas tsim los rau koj txoj haujlwm yog qhov pov thawj thiab pov thawj engineering tswj uas ntes, xa thiab muaj cov pa phem huab cua.Dry media plua plav collectors nrog cov lim dej ua haujlwm siab thiab cov lim dej thib ob yog tsim rau kev ntes cov plua plav ua pa.
Qhov chaw ntes cov tshuab yog nrov hauv cov ntawv thov uas cuam tshuam nrog cov vuam ntawm cov khoom me me thiab cov khoom siv. Feem ntau, lawv suav nrog fume extraction guns (suction tips), flexible extraction arms, thiab slotted fume hoods los yog me me fume extraction hoods with side shields.Cov no feem ntau yog kho los ua daim ntawv thov tshwj xeeb nrog kev cuam tshuam tsawg kawg rau kev ua haujlwm.
Enclosures thiab canopy npog feem ntau yog siv rau hauv cov cheeb tsam nrog hneev taw ntawm 12 ko taw los ntawm 20 ko taw los yog tsawg dua.Curtains los yog cov phab ntsa nyuaj tuaj yeem muab ntxiv rau ob sab ntawm lub hood los tsim ib lub compartment los yog enclosure.Thaum cov neeg hlau vuam hlwb, feem ntau siv tau ib lub kaw lus kom tiav thiab nyob ib ncig ntawm daim ntawv thov.Qhov no siv tau rau ib leeg-thiab ob-txoj kev robots.
Thaum koj daim ntawv thov tsis sib haum nrog cov lus pom zoo tau teev tseg ua ntej, ib puag ncig ib puag ncig tuaj yeem tsim los tshem tawm cov pa taws los ntawm feem ntau, yog tias tsis yog tag nrho cov chaw. Nco ntsoov tias thaum koj mus ntawm qhov chaw ntes, kaw thiab hood mus rau ambient collection, airflow yuav tsum tau nce ntau, raws li tus nqi tag ntawm lub system.
Ntau lub khw muag khoom me me thiab nruab nrab yuav teb tau tsuas yog tom qab sim siv nyiaj-txuag DIY txoj kev, xws li qhib qhov rooj thiab qhov rais thiab tsim lawv tus kheej lub tshuab tso pa, kom tswj tau cov pa taws.Qhov teeb meem yog cov pa taws tsis zoo yuav ua rau muaj teeb meem loj dua thiab yuav dhau los ua cov txheej txheem no thaum nce nqi hluav taws xob lossis tsim kom muaj kev kub ntxhov siab hauv qhov chaw.
Thawj qhov uas koj yuav tsum tau ua yog nrhiav seb qhov twg muaj teeb meem tshwm sim hauv koj qhov chaw.Qhov no tuaj yeem yog cov pa roj plasma fumes, freehand arc gouging, los yog vuam ntawm lub workbench.Los ntawm qhov ntawd, tackle cov txheej txheem uas ua rau cov pa luam yeeb ntau tshaj plaws ua ntej.Nyob ntawm cov pa luam yeeb uas tsim tawm, lub tshuab nqa tau tuaj yeem pab koj hla.
Txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws los txo cov neeg ua haujlwm raug cov pa phem yog ua haujlwm nrog cov chaw tsim khoom siv plua plav zoo uas tuaj yeem pab koj txheeb xyuas thiab tsim cov txheej txheem kev cai rau koj qhov chaw. Feem ntau, qhov no suav nrog kev txhim kho cov plua plav sau cov txheej txheem nrog cov lim cartridge thawj zaug thiab cov lim dej nyab xeeb thib ob.
Thawj lim xov xwm uas koj xaiv rau txhua daim ntawv thov yuav tsum yog raws li cov plua plav particle loj, cov yam ntxwv ntws, kom muaj nuj nqis thiab kev faib khoom.Secondary kev nyab xeeb xyuas cov ntxaij lim dej, xws li HEPA cov ntxaij lim dej, nce particle capture efficiency mus rau 0.3 microns los yog ntau dua (cuav feem pua ​​​​ntawm PM1) thiab tiv thaiv cov pa phem los ntawm kev tso tawm rau hauv huab cua thaum muaj kev lim dej thawj zaug.
Yog tias koj twb muaj kev tswj hwm kev haus luam yeeb, ua tib zoo saib xyuas koj lub khw rau cov xwm txheej uas qhia tias nws tsis ua haujlwm zoo.Qee qhov kev ceeb toom muaj xws li:
Saib xyuas cov huab cua ntawm cov pa luam yeeb uas tuab thiab dai saum huab cua thoob plaws hnub tom qab koj qhov kev tshwm sim vuam.Txawm li cas los xij, cov pa luam yeeb loj heev tsis tas txhais tau tias koj qhov kev rho tawm tsis ua haujlwm zoo, nws yuav txhais tau tias koj tau dhau lub peev xwm ntawm koj qhov system tam sim no.Yog tias koj tsis ntev los no tau nce ntau lawm, koj yuav tau rov ntsuam xyuas koj qhov kev teeb tsa tam sim no thiab hloov cov kev ua ub no.
Kev tswj xyuas kom zoo ntawm cov plua plav thiab cov pa taws yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev nyab xeeb ntawm koj cov neeg ua haujlwm, khoom siv thiab chaw ua haujlwm.
Thaum kawg, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau mloog, saib, thiab nug koj cov neeg ua haujlwm.Lawv tuaj yeem qhia rau koj paub yog tias koj qhov kev tswj xyuas engineering tam sim no tau zoo tswj cov plua plav hauv koj qhov chaw thiab tawm tswv yim txog kev txhim kho.
OSHA cov kev cai rau kev lag luam me tuaj yeem nyuaj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum nws los txog rau kev paub txog cov cai twg koj yuav tsum ua raws thiab qhov twg koj raug zam los ntawm. Feem ntau, cov khw muag khoom me xav tias lawv tuaj yeem ya raws li radar ntawm OSHA cov cai-txog thaum ib tus neeg ua haujlwm yws.
Raws li Tshooj 5(a)(1) ntawm OSHA Lub Luag Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ua Haujlwm, cov tswv ntiav haujlwm yuav tsum txheeb xyuas thiab txo qis kev phom sij hauv chaw ua haujlwm.Qhov no txhais tau tias cov tswv ntiav haujlwm yuav tsum khaws cov ntaub ntawv txheeb xyuas txhua qhov kev phom sij (plua plav) tsim nyob rau hauv lawv cov chaw.Yog cov plua plav yog nplaim taws thiab tawg, kev tswj cov plua plav yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov qauv kev tiv thaiv, yog tias cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj hauv tebchaws tsis xav tau.
OSHA kuj tau teeb tsa PEL qhov pib rau cov pa phem hauv huab cua los ntawm kev vuam thiab hlau ua haujlwm.Cov PELs no yog ua raws li 8-teev lub sij hawm hnyav nruab nrab ntawm ntau pua plua plav, suav nrog cov khoom muaj nyob rau hauv vuam thiab hlau ua hauj lwm fumes uas teev nyob rau hauv Annotated PEL lub rooj.Thaum thawj qhov kev soj ntsuam huab cua qhia tau hais tias muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov neeg ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov theem ntawm kev ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov kev xav tau ntawm OSHA.
Raws li tau hais, cov pa luam yeeb tuaj yeem ua rau lub qhov muag thiab tawv nqaij ua rau khaus.Txawm li cas los xij, koj yuav tsum paub txog cov tshuaj lom ntau dua.
Cov teeb meem me me (PM) nrog txoj kab uas hla ntawm 10 microns los yog tsawg dua (≤ PM10) tuaj yeem ncav cuag qhov chaw ua pa, thaum cov khoom 2.5 microns los yog tsawg dua (≤ PM2.5) tuaj yeem nkag mus tob rau hauv lub ntsws. Cov khoom ua pa nrog txoj kab uas hla ntawm 1.0 microns lossis tsawg dua (≤ PM1) ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj ntau dua vim tias lawv tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv lub ntsws thiab cov hlab ntsha.
Kev raug PM tsis tu ncua yuav ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov kab mob ua pa, suav nrog mob ntsws cancer.Ntau cov khoom siv los ntawm vuam thiab cov hlau ua haujlwm poob rau hauv qhov kev phom sij no, thiab qhov xwm txheej thiab qhov hnyav ntawm qhov kev phom sij yuav txawv nyob ntawm seb cov khoom siv tau ua li cas. Txawm hais tias koj siv cov hlau tsis muaj steel, me hlau, txhuas, galvanized, lossis lwm yam ntaub ntawv, cov ntaub ntawv muaj kev nyab xeeb zoo pib cov ntaub ntawv.
Manganese yog cov hlau tseem ceeb hauv vuam hlau thiab tuaj yeem ua rau mob taub hau, qaug zog, tsis muaj npe thiab tsis muaj zog.Ntawm ntev ntawm cov pa roj manganese tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem hauv lub paj hlwb.
Kev cuam tshuam rau hexavalent chromium (hexavalent chromium), uas yog carcinogen tsim thaum lub sij hawm vuam ntawm chromium-muaj hlau, tuaj yeem ua rau lub sijhawm luv luv ntawm kev ua pa sab sauv thiab qhov muag lossis tawv nqaij.
Zinc oxide los ntawm kev ua haujlwm kub ntawm cov hlau galvanized tuaj yeem ua rau cov hlau fume kub taub hau, ib qho mob luv luv nrog cov tsos mob xws li mob khaub thuas hnyav tom qab tau txais cov sij hawm ua haujlwm, xws li hnub so lossis tom qab hnub so.
Yog tias koj twb muaj kev tswj hwm cov pa luam yeeb, saib xyuas koj lub khw kom zoo rau cov xwm txheej uas qhia tias nws tsis ua haujlwm zoo, xws li cov huab cua ntawm cov pa luam yeeb uas tuab thoob plaws hnub.
Cov tsos mob thiab cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob beryllium tuaj yeem suav nrog ua pa luv, hnoos, qaug zog, poob phaus, ua npaws, thiab tawm hws hmo ntuj.
Hauv kev ua haujlwm vuam thiab thermal txiav, tsim kom zoo thiab khaws cov plua plav tshem tawm kom tsis txhob muaj teeb meem ua pa rau cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab ua kom cov chaw ua raws li cov cai tam sim no.
Yes.Smoke-laden cua tuaj yeem co co cua kub exchangers thiab txias coils, ua rau HVAC systems yuav tsum tau nquag tu.Welding fumes tuaj yeem nkag mus rau cov qauv HVAC lim, ua rau cua sov tshuab tsis ua hauj lwm thiab clog cua txias condensing coils.Kev pab cuam ntawm ib tug HVAC system yuav kim, tab sis ib tug ua hauj lwm tsis zoo yuav ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau cov neeg ua haujlwm.
Txoj cai yooj yim tab sis tseem ceeb ntawm kev nyab xeeb yog hloov cov plua plav lim ua ntej nws dhau los ua ntau dhau.Hloov lub lim yog tias koj pom ib qho hauv qab no:
Qee cov lim dej lim dej ntev ntev tuaj yeem khiav tau ob xyoos lossis ntau dua ntawm kev hloov pauv.Txawm li cas los xij, cov ntawv thov nrog cov plua plav hnyav feem ntau yuav tsum tau hloov lim ntau zaus.
Kev xaiv cov lim hloov txoj cai rau koj cov khoom ntim cov cartridge tuaj yeem muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau tus nqi thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev. Ceev faj thaum yuav cov lim hloov pauv rau koj lub tshuab lim dej - tsis yog txhua lub lim dej zoo ib yam.
Feem ntau, cov neeg yuav khoom tau daig nrog tus nqi zoo tshaj plaws.Txawm li cas los xij, daim ntawv teev nqi tsis yog cov lus qhia zoo tshaj plaws rau kev yuav cov lim cartridge.
Zuag qhia tag nrho, kev tiv thaiv koj thiab koj cov neeg ua haujlwm nrog kev sau cov plua plav kom zoo yuav mus ntev rau kev pab koj cov lag luam me mus rau nruab nrab kom vam meej.
WELDER, yav tas los siv vuam niaj hnub no, nthuav qhia cov neeg tiag tiag uas ua cov khoom uas peb siv thiab ua haujlwm nrog txhua hnub.Cov ntawv xov xwm no tau ua haujlwm rau cov koom haum vuam hauv North America rau ntau tshaj 20 xyoo.
Tam sim no nrog kev nkag mus rau tag nrho cov ntawv digital ntawm FABRICATOR, yooj yim nkag mus rau cov khoom lag luam muaj txiaj ntsig.
Cov ntawv digital ntawm The Tube & Pipe Journal yog tam sim no nkag mus tau yooj yim, muab kev nkag tau yooj yim rau cov khoom lag luam muaj txiaj ntsig.
Txaus siab rau kev nkag mus rau tag nrho cov ntawv luam tawm digital ntawm STAMPING Journal, uas muab cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis tshiab, kev coj ua zoo tshaj plaws thiab xov xwm kev lag luam rau kev lag luam hlau stamping.
Tam sim no nrog kev nkag mus rau tag nrho cov ntawv digital ntawm Tus Fabricator en Español, nkag tau yooj yim rau kev lag luam muaj txiaj ntsig.