Anish Kapoor lub zeem muag rau Cloud Gate sculpture hauv Chicago's Millennium Park yog tias nws zoo li cov kua mercury, smoothly reflecting lub nroog ib puag ncig.Ua kom tiav qhov kev ua tiav no yog kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev hlub.
"Qhov kuv xav ua hauv Millennium Park yog suav nrog Chicago skyline ... yog li cov neeg tuaj yeem pom cov huab ntab hauv nws thiab cov tsev siab siab no tau xav txog hauv kev ua haujlwm.Thiab tom qab ntawd, txij li nws yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub qhov rooj, cov neeg koom nrog, cov neeg saib, yuav tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv chav sib sib zog nqus no, uas nyob rau hauv ib qho kev nkag siab ua tib yam nrog kev xav ntawm ib tug neeg, raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ua haujlwm nrog kev xav ntawm lub nroog ib puag ncig.- Ntiaj teb nto moo British artist.Anish Kapoor, Huab Gate sculptor
Saib ntawm qhov chaw ntsiag to ntawm no monumental stainless hlau duab puab, nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau twv seb ntau npaum li cas hlau thiab siab tawv hides nyob rau hauv nws nto.Huab Gate zais cov dab neeg ntawm ntau tshaj 100 hlau fabricators, cutters, welders, trimmers, engineers, technicians, metalworkers, installers thiab managers - tag nrho tsib xyoos.
Ntau lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntev, ua haujlwm hauv kev cob qhia thaum nruab nrab hmo ntuj, mus pw hav zoov ntawm qhov chaw tsim kho thiab ua haujlwm hauv 110-degree kub hauv Tyvek® suits thiab ib nrab-qhov ncauj qhov ntswg.Qee qhov ua haujlwm tiv thaiv lub ntiajteb txawj nqus, dai los ntawm cov hlua khi, tuav cov cuab yeej, thiab ua haujlwm ntawm cov slopes.Txhua yam mus me ntsis (thiab deb dhau) kom ua rau qhov ua tsis tau.
Txhim kho sculptor Anish Kapoor lub tswv yim ntawm ethereal ntab huab rau hauv 110-tuj, 66-foot-ntev, 33-foot-siab stainless hlau duab puab yog txoj haujlwm ntawm Performance Structures Inc. (PSI), Oakland, California, thiab MTH.Villa Park, Illinois AsmeskasNtawm nws lub 120th hnub tseem ceeb, MTH yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom qub tshaj plaws thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm iav hauv Chicago cheeb tsam.
Cov kev xav tau rau kev ua tiav ntawm qhov project yuav nyob ntawm qhov kev ua yeeb yam zoo nkauj, kev txawj ntse, kev txawj ntse thiab kev tsim kev paub ntawm ob lub tuam txhab.Lawv yog cov kev cai tsim thiab txawm tsim cov khoom siv rau qhov project.
Qee qhov teeb meem ntawm qhov project stems los ntawm nws qhov txawv nkhaus zoo li - ib qho chaw los yog upside-down navel - thiab qee qhov ntawm nws qhov loj me.Cov duab puab tau tsim los ntawm ob lub tuam txhab sib txawv hauv qhov chaw sib txawv ntau txhiab mais sib nrug, tsim teeb meem nrog kev thauj mus los thiab kev ua haujlwm.Ntau cov txheej txheem uas yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv lub tshav pob yog ib qho nyuaj rau ua nyob rau hauv lub khw hauv pem teb, cia nyob ib leeg nyob rau hauv lub tshav pob.Qhov teeb meem loj tshwm sim tsuas yog vim tias cov qauv zoo li no tsis tau tsim ua ntej.Yog li, tsis muaj kev sib txuas, tsis muaj phiaj xwm, tsis muaj txoj hauv kev.
Ethan Silva ntawm PSI muaj kev paub dhau los hauv lub tsev hull, ua ntej ntawm nkoj thiab tom qab ntawd hauv lwm cov haujlwm kos duab, thiab tsim nyog los ua cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb hauv lub tsev hull.Anish Kapoor nug tus kawm tiav Physics thiab Art los muab tus qauv me me.
"Yog li kuv ua tus qauv 2m x 3m, ib qho zoo nkauj nkhaus polished, thiab nws hais tias 'Auj koj ua nws, koj tsuas yog tus ua nws' vim nws tau nrhiav ob xyoos los nrhiav ib tus neeg ua nws."Silva hais.
Thawj txoj kev npaj yog rau PSI los tsim thiab tsim cov duab puab nyob rau hauv tag nrho thiab tom qab ntawd xa mus rau tag nrho cov khoom sab qab teb ntawm Pacific, hla Panama Canal, sab qaum teb raws ntug dej hiav txwv Atlantic thiab raws St. Lawrence Seaway mus rau qhov chaw nres nkoj ntawm Lake Michigan., raws li Edward Ulir, tus thawj coj ntawm Millennium Park Inc. Raws li cov lus tshaj tawm, ib qho kev tsim tshwj xeeb ntawm cov tshuab conveyor yuav thauj mus rau Millennium Park.Lub sijhawm txwv thiab kev ua tau zoo tau yuam cov phiaj xwm no hloov pauv.Yog li ntawd, cov vaj huam sib luag nkhaus yuav tsum tau ruaj ntseg rau kev thauj mus los thiab thauj mus rau Chicago, qhov chaw uas MTH tau sib sau ua ke cov txheej txheem thiab cov txheej txheem superstructure, thiab txuas cov panels rau lub superstructure.
Kev ua tiav thiab polishing Cloud Gate welds los muab lawv cov seamless saib yog ib qho nyuaj tshaj plaws ntawm kev teeb tsa thiab kev sib dhos ntawm qhov chaw.Cov txheej txheem 12-kauj ruam yog ua tiav los ntawm daim ntawv thov ntawm lub ntsej muag ci ntsa iab, zoo ib yam li cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub polish.
Silva tau hais tias "Qhov tseeb, peb tau ua haujlwm ntawm qhov project no txog peb xyoos ua cov khoom no," Silva hais.“Qhov no yog kev ua haujlwm nyuaj.Nws yuav siv sij hawm ntau heev los xyuas seb yuav ua li cas thiab ua kom tiav cov ntsiab lus;koj paub, tsuas yog coj mus rau perfection.Txoj kev uas peb siv computer technology thiab zoo qub hlau ua hauj lwm yog ib tug ua ke ntawm forging thiab aerospace technology.”
Raws li nws, nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau ua ib yam dab tsi loj thiab hnyav nrog high precision.Qhov loj tshaj plaws slabs nruab nrab 7 ko taw dav thiab 11 ko taw ntev thiab hnyav 1,500 phaus.
Silva hais tias "Ua txhua yam haujlwm CAD thiab tsim cov duab kos rau lub khw tiag tiag rau txoj haujlwm yog qhov haujlwm loj hauv nws tus kheej," Silva hais."Peb siv tshuab computer los ntsuas cov phiaj thiab ntsuas lawv cov duab thiab qhov nkhaus kom lawv haum ua ke kom raug.
Silva tau hais tias "Peb tau ua lub khoos phis tawj simulation thiab tom qab ntawd faib nws," Silva hais."Kuv tau siv kuv qhov kev paub dhau los hauv lub plhaub tsev thiab kuv muaj qee lub tswv yim yuav ua li cas cais cov duab kom cov kab seam yuav ua haujlwm kom peb thiaj li tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws."
Qee daim hlau yog square, qee qhov yog lub ncuav qab zib.Qhov ze lawv mus rau qhov kev hloov pauv ntse, qhov ntau lawv yog lub ncuav qab zib thiab qhov loj ntawm lub vojvoog ntawm kev hloov pauv radial.Nyob rau hauv lub Upper ib feem lawv yog flatter thiab loj.
Cov ntshav txiav 1/4 txog 3/8-nti tuab 316L stainless hlau, Silva hais tias, uas muaj zog txaus ntawm nws tus kheej."Qhov kev sib tw tiag tiag yog muab cov slabs loj rau qhov curvature ncaj ncees.Qhov no yog ua los ntawm qhov tseeb heev shaping thiab fabrication ntawm tus ncej ntawm lub tav system rau txhua slab.Ua li no, peb tuaj yeem txiav txim siab qhov zoo ntawm txhua qhov slab. "
Cov laug cam yog dov rau ntawm 3D rollers uas PSI tau tsim thiab tsim tshwj xeeb rau dov cov laug cam (saib daim duab 1)."Nws zoo li ib tug kwv tij ntawm British rollers.Peb yob lawv siv tib lub thev naus laus zis zoo li cov tis, "Silva hais.Khoov txhua lub vaj huam sib luag los ntawm kev txav nws rov qab mus rau ntawm cov chais, kho lub siab ntawm cov chais kom txog thaum cov vaj huam sib luag nyob hauv 0.01 "ntawm qhov xav tau.Raws li nws, qhov yuav tsum tau muaj siab precision ua rau nws nyuaj rau daim ntawv smoothly.
Lub welder ces welds lub flux-cored hlau rau cov qauv ntawm lub internal ribbed system."Nyob rau hauv kuv lub tswv yim, flux-cored hlau yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo heev los tsim cov qauv hlau stainless," Silva piav qhia."Qhov no muab rau koj zoo welds nrog lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tsim khoom thiab zoo saib."
Tag nrho cov saum npoo yog xuas tes xuab zeb thiab milled rau ntawm lub tshuab txiav lawv mus rau ib txhiab ntawm ib nti kom haum ua ke (saib daim duab 2).Txheeb xyuas qhov ntev nrog qhov ntsuas qhov tseeb thiab cov khoom siv laser scanning.Thaum kawg, lub phaj yog polished rau daim iav tiav thiab npog nrog ib zaj duab xis tiv thaiv.
Kwv yees li ib feem peb ntawm cov vaj huam sib luag, ua ke nrog lub hauv paus thiab cov qauv sab hauv, tau sib sau ua ke hauv kev sim ua ntej cov panels raug xa los ntawm Auckland (saib cov duab 3 thiab 4).Npaj cov txheej txheem planking thiab seam welded ob peb lub rooj me me los koom ua ke."Yog li thaum peb muab tso ua ke hauv Chicago, peb paub tias nws yuav haum," Silva hais.
Qhov kub thiab txias, lub sijhawm thiab kev co ntawm lub trolley tuaj yeem ua rau cov ntawv dov kom loosen.Lub ribbed grating yog tsim los tsis tsuas yog ua kom lub rigidity ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm, tab sis kuj los tswj cov duab ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm thaum lub sij hawm kev thauj mus los.
Yog li ntawd, thaum lub reinforcing mesh nyob rau hauv, lub phaj yog tshav kub-kho thiab txias kom txo tau cov khoom kev nyuaj siab.Txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj ntxiv hauv kev thauj mus los, cov menyuam txaj yog tsim rau txhua lub tais thiab tom qab ntawd thauj mus rau hauv ntim, kwv yees li plaub zaug ib zaug.
Tom qab ntawd cov thawv ntim tau ntim nrog cov khoom tiav ib nrab, kwv yees li plaub ntawm ib zaug, thiab xa mus rau Chicago nrog PSI cov neeg ua haujlwm rau kev teeb tsa nrog MTH cov neeg ua haujlwm.Ib tug ntawm lawv yog ib tug logistician uas tswj kev thauj mus los, thiab lwm tus yog tus saib xyuas hauv cheeb tsam technical.Nws ua haujlwm txhua hnub nrog MTH cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab pab tsim cov thev naus laus zis tshiab raws li xav tau."Tau kawg, nws yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev," Silva hais.
Raws li MTH Thawj Tswj Hwm Lyle Hill, MTH Industries yog thawj zaug ua haujlwm nrog rau cov duab puab ethereal rau hauv av thiab txhim kho lub superstructure, tom qab ntawd vuam cov ntawv rau nws nrog zaum kawg sanding thiab polishing.sib npaug ntawm kev kos duab thiab kev ua tau zoo, kev xav thiab kev muaj tiag, xav tau sijhawm thiab sijhawm teem sijhawm.
Lou Czerny, MTH tus lwm thawj ntawm engineering thiab tus thawj tswj xyuas qhov project, hais tias nws txaus siab rau qhov project qhov tshwj xeeb."Rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm peb txoj kev paub, tej yam tshwm sim ntawm qhov project tshwj xeeb uas tsis tau ua dhau los lossis tsis tau xav txog ua ntej," Cerny tau hais.
Tab sis ua hauj lwm rau ib tug thawj-ntawm-nws-zoo ua hauj lwm yuav tsum tau hloov tau nyob rau hauv-site ingenuity los daws cov teeb meem tsis tau pom dua thiab teb cov lus nug uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv txoj kev:
Yuav ua li cas koj txuas 128 lub tsheb loj stainless hlau vaj huam sib luag rau ib qho chaw ruaj khov thaum hnav hnab looj tes menyuam yaus?Yuav ua li cas welding ib tug loj hneev-zoo li tus taum yam tsis vam nws?Yuav ua li cas kuv nkag mus rau ib tug weld yam tsis tau weld los ntawm sab hauv?Yuav ua li cas ua kom tiav daim iav zoo meej tiav ntawm stainless hlau welds nyob rau hauv lub tshav pob?Yuav ua li cas yog xob laim ntaus nws?
Czerny tau hais tias thawj qhov qhia tau tias qhov no yuav yog ib txoj haujlwm tshwj xeeb yog thaum kev tsim kho thiab kev teeb tsa ntawm 30,000-phaus cov khoom pib.Steel qauv txhawb cov duab puab.
Txawm hais tias lub high-zinc structural steel muab los ntawm PSI los sib sau ua ke lub hauv paus ntawm lub substructure yog kuj yooj yim rau fabricate, lub platform rau lub substructure yog ib nrab ntawm lub tsev noj mov thiab ib nrab saum lub tsheb nres, txhua qhov ntawm qhov siab sib txawv.
"Yog li lub hauv paus yog hom cantilevered thiab wobbly," Czerny hais."Qhov twg peb muab ntau cov hlau no, suav nrog thaum pib ntawm lub slab nws tus kheej, peb yuav tsum tau yuam lub crane mus rau hauv lub qhov 5-ko taw."
Czerny tau hais tias lawv tau siv cov txheej txheem anchors uas zoo heev, suav nrog cov txheej txheem ua ntej tensioning zoo ib yam li siv hauv cov thee mining thiab qee cov tshuaj anchors.Thaum lub hauv paus ntawm cov qauv steel yog anched nyob rau hauv qhob, ib tug superstructure yuav tsum tau ua kom lub plhaub yuav txuas.
"Peb tau pib txhim kho lub kaw lus siv ob lub loj fabricated 304 stainless hlau O-rings - ib qho nyob rau sab qaum teb kawg ntawm cov qauv thiab ib qho nyob rau sab qab teb kawg," Czerny hais tias (saib daim duab 3).Cov rings yog fastened nrog intersecting tubular trusses.Lub nplhaib core subframe yog sectioned thiab bolted nyob rau hauv qhov chaw siv GMAW, bar vuam thiab welded stiffeners.
“Yog li ntawd muaj ib lub tsev loj loj uas tsis muaj leej twg tau pom;nws tsuas yog rau cov txheej txheem tsim qauv, "Czerny hais.
Txawm hais tias muaj kev siv zog zoo tshaj plaws hauv kev tsim, engineering, fabricating thiab txhim kho tag nrho cov khoom tsim nyog rau qhov project Auckland, cov duab puab no tsis tau pom dua thiab cov kev tshiab yeej ib txwm nrog burrs thiab khawb.Ib yam li ntawd, sib piv ib lub tuam txhab tsim lub tswv yim rau lwm qhov tsis yooj yim li hla lub baton.Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lub cev ntawm qhov chaw ua rau muaj kev xa khoom qeeb, uas ua rau nws tsim nyog los tsim qee cov khoom hauv zos.
"Thaum cov txheej txheem sib dhos thiab vuam tau npaj hauv Auckland ua ntej, cov xwm txheej ntawm qhov chaw xav kom txhua tus muaj tswv yim," Silva hais."Thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm koom siab zoo heev."
Thawj ob peb lub hlis, MTH txoj haujlwm niaj hnub yog los txiav txim siab seb hnub ua haujlwm tau ua dab tsi thiab yuav ua li cas zoo tshaj plaws los tsim qee yam ntawm cov subframe los ua ke, nrog rau qee qhov struts, "shocks", caj npab, pins, thiab pins.Er hais tias pogo sticks yuav tsum tau tsim kom muaj ib qho chaw nyob ib ntus.
"Nws yog ib qho txuas ntxiv ntawm kev tsim thiab tsim cov txheej txheem ua kom cov khoom txav mus thiab tau mus rau qhov chaw sai.Peb siv sijhawm ntau los txheeb xyuas qhov peb muaj, qee qhov kev kho dua tshiab thiab rov tsim dua tshiab, thiab tom qab ntawd peb ua qhov peb xav tau.
Hill tau hais tias "Qhov tseeb rau hnub Tuesday peb yuav muaj 10 yam uas peb yuav tsum xa mus rau qhov chaw hnub Wednesday," Hill hais."Peb muaj ntau yam haujlwm ua haujlwm dhau sijhawm thiab ntau yam haujlwm hauv khw tau ua thaum nruab nrab hmo ntuj."
Czerny tau hais tias "Txog 75 feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov khoom siv ncua kev kawm sab nraud yog tsim lossis hloov kho hauv thaj chaw," Czerny tau hais."Ob peb zaug peb tau sau ua lus rau 24-teev hnub.Kuv nyob ntawm lub khw mus txog 2, 3 teev sawv ntxov, thiab thaum 5:30 Kuv rov qab los tsev los da dej thiab mus rau cov khoom xyaw, tseem ntub.”
MTN kev ncua kev ncua ib ntus rau kev sib sau ua ke ntawm lub cev muaj xws li cov springs, struts thiab cables.Tag nrho cov pob qij txha ntawm cov phiaj yog txuas ib ntus nrog bolts.Czerny tau hais tias "Yog li tag nrho cov qauv txuas nrog kev sib txuas, raug tshem tawm ntawm sab hauv ntawm 304 trusses," Czerny hais.
Lawv pib los ntawm lub dome ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm omgala sculpture - "pob txha caj dab".Lub dome tau raug tshem tawm los ntawm cov trusses siv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav plaub lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, uas muaj cov hangers, cables thiab springs.Czerny tau hais tias lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav muab "thaws" raws li cov laug cam ntxiv.Cov springs raug kho raws li qhov hnyav ntxiv los ntawm txhua lub phaj kom sib npaug rau tag nrho cov duab puab.
Txhua ntawm 168 boards muaj nws tus kheej plaub-point lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav ncua kev kawm ntawv yog li nws yog ib tug neeg txhawb nyob rau hauv qhov chaw.Cerny tau hais tias "Lub tswv yim tsis yog txhawm rau txheeb xyuas cov pob qij txha vim tias cov pob qij txha tau muab tso ua ke kom ua tiav 0/0 so," Cerny tau hais."Yog tias lub rooj tsavxwm tsoo lub rooj tsavxwm hauv qab nws tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev sib tsoo thiab lwm yam teeb meem."
Raws li kev ua pov thawj rau PSI qhov raug, qhov tsim tau zoo heev nrog kev ua si me me.Czerny hais tias "PSI tau ua haujlwm zoo heev nrog cov vaj huam sib luag," Czerny hais."Kuv muab credit rau lawv vim hais tias, thaum kawg, nws yeej haum.Qhov haum yog tiag tiag thiab nws zoo heev rau kuv.Peb tab tom hais lus txog txhiab ntawm ib nti.”
Silva hais tias, "Thaum lawv ua tiav, ntau tus neeg xav tias lawv ua tiav," Silva hais tias, tsis yog vim tias cov seams nruj, tab sis vim tias tag nrho cov khoom sib dhos, nrog lawv cov iav polished zoo heev, tau los ua si, xav txog nws ib puag ncig..Tab sis pob tw seams pom, kua mercury tsis muaj seams.Tsis tas li ntawd, cov duab puab yuav tsum tau welded tag nrho los khaws nws cov qauv kev ncaj ncees rau cov tiam tom ntej, Silva hais.
Kev ua tiav ntawm Cloud Gate yuav tsum tau ncua thaum lub tiaj ua si loj qhib thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg xyoo 2004, yog li omhalus tau dhau los ua GTAW nyob, thiab qhov no mus rau ob peb lub hlis.
"Koj tuaj yeem pom me ntsis xim av ib ncig ntawm cov qauv, uas yog TIG solder pob qij txha," Czerny hais."Peb tau pib kho cov tsev pheeb suab hauv lub Ib Hlis."
Silva hais tias "Qhov kev sib tw tseem ceeb tom ntej rau txoj haujlwm no yog txhawm rau txuas lub seam yam tsis tau poob qhov tseeb vim qhov vuam shrinkage," Silva hais.
Raws li Czerny, plasma welding muab qhov tsim nyog lub zog thiab rigidity nrog tsawg txaus ntshai rau daim ntawv.Kev sib xyaw ntawm 98% argon thiab 2% helium yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev txo cov pa phem thiab txhim kho fusion.
Welders siv keyhole plasma welding cov tswv yim siv Thermal Arc® fais fab chaw thiab tshwj xeeb tsheb laij teb thiab teeb sib dhos tsim thiab siv los ntawm PSI.