Anish Kapoor lub zeem muag rau Cloud Gate sculpture hauv Chicago's Millennium Park yog tias nws zoo li cov kua mercury, seamlessly xav txog lub nroog ib puag ncig.Kev ua tiav qhov seamlessness yog kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev hlub.
"Dab tsi kuv xav ua hauv Millennium Park yog ua ib yam dab tsi uas yuav haum rau hauv Chicago skyline ... yog li cov neeg yuav pom cov huab ntab hauv nws thiab cov tsev siab siab tau xav txog hauv kev ua haujlwm.Tom qab ntawd, Vim tias nws daim ntawv nyob rau hauv lub qhov rooj, cov neeg koom nrog, cov neeg tuaj saib, yuav nkag mus rau hauv chav sib sib zog nqus no, nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev uas nws ua tib yam rau kev xav ntawm ib tug neeg raws li sab nrauv ntawm kev ua hauj lwm ua rau kev xav ntawm lub nroog ib puag ncig. "- Ntiaj teb nto moo British artist Anish Kapoor, Cloud Gate sculptor
Saib ntawm qhov chaw nyob ntsiag to ntawm no monumental stainless hlau sculpture, nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau kwv yees ntau npaum li cas hlau thiab siab tawv nyob rau hauv qab nws nto.Cloud Gate hides cov dab neeg ntawm ntau tshaj 100 hlau fabricators, cutters, welders, trimmers, engineers, technicians, ironworkers, installers, thiab managers - tag nrho tshaj tsib xyoos.
Ntau tus tau ua haujlwm tshaj sijhawm, ua haujlwm hauv kev cob qhia thaum nruab nrab ntawm hmo ntuj, mus pw hav zoov ntawm qhov chaw, thiab ua haujlwm hauv 110-degree qhov kub thiab txias hauv Tyvek® suits thiab ib nrab lub ntsej muag lub ntsej muag. Qee qhov ua haujlwm tiv thaiv lub ntiajteb txawj nqus, dangling los ntawm txoj siv sia thaum tuav cov cuab yeej thiab ua haujlwm ntawm txoj kab nqes.Txhua yam mus tsis tau ntau dua (thiab ua kom deb li deb tau).
Kev txhawb nqa sculptor Anish Kapoor lub tswv yim ntawm ethereal ntab huab rau hauv 110-tuj, 66-foot-ntev, 33-foot-siab stainless hlau duab puab yog lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov tuam txhab tsim khoom Performance Structures Inc. (PSI), Oakland, CA, thiab MTH, Villa Park, IL 10th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm nws cov iav Cov neeg ua haujlwm tsim qauv tsim qauv hauv cheeb tsam Chicago.
Cov kev xav tau rau kev paub txog qhov project yuav coj mus rau hauv kev ua yeeb yam, kev txawj ntse, kev txawj ntse thiab kev tsim khoom ntawm ob lub tuam txhab.Lawv kev cai thiab txawm tias tsim cov khoom siv rau qhov project.
Qee qhov kev sib tw yog los ntawm nws cov duab nkhaus txawv txawv - ib qho chaw lossis lub plab khawm - thiab qee qhov los ntawm nws qhov loj me.Cov duab puab tau tsim los ntawm ob lub tuam txhab sib txawv ntawm qhov chaw sib txawv ntau txhiab mais sib nrug, tsim teeb meem nrog kev thauj mus los thiab kev ua haujlwm.Muaj ntau cov txheej txheem uas yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv lub teb yog nyuaj rau ua nyob rau hauv ib lub khw ib puag ncig, cia ib leeg nyob rau hauv ib tug txawv cov qauv, li ntawd, tsis muaj ib qho nyuaj rau luam tawm. , tsis muaj roadmap.
Ethan Silva ntawm PSI muaj kev paub dhau los hauv kev tsim vaj tsev plhaub, pib ntawm cov nkoj thiab tom qab ntawd hauv lwm cov haujlwm kos duab, tsim nyog rau cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb ntawm lub plhaub tsim.Anish Kapoor nug physics thiab kos duab kawm tiav los muab cov qauv me me.
"Yog li kuv ua tus qauv 2 x 3 'meter', ib qho zoo nkauj nkhaus polished, thiab nws hais tias, 'Auj, koj tau ua nws, koj tsuas yog tus ua nws,' vim nws tau nrhiav ob xyoos rau Nrhiav ib tus neeg ua nws," Silva hais.
Thawj txoj kev npaj yog rau PSI kom ua tiav thiab tsim cov duab puab, thiab tom qab ntawd xa tag nrho cov khoom sab qab teb ntawm Dej Hiav Txwv Pacific, dhau ntawm Panama Canal, sab qaum teb raws ntug dej hiav txwv Atlantic, thiab raws St. Lawrence Seaway mus rau qhov chaw nres nkoj ntawm Lake Michigan, raws li Edward Uhlir, tus thawj coj ntawm Millennium Park Inc. hloov.Yog li ntawd, cov nkhaus panels yuav tsum tau braced rau thauj thiab thauj mus rau Chicago, qhov twg MTH yuav sib sau ua ke lub substructure thiab superstructure, thiab txuas cov panels rau lub superstructure.
Kev ua tiav thiab polishing Cloud Gate's welds rau qhov zoo sib xws yog ib qho nyuaj tshaj plaws ntawm kev teeb tsa thiab kev sib dhos ua haujlwm.The 12-kauj ruam txheej txheem xaus nrog lub ci ci zoo li jeweler's polish.
Silva tau hais tias "Yog li peb pib ua haujlwm ntawm qhov project li peb xyoos, ua cov khoom no," Silva hais. "Nws yog txoj haujlwm nyuaj.Ntau lub sijhawm yog siv los txheeb xyuas seb yuav ua li cas thiab ua haujlwm tawm cov ntsiab lus;koj paub, tsuas yog perfecting nws.Txoj kev uas peb siv computer technology thiab zoo qub-fashioned hlau ua hauj lwm yog forging thiab aerospace technology ua ke. "
Nws hais tias nws yog ib qho nyuaj ua ib yam dab tsi loj thiab hnyav nrog precision, nws hais tias.Qhov loj tshaj plaws daim hlau nruab nrab 7 ko taw dav 11 ko taw ntev thiab hnyav 1,500 phaus.
Silva hais tias "Ua tag nrho cov haujlwm CAD thiab tsim cov duab kos rau lub khw tiag tiag yog qhov project loj hauv nws tus kheej," Silva hais.
"Peb tau ua qauv hauv computer thiab tom qab ntawd faib nws," Silva hais tias.
Qee daim hlau yog square, qee qhov zoo li lub ncuav qab zib.Qhov ze lawv mus rau qhov kev hloov pauv siab, qhov ntau lub ncuav qab zib zoo li, thiab qhov loj dua qhov kev hloov pauv radial.Nyob rau saum, lawv yog flatter thiab loj dua.
Plasma txiav 1/4- rau 3/8-nti-tuab 316L stainless hlau, uas muaj zog txaus ntawm nws tus kheej, Silva hais tias.Qhov no yog ua los ntawm kev sib sau thiab fabricating lub rib system ncej rau txhua slab heev precisely.Txoj kev no peb tuaj yeem txhais cov duab ntawm txhua qhov slab. "
Cov laug cam yog dov rau ntawm 3D rollers uas PSI tau tsim thiab tsim tshwj xeeb rau dov cov laug cam (saib daim duab 1).Peb yob lawv siv cov txheej txheem zoo ib yam li yuav ua li cas fenders tau ua, "Silva hais. Khoov txhua lub vaj huam sib luag los ntawm kev txav nws rov qab los ntawm cov yob, kho lub siab ntawm cov chais kom txog thaum cov panels nyob hauv 0.01 ntiv tes ntawm qhov xav tau loj.
Tus welder ces seams cov flux cored mus rau lub puab rib system qauv. "Nyob rau hauv kuv lub tswv yim, flux cored yog tiag tiag ib tug zoo txoj kev los tsim structural welds nyob rau hauv stainless hlau," piav qhia Silva.
Tag nrho cov saum npoo ntawm cov laug cam yog tes-hauv av thiab tshuab-milled los txiav lawv mus rau qhov xav tau ntau txhiab ntawm ib nti qhov tseeb kom lawv txhua tus haum ua ke (saib daim duab 2).Kuaj qhov ntev nrog precision ntsuas thiab cov khoom siv laser scanning. Thaum kawg, lub phaj yog polished rau daim iav tiav thiab npog nrog zaj duab xis tiv thaiv.
Kwv yees li ib feem peb ntawm cov vaj huam sib luag, nrog rau lub hauv paus thiab cov qauv sab hauv, tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub rooj sib tham ua ntej cov panels raug xa los ntawm Auckland (saib daim duab 3 thiab 4). Npaj cov txheej txheem sab hauv thiab ua qee qhov kev sib txuas ntawm qee qhov me me los koom ua ke. "Yog li thaum peb muab tso ua ke hauv Chicago, peb paub tias nws yuav haum, "Silva hais.
Qhov kub thiab txias, lub sijhawm thiab lub tsheb thauj khoom vibration tuaj yeem ua rau cov ntawv dov kom loosen.Lub ribbed grating tsis tsuas yog tsim los ua kom cov tawv tawv ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm, tab sis kuj tseem tswj cov duab ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm thaum thauj.
Yog li ntawd, nrog lub zog mesh ntawm sab hauv, lub phaj yog kho kom sov thiab txias kom txo tau cov khoom siv kev ntxhov siab.Txhawm rau kev tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj hauv kev thauj mus los, cov menyuam txaj yog tsim rau txhua lub phaj, uas tom qab ntawd muab tso rau hauv ntim, txog plaub zaug ib zaug.
Tom qab ntawd cov thawv ntim tau ntim rau hauv cov khoom tiav, txog plaub zaug ib zaug, thiab xa mus rau Chicago nrog PSI cov neeg ua haujlwm rau kev teeb tsa nrog MTH cov neeg ua haujlwm.Ib tug yog tus neeg nqa khoom uas tswj xyuas kev thauj mus los, thiab lwm tus yog tus saib xyuas hauv thaj chaw technical.Nws ua haujlwm nrog MTH cov neeg ua haujlwm txhua hnub thiab pab tsim cov thev naus laus zis tshiab raws li xav tau. "Nws yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov txheej txheem. "
Lyle Hill, tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm MTH, tau hais tias MTH Kev Lag Luam tau pib ua haujlwm nrog kev ruaj ntseg cov duab puab ethereal rau hauv av thiab txhim kho lub superstructure, tom qab ntawd txuas cov nplooj ntawv rau nws thiab muab cov xuab zeb zaum kawg thiab polishing, ua siab zoo ntawm PSI Kev taw qhia.Kev ua tiav ntawm cov duab puab txhais tau tias muaj kev sib npaug ntawm kev kos duab thiab kev ua haujlwm;kev tshawb xav thiab kev muaj tiag;xav tau lub sijhawm thiab lub sijhawm teem tseg.
Lou Cerny, MTH tus lwm thawj ntawm engineering thiab tus thawj tswj hwm qhov project, hais tias qhov nws nyiam txog qhov project yog nws qhov tshwj xeeb.
Tab sis kev ua haujlwm ua ntej-ntawm-nws-zoo yuav tsum tau hloov pauv ntawm qhov chaw ingenuity kom ua tau raws li cov kev cov nyom uas tsis tau pom dua thiab teb cov lus nug uas tshwm sim thaum ua haujlwm nce ntxiv:
Yuav ua li cas koj haum 128 lub tsheb loj stainless hlau panels mus rau ib tug ruaj khov superstructure thaum tuav lawv nrog me nyuam hnab looj tes? Koj ua li cas weld ib tug loj arc-zoo li tus taum yam tsis muaj kev cia siab rau nws?Yuav ua li cas rau nkag mus rau ib tug weld yam tsis muaj peev xwm welding los ntawm sab hauv?Yuav ua li cas ua tau ib tug zoo meej daim iav tiav rau stainless hlau welds nyob rau hauv ib cheeb tsam?
Thawj lub cim qhia tias qhov no yuav yog ib qho kev nyuaj tshwj xeeb, Cerny tau hais tias, yog thaum kev tsim kho thiab kev teeb tsa pib ntawm 30,000-phaus cov khoom siv.Cov qauv hlau uas txhawb nqa cov duab puab.
Thaum cov zinc-nplua nuj cov qauv hlau muab los ntawm PSI los sib sau ua ke cov txheej txheem substructure yog qhov yooj yim rau kev tsim, qhov chaw substructure nyob ib nrab ntawm lub tsev noj mov thiab ib nrab ntawm lub tsheb nres, txhua qhov ntawm qhov siab sib txawv.
Cerny tau hais tias "Yog li cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm yog hom cantilevered thiab rickety," Cerny hais tias. "Qhov twg peb muab ntau cov hlau no, suav nrog thaum pib ntawm lub phaj ua haujlwm nws tus kheej, peb yuav tsum tau txais lub crane tsav mus rau hauv lub qhov 5-taw."
Cerny tau hais tias lawv siv cov txheej txheem anchoring zoo heev, suav nrog cov khoom siv ua ntej, zoo ib yam li cov khoom siv hauv cov thee mining, thiab qee cov tshuaj anchors.Thaum lub substructure ntawm steel qauv yog tsau nyob rau hauv lub pob zeb, nws yog tsim nyog los tsim ib tug superstructure uas lub plhaub yuav txuas.
Cerny hais tias "Peb pib txhim kho lub kaw lus siv ob lub loj fabricated 304 stainless hlau O-rings-ib qho nyob rau sab qaum teb kawg ntawm cov qauv thiab ib qho nyob rau sab qab teb kawg," hais tias Cerny (saib daim duab 3).Cov rings tau tuav ua ke los ntawm criss-crossing raj trusses.Lub nplhaib-core subframe yog tsim nyob rau hauv cov seem thiab welded welders.
“Yog li ntawd muaj ib tug loj superstructure uas tsis muaj leej twg tau pom;Nws yog nruj me ntsis rau cov qauv tsim, "Cerny hais.
Txawm hais tias kev siv zog zoo tshaj plaws los tsim, tsim, tsim thiab teeb tsa tag nrho cov khoom tsim nyog rau Auckland qhov project, cov duab puab no yog qhov tsis tau muaj dua thiab ua txhaum txoj hauv kev tshiab ib txwm los nrog burrs thiab khawb. Ib yam li ntawd, kev sib txuas ntawm ib lub tuam txhab tsim lub tswv yim nrog lwm tus tsis yooj yim li dhau lub baton. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub cev nrug ntawm qhov chaw ua rau kev xa khoom qeeb.
Silva tau hais tias "Thaum cov txheej txheem sib dhos thiab vuam tau npaj ua ntej hauv Oakland, qhov chaw tiag tiag xav tau kev hloov pauv ntawm txhua tus neeg," Silva hais tias.
Hauv thawj ob peb lub hlis, MTH txoj haujlwm niaj hnub yog los txiav txim siab seb hnub ua haujlwm tau ua dab tsi thiab yuav ua li cas zoo tshaj plaws los tsim cov khoom siv rau kev txhim kho lub subframe, nrog rau qee qhov struts, "shock absorbers," caj npab, pegs, thiab pins.Cov pogo sticks xav tau los tsim ib qho chaw nyob ib ntus, Er said.
"Nws yog tus txheej txheem txuas ntxiv ntawm kev tsim thiab tsim khoom ntawm ya mus kom cov khoom txav mus thiab coj lawv mus rau qhov chaw sai sai.Peb siv sijhawm ntau los txheeb xyuas qhov peb muaj, kho dua tshiab thiab kho dua tshiab hauv qee kis, Thiab tom qab ntawd tsim cov khoom tsim nyog.
Hill tau hais tias "Qhov tseeb, peb yuav muaj 10 yam khoom rau hnub Tuesday uas peb yuav tsum xa tawm ntawm qhov chaw rau hnub Wednesday," Hill hais.
Cerny tau hais tias "Txog 75 feem pua ​​​​ntawm pawg thawj coj raug tshem tawm yog tsim los yog hloov kho hauv thaj chaw," Cerny tau hais.Kuv yuav nyob hauv khw mus txog 2, 3 teev sawv ntxov, thiab kuv mus tsev mus da dej, tuaj tos thaum 5:30 sawv ntxov, thiab tseem ntub dej. "
Lub kaw lus ncua kev kawm ib ntus MTH rau kev sib sau cov vaj tsev muaj cov springs, struts thiab cables.Tag nrho cov pob qij txha ntawm cov phaj yog bolted ib ntus ua ke. "Yog li tag nrho cov qauv yog mechanically txuas, tshem tawm sab hauv, nrog 304 trusses," Cerny hais.
Lawv pib nrog lub dome ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm omhanalus ntawm lub plab khawm tau ntxiv rau ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav uas muaj kev sib tw tau muab rau txhua lub phaj los pab kom sib npaug tag nrho cov duab puab.
Txhua ntawm 168 lub rooj tsavxwm muaj nws tus kheej plaub lub ntsiab lus ncua kev txhawb nqa lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav yog li nws tau txais kev txhawb nqa ib tus zuj zus thaum nyob hauv qhov chaw. "Lub tswv yim tsis yog yuav tsum ua kom pom tseeb ntawm cov pob qij txha vim tias cov pob qij txha tau muab tso ua ke kom ua tiav qhov sib txawv 0/0," Cerny tau hais.
Raws li kev ua pov thawj rau qhov tseeb ntawm PSI txoj haujlwm, kev sib dhos ua tau zoo heev nrog ob peb qhov khoob. "PSI tau ua txoj haujlwm zoo heev ntawm kev ua cov vaj huam sib luag," Cerny hais tias.Qhov kev ua si yog qhov zoo heev, uas yog qhov zoo rau kuv.Peb tab tom tham, hais ntau txhiab ntawm ib nti.Lub phaj yog muab tso rau ntawm muaj ib tug kaw ntug ua ke. "
"Thaum lawv ua tiav lub rooj sib txoos, ntau tus neeg xav tias nws ua tiav," Silva hais tias, tsis yog vim cov seams nruj, tab sis vim tias tag nrho cov khoom sib dhos, thiab cov iav polished zoo heev, tau los ua si kom muaj kev cuam tshuam rau nws ib puag ncig.Tab sis pob tw seams pom, kua mercury tsis muaj seams. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov sculpture tag nrho cov seam yuav tsum tau ua rau yav tom ntej. va hais.
Kev ua tiav ntawm Cloud Gate yuav tsum tau muab tso rau thaum lub tiaj ua si loj qhib thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg xyoo 2004, yog li omhalus yog GTAW nyob, thiab qhov ntawd tau mus rau ob peb lub hlis.
"Koj tuaj yeem pom me me xim av, uas yog TIG cov pob qij txha nyob ib ncig ntawm tag nrho cov qauv," Cerny tau hais.
Silva tau hais tias "Qhov kev sib tw tseem ceeb tom ntej rau txoj haujlwm no yog txhawm rau txuas lub seam yam tsis tau poob qhov tseeb vim qhov vuam shrinkage deformation," Silva hais.
Plasma welding muab qhov yuav tsum tau muaj zog thiab nruj nrog tsawg txaus ntshai rau daim ntawv, Cerny said.A 98% argon / 2% helium sib tov ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws hauv kev txo cov fouling thiab txhim kho fusion.
Welders ntiav keyhole plasma welding cov txheej txheem siv Thermal Arc® fais fab chaw thiab tshwj xeeb tsheb laij teb thiab teeb sib dhos tsim thiab siv los ntawm PSI.