Q: Peb tsis ntev los no tau pib ua qee yam haujlwm uas yuav tsum tau ua qee yam ntawm cov qib 304 stainless hlau, uas yog welded rau nws tus kheej thiab cov hlau me me.Peb tau ntsib qee qhov teeb meem tawg ntawm stainless hlau mus rau stainless hlau welds mus txog 1.25 "thick.Nws tau hais tias peb muaj tsawg ferrite suav.
A: Qhov no yog ib lo lus nug zoo.Yog lawm, peb tuaj yeem pab koj nkag siab tias tsawg ferrite suav txhais li cas thiab yuav tiv thaiv nws li cas.
Ua ntej, cia peb tshuaj xyuas cov ntsiab lus ntawm stainless hlau (SS) thiab yuav ua li cas ferrite cuam tshuam rau welded pob qij txha.Black steel thiab alloys muaj ntau tshaj li 50% hlau.Qhov no suav nrog tag nrho cov pa roj carbon thiab stainless hlau thiab lwm cov pab pawg.Aluminium, tooj liab thiab titanium tsis muaj hlau, yog li lawv yog cov piv txwv zoo heev ntawm non-ferrous alloys.
Cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlau no yog cov hlau uas muaj tsawg kawg yog 90% hlau thiab SS nrog 70 mus rau 80% hlau.Raws li SS, nws yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg yog 11.5% chromium ntxiv.Chromium qib siab tshaj qhov tsawg kawg nkaus no txhawb kev tsim cov chromium oxide zaj duab xis ntawm steel nto thiab tiv thaiv oxidation tsim xws li xeb los yog xeb.
SS feem ntau muab faib ua peb pawg: austenite, ferrite thiab martensite.Lawv lub npe yog los ntawm chav tsev kub siv lead ua qauv uas ua rau lawv.Lwm pab pawg yog duplex SS, uas yog qhov sib npaug ntawm ferrite thiab austenite hauv cov qauv siv lead ua.
Austenitic qib, 300 series, muaj 16% mus rau 30% chromium thiab 8% mus rau 40% npib tsib xee, tsim cov qauv siv lead ua austenitic feem ntau .To txhawb kev tsim cov austenite-ferrite piv, stabilizers xws li npib tsib xee, carbon, manganese thiab nitrogen 0 4 txheej txheem ntxiv 3 grade 3. 7.Muaj zoo corrosion kuj;Feem ntau siv rau hauv cov khoom noj, tshuaj lom neeg kev pab cuam, tshuaj thiab cryogenic applications.Control of ferrite formation muab zoo heev uas tsis muaj kub toughness.
Ferritic SS yog qib 400 series uas muaj hlau nplaum tag nrho, muaj 11.5% mus rau 30% chromium, thiab muaj ferritic predominant siv lead ua qauv.To txhawb kev tsim ntawm ferrite, stabilizers muaj xws li chromium, silicon, molybdenum, thiab niobium thaum lub sij hawm steel ntau lawm. Ib hom siv feem ntau yog 405, 409, 430 thiab 446.
Martensitic qib, kuj tau txheeb xyuas los ntawm 400 series xws li 403, 410 thiab 440, yog hlau nplaum, muaj 11.5% mus rau 18% chromium, thiab muaj martensite raws li cov qauv siv lead ua.Qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke no muaj cov ntsiab lus kub qis tshaj plaws, uas ua rau lawv kim tshaj plaws los tsim.Lawv muab qee qhov corrosion kuj;lub zog zoo heev;thiab feem ntau yog siv rau hauv cov tais diav, khoom siv kho hniav thiab phais, cookware, thiab qee yam ntawm cov cuab yeej.
Thaum koj vuam SS, hom substrate thiab nws daim ntawv thov hauv kev pabcuam yuav txiav txim siab cov hlau uas tsim nyog siv.Yog tias koj siv cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv roj, koj yuav tsum tau them nyiaj tshwj xeeb rau kev tiv thaiv cov roj sib tov kom tiv thaiv qee yam teeb meem cuam tshuam nrog vuam.
Yuav kom solder lub 304 rau nws tus kheej, koj yuav xav tau ib tug E308/308L electrode.Lub "L" stands rau tsawg carbon, uas pab tiv thaiv intergranular corrosion.Cov electrodes muaj cov ntsiab lus carbon hauv qab 0.03%;Txhua yam saum toj no ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide rau cov ciam teb thiab sib txuas nrog chromium los tsim cov chromium carbides, zoo txo ​​cov corrosion kuj ntawm steel.Qhov no yuav tshwm sim yog corrosion tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub tshav kub cuam tshuam cheeb tsam (HAZ) ntawm SS welded pob qij txha.Ib qho kev txiav txim siab rau L qib SS yog hais tias lawv muaj qis tensile zog SS.
Txij li thaum 304 yog ib hom austenitic ntawm SS, cov hlau sib txuas yuav muaj feem ntau ntawm cov austenite.Txawm li cas los xij, cov electrode nws tus kheej yuav muaj cov ferrite stabilizer, xws li molybdenum, los txhawb kev tsim cov ferrite hauv cov hlau weld.Manufacturers feem ntau teev cov khoom muaj zog ntawm astenitic ferrite. stabilizer, thiab rau cov laj thawj no nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los tiv thaiv nws los ntawm kev ntxiv rau cov hlau vuam.
Ferrite tooj yog muab los ntawm Schaeffler daim duab thiab daim duab WRC-1992, uas siv nickel thiab chromium sib npaug cov qauv los xam tus nqi, uas thaum plotted rau ntawm daim duab ua ib tug normalized tooj.Cov ferrite tooj ntawm 0 thiab 7 sib raug rau qhov ntim feem pua ​​ntawm cov ferrite siv lead ua tam sim no;Txawm li cas los xij, ntawm qhov feem pua ​​​​siab dua, tus lej ferrite nce ntawm tus nqi nrawm dua.Nco ntsoov tias ferrite hauv SS tsis zoo ib yam li carbon steel ferrite, tab sis ib theem hu ua delta ferrite.Austenitic SS tsis muaj theem hloov pauv cuam tshuam nrog cov txheej txheem kub xws li kev kho cua sov.
Kev tsim cov ferrite yog qhov tsim nyog vim tias nws muaj ntau dua ductile tshaj austenite, tab sis yuav tsum tau tswj. Tsawg ferrite suav tuaj yeem tsim cov welds nrog corrosion kuj zoo nyob rau hauv qee qhov kev siv, tab sis nws tsis tshua muaj siab kub tawg thaum vuam.Rau cov kev siv dav dav, cov ferrite suav yuav tsum nyob nruab nrab ntawm 5 thiab 10, tab sis rau qee qhov kev siv tau yooj yim dua los yog siv tau yooj yim dua. ferrite qhov taw qhia.
Txij li thaum koj tau hais tias koj muaj teeb meem tawg thiab suav cov ferrite tsawg, koj yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib ntawm koj cov hlau muab tub lim thiab xyuas kom meej tias nws tsim cov ferrite txaus - nyob ib ncig ntawm 8 yuav tsum tau pab.Tsis tas li ntawd, yog tias koj siv flux cored arc vuam (FCAW), cov hlau muab tub lim no feem ntau siv 100% carbon dioxide shielding gas los yog 75% carbonar sib tov. Koj tuaj yeem xav hloov mus rau cov txheej txheem roj hlau arc vuam (GMAW) thiab siv 98% argon / 2% oxygen sib xyaw kom txo tau cov pa roj carbon monoxide.
Txhawm rau vuam SS rau carbon steel koj yuav tsum siv cov khoom siv E309L muab tub lim.Cov hlau muab tub lim no tshwj xeeb yog siv rau vuam sib txawv ntawm cov hlau thiab tsim ib qho nyiaj ntawm ferrite tom qab cov hlau yog diluted rau hauv weld.Vim tias qee cov pa roj carbon absorbed hauv cov hlau, ferrite stabilizers ntxiv rau cov hlau muab tub lim.
Hauv cov ntsiab lus, yog tias koj xav tshem tawm cov pob tawg kub ntawm austenitic SS welded pob qij txha, xyuas kom tsim nyog ferrite muab tub lim hlau thiab ua raws li kev siv vuam zoo.Kua cov cua kub hauv qab 50 kJ / nti, tswj qhov nruab nrab mus rau qis qis, thiab xyuas kom meej tias cov pob qij txha tsis muaj kab mob ua ntej soldering.Siv ib qho kev sib koom ua ke kom tsim nyog rau kev sib koom ua ke. 10.
WELDER, yav tas los siv vuam niaj hnub no, nthuav qhia cov neeg tiag tiag uas ua cov khoom uas peb siv thiab ua haujlwm nrog txhua hnub.Cov ntawv xov xwm no tau ua haujlwm rau cov koom haum vuam hauv North America rau ntau tshaj 20 xyoo.
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