Cov kav dej tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov kav hlau thiab cov kav hlau tsis yog hlau. Cov kav hlau hlau txuas ntxiv rau hauv ferrous thiab non-ferrous hom.Ferrous hlau yog tsim los ntawm cov hlau, thaum cov hlau tsis yog hlau tsis muaj hlau. Carbon steel kav, stainless hlau kav, chrome molybdenum kav thiab cam khwb cia hlau kav hlau nkev yog tag nrho cov hlau kav. raws li cov kav dej tooj liab, yog cov kav dej uas tsis yog-ferrous.Plastic kav, cov kav dej ua vaj tse, cov kav dej yas, cov kav dej iav, cov kav dej hauv cov kav dej, cov kav dej ua vaj tse thiab lwm cov kav dej tshwj xeeb uas tuaj yeem siv rau lub hom phiaj tshwj xeeb yog hu ua cov kav dej uas tsis yog xim hlau.Ferrous hlau kav yog cov kav dej ntau tshaj plaws hauv kev lag luam hluav taws xob;carbon steel kav yog siv dav.ASTM thiab ASME cov qauv tswj ntau yam kav dej thiab cov kav dej siv hauv cov txheej txheem kev lag luam.
Cov pa roj carbon steel yog cov hlau siv ntau tshaj plaws hauv kev lag luam, suav txog ntau dua 90% ntawm tag nrho cov hlau ntau lawm.Raws cov ntsiab lus carbon, carbon steels tau muab faib ua peb pawg:
Nyob rau hauv alloyed steels, sib txawv proportions ntawm alloying ntsiab yog siv los ua kom tiav (kho) cov khoom xws li weldability, ductility, machinability, lub zog, hardenability thiab corrosion kuj, thiab lwm yam.Qee yam ntawm cov feem ntau siv alloying ntsiab thiab lawv lub luag hauj lwm yog raws li nram no:
Stainless hlau yog cov hlau alloy nrog cov ntsiab lus chromium ntawm 10.5% (yam tsawg kawg nkaus). Stainless hlau nthuav tawm txawv tshaj plaw corrosion kuj vim yog tsim ntawm ib txheej Cr2O3 nyias heev rau saum npoo. Muaj ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm cov pa roj carbon, silicon thiab manganese.Stainless hlau yog ntxiv cais raws li:
Ntxiv rau cov qib saum toj no, qee cov qib siab (los yog qib tshwj xeeb) stainless hlau kuj siv hauv kev lag luam yog:
Cov cuab yeej steel muaj cov ntsiab lus siab carbon (0.5% mus rau 1.5%).Cov ntsiab lus carbon ntau dua muab cov hardness thiab lub zog ntau dua.Cov hlau no tsuas yog siv los ua cov cuab yeej thiab pwm.Cov cuab yeej steels muaj ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm tungsten, cobalt, molybdenum, thiab vanadium kom ua rau cov hlau kub thiab hnav tsis kam nrog rau cov cuab yeej ua haujlwm.
Cov kav dej no tau siv dav hauv cov txheej txheem kev lag luam.ASTM thiab ASME cov qauv rau cov kav dej zoo li txawv, tab sis cov khoom siv qib yog tib yam. Piv txwv li:
Cov khoom muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov khoom ntawm ASME thiab ASTM cov lej zoo ib yam tshwj tsis yog lub npe.Lub zog tensile ntawm ASTM A 106 Gr A yog 330 Mpa, ASTM A 106 Gr B yog 415 Mpa, thiab ASTM A 106 Gr C yog 485 Mpa.Qhov feem ntau siv cov pa roj carbon 10 BASTM A cov yeeb nkab. 06 Gr A 330 Mpa, ASTM A 53 (Kub Dip Galvanized lossis Kab Yeeb), uas tseem yog qib siv dav hauv carbon steel yeeb nkab rau cov yeeb nkab.ASTM A 53 yeeb nkab muaj nyob rau hauv ob qib:
ASTM A 53 Yeeb Nkab tau muab faib ua peb hom - Hom E (ERW - Resistance Welded), Hom F (Lub Rauv thiab Lub Taub Hau Welded), Hom S (Seamless). Hauv Hom E, ASTM A 53 Gr A thiab ASTM A 53 Gr B muaj. kuj muaj.Lub zog tensile ntawm ASTM A 53 Gr A yeeb nkab zoo ib yam li ASTM A 106 Gr A ntawm 330 Mpa.Lub zog tensile ntawm ASTM A 53 Gr B yeeb nkab zoo ib yam li ASTM A 106 Gr B ntawm 415 Mpa.Qhov no npog cov pa roj carbon steel qib kav cov txheej txheem kev lag luam.
Cov kav hlau stainless feem ntau siv hauv kev lag luam yog hu ua austenitic stainless steels.Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm austenitic stainless hlau yog tias nws tsis yog-magnetic los yog paramagnetic.Peb qhov tshwj xeeb tseem ceeb rau austenitic stainless hlau yog:
Muaj 18 qib nyob rau hauv cov lus qhia no, ntawm 304 L yog qhov feem ntau siv.A nrov qeb yog 316 L vim nws cov corrosion kuj siab.ASTM A 312 (ASME SA 312) rau cov kav dej 8 ntiv tes los yog tsawg dua hauv txoj kab uas hla.The “L” nrog rau qib qhia tias nws muaj cov ntsiab lus carbon tsawg, uas txhim kho cov yeeb nkab gradeability.
Qhov kev qhia tshwj xeeb no siv rau txoj kab loj loj welded kav.Cov kav dej cov sij hawm them rau hauv cov lus qhia no yog Teem caij 5S thiab Teem caij 10.
Weldability ntawm Austenitic Stainless Steels - Austenitic stainless hlau muaj thermal expansion ntau dua ferritic los yog martensitic stainless steels.Vim lub siab coefficient ntawm thermal expansion thiab thermal conductivity ntawm austenitic stainless hlau, deformation los yog warpage tuaj yeem tshwm sim thaum vuam. merged arc welding (SAW) tsis pom zoo thaum muaj cov austenitic stainless hlau los yog cov ntsiab lus ferrite tsawg welds.Lub rooj (Appendix-1) yog ib qho kev qhia rau kev xaiv cov khoom tsim nyog muab tub lim lossis electrode raws li cov khoom siv hauv paus (rau austenitic stainless hlau).
Chromium molybdenum tubing yog tsim rau cov kev pabcuam kub kub vim tias lub zog tensile ntawm chrome molybdenum tubing tseem tsis hloov thaum lub sijhawm kub siab.Lub raj pom daim ntawv thov hauv cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, thiab lwm yam.Lub raj yog ASTM A 335 hauv ntau qib:
Cov kav dej cam khwb cia yog siv rau kev tua hluav taws, dej ntws, dej phwj tuaj, lub luag haujlwm hnyav (hauv lub luag haujlwm hnyav) - cov kav dej hauv av thiab lwm yam kev pabcuam.Cov qib ntawm cov kav hlau cam yog:
Cov kav dej hauv av yog siv rau hauv cov kav dej hauv av rau kev pabcuam hluav taws.Dürr cov kav dej yog qhov nyuaj vim muaj cov silicon.Cov kav dej no yog siv rau kev lag luam acid, raws li qib qhia tau hais tias tsis kam ua lag luam acid, thiab rau kev kho dej uas tso cov kua qaub pov tseg.
Nirmal Surendran Menon tau txais daim Bachelor of Mechanical Engineering los ntawm Anna University, Tamil Nadu, Is Nrias teb hauv 2005 thiab Master of Science hauv Project Management los ntawm National University of Singapore hauv 2010.Nws yog nyob rau hauv kev lag luam roj / roj / petrochemical.Nws tam sim no ua haujlwm ua haujlwm ua haujlwm ntawm LNG liquefaction project nyob rau sab qab teb sab hnub poob Louisiana.As ib feem ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm liquefaction ntawm LNG thiab kev tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm. cov chaw ua haujlwm.
Ashish kawm tiav qib bachelor's degree hauv engineering thiab muaj ntau tshaj 20 xyoo ntawm kev koom tes hauv engineering, kev ruaj ntseg zoo / kev tswj xyuas zoo, kev tsim khoom tsim nyog / kev saib xyuas, kev yuav khoom, kev tshuaj xyuas kev npaj, vuam, fabrication, kev tsim kho thiab subcontracting.
Kev ua haujlwm roj thiab roj feem ntau nyob hauv cov chaw deb deb ntawm cov tuam txhab hauv paus chaw haujlwm.Tam sim no, nws muaj peev xwm saib xyuas lub twj tso kua mis, teeb tsa thiab txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv seismic, thiab taug qab cov neeg ua haujlwm thoob ntiaj teb los ntawm txhua qhov chaw.Txawm tias cov neeg ua haujlwm nyob hauv chaw ua haujlwm lossis tawm hauv nroog, Is Taws Nem thiab cov ntawv thov muaj feem cuam tshuam rau cov ntaub ntawv ntau dua thiab tswj tau ntau dua li yav dhau los.
Sau npe rau OILMAN Hnub no, ib tsab ntawv xov xwm ob-lub limtiam xa tuaj rau koj lub inbox nrog txhua yam koj xav paub txog cov xov xwm lag luam roj thiab roj, cov xwm txheej tam sim no thiab cov ntaub ntawv kev lag luam.