Los ntawm robotic tsav chains mus rau conveyor txoj siv nyob rau hauv kev muab saw hlau ua hauj lwm mus rau sway ntawm cua turbine yees, txoj hauj lwm sensing yog ib qho tseem ceeb muaj nuj nqi nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau yam ntawm daim ntaub ntawv.Nws muaj peev xwm siv tau ntau yam ntaub ntawv, xws li linear, teb, angular, kiag li, incremental, contact thiab non-contact sensors.Pospecialized pots technologies tau tsim peb txoj hauj lwm metrics. , inductive, eddy tam sim no, capacitive, magnetostrictive, Hall nyhuv, fiber ntau optic, kho qhov muag thiab ultrasonic.
Cov FAQ no muab cov lus qhia luv luv rau ntau hom kev paub txog txoj haujlwm, tom qab ntawd tshuaj xyuas ntau yam thev naus laus zis uas cov neeg tsim qauv tuaj yeem xaiv los ntawm thaum siv qhov kev ntsuas kev daws teeb meem.
Potentiometric txoj hauj lwm sensors yog cov khoom siv tiv thaiv uas ua ke nrog cov kab hluav taws xob ruaj khov nrog lub wiper txuas rau cov khoom uas nws txoj hauj lwm yuav tsum tau hnov.Qhov kev txav ntawm cov khoom txav lub wiper raws tus khiav.Qhov txoj hauj lwm ntawm cov khoom yog ntsuas los ntawm kev siv ib tug voltage divider network tsim los ntawm rails thiab wipers los ntsuas linear los yog rotational motion nrog ib tug tsis tshua muaj zog DC sensor, tab sis tsis tshua muaj nqi DC (P. acy thiab repeatability.
Inductive txoj hauj lwm sensors siv cov kev hloov nyob rau hauv cov khoom ntawm magnetic teb induced nyob rau hauv lub sensor coil.Nyob ntawm lawv cov architecture, lawv muaj peev xwm ntsuas linear los yog rotational txoj hauj lwm.Linear Variable Differential Transformer (LVDT) txoj hauj lwm sensors siv peb coils qhwv ib ncig ntawm lub hollow raj;Thawj kauj thiab ob lub kauj coils txuas nrog hauv series, thiab theem kev sib raug zoo ntawm ob kauj kauj yog 180 ° tawm ntawm theem nrog rau cov thawj kauj.A ferromagnetic core hu ua armature yog muab tso rau hauv lub raj thiab txuas rau cov khoom ntawm qhov chaw ntsuas.Ib qho kev sib txuas ntawm cov kauj vab thib ob thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib txawv (EMF). Txoj hauj lwm ntawm lub armature thiab qhov nws txuas nrog tuaj yeem txiav txim siab.A rotating voltage differential transformer (RVDT) siv tib cov txheej txheem los taug qab txoj hauj lwm rotating.LVDT thiab RVDT sensors muab cov neeg zoo, linearity, daws teeb meem thiab siab rhiab heev.Lawv tsis muaj kev sib txhuam thiab tuaj yeem muab ntim rau hauv qhov chaw hnyav.
Eddy tam sim no txoj hauj lwm sensors ua hauj lwm nrog cov khoom conductive.Eddy tam sim no yog induced tam sim no uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv conductive nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm ib tug hloov magnetic teb.Cov tam sim no ntws nyob rau hauv ib tug kaw voj thiab tsim ib tug thib ob magnetic teb.Eddy tam sim no sensors muaj xws li coils thiab linearization circuits.Cov alternating tam sim no energizes lub coil los tsim cov thawj sib nqus txoj hauj lwm ntawm coil yuav txav mus los. Secondary teb ua los ntawm eddy tam sim no, uas cuam tshuam rau lub coil impedance.Thaum cov khoom tau los ze zog mus rau lub kauj, eddy tam sim no poob nce thiab oscillating voltage yuav me me (Daim duab 2).Lub oscillating voltage yog rectified thiab ua tiav los ntawm ib tug linearizer Circuit Court los tsim ib tug linear DC tso zis proportional rau qhov deb ntawm cov khoom.
Eddy cov khoom siv tam sim no yog rugged, cov khoom siv tsis sib cuag feem ntau yog siv los ua qhov sib thooj sensors.Lawv yog omnidirectional thiab tuaj yeem txiav txim siab qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov khoom, tab sis tsis yog qhov kev taw qhia lossis qhov deb ntawm qhov khoom.
Raws li lub npe qhia, capacitive txoj hauj lwm sensors ntsuas qhov kev hloov ntawm capacitance los txiav txim txoj hauj lwm ntawm cov khoom raug sensed.Cov tsis sib cuag sensors no yuav siv tau los ntsuas linear los yog rotational txoj hauj lwm.Lawv muaj ob daim hlau sib cais los ntawm ib tug dielectric khoom thiab siv ib tug ntawm ob txoj kev los xyuas qhov chaw ntawm ib yam khoom:
Txhawm rau ua kom muaj kev hloov pauv hauv dielectric tas li, cov khoom uas nws txoj hauj lwm yuav tsum tau kuaj pom yog txuas nrog cov khoom siv dielectric.Raws li cov khoom siv dielectric txav, qhov zoo dielectric tas li ntawm lub capacitor hloov vim qhov sib xyaw ntawm thaj tsam ntawm cov khoom siv dielectric thiab cov dielectric tas li ntawm huab cua.Lwm yam, cov khoom tuaj yeem txuas nrog ib qho ntawm cov khoom txav mus los ntawm cov phaj, thiab cov capacitor txav deb ntawm cov phaj. acitance yog siv los txiav txim qhov chaw txheeb ze.
Capacitive sensors tuaj yeem ntsuas qhov kev hloov pauv, qhov deb, txoj hauj lwm thiab qhov tuab ntawm cov khoom.Vim lawv cov teeb liab siab ruaj khov thiab kev daws teeb meem, capacitive displacement sensors yog siv hauv chav kuaj thiab chaw ua haujlwm.Piv txwv li, capacitive sensors yog siv los ntsuas cov yeeb yaj kiab thickness thiab nplaum daim ntaub ntawv hauv cov txheej txheem siv tshuab.
Magnetostriction yog cov cuab yeej ntawm ferromagnetic cov ntaub ntawv uas ua rau cov khoom hloov nws qhov loj me los yog cov duab thaum siv magnetic teb.Nyob rau hauv lub magnetostrictive txoj hauj lwm sensor, ib tug movable txoj hauj lwm hlau nplaum yog txuas mus rau cov khoom uas ntsuas. interacts nrog axial magnetic teb ntawm cov hlau nplaum ruaj khov (cov hlau nplaum nyob rau hauv lub tog raj kheej piston, daim duab 3a).Qhov kev sib cuam tshuam yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib tw (cov nyhuv Wiedemann), uas lim cov hlau, ua ib qho acoustic pulse uas propagates raws waveguide thiab kuaj pom los ntawm lub sensor thaum kawg ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm lub waveguides. ntawm cov mem tes tam sim no thiab kev tshawb pom ntawm acoustic mem tes, qhov txheeb ze ntawm txoj hauj lwm hlau nplaum thiab yog li cov khoom tuaj yeem ntsuas tau (Fig.3c).
Magnetostrictive txoj hauj lwm sensors yog cov tsis sib cuag sensors siv los xyuas txog txoj hauj lwm linear.Waveguides feem ntau nyob hauv stainless hlau los yog txhuas raj, ua kom cov sensors siv rau hauv qhov chaw qias neeg lossis ntub dej.
Thaum ib tug nyias, tiaj tus neeg xyuas pib muab tso rau hauv ib qho chaw sib nqus, txhua qhov tam sim no ntws los ntawm ib sab ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib, tsim kom muaj qhov sib txawv hu ua Hall voltage.Yog tias tam sim no nyob rau hauv tus neeg xyuas pib tsis tu ncua, qhov loj ntawm Hall voltage yuav cuam tshuam lub zog ntawm lub magnetic teb. Hall voltage.Los ntawm kev ntsuas Hall voltage, txoj hauj lwm ntawm ib qho khoom tuaj yeem txiav txim siab.Muaj tshwj xeeb Hall-effect position sensors uas tuaj yeem txiav txim siab txoj haujlwm hauv peb qhov ntev (Daim duab 4).Hall-effect position sensors yog cov khoom siv tsis sib cuag uas muaj kev ntseeg siab thiab ceev ceev, thiab ua haujlwm dhau qhov kub ntau.
Muaj ob hom kev siv fiber ntau optic sensors.Intrinsic fiber optic sensors, cov fiber ntau yog siv los ua lub hauv paus ntawm kev hnov ​​​​lus.In sab nraud fiber optic sensors, fiber optics tau ua ke nrog lwm lub tshuab sensor los relay lub teeb liab rau tej thaj chaw deb electronics rau kev ua. ency domain reflectometer.Fiber optic sensors tiv thaiv electromagnetic cuam tshuam, tuaj yeem tsim los ua haujlwm ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, thiab tsis yog-conductive, yog li lawv tuaj yeem siv ze rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siab lossis cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.
Lwm fiber-optic sensing raws li fiber ntau Bragg grating (FBG) technology kuj siv tau rau txoj hauj lwm ntsuas.The FBG ua raws li ib tug notch lim, reflecting ib tug me me feem ntawm lub teeb nyob rau hauv lub Bragg wavelength (λB) thaum illuminated los ntawm broad-spectrum teeb. , tshem tawm, acceleration thiab load.
Muaj ob hom optical txoj hauj lwm sensors, tseem hu ua optical encoders.Ib rooj plaub, lub teeb raug xa mus rau ib tug receiver nyob rau hauv lub kawg ntawm lub sensor.Nyob rau hauv lub thib ob hom, lub emission teeb liab yog reflected los ntawm cov khoom soj ntsuam thiab xa rov qab mus rau lub teeb qhov chaw. Nyob ntawm seb lub sensor tsim, kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub teeb zog, xws li wavelength, siv, theem los yog polarization txoj hauj lwm ntawm lub sensor yog muaj nyob rau hauv polarization. thiab rotary motion.Cov sensors poob rau hauv peb pawg loj;transmissive optical encoders, reflective optical encoders, thiab interferometric optical encoders.
Ultrasonic txoj hauj lwm sensors siv piezoelectric siv lead ua transducers kom emit high-frequency ultrasonic nthwv dej.Lub sensor ntsuas lub suab reflected.Ultrasonic sensors yuav siv tau raws li yooj yim sib xws sensors, los yog ntau complex designs muaj peev xwm muab ntau yam ntaub ntawv.Ultrasonic txoj hauj lwm sensors ua hauj lwm nrog lub hom phiaj ntawm ntau yam khoom thiab nto nta, thiab muaj peev xwm ntes cov khoom me me ntawm ntau hom kev vibrations, tsis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov ntau dua. infrared hluav taws xob thiab electromagnetic cuam tshuam.Piv txwv ntawm daim ntawv thov siv ultrasonic txoj hauj lwm sensors muaj xws li cov kua theem nrhiav tau, high-speed suav ntawm cov khoom, robotic navigation systems, thiab automotive sensing.A automotive ultrasonic sensor muaj ib tug yas vaj tse, ib tug piezoelectric transducer nrog ib tug ntxiv daim nyias nyias, thiab ib tug luam Circuit Court board nrog electronics 5 teeb liab, transducer thiab microcure.
Txoj hauj lwm sensors tuaj yeem ntsuas qhov tseeb lossis txheeb ze linear, rotational thiab angular motion ntawm cov khoom.Position sensors tuaj yeem ntsuas qhov txav ntawm cov khoom siv xws li actuators lossis motors.Lawv kuj tau siv hauv mobile platforms xws li robots thiab tsheb.Av ntau yam thev naus laus zis yog siv nyob rau hauv txoj hauj lwm sensors nrog ntau yam kev sib txuas ntawm ib puag ncig durability, nqi, rov ua dua, thiab lwm yam.
3D Sib Nqus Position Sensors, Allegro MicrosystemsTanalyzing thiab Enhancing the Security of Ultrasonic Sensors for Autonomous Vehicles, IEEE Internet of Things Journal Yuav ua li cas xaiv ib txoj hauj lwm sensor, Cambridge Integrated CircuitsPosition sensor hom, Ixthus Instrumentation Dab tsi yog inductive txoj hauj lwm sensor?, Keyence Po Magneto yog dab tsi?
Xauj cov teeb meem tshiab kawg ntawm Tsim Ntiaj Teb thiab cov teeb meem rov qab rau hauv ib qho yooj yim-rau-siv, zoo hom. Kho kom raug, sib qhia thiab rub tawm hnub no nrog cov thawj coj tsim engineering magazine.
Lub ntiaj teb cov teeb meem daws teeb meem EE lub rooj sab laj npog microcontrollers, DSP, kev sib txuas lus, analog thiab digital tsim, RF, hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, PCB routing, thiab lwm yam
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