Ua tsaug rau koj tuaj xyuas Nature.com.Qhov browser version koj siv tau txwv kev txhawb nqa rau CSS.Rau qhov kev paub zoo tshaj plaws, peb xav kom koj siv qhov browser tshiab (lossis kaw qhov kev sib raug zoo hauv Internet Explorer).
Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no, ib tug 220GHz broadband high-power interleaved ob-blade mus ncig teb chaws yoj raj yog tsim thiab xyuas.Ua ntej, ib tug planar ob-nqaj staggered ob-hnav qeeb-yoj qauv yog npaj.Los ntawm kev siv ib tug dual-mode ua hauj lwm tswvyim, cov kis tau tus mob kev kawm thiab bandwidth yog ze li ntawm ob npaug ntawm lub hwj chim ntawm ib leeg-hloov kev xav tau ntawm kev ruaj ntseg yoj. e, ob lub cwj mem zoo li hluav taws xob kho qhov muag tau tsim, lub zog tsav tsheb yog 20 ~ 21 kV, thiab tam sim no yog 2 × 80 mA.Tsim cov hom phiaj.Los ntawm kev siv lub npog ntsej muag thiab tswj cov electrode hauv rab phom ob rab phom, ob lub xaum kab teeb tuaj yeem tsom mus rau lawv cov chaw sib tham nrog compression piv ntawm 7, qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm 7, 0 m. Qhov kev sib kis tau ruaj khov ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob ob lub teeb hluav taws xob tuaj yeem ncav cuag 45 hli, thiab qhov chaw sib nqus tsom yog 0.6 T, uas yog txaus los npog tag nrho cov kev siv hluav taws xob ntau zaus (HFS). 310 W ntawm 220 GHz, qhov optimized beam voltage yog 20.6 kV, lub beam tam sim no yog 2 × 80 mA, qhov nce yog 38 dB, thiab 3-dB bandwidth tshaj 35 dB txog 70 GHz.Thaum kawg, high-precision microstructure fabrication yog ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig ntawm HFS cov yam ntxwv thiab kev pom zoo. qhov kev simulation tau tshwm sim.Yog li ntawd, cov tswv yim npaj rau hauv daim ntawv no yuav tsum tsim kom muaj lub zog loj, ultra-broadband terahertz-band hluav taws xob qhov chaw uas muaj peev xwm rau kev siv yav tom ntej.
Raws li ib txwm siv lub tshuab nqus tsev vacuum, mus ncig yoj raj (TWT) ua lub luag haujlwm tsis tuaj yeem hloov pauv hauv ntau daim ntawv thov xws li kev daws teeb meem radar, satellite kev sib txuas lus, thiab chaw tshawb nrhiav 1,2,3.Txawm li cas los xij, raws li kev khiav hauj lwm zaus nkag mus rau terahertz band, cov tsoos sib txuas-cavity TWT thiab helical tsis tuaj yeem ntsib cov neeg tsis tshua muaj zog, thiab cov neeg siv tsis muaj zog. manufacturing processes.Yog li ntawd, yuav ua li cas los txhim kho qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm THz band tau dhau los ua qhov teeb meem kev txhawj xeeb rau ntau lub koom haum tshawb fawb tshawb fawb.Nyob rau xyoo tas los no, cov qauv tshiab qeeb-wave (SWSs), xws li staggered dual-blade (SDV) cov qauv thiab folded waveguide (FW) cov qauv, tau txais kev saib xyuas zoo heev vim lawv cov qauv tsim proWS. los ntawm UC-Davis hauv 20084.Cov qauv qauv tuaj yeem tsim tau yooj yim los ntawm micro-nano ua cov txheej txheem xws li kev tswj cov lej hauv computer (CNC) thiab UV-LIGA, tag nrho cov hlau pob qauv tuaj yeem muab cov thermal muaj peev xwm loj dua nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntau dua thiab nce, thiab cov qauv waveguide-zoo li kuj tuaj yeem muab kev ua haujlwm dav dav dua bandwidth.Tam sim no, rated UC-1 lub sijhawm ua haujlwm siab ntawm Davis. outputs ntau tshaj 100 W thiab ze li ntawm 14 GHz bandwidth signals nyob rau hauv G-band5.Txawm li cas los xij, cov txiaj ntsig no tseem muaj qhov khoob uas tsis tuaj yeem ua tau raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm lub zog siab thiab dav bandwidth hauv terahertz band.Rau UC-Davis's G-band SDV-TWT, daim ntawv electron beams tau siv los txhim kho lub peev xwm tam sim no.Txawm li cas los xij, kev txhim kho tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv tam sim no. Kev sib kis ntev ntev vim qhov tsis ruaj khov ntawm daim ntawv kab hluav taws xob hluav taws xob kho qhov muag (EOS), thiab muaj cov kab hluav taws xob ntau dhau, uas tuaj yeem ua rau lub teeb rau nws tus kheej tswj.- Excitation thiab oscillation 6,7.In thiaj li yuav ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ntawm siab tso zis zog, dav bandwidth thiab zoo stability ntawm THz TWT, ib tug dual-beam SDV-SWS nrog dual-hom kev ua hauj lwm yog npaj rau hauv daim ntawv no. s kuj tseem siv tau.Single pencil beam radios kuj yog me me vim qhov ntsug loj txwv.Yog tias qhov ceev tam sim no siab dhau lawm, beam tam sim no yuav tsum raug txo, uas ua rau lub zog qis qis dua.Txhim kho cov nqaj tam sim no, planar faib multibeam EOS tau tshwm sim, uas exploits lub lateral loj ntawm SWS.Due mus rau ib qho kev faib tawm siab ntau ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. beam tam sim no thiab ib tug me me tam sim no ib beam, uas yuav zam overmode beam tunneling piv rau daim ntawv-nqaj khoom siv.Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho txiaj ntsig los tswj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm kev mus ncig yoj tube.Rau lub hauv paus ntawm kev ua haujlwm dhau los 8,9, daim ntawv no qhia txog G-band uniform magnetic teb tsom ob lub xaum kab EOS, uas tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov ruaj khov ntawm qhov kev sib txuas ntxiv ntawm qhov kev sib txuas ntawm qhov sib txuas.
Cov qauv ntawm daim ntawv no yog raws li nram no.Ua ntej, SWS cell tsim nrog tsis, dispersion yam ntxwv tsom xam thiab siab zaus simulation tau piav.Tom qab ntawd, raws li cov qauv ntawm chav tsev cell, ib tug ob chav mem hluav beam EOS thiab beam interactivity system yog tsim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no.Intracellular particle simulation cov qhabnias kuj tau nthuav tawm los txheeb xyuas qhov kev siv tau ntawm SDVT thiab cov ntaub ntawv tam sim no. cov txiaj ntsig los txheeb xyuas qhov tseeb ntawm tag nrho HFS.Thaum kawg ua cov ntsiab lus.
Raws li ib qho ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm TWT, cov khoom tawg ntawm cov qauv qeeb-yoj qhia seb lub tshuab hluav taws xob sib tw rau theem tshaj tawm ntawm SWS, thiab yog li muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov nqaj-yoj.Txhawm rau kev txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm tag nrho TWT, kev txhim kho kev sib cuam tshuam yog tsim.Cov qauv ntawm chav tsev cell yog qhia nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib qho kev txwv ntawm lub hwj chim ntawm tus cwj mem 1. tus qauv txais yuav tus cwj mem ob npaug los txhim kho lub zog tso zis thiab kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov.Lub caij no, txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau ua haujlwm bandwidth, dual hom tau thov rau SWS ua haujlwm.Vim qhov sib luag ntawm SDV qauv, kev daws teeb meem ntawm electromagnetic field dispersion equation tuaj yeem muab faib ua khib thiab txawm hom.Tam sim no, qhov tseem ceeb khib hom ntawm qhov tsawg zaus siv band thiab cov kev sib txuas ntawm txoj kev loj b. ntawm cov nqaj sib cuam tshuam, yog li ntxiv txhim kho kev ua haujlwm bandwidth.
Raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm lub hwj chim, tag nrho cov raj yog tsim los nrog lub zog tsav ntawm 20 kV thiab ob chav kab hluav taws xob tam sim no ntawm 2 × 80 mA.In thiaj li kom phim qhov voltage kom ze li sai tau rau kev khiav hauj lwm bandwidth ntawm SDV-SWS, peb yuav tsum xam qhov ntev ntawm lub sij hawm p.Qhov kev sib raug zoo ntawm beam voltage thiab lub sij hawm yog qhia nyob rau hauv kab zauv (1)10:
Los ntawm kev teeb tsa theem hloov mus rau 2.5π ntawm qhov nruab nrab zaus ntawm 220 GHz, lub sijhawm p tuaj yeem suav tau los ntawm 0.46 mm.Daim duab 2a qhia cov khoom tawg ntawm SWS unit cell.Lub 20 kV beamline sib tw bimodal nkhaus zoo heev.Matching zaus bands tuaj yeem ncav cuag 720 GHz (25 GHz) thiab 20 GHz. .4–280 GHz (txawm hom) ranges.Daim duab 2b qhia qhov nruab nrab coupling impedance, uas yog ntau tshaj 0.6 Ω los ntawm 210 mus rau 290 GHz, qhia tau hais tias muaj zog sib cuam tshuam yuav tshwm sim nyob rau hauv kev khiav hauj lwm bandwidth.
(a) Dispersion yam ntxwv ntawm dual-mode SDV-SWS nrog 20 kV electron beamline.(b) Kev cuam tshuam cuam tshuam ntawm SDV qeeb-yoj circuit.
Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov khib thiab txawm hom, thiab peb feem ntau xa mus rau qhov sib txawv band no raws li qhov chaw nres tsheb, raws li qhia hauv daim duab 2a.Yog tias TWT ua haujlwm ze ntawm qhov zaus band no, lub zog beam coupling yuav tshwm sim, uas yuav ua rau tsis xav tau oscillations.Hauv kev siv tswv yim, peb feem ntau yuav tsum tsis txhob siv cov band no. yoj qauv tsuas yog 0.1 GHz.Nws nyuaj rau txiav txim siab seb qhov sib txawv me me no puas ua rau oscillations.Yog li ntawd, kev ruaj ntseg ntawm kev ua haujlwm nyob ib ncig ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb yuav raug tshawb xyuas hauv ntu PIC simulation hauv qab no txhawm rau txheeb xyuas seb qhov tsis xav tau oscillations tshwm sim.
Tus qauv ntawm tag nrho HFS yog pom nyob rau hauv daim duab 3.Nws muaj ob theem ntawm SDV-SWS, txuas nrog Bragg reflectors.Qhov kev ua ntawm lub reflector yog txiav tawm lub teeb liab kis tau tus mob ntawm ob theem, suppress lub oscillation thiab xav txog ntawm tsis ua hauj lwm hom xws li high-order hom generated ntawm lub sab sauv thiab sab hniav hniav, yog li ntawd zoo heev rau kev txhim kho cov kab sib txuas sab nraud. los txuas SWS mus rau WR-4 tus qauv waveguide.Qhov kev sib kis coefficient ntawm ob-theem qauv yog ntsuas los ntawm lub sij hawm domain solver hauv 3D simulation software.Xav txog qhov tshwm sim tiag tiag ntawm terahertz band ntawm cov khoom, cov khoom ntawm lub hnab ntawv nqus tsev yog pib rau tooj liab, thiab cov conductivity raug txo mus rau 2.112 × 2.5m.
Daim duab 4 qhia txog kev sib kis tau rau HFS nrog thiab tsis muaj kab tapered couplers.Cov qhabnias qhia tau hais tias lub coupler muaj kev cuam tshuam me ntsis ntawm kev sib kis ntawm tag nrho HFS.Qhov rov poob (S11 < − 10 dB) thiab qhov poob (S21> − 5 dB) ntawm tag nrho cov kab ke hauv 207 ~ 280 GHz kis tau tus yam ntxwv HFS.broad.
Raws li lub zog ntawm lub tshuab nqus tsev twj, rab phom electron ncaj qha txiav txim siab seb lub cuab yeej puas tuaj yeem tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob txaus.Combined nrog kev soj ntsuam ntawm HFS hauv Tshooj II, lub dual-beam EOS yuav tsum tau tsim los muab lub zog txaus.Ntawm no, raws li kev ua haujlwm dhau los hauv W-band8,9, ob lub xaum hluav taws xob phom yog tsim los siv lub ntsej muag daim npog ntsej muag, thiab kev tswj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob raws li SWSA.First.2, lub zog tsav ua hluav taws xob ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob tau pib rau 20 kV, qhov tam sim no kuv ntawm ob lub teeb hluav taws xob yog ob qho tib si 80 mA, thiab cov kab hluav taws xob dw ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob hluav taws xob yog 0.13 hli.Tam sim no, txhawm rau xyuas kom meej tias qhov tam sim no ceev ntawm electron beam yuav tsum tau ua tiav ntawm qhov ntsuas tam sim no, thiab cov cathode compression yuav tsum tau ua tiav. Qhov ceev ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob yog 603 A / cm2, thiab qhov ceev tam sim no ntawm cathode yog 86 A / cm2, uas tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm qhov no yog ua tiav siv cov khoom siv cathode tshiab.Raws li kev tsim kev xav 14, 15, 16, 17, ib rab phom hluav taws xob zoo li Pierce tuaj yeem ua tau tshwj xeeb.
Daim duab 5 qhia txog kab rov tav thiab ntsug schematic daim duab ntawm rab phom, ntsig txog.Nws tuaj yeem pom tau tias qhov profile ntawm rab phom electron nyob rau hauv x-kev taw qhia yuav luag zoo ib yam li daim ntawv zoo li rab phom electron, thaum nyob rau hauv y-kev taw qhia ob lub teeb hluav taws xob yog ib feem sib cais los ntawm lub npog ntsej muag 5 x 0. Cov haujlwm ntawm lub hli x 5 hli = 0. = 0.155 mm, y = 0 mm, ntsig txog.Raws li tus qauv tsim ntawm compression ratio thiab electron txhaj loj, qhov ntev ntawm ob qhov chaw cathode txiav txim siab yog 0.91 mm × 0.13 mm.
Txhawm rau ua kom pom tseeb hluav taws xob tau txais los ntawm txhua qhov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob hauv x-kev taw qhia symmetrical txog nws qhov chaw, daim ntawv no siv cov hluav taws xob tswj hluav taws xob rau rab phom electron.Los ntawm kev teeb tsa qhov hluav taws xob ntawm lub tsom electrode thiab tswj electrode rau −20 kV, thiab qhov hluav taws xob ntawm lub anode rau 0 V, peb tuaj yeem tau txais cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tau pom nyob rau hauv qhov pom ntawm dual. muaj compressibility zoo nyob rau hauv y-kev taw qhia, thiab txhua electron beam converges mus rau lub x-kev taw qhia raws nws tus kheej centre ntawm symmetry, uas qhia tau hais tias tus tswj electrode sib npaug rau qhov tsis sib npaug ntawm hluav taws xob teb generated los ntawm lub tsom electrode.
Daim duab 7 qhia lub hnab ntawv beam nyob rau hauv x thiab y cov lus qhia.Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob hauv x-kev taw qhia txawv ntawm qhov y-direction.Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm x kev taw qhia yog li 4 hli, thiab qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov y kev taw qhia yog ze li ntawm 7mm.Yog li ntawd, qhov tseeb pov tseg electron yuav tsum tau xaiv ntawm 8 mm. 4.6 hli los ntawm lub cathode nto.Peb tuaj yeem pom tias cov duab ntawm cov hlaws yog ze tshaj rau tus qauv voj voog electron beam.Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm ob lub teeb hluav taws xob yog ze rau qhov tsim 0.31 hli, thiab lub vojvoog yog li ntawm 0.13 hli, uas ua tau raws li cov qauv tsim.Daim duab 9 qhia qhov simulation ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob tam sim no. Nws tuaj yeem pom tau hais tias ob lub teeb pom kev zoo tam sim no yog 70A. .
Xav txog qhov hloov pauv ntawm kev tsav tsheb hluav taws xob hauv kev siv tswv yim, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau kawm qhov voltage rhiab heev ntawm cov qauv no.In qhov voltage ntau ntawm 19.8 ~ 20.6 kV, lub hnab ntawv tam sim no thiab beam tam sim no tau txais, raws li qhia hauv daim duab 1 thiab daim duab 1.10 thiab 11.Los ntawm cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tsav tsheb, tsis muaj hluav taws xob tau pom. Kuv tam sim no tsuas yog hloov pauv ntawm 0.74 txog 0.78 A.Yog li ntawd, nws tuaj yeem suav hais tias cov phom hluav taws xob tsim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no muaj qhov zoo rhiab heev rau qhov hluav taws xob.
Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev tsav tsheb voltage hloov ntawm lub hnab ntawv x- thiab y-kev taw qhia beam.
Ib qho kev sib nqus sib nqus tsom yog ib qho chaw ruaj khov hlau nplaum tsom rau qhov system.Vim yog cov khoom sib nqus sib nqus sib nqus thoob plaws hauv cov kab hluav taws xob, nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau axisymmetric electron beams.In seem no, ib qho kev sib nqus sib nqus tsom rau kev tswj xyuas qhov kev ncua deb ntawm ob lub xaum kab teeb yog npaj siab.By analyzing the generated magnetic field is the proposed system, and beam envelopment. Qhov teeb meem ntawm itivity yog kawm.Raws li qhov ruaj khov txoj kev xav ntawm ib tus cwj mem beam18,19, Brillouin magnetic teb tus nqi tuaj yeem xam los ntawm kev sib npaug (2).Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no, peb kuj siv qhov sib npaug los kwv yees qhov sib nqus ntawm cov xaum xaum tom qab faib ob lub xaum kab.20, 1.5-2 npaug ntawm tus nqi suav feem ntau yog xaiv hauv cov qauv tsim.
Daim duab 12 qhia cov qauv ntawm cov qauv sib nqus sib nqus tsom qhov system.Qhov xiav yog cov hlau nplaum ruaj khov nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia axial.Cov khoom xaiv yog NdFeB lossis FeCoNi.The remanence Br teeb nyob rau hauv cov qauv simulation yog 1.3 T thiab permeability yog 1.05.In thiaj li yuav xyuas kom meej qhov ruaj khov kis tau tus mob ntawm tag nrho cov kab hluav taws xob, qhov ntev ntawm lub hli 7. ntawm cov hlau nplaum nyob rau hauv x kev taw qhia txiav txim seb lub transverse magnetic teb nyob rau hauv lub beam channel yog ib yam, uas yuav tsum tau hais tias qhov luaj li cas nyob rau hauv lub x kev taw qhia yuav tsum tsis txhob yuav me me heev.Tam sim no, xav txog tus nqi thiab qhov hnyav ntawm tag nrho cov raj, qhov loj ntawm cov hlau nplaum yuav tsum tsis txhob loj dhau. Yog li ntawd, cov hlau nplaum yog pib teem rau 150 mm × 150 mmMe lub voj voog, uas yuav tsum tau ua kom pom tseeb tias tag nrho cov kab hluav taws xob yog 70 mm. qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov hlau nplaum yog teem rau 20mm.
Nyob rau hauv 2015, Purna Chandra Panda21 thov ib tug ncej nrog ib tug tshiab stepped qhov nyob rau hauv ib tug uniform magnetic focusing system, uas yuav ntxiv txo qhov loj ntawm flux to cathode thiab transverse magnetic teb generated ntawm tus ncej piece qhov.Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no, peb ntxiv ib tug stepped qauv rau ncej ncej ntawm lub focusing system .Lub thickness ntawm peb kauj ruam yog 1 hli. 0.5mm, thiab qhov kev ncua deb ntawm tus ncej qhov yog 2 hli, raws li qhia hauv daim duab 13.
Daim duab 14a qhia txog axial magnetic teb faib raws cov kab nruab nrab ntawm ob kab hluav taws xob.Nws tuaj yeem pom tau tias cov hlau nplaum sib nqus raws li ob lub teeb hluav taws xob sib npaug.Qhov nqi sib nqus yog kwv yees li 6000 Gs, uas yog 1.5 npaug ntawm qhov theoretical Brillouin teb kom nce kis tau tus mob thiab tsom mus rau kev ua tau zoo.Tam sim no zoo tib lub sijhawm, tus nqi sib nqus ntawm 0. Cov nyhuv ntawm kev tiv thaiv magnetic flux to leakage.Daim duab 14b qhia cov transverse magnetic teb faib Los ntawm z kev taw qhia ntawm ntug sab sauv ntawm ob kab hluav taws xob.Nws tuaj yeem pom tau tias qhov sib nqus hlau nplaum sib nqus tsawg dua 200 Gs tsuas yog nyob rau ntawm tus ncej qhov, thaum nyob rau hauv qhov qeeb-yoj Circuit Court, lub transverse magnetic teb yog yuav luag xoom, uas ua pov thawj tias qhov transverse magnetic teb yog zero. Kev saturation ntawm cov ncej, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los kawm txog qhov sib nqus ntawm lub zog hauv cov ncej ncej.Daim duab 14c qhia txog tus nqi ntawm cov hlau nplaum sib nqus hauv cov ncej ncej.Nws tuaj yeem pom tau tias tus nqi ntawm qhov sib nqus lub zog yog tsawg dua 1.2T, qhia tias qhov sib nqus saturation ntawm tus ncej yuav tsis tshwm sim.
Sib nqus teb lub zog faib rau Br = 1.3 T.(a) Axial teb faib.
Raws li CST PS module, axial txheeb ze txoj hauj lwm ntawm lub dual beam phom thiab lub focusing system yog optimized.Raws li Ref.9 thiab simulations, qhov zoo tshaj plaws qhov chaw yog qhov chaw anode piece overlaps ncej ncej deb ntawm cov hlau nplaum.Txawm li cas los xij, nws tau pom tias yog tias qhov remanence tau teem rau 1.3T, qhov kev xa tawm ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob tsis tuaj yeem ncav cuag 99%.Los ntawm kev nce qhov remanence mus rau 1.4 T, qhov sib nqus magnetic teb yuav raug nce ntxiv rau 0 oz 6 oz thiab 6. pom nyob rau hauv daim duab 15. Nws tuaj yeem pom tau tias cov nqaj muaj qhov sib kis tau zoo, qhov hloov pauv me me, thiab qhov sib kis tau ntau dua 45 hli.
Trajectories ntawm ob lub xaum kab teeb nyob rau hauv ib homogeneous magnetic system nrog Br = 1.4 T.(a) xoz dav hlau.(b) yoz aircraft.
Daim duab 16 qhia txog qhov hla ntawm cov nqaj ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov cathode.Nws tuaj yeem pom tias cov duab ntawm cov nqaj seem hauv qhov kev tsom pom tau zoo, thiab cov kab uas hla ntawm ntu tsis hloov ntau.Daim duab 17 qhia lub hnab ntawv beam hauv x thiab y cov lus qhia, feem. tam sim no.Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias tam sim no yog kwv yees li 2 × 80 mA, uas zoo ib yam nrog tus nqi suav hauv kev tsim phom electron.
Electron beam cross section (nrog rau kev tsom xam) ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov cathode.
Xav txog cov teeb meem xws li kev sib dhos yuam kev, qhov hloov pauv ntawm qhov hluav taws xob, thiab kev hloov pauv hauv cov hlau nplaum lub zog hauv kev ua haujlwm, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los tshuaj xyuas qhov kev xav ntawm qhov kev tsom xam.Vim tias muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov anode daim thiab cov ncej hauv kev ua haujlwm tiag tiag, qhov sib txawv no yuav tsum tau teeb tsa hauv qhov simulation.Qhov sib txawv ntawm 0.2am thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm 0.2am thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm 0.0. tam sim no nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia y.Qhov tshwm sim no qhia tau hais tias qhov kev hloov ntawm lub hnab ntawv beam tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb thiab lub beam tam sim no tsis tshua hloov.Yog li ntawd, lub kaw lus yog insensitive rau los ua ke yuam kev.Rau qhov fluctuation ntawm tus tsav voltage, qhov kev ua yuam kev ntau yog teem rau ± 0.5 kV.Daim duab 19b qhia cov kev sib piv cov txiaj ntsig ntawm qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov kev hloov pauv. los ntawm -0.02 txog +0.03 T rau kev hloov pauv hauv magnetic teb lub zog.Qhov kev sib piv tau pom nyob rau hauv daim duab 20.Nws tuaj yeem pom tias lub hnab ntawv beam tsis tshua hloov, uas txhais tau hais tias tag nrho EOS tsis hnov ​​​​tsw rau cov kev hloov pauv hauv cov hlau nplaum lub zog.
Beam lub hnab ntawv thiab cov txiaj ntsig tam sim no nyob rau hauv ib qho kev sib nqus tsom qhov system.(a) Kev sib dhos kam rau ua yog 0.2 hli.(b) Kev tsav tsheb voltage hloov pauv yog ± 0.5 kV.
Beam lub hnab ntawv nyob rau hauv ib qho kev sib nqus tsom qhov system nrog axial magnetic teb lub zog hloov pauv ntawm 0.63 txog 0.68 T.
Txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau tias cov txheej txheem tsom mus rau hauv daim ntawv no tuaj yeem sib phim nrog HFS, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau muab cov txheej txheem tsom thiab HFS rau kev tshawb fawb.Daim duab 21 qhia txog kev sib piv ntawm lub hnab ntawv beam nrog thiab tsis muaj HFS loaded.Cov txiaj ntsig qhia tau tias lub hnab ntawv nqaj tsis hloov ntau thaum tag nrho HFS yog loaded.Yog li ntawd, lub focusing system saum toj no HFS tsim nyog rau lub yoj lub hnab ntawv.
Txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov tseeb ntawm EOS tau thov txog qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub nkoj (Wave SDV-twt. Eters raws li lub tshuab hluav taws xob tsim los saum toj no cov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws ntawm 2.6 KV, lub zog tsav tau zoo tshaj plaws ntawm 2 × (603 A / CM2), thiab lub zog tawm tswv yim ntawm 0.05 W.
Txhawm rau kom tau txais cov teeb liab tso zis zoo tshaj plaws, tus lej ntawm cov voj voog kuj yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo.Qhov zoo tshaj plaws tso zis hluav taws xob tau txais thaum tus naj npawb ntawm ob theem yog 42 + 48 cycles, raws li qhia hauv daim duab 22a.A 0.05 W input teeb liab yog amplified rau 314 W nrog ib tug nce ntawm 38 dB.Qhov tso zis hluav taws xob yog 20 dB spectrum, ceev ceev pFF (F20 spectrum). GHz.Daim duab 22b qhia txog axial txoj hauj lwm faib hluav taws xob hluav taws xob hauv SWS, nrog rau feem ntau ntawm cov hluav taws xob poob lub zog.Qhov no qhia tau hais tias SDV-SWS tuaj yeem hloov lub zog kinetic ntawm electrons rau hauv RF signals, yog li realizing teeb liab amplification.
SDV-SWS tso zis teeb liab ntawm 220 GHz.(a) Cov zis hluav taws xob nrog cov spectrum.(b) Kev faib hluav taws xob hluav taws xob nrog lub teeb hluav taws xob ntawm qhov kawg ntawm SWS inset.
Daim duab 23 qhia tau hais tias cov zis hluav taws xob bandwidth thiab nce ntawm dual-mode dual-beam SDV-TWT.Output kev ua tau zoo tuaj yeem txhim kho ntxiv los ntawm cheb zaus ntawm 200 mus rau 275 GHz thiab optimizing tus tsav voltage.Qhov tshwm sim no qhia tau hais tias 3-dB bandwidth tuaj yeem npog 205 mus rau 275 GHz kev khiav hauj lwm zoo. .
Txawm li cas los xij, raws li daim duab 2a, peb paub tias muaj qhov nres ntawm qhov khib thiab txawm hom, uas tuaj yeem ua rau tsis xav tau oscillations.Yog li ntawd, kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov nyob ib puag ncig cov chaw nres tsheb yuav tsum tau kawm.Figures 24a-c yog 20 ns simulation cov txiaj ntsig ntawm 265.3 GHz, 265.36 5 GHz tau pom tias, thiab 265.365 GHz muaj kev sib fwm. ctuations, lub zog tso zis kuj tseem ruaj khov.Cov spectrum kuj qhia nyob rau hauv daim duab 24 raws li, lub spectrum yog ntshiab.Cov txiaj ntsig no qhia tias tsis muaj tus kheej oscillation nyob ze ntawm lub stopband.
Fabrication thiab ntsuas yog tsim nyog los xyuas qhov tseeb ntawm tag nrho HFS.Nyob rau hauv seem no, lub HFS yog fabricated siv computer numerical control (CNC) technology nrog ib tug txoj kab uas hla ntawm 0.1 hli thiab ib tug machining raug ntawm 10 μm.Cov khoom rau cov high-frequency qauv yog muab los ntawm oxygen-dawb high-conductivity (OFHC) cov qauv ntawm tag nrho 6 μm. 00 hli, qhov dav ntawm 20.00 hli thiab qhov siab ntawm 8.66 hli.Eight pin qhov raug faib nyob ib ncig ntawm cov qauv.Daim duab 25b qhia cov qauv los ntawm kev tshuaj ntsuam electron microscopy (SEM).Cov hniav ntawm cov qauv no yog uniformly tsim thiab muaj zoo nto roughness.Tom qab kev ntsuas meej, tag nrho cov machining error tshaj 5%. tsim thiab precision yuav tsum.
Daim duab 26 qhia qhov sib piv ntawm cov txiaj ntsig kev sim thiab simulations ntawm kev sib kis tau zoo.Port 1 thiab Chaw nres nkoj 2 hauv daim duab 26a sib haum rau cov tswv yim thiab cov zis ports ntawm HFS, feem, thiab sib npaug rau Chaw nres nkoj 1 thiab Chaw nres nkoj 4 hauv daim duab 3.Qhov kev ntsuas qhov tseeb ntawm S11 cov txiaj ntsig tau zoo dua me ntsis. Qhov laj thawj yog vim li cas cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tau teeb tsa hauv qhov simulation siab dhau lawm thiab qhov roughness ntawm lub ntsej muag tom qab qhov tseeb machining yog qhov tsis zoo.Zuag qhia tag nrho, cov txiaj ntsig ntsuas tau pom zoo nrog cov txiaj ntsig simulation, thiab kev sib kis bandwidth ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau muaj ntawm 70 GHz, uas txheeb xyuas qhov ua tau thiab qhov raug ntawm qhov kev thov dual-mode SDV-TWT kev sib xyaw ua ke nrog cov txheej txheem sib xyaw ua ke, ultra-TWT. am SDV-TWT tsim tawm hauv daim ntawv no tuaj yeem siv rau kev tsim khoom thiab kev siv tom ntej.
Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no, ib tug ncauj lus kom ntxaws tsim ntawm ib tug planar tis 220 GHz dual-beam SDV-TWT yog nthuav.Qhov kev ua ke ntawm dual-mode kev ua hauj lwm thiab dual-beam excitation ntxiv tsub kom lub khiav hauj lwm bandwidth thiab tso zis hwj chim.Cov fabrication thiab txias kuaj kuj nqa tawm los xyuas qhov tseeb ntawm tag nrho HFS.Qhov kev ntsuas qhov tseeb tau pom zoo nrog cov txiaj ntsig simulation.Rau qhov tsim ob-beam EOS, ib daim npog ntsej muag thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tau siv ua ke los tsim cov kab hluav taws xob ob lub xaum.Raws li cov qauv tsim tsom rau cov hlau nplaum sib nqus, cov nqaj hlau hluav taws xob tuaj yeem ruaj khov mus ntev nrog cov duab zoo.Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, kev tsim khoom thiab kev sim ntawm EOS yuav raug nqa tawm tag nrho, thiab TWT kev ntsuam xyuas yuav raug nqa tawm. posed nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no tag nrho combines lub tam sim no paub tab lub dav hlau ua technology, thiab qhia tau hais tias muaj peev xwm zoo nyob rau hauv kev ua tau zoo cov cim qhia thiab kev ua thiab kev sib dhos.Yog li ntawd, daim ntawv no ntseeg hais tias cov qauv planar feem ntau yuav dhau los ua tus qauv kev loj hlob ntawm lub tshuab nqus tsev hluav taws xob hauv terahertz band.
Feem ntau ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nyoos thiab cov qauv tshuaj ntsuam xyuas hauv qhov kev tshawb fawb no tau muab tso rau hauv daim ntawv no. Cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb ntxiv tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm tus kws sau ntawv raws li qhov kev thov tsim nyog.
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