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Kev tswj tsis tau los ntshav yog ib qho ua rau tuag taus.Ua kom tiav hemostasis sai ua kom muaj sia nyob ntawm qhov kev kawm raws li kev pabcuam thawj zaug thaum sib ntaus sib tua, kev sib tsoo tsheb, thiab kev ua haujlwm txo kev tuag.Nanoporous fiber-reinforced composite scaffold (NFRCS) muab tau los ntawm ib qho yooj yim hemostatic zaj duab xis-tsim muaj pes tsawg leeg (HFFC) raws li ib ntus txuas ntxiv tuaj yeem ua rau thiab txhim kho hemostasis.Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm NFRCS yog raws li tus qauv tsim ntawm tus kab laug sab tis.Lub tis tis qauv muaj cov tis transverse thiab longitudinal tis, thiab cov tis daim nyias nyias tau txuas rau ib leeg kom muaj kev ncaj ncees ntawm microstructure.HFFC uniformly coats saum npoo ntawm cov fibers nrog ib tug zaj duab xis ntawm nanometer thickness thiab txuas lub randomly faib paj rwb thickness (Ct) (dispersed theem) los tsim ib tug nanoporous qauv.Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm ntu ntu ntu thiab sib cais txo tus nqi ntawm cov khoom los ntawm kaum npaug piv rau cov khoom lag luam.Hloov kho NFRCS (tampons lossis wristbands) tuaj yeem siv rau ntau yam kev siv tshuaj lom neeg.Hauv vivo cov kev tshawb fawb tau xaus lus tias qhov tsim Cp NFRCS ua rau thiab txhim kho cov txheej txheem coagulation ntawm qhov chaw thov.NFRCS tuaj yeem hloov kho microenvironment thiab ua haujlwm ntawm qib cellular vim nws cov qauv nanoporous uas ua rau muaj kev kho mob zoo dua qub hauv cov qauv excision qhov txhab.
Kev tswj tsis tau los ntshav thaum sib ntaus sib tua, intraoperative thiab xwm txheej ceev yuav ua rau muaj kev hem thawj rau lub neej ntawm cov neeg raug mob1.Cov xwm txheej no ua rau muaj kev nce ntxiv hauv peripheral vascular tsis kam, ua rau hemorrhagic shock.Kev ntsuas tsim nyog los tswj cov ntshav thaum lub sijhawm thiab tom qab kev phais yog suav tias yuav ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau lub neej2,3.Kev puas tsuaj rau cov hlab ntsha loj ua rau poob ntshav loj, ua rau muaj kev tuag ntawm ≤ 50% hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua thiab 31% thaum phais1.Kev poob ntshav loj ua rau txo qis hauv lub cev ntim, uas txo cov ntshav siab.Kev nce hauv tag nrho peripheral vascular tsis kam thiab kev ua tsis zoo ntawm microcirculation ua rau hypoxia hauv lub cev txhawb nqa lub neej.Hemorrhagic shock tuaj yeem tshwm sim yog tias tus mob txuas ntxiv yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo 1,4,5.Lwm yam teeb meem muaj xws li kev loj hlob ntawm hypothermia thiab metabolic acidosis, nrog rau cov kab mob coagulation uas cuam tshuam cov txheej txheem coagulation.Qhov hnyav hemorrhagic shock yog txuam nrog kev pheej hmoo siab ntawm kev tuag 6,7,8.Hauv qib III (kev nce qib) kev poob siab, kev hloov ntshav yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov neeg mob muaj sia nyob thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm thiab tom qab kev phais mob thiab kev tuag.Txhawm rau kov yeej tag nrho cov xwm txheej saum toj no, peb tau tsim ib qho nanoporous fiber-reinforced composite scaffold (NFRCS) uas siv cov polymer concentration tsawg (0.5%) siv cov dej-soluble hemostatic polymers.
Nrog rau kev siv cov khoom siv fiber ntau, cov khoom siv tau zoo tuaj yeem tsim tau.Cov randomly teem fibers zoo li tus qauv ntawm ib tug dragonfly lub tis, sib npaug los ntawm kab rov tav thiab ntsug kab txaij ntawm tis.Lub transverse thiab longitudinal leeg ntawm tis sib txuas lus nrog lub tis membrane (Fig. 1).NFRCS muaj cov Ct reinforced raws li ib tug scaffold system nrog lub cev zoo thiab txhua yam muaj zog (Daim duab 1).Vim muaj kev pheej yig thiab kev siv tes ua haujlwm, cov kws phais neeg nyiam siv paj rwb xov ntsuas (Ct) thaum ua haujlwm thiab hnav khaub ncaws. Li no, txiav txim siab nws ntau yam txiaj ntsig, suav nrog> 90% crystalline cellulose (imparts hauv kev txhim kho ntawm hemostatic kev ua si), Ct tau siv los ua lub cev pob txha ntawm NFRCS9,10. Li no, txiav txim siab nws ntau yam txiaj ntsig, suav nrog> 90% crystalline cellulose (imparts hauv kev txhim kho ntawm hemostatic kev ua si), Ct tau siv los ua lub cev pob txha ntawm NFRCS9,10. Следовательно, учитывая его многочисленные преимущества, в том числе > 90% кристаллической цылуслой звучвало мостатической активности), Ct использовали в качестве скелетной системы NFRCS9,10. Yog li ntawd, muab nws cov txiaj ntsig ntau, suav nrog> 90% crystalline cellulose (koom nrog hauv kev ua kom hemostatic), Ct tau siv los ua NFRCS skeletal system9,10.因此, 考虑 到到 它 多重益处 多重益处 多重益处, 包括> 90% 结晶 纤维素 (增强 止血活性), ct 用作 ​​用作 nfrcs9,10 的 骨架 骨架 系统.因此, 考虑到它的多重益处，包括> 90%Yog li ntawd, muab nws cov txiaj ntsig ntau, suav nrog ntau dua 90% crystalline cellulose (pab txhim khu kev ua haujlwm hemostatic), Ct tau siv los ua ib qho scaffold rau NFRCS9,10.Ct tau coated superficially (nano-thick film tsim tau soj ntsuam) thiab interconnected nrog ib tug hemostatic film-forming muaj pes tsawg leeg (HFFC).HFFC ua zoo li matrigel, tuav randomly tso Ct ua ke.Tus tsim tsim kis kev nyuaj siab nyob rau hauv lub dispersed theem (txhim kho fibers).Nws yog qhov nyuaj kom tau txais cov qauv nanoporous nrog lub zog zoo siv lub zog siv cov khoom siv polymer tsawg.Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tsis yooj yim rau kev kho cov pwm sib txawv rau kev siv biomedical sib txawv.
Daim duab qhia txog daim duab ntawm NFRCS tsim raws li tus qauv kab ntsig kab (A).Daim duab no qhia txog kev sib piv ntawm cov qauv tis ntawm tus kab npauj npaim (kev sib tshuam thiab cov leeg ntev ntawm lub tis yog sib cuam tshuam) thiab ib qho kev sib txuas ntawm photomicrograph ntawm Cp NFRCS (B).Schematic sawv cev ntawm NFRCS.
NFRCs tau tsim los siv HFFC raws li theem txuas ntxiv los daws cov kev txwv saum toj no.HFFC yog tsim los ntawm ntau cov yeeb yaj kiab-tsim hemostatic polymers nrog rau chitosan (raws li lub ntsiab hemostatic polymer) nrog methylcellulose (MC), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC 50 cp) thiab polyvinyl cawv (PVA)) (125 kDa) ua ib qho kev txhawb nqa polymer uas txhawb kev tsim cov thrombus.tsim.Qhov sib ntxiv ntawm polyvinylpyrrolidine K30 (PVP K30) txhim kho cov dej noo nqus ntawm NFRCS.Polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400) tau ntxiv los txhim kho polymer crosslinking hauv kev sib raug zoo polymer sib xyaw.Peb qhov sib txawv ntawm HFFC hemostatic compositions (Cm HFFC, Ch HFFC thiab Cp HFFC), uas yog chitosan nrog MC (Cm), chitosan nrog HPMC (Ch), thiab chitosan nrog PVA (Cp), tau siv rau Ct.Ntau yam hauv vitro thiab hauv vivo kev tshawb fawb txog tus cwj pwm tau lees paub qhov hemostatic thiab qhov txhab kho ntawm NFRCS.Cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw uas muaj los ntawm NFRCS tuaj yeem siv los kho ntau hom scaffolding kom tau raws li cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb.
Tsis tas li ntawd, NFRCS tuaj yeem hloov kho raws li daim ntaub qhwv los yog yob kom npog tag nrho qhov chaw raug mob ntawm lub cev sab nraud thiab lwm qhov ntawm lub cev.Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau kev sib ntaus sib tua limb raug mob, tus qauv tsim NFRCS tuaj yeem hloov mus rau ib nrab sab caj npab lossis tag nrho ceg (Cov Duab Ntxiv S11).NFRCS tuaj yeem ua rau hauv lub dab teg nrog cov ntaub so ntswg, uas tuaj yeem siv los tiv thaiv los ntshav los ntawm kev raug mob dab teg hnyav.Peb lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog tsim kom muaj NFRCS nrog cov polymer me me li sai tau uas tuaj yeem xa mus rau cov pej xeem coob (hauv qab kab kev txom nyem) thiab tuaj yeem muab tso rau hauv cov khoom siv pab thawj zaug.Yooj yim, ua tau zoo, thiab kev lag luam hauv kev tsim, NFRCS muaj txiaj ntsig rau cov zej zog hauv zos thiab tuaj yeem muaj kev cuam tshuam thoob ntiaj teb.
Chitosan (molecular hnyav 80 kDa) thiab amaranth tau yuav los ntawm Merck, Is Nrias teb.Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 50 Cp, polyethylene glycol 400 thiab methylcellulose tau yuav los ntawm Loba Chemie Pvt.LLC, Mumbai.Polyvinyl cawv (molecular hnyav 125 kDa) (87-90% hydrolysed) tau yuav los ntawm National Chemicals, Gujarat.Polyvinylpyrrolidine K30 tau yuav los ntawm Molychem, Mumbai, sterile swabs tau yuav los ntawm Ramaraju Surgery Cotton Mills Ltd., Tamil Nadu, nrog Milli Q dej (Direct-Q3 dej purification system, Merck, India) ua tus nqa khoom.
NFRCS tau tsim los siv txoj kev lyophilization11,12.Tag nrho cov HFFC cov khoom xyaw (Table 1) tau npaj siv lub tshuab stirrer.Npaj 0.5% kev daws ntawm chitosan siv 1% acetic acid hauv dej los ntawm kev nplawm tas li ntawm 800 rpm ntawm lub tshuab stirrer.Qhov hnyav ntawm cov khoom siv polymer uas tau teev tseg hauv Table 1 tau ntxiv rau cov tshuaj chitosan thiab nplawm kom txog thaum tau txais cov tshuaj ntshiab polymer.PVP K30 thiab PEG 400 tau ntxiv rau qhov sib xyaw ua ke hauv cov nyiaj tau teev tseg hauv Table 1, thiab nplawm txuas ntxiv mus kom txog thaum tau txais cov kua nplaum ntshiab.Lub resulting da dej ntawm cov tshuaj polymer yog sonicated rau 60 feeb kom tshem tawm cov cua npuas los ntawm cov polymer sib tov.Raws li qhia hauv Daim Duab Ntxiv S1(b), Ct tau muab faib ua ib qho sib npaug hauv txhua lub qhov dej ntawm 6-zoo phaj (pwm) ntxiv nrog 5 ml ntawm HFFC.
Lub phaj rau lub qhov dej tau sonicated rau 60 min kom ua tiav cov ntaub ntub dej thiab kev faib tawm ntawm HFFC hauv Ct network.Tom qab ntawd khov lub phaj rau lub qhov dej ntawm -20 ° C rau 8-12 teev.Cov phaj khov khov tau lyophilized rau 48 teev kom tau txais ntau yam qauv ntawm NFRCS.Cov txheej txheem tib yam yog siv los tsim cov duab sib txawv thiab cov qauv, xws li tampons lossis cylindrical tampons, lossis lwm yam duab rau kev siv sib txawv.
Qhov hnyav hnyav chitosan (80 kDa) (3%) yog yaj hauv 1% acetic acid siv cov hlau nplaum sib nqus.Rau qhov kev daws teeb meem ntawm chitosan tau ntxiv 1% PEG 400 thiab nplawm rau 30 feeb.Ncuav cov tshuaj tov rau hauv ib lub thawv square lossis lub thawv thiab khov ntawm -80 ° C rau 12 teev.Cov qauv khov khov tau lyophilized rau 48 teev kom tau txais Cs13 ntxeem tau.
Tus tsim NFRCS tau raug kev sim siv Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) (Shimadzu 8400 s FTIR, Tokyo, Nyiv) kom paub meej tias cov tshuaj sib raug zoo ntawm chitosan nrog lwm cov polymers14,15.FTIR spectra (dav ntawm cov spectral ntau ntawm 400 mus rau 4000 cm-1) ntawm tag nrho cov qauv kuaj tau los ntawm kev ua 32 scans.
Tus nqi nqus ntshav (BAR) rau tag nrho cov formulations tau soj ntsuam siv txoj kev piav qhia los ntawm Chen li al.16 nrog kev hloov kho me ntsis.Cov tsim NFRKs ntawm tag nrho cov compositions tau qhuav nyob rau hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev qhov cub ntawm 105 ° C thaum hmo ntuj kom tshem tawm cov residual hnyav.30 mg NFRCS (pib piv txwv qhov hnyav - W0) thiab 30 mg Ct (zoo tswj) tau muab tso rau hauv nyias cov tais diav uas muaj premix ntawm 3.8% sodium citrate.Thaum lub sijhawm teem tseg, piv txwv li 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 thiab 60 vib nas this, NFRCS raug tshem tawm thiab lawv qhov chaw ntxuav ntawm cov ntshav tsis nqus los ntawm kev tso cov qauv ntawm Ct rau 30 vib nas this.Qhov hnyav kawg ntawm cov ntshav nqus los ntawm NFRCS 16 tau txiav txim siab (W1) ntawm txhua lub sijhawm.Xam qhov feem pua ​​​​BAR siv cov qauv hauv qab no:
Lub sijhawm ntshav txhaws (BCT) tau txiav txim siab raws li qhia los ntawm Wang et al.17.Lub sij hawm xav tau rau tag nrho cov ntshav (cov ntshav nas premixed nrog 3.8% sodium citrate) kom khov nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm NFRCS yog xam raws li BCT ntawm cov qauv kuaj.Ntau yam NFRCS Cheebtsam (30 mg) tau muab tso rau hauv 10 ml ntsia hlau hau vials thiab incubated ntawm 37 ° C.Ntshav (0.5 ml) tau ntxiv rau hauv vial thiab 0.3 ml ntawm 0.2 M CaCl2 tau ntxiv los ua kom cov ntshav coagulation.Thaum kawg, thim rov qab lub vial txhua 15 vib nas this (txog 180 °) kom txog thaum cov ntaub ntawv khov kho.BCT ntawm tus qauv yog kwv yees los ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm flips vails17,18.Raws li BCT, ob qhov kev pom zoo los ntawm NFRCS Cm, Ch thiab Cp tau raug xaiv rau kev tshawb fawb ntxiv.
BCT ntawm Ch NFRCS thiab Cp NFRCS cov txheej txheem tau txiav txim siab los ntawm kev siv cov txheej txheem piav qhia los ntawm Li et al.19.Muab 15 x 15 mm2 Ch NFRCS, Cp NFRCS, thiab Cs (zoo tswj) rau hauv Petri tais cais (37 ° C).Cov ntshav uas muaj 3.8% sodium citrate tau tov nrog 0.2 M CaCl2 hauv 10: 1 ntim piv los pib cov txheej txheem ntshav txhaws.20 µl ntawm 0.2 M CaCl2 nas cov ntshav sib tov tau siv rau hauv cov qauv saum npoo thiab muab tso rau hauv ib lub tais Petri.Kev tswj hwm yog ntshav nchuav rau hauv cov tais diav Petri uas tsis muaj Ct.Thaum lub sij hawm tas li ntawm 0, 3, thiab 5 feeb, tsis txhob txhaws los ntawm kev ntxiv 10 ml ntawm deionized (DI) dej rau cov qauv uas muaj cov tais diav uas tsis cuam tshuam cov hlab ntsha.Uncoagulated erythrocytes (erythrocytes) tau txais hemolysis nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm deionized dej thiab tso hemoglobin.Hemoglobin ntawm lub sijhawm sib txawv (HA(t)) tau ntsuas ntawm 540 nm (λmax hemoglobin) siv lub UV-Vis spectrophotometer.Kev nqus tag nrho ntawm hemoglobin (AH(0)) hauv 0 min ntawm 20 µl ntawm cov ntshav hauv 10 ml ntawm dej deionized tau muab coj los ua tus qauv siv.Tus txheeb ze hemoglobin uptake (RHA) ntawm cov ntshav coagulated yog xam los ntawm qhov piv ntawm HA(t)/HA(0) siv tib cov ntshav.
Siv cov tshuaj ntsuam xyuas kev ntxhib los mos (Texture Pro CT V1.3 Tsim 15, Brookfield, USA), cov khoom nplaum ntawm NFRK rau cov ntaub so ntswg puas lawm.Nias lub tais qhib-hauv qab cylindrical tiv thaiv sab hauv ntawm daim tawv nqaij nqaij npuas (tsis muaj txheej roj).Cov qauv (Ch NFRCS thiab Cp NFRCS) tau siv los ntawm cannula rau hauv cylindrical pwm los tsim adhesion rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntawm npua.Tom qab 3 feeb incubation ntawm chav tsev kub (RT) (25 ° C.), NFRCS nplaum lub zog tau sau tseg ntawm tus nqi tas li ntawm 0.5 mm / sec.
Lub ntsiab feature ntawm phais sealants yog ua kom cov ntshav txhaws thaum txo cov ntshav poob.Lossless coagulation nyob rau hauv NFRCS raug soj ntsuam siv ib tug yav tas los txoj kev luam tawm nrog me ntsis kev hloov kho 19 .Ua ib lub raj microcentrifuge (2 ml) (sab hauv txoj kab uas hla 10 mm) nrog lub qhov 8 × 5 mm2 ntawm ib sab ntawm lub centrifuge raj ( sawv cev rau lub qhov txhab qhib).NFRCS yog siv los kaw qhov qhib thiab daim kab xev yog siv los kaw cov npoo sab nrauv.Ntxiv 20 µl ntawm 0.2 M CaCl2 rau lub microcentrifuge raj uas muaj 3.8% sodium citrate premix.Tom qab 10 feeb, cov hlab microcentrifuge raug tshem tawm ntawm lub lauj kaub tais diav thiab qhov nce hauv qhov loj ntawm cov tais diav tau txiav txim siab vim yog cov ntshav tawm ntawm NFRK (n = 3).Cov ntshav poob Ch NFRCS thiab Cp NFRCS tau muab piv nrog Cs.
Kev ncaj ncees ntub dej ntawm NFRCS tau txiav txim siab raws li txoj kev piav qhia los ntawm Mishra thiab Chaudhary21 nrog kev hloov kho me me.Muab NFRCS tso rau hauv 100 ml Erlenmeyer lub hwj nrog 50 ml dej thiab swirl rau 60 s yam tsis tau tsim rau saum.Kev tshuaj xyuas qhov muag thiab kev ua ntej ntawm cov qauv rau kev ncaj ncees ntawm lub cev raws li kev sau.
Lub zog khi ntawm HFFC rau Ct tau kawm siv cov txheej txheem luam tawm yav dhau los nrog kev hloov kho me me.Kev ncaj ncees txheej txheej saum npoo tau raug soj ntsuam los ntawm kev nthuav tawm NFRK rau acoustic nthwv dej (sab nraud stimulus) nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm milliQ dej (Ct).Cov tsim NFRCS Ch NFRCS thiab Cp NFRCS tau muab tso rau hauv ib lub beaker uas muaj dej thiab sonicated rau 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, thiab 30 min, feem.Tom qab ziab, qhov feem pua ​​​​qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov hnyav thawj zaug thiab qhov kawg ntawm NFRCS tau siv los xam qhov feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov khoom poob (HFFC).Hauv vitro BCT ntxiv txhawb kev khi lub zog lossis poob ntawm cov ntaub ntawv saum npoo.Kev ua haujlwm ntawm HFFC khi rau Ct muab cov ntshav coagulation thiab cov txheej txheem elastic ntawm Ct22.
Lub homogeneity ntawm cov tsim NFRCS tau txiav txim los ntawm BCT ntawm cov qauv (30 mg) coj los ntawm randomly xaiv qhov chaw ntawm NFRCS.Ua raws li cov txheej txheem BCT yav dhau los los txiav txim siab ua raws NFRCS.Qhov sib thooj ntawm tag nrho tsib cov qauv ua kom muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo ib yam thiab HFFC tso rau hauv Ct mesh.
Qhov nominal blood contact area (NBCA) tau txiav txim siab raws li yav dhau los tau tshaj tawm nrog qee qhov kev hloov kho.Coagulate cov ntshav los ntawm clamping 20 µl ntawm cov ntshav ntawm ob qhov chaw ntawm Ct, Ch NFRCS, Cp NFRCS thiab Cs.Tom qab 1 teev, ob feem ntawm cov stent tau sib cais thiab manually ntsuas thaj tsam ntawm cov ntshav.Tus nqi nruab nrab ntawm peb qhov rov ua dua tau suav tias yog NBCA NFRCS19.
Kev soj ntsuam Dynamic Vapor Sorption (DVS) tau siv los ntsuas qhov ua tau zoo ntawm NFRCS kom nqus dej los ntawm ib puag ncig sab nraud lossis los ntawm qhov chaw raug mob lub luag haujlwm rau kev pib coagulation.DVS ntsuas lossis sau cov vapor uptake thiab poob hauv cov qauv gravimetrically siv qhov sib npaug ultra-sensitive nrog rau qhov daws teeb meem loj ntawm ± 0.1 µg.Ib feem ntawm vapor siab (qhov txheeb ze humidity) yog tsim los ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob hauv hluav taws xob nyob ib ncig ntawm cov qauv los ntawm kev sib xyaw cov roj saturated thiab qhuav. Raws li European Pharmacopeia cov lus qhia, raws li qhov feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov dej noo los ntawm cov qauv, cov qauv tau muab faib ua 4 pawg (0–0.012% w/w- non-hygroscopic, 0.2–2% w/w me ntsis hygroscopic, 2–15% moderately hygroscopic.3 thiab> 15% hygroscopic. Raws li European Pharmacopeia cov lus qhia, raws li qhov feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov dej noo los ntawm cov qauv, cov qauv tau muab faib ua 4 pawg (0–0.012% w/w- non-hygroscopic, 0.2–2% w/w me ntsis hygroscopic, 2–15 % moderately hygroscopic.15% heev), thiab > hygroscopic.Raws li cov lus pom zoo ntawm European Pharmacopoeia, nyob ntawm qhov feem pua ​​​​ntawm kev nqus dej los ntawm cov qauv, cov qauv tau muab faib ua 4 pawg (0-0.012% w / w - non-hygroscopic, 0.2-2% w / w me ntsis hygroscopic, 2- kaum tsib%).% умеренно гигроскопичен и > 15% очень гигроскопичен)23. % hygroscopic nruab nrab thiab> 15% hygroscopic heev) 23.根据欧洲药典指南，根据样品吸收水分的百分比，样品分为4 类（0-0.012% w/w- 幀吽、2%吸湿性、2-15% 适度吸湿,> 15% 非常吸湿）23.根据 欧洲 药典 指南 ， 根据 吸收 水分的百分比 样品分为 分为 分为 帀 0 (-0. 、 、 、 、 0.2-2% W / w 轻微 、 2-15% 适度吸湿 ，> 15% 非常吸湿）23.Raws li cov lus pom zoo ntawm European Pharmacopoeia, cov qauv muab faib ua 4 chav kawm nyob ntawm qhov feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov dej noo absorbed los ntawm cov qauv (0-0.012% los ntawm qhov hnyav - tsis-hygroscopic, 0.2-2% los ntawm qhov hnyav me ntsis hygroscopic, 2-15% los ntawm qhov hnyav).% умеренно гигроскопичен, > 15 % очень гигроскопичен) 23. % moderately hygroscopic, > 15% hygroscopic heev) 23.Lub hygroscopic efficiency ntawm NFCS X NFCS thiab TsN NFCS tau txiav txim siab ntawm tus ntsuas ntsuas DVS TA TGA Q5000 SA.Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm no, lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, txheeb ze av noo (RH), thiab lub sijhawm ntsuas qhov hnyav ntawm 25 ° C24 tau txais.Cov ntsiab lus noo noo yog xam los ntawm qhov tseeb NFRCS huab hwm coj tsom xam siv qhov sib npaug hauv qab no:
MC yog NFRCS cov av noo.m1 - qhuav qhov hnyav ntawm NSAIDs.m2 yog NFRCS lub sijhawm tiag tiag ntawm qhov muab RH.
Tag nrho cov cheeb tsam saum npoo tau kwv yees siv cov kev sim nitrogen adsorption nrog cov kua nitrogen tom qab tshem cov qauv ntawm 25 ° C rau 10 h (< 7 × 10-3 Torr). Tag nrho cov cheeb tsam saum npoo tau kwv yees siv cov kev sim nitrogen adsorption nrog cov kua nitrogen tom qab tshem cov qauv ntawm 25 ° C rau 10 h (< 7 × 10-3 Torr). Общая площадь поверхности оценивалась с помощью эксперимента по адсорбции азота жидким азовнотом посперимента °С в течение 10 ч (< 7 × 10–3 Торр). Tag nrho cov cheeb tsam saum npoo tau kwv yees siv cov kev sim nitrogen adsorption nrog cov kua nitrogen tom qab cov qauv tau muab tso rau ntawm 25 ° C rau 10 h (< 7 × 10-3 Torr).在25°C 清空样品10 小时（< 7 × 10-3 Torr）后，使用液氮的氮吸附实验估计总表面积.Nyob rau hauv 25 ° C Общая площадь поверхности оценивалась с использованием экспериментов по адсорбции азота жидким азсотрож по 10 часов при 25°C (< 7 × 10-3 торр). Tag nrho cov cheeb tsam saum npoo tau kwv yees siv cov kev sim nitrogen adsorption nrog cov kua nitrogen tom qab kuaj tau 10 teev ntawm 25 ° C (< 7 x 10-3 torr).Tag nrho cov cheeb tsam saum npoo av, qhov pore ntim thiab NFRCS pore loj tau txiav txim siab nrog Quantachrome los ntawm NOVA 1000e, Austria siv RS 232 software.
Npaj 5% RBCs (saline li diluent) los ntawm tag nrho cov ntshav.Tom qab ntawd hloov lub aliquot ntawm HFFC (0.25 ml) mus rau 96-zoo phaj thiab 5% RBC huab hwm coj (0.1 ml).Incubate qhov sib tov ntawm 37 ° C rau 40 feeb.Kev sib xyaw ntawm cov qe ntshav liab thiab cov ntshav liab tau suav tias yog kev tswj hwm zoo, thiab kev sib xyaw ntawm cov kua qaub thiab cov qe ntshav liab yog kev tswj tsis zoo.Hemagglutination tau txiav txim siab raws li Stajitzky nplai.Cov txheej txheem npaj muaj raws li hauv qab no: + + + + ntom granular aggregates;+ + + cov ntaub hauv qab du nrog cov npoo nkhaus;+ + cov ntaub hauv qab du nrog cov npoo tawg;+ nqaim liab rings nyob ib ncig ntawm cov npoo ntawm cov ntaub du;- (tsis zoo) discrete liab khawm 12 nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub qhov dej.
Lub hemocompatibility ntawm NFRCS tau kawm raws li tus txheej txheem ntawm International Organization for Standardization (ISO) (ISO10993-4, 1999) 26,27.Txoj kev gravimetric piav los ntawm Singh li al.Kev hloov kho me me tau ua los ntsuas kev tsim cov thrombus nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm los yog nyob rau saum npoo ntawm NFRCS.500 mg ntawm Cs, Ch NFRCS thiab Cp NFRCS tau incubated hauv phosphate buffered saline (PBS) rau 24 teev ntawm 37 ° C.Tom qab 24 teev, PBS raug tshem tawm thiab NFRCS tau kho nrog 2 ml ntawm cov ntshav uas muaj 3.8% sodium citrate.Nyob rau saum npoo ntawm NFRCS, ntxiv 0.04 ml ntawm 0.1 M CaCl2 rau cov qauv incubated.Tom qab 45 feeb, 5 ml ntawm distilled dej yog ntxiv kom tsis txhob coagulation.Coagulated ntshav nyob rau saum npoo ntawm NFRK tau kho nrog 36-38% formaldehyde tov.Cov clots tsau nrog formaldehyde tau qhuav thiab hnyav.Qhov feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov thrombosis tau kwv yees los ntawm kev suav qhov hnyav ntawm lub khob tsis muaj ntshav thiab cov qauv (kev tswj tsis zoo) thiab lub khob nrog cov ntshav (zoo tswj).
Raws li kev pom zoo thawj zaug, cov qauv tau pom nyob rau hauv lub tshuab ntsuas qhov muag kom nkag siab txog lub peev xwm ntawm HFFC txheej txheej, Ct sib cuam tshuam, thiab Ct network tsim cov pores.Cov ntu nyias ntawm Ch thiab Cp los ntawm NFRCS tau muab txiav nrog rab riam scalpel.Cov seem tau muab tso rau ntawm ib lub iav swb, npog nrog ib daim npog npog, thiab cov npoo tau tsau nrog cov kua nplaum.Cov slides npaj tau raug saib nyob rau hauv lub tshuab ntsuas qhov muag thiab cov duab raug coj los ntawm qhov sib txawv.
Polymer deposition nyob rau hauv Ct tes hauj lwm yog pom tau siv fluorescence microscopy raws li txoj kev piav los ntawm Rice li al.29. HFFC muaj pes tsawg leeg siv rau kev tsim yog tov nrog fluorescent dye (amaranth), thiab NFRCS (Ch & Cp) tau npaj raws li txoj kev tau hais dhau los. HFFC muaj pes tsawg leeg siv rau kev tsim yog tov nrog fluorescent dye (amaranth), thiab NFRCS (Ch & Cp) tau npaj raws li txoj kev tau hais dhau los.HFFC muaj pes tsawg leeg siv rau kev tsim yog tov nrog fluorescent dye (amaranth) thiab NFRCS (Ch thiab Cp) tau txais raws li txoj kev tau hais dhau los.将用于配方的HFFC 组合物与荧光染料（苋菜）混合，并按照前面提到的方法制制备 & NCS.将用于配方的HFFC 组合物与荧光染料（苋菜）混合，并按照前面提到的方法制制备 & NCS.HFFC muaj pes tsawg leeg siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim yog tov nrog fluorescent dye (Amaranth) thiab tau txais NFRCS (Ch thiab Cp), raws li tau hais ua ntej.Cov ntu nyias ntawm NFRK raug txiav los ntawm cov qauv tau txais, muab tso rau ntawm cov iav slides, thiab npog nrog cov ntawv npog.Saib cov slides npaj nyob rau hauv lub fluorescent microscope siv lub lim ntsuab (310-380 nm).Cov duab tau raug coj los ntawm 4x magnification kom nkag siab txog Ct kev sib raug zoo thiab ntau dhau polymer deposition hauv Ct network.
Qhov saum npoo ntawm NFRCS Ch thiab Cp tau txiav txim siab siv lub tshuab ntsuas atomic force microscope (AFM) nrog ultra-ntse TESP cantilever hauv tapping hom: 42 N / m, 320 kHz, ROC 2-5 nm, Bruker, Taiwan.Nto roughness tau txiav txim los ntawm lub hauv paus txhais tau tias square (RMS) siv software (Scanning Probe Image Processor).Ntau qhov chaw NFRCS tau muab tso rau ntawm 3D cov duab los kuaj xyuas qhov sib xws.Tus qauv sib txawv ntawm tus qhab nia rau ib cheeb tsam muab txhais tau tias yog qhov roughness ntawm qhov chaw.Qhov sib npaug RMS tau siv los ntsuas qhov roughness ntawm NFRCS31.
FESEM-raws li kev tshawb fawb tau ua tiav siv FESEM, SU8000, HI-0876-0003, Hitachi, Tokyo, kom nkag siab txog qhov chaw morphology ntawm Ch NFRCS thiab Cp NFRCS, uas pom zoo BCT zoo dua Cm NFRCS.Txoj kev kawm FESEM tau ua raws li txoj kev piav qhia los ntawm Zhao li al.32 nrog kev hloov kho me me.NFRCS 20 mus rau 30 mg Ch NFRCS thiab Cp NFRCS tau premixed nrog 20 µl ntawm 3.8% sodium citrate premixed nrog cov ntshav nas.20 μl ntawm 0.2 M CaCl2 tau ntxiv rau cov qauv kho cov ntshav kom pib coagulation thiab cov qauv raug incubated ntawm chav tsev kub rau 10 feeb.Tsis tas li ntawd, ntau tshaj erythrocytes raug tshem tawm ntawm NFRCS nto los ntawm kev yaug nrog saline.
Cov qauv tom ntej tau kho nrog 0.1% glutaraldehyde thiab tom qab ntawd qhuav hauv qhov cub cua kub ntawm 37 ° C kom tshem tawm cov dej noo.Cov qauv qhuav tau coated thiab tshuaj xyuas 32 .Lwm cov duab uas tau txais thaum lub sij hawm tsom xam yog cov pob txha tsim nyob rau saum npoo ntawm ib tug neeg cov paj rwb fibers, polymer deposition ntawm Ct, erythrocyte morphology (puab), clot integrity, thiab erythrocyte morphology nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm NFRCS.Tsis kho NFRCS thaj chaw thiab Ch thiab Cp kho NFRCS thaj chaw incubated nrog ntshav tau kuaj rau cov ntsiab lus ions (sodium, potassium, nitrogen, calcium, magnesium, zinc, tooj liab thiab selenium) 33.Sib piv cov ntsiab lus ion feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov qauv kho thiab tsis kho kom nkag siab txog cov ntsiab lus ion txuam nrog thaum lub sij hawm tsim cov ntshav thiab cov ntshav sib xws.
Qhov tuab ntawm Cp HFFC txheej txheej ntawm Ct nto tau txiav txim siab siv FESEM.Cov seem ntawm Cp NFRCS raug txiav los ntawm lub moj khaum thiab sputter coated.Qhov tshwm sim sputter txheej qauv raug soj ntsuam los ntawm FESEM thiab lub thickness ntawm cov txheej txheej yog ntsuas 34 , 35 , 36 .
X-ray micro-CT muab cov kev daws teeb meem siab 3D tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj thiab tso cai rau koj los kawm txog cov txheej txheem sab hauv ntawm NFRK.Micro-CT siv lub X-ray beam dhau los ntawm cov qauv los sau cov hauv zos linear attenuation coefficient ntawm X-rays hauv cov qauv, uas pab kom tau txais cov ntaub ntawv morphological.Qhov chaw sab hauv ntawm Ct hauv Cp NFRCS thiab cov ntshav kho Cp NFRCS tau kuaj xyuas los ntawm micro-CT kom nkag siab txog kev nqus tau zoo thiab cov ntshav txhaws hauv qhov muaj NFRCS37,38,39.Cov qauv 3D ntawm cov ntshav kho thiab tsis kho Cp NFRCS cov qauv tau rov tsim dua siv micro-CT (V|tome|x S240, Phoenix, Germany).Siv VG STUDIO-MAX software version 2.2, ntau cov duab X-ray tau raug coj los ntawm ntau lub ces kaum (zoo tagnrho 360 ° kev pab them nqi) los tsim 3D duab rau NFRCS.Cov ntaub ntawv sau cia tau rov ua dua tshiab rau hauv 3D volumetric dluab siv qhov sib txuam yooj yim 3D ScanIP Academic software.
Tsis tas li ntawd, txhawm rau nkag siab txog kev faib cov hlab ntshav, 20 µl ntawm premixed citrated ntshav thiab 20 µl ntawm 0.2 M CaCl2 tau ntxiv rau NFRCS txhawm rau pib ntshav txhaws.Cov qauv npaj tau tso tseg kom tawv.NFRK nto tau kho nrog 0.5% glutaraldehyde thiab ziab hauv qhov cub cua kub ntawm 30-40 ° C rau 30 min.Cov ntshav txhaws tsim ntawm NFRCS tau kuaj xyuas, rov tsim kho dua tshiab, thiab pom cov duab 3D ntawm cov ntshav txhaws.
Cov tshuaj tua kab mob tau ua tiav ntawm Cp NFRCS (zoo tshaj piv rau Ch NFRCS) siv txoj kev piav qhia yav dhau los nrog kev hloov kho me me.Cov tshuaj tua kab mob ntawm Cp NFRCS thiab Cp HFFC tau txiav txim siab siv peb yam kab mob sib txawv [S.aureus (cov kab mob gram-positive), E.coli (gram-negative bacteria) thiab dawb Candida (C.albicans)] loj hlob ntawm agar hauv Petri tais diav hauv qhov cub.Uniformly inoculate 50 ml ntawm diluted kab mob kab lis kev cai ncua kev kawm ntawv ntawm ib tug concentration ntawm 105-106 CFU ml-1 mus rau qhov nruab nrab agar.Ncuav qhov nruab nrab rau hauv lub tais Petri thiab cia nws khov kho.Cov dej tau ua rau saum npoo ntawm agar phaj los sau nrog HFFC (3 qhov dej rau HFFC thiab 1 rau kev tswj tsis zoo).Ntxiv 200 µl HFFC rau 3 qhov dej thiab 200 µl pH 7.4 PBS rau lub qhov dej thib 4.Nyob rau sab nraud ntawm lub tais petri, tso lub 12 hli Cp NFRCS disk rau ntawm cov agar solidified thiab moisten nrog PBS (pH 7.4).Ciprofloxacin, ampicillin thiab fluconazole ntsiav tshuaj yog suav tias yog cov qauv siv rau Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli thiab Candida albicans.Ntsuas thaj tsam ntawm inhibition manually thiab nqa cov duab digital ntawm thaj tsam ntawm inhibition.
Tom qab kev pom zoo ntawm lub koom haum kev ncaj ncees, txoj kev tshawb fawb tau ua nyob rau hauv Kasturba Medical College ntawm Kev Kawm thiab Kev Tshawb Fawb hauv Manipal, Karnataka, nyob rau sab qab teb Is Nrias teb.Cov txheej txheem kev sim hauv vitro TEG tau raug tshuaj xyuas thiab pom zoo los ntawm Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Ncaj Ncees ntawm Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Karnataka (IEC: 674/2020).Cov kev kawm tau raug xaiv los ntawm cov neeg pub ntshav pub dawb (hnub nyoog 18 txog 55 xyoos) los ntawm lub tsev txhab nyiaj ntshav hauv tsev kho mob.Tsis tas li ntawd, ib daim ntawv pom zoo tau txais los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm pab dawb rau kev sau cov ntshav kuaj.Native TEG (N-TEG) ​​​​yog siv los kawm txog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm Cp HFFC formulation ntawm tag nrho cov ntshav premixed nrog sodium citrate.N-TEG tau lees paub dav dav rau nws lub luag haujlwm hauv kev saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv, uas tsim teeb meem rau cov kws kho mob vim muaj peev xwm rau kev kho mob qeeb hauv cov txiaj ntsig (cov kev sim coagulation niaj hnub).Kev tshuaj xyuas N-TEG tau ua tiav siv cov ntshav tag nrho.Cov ntaub ntawv pom zoo thiab cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws txog kev kho mob tau txais los ntawm txhua tus neeg koom.Txoj kev tshawb no tsis suav nrog cov neeg koom nrog hemostatic lossis thrombotic teeb meem xws li cev xeeb tub / tom qab yug menyuam lossis kab mob siab.Cov ntsiab lus noj tshuaj uas cuam tshuam rau coagulation cascade kuj raug cais tawm ntawm txoj kev tshawb no.Cov kev kuaj sim hauv paus (hemoglobin, lub sijhawm prothrombin, activated thromboplastin thiab platelet suav) tau ua rau txhua tus neeg koom nrog raws li cov txheej txheem txheej txheem.N-TEG txiav txim siab cov ntshav txhaws viscoelasticity, thawj cov qauv ntawm cov hlab ntsha, cov khoom sib cuam tshuam, cov ntshav khov, thiab cov ntshav txhaws.Kev tshuaj xyuas N-TEG muab cov ntaub ntawv duab thiab cov lej ntawm cov teebmeem ntawm ntau lub xovtooj ntawm tes thiab ntshav.Kev tshuaj xyuas N-TEG tau ua tiav ntawm ob qhov sib txawv ntawm Cp HFFC (10 µl thiab 50 µl).Yog li ntawd, 1 ml ntawm cov ntshav tag nrho nrog citric acid tau ntxiv rau 10 μl ntawm Cp HFFC.Ntxiv 1 ml (Cp HFFC + citrated ntshav), 340 µl cov ntshav sib xyaw rau 20 µl 0.2 M CaCl2 uas muaj TEG phaj.Tom qab ntawd, TEG cov tais diav tau ntim rau hauv TEG® 5000, US ntsuas R, K, alpha lub kaum sab xis, MA, G, CI, TPI, EPL, LY 30% ntawm cov ntshav kuaj hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm Cp HFFC41.
Cov txheej txheem hauv vivo txoj kev kawm tau raug tshuaj xyuas thiab pom zoo los ntawm Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Ncaj Ncees Tsiaj (IAEC), Kasturba Tsev Kawm Ntawv Tshuaj, Manipal Institute of Higher Education, Manipal (IAEC/KMC/69/2020).Txhua qhov kev sim tsiaj tau ua raws li cov lus pom zoo ntawm Pawg Saib Xyuas Kev Tswj thiab Saib Xyuas Tsiaj Txhu (CPCSEA).Txhua qhov kev tshawb fawb hauv vivo NFRCS (2 × 2 cm2) tau ua rau poj niam Wistar nas (qhov hnyav 200 txog 250 g).Txhua tus tsiaj tau ua kom zoo ntawm qhov kub ntawm 24-26 ° C, cov tsiaj muaj kev nkag tau dawb rau cov zaub mov thiab dej ad libitum.Txhua tus tsiaj tau muab faib ua pawg sib txawv, txhua pawg muaj peb tus tsiaj.Txhua qhov kev tshawb fawb tau ua tiav raws li Kev Tshawb Fawb Tsiaj: Daim Ntawv Qhia Txog Hauv Vivo Kev sim 43 .Ua ntej txoj kev tshawb fawb, cov tsiaj tau muab tshuaj loog los ntawm intraperitoneal (ip) kev tswj hwm ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm 20-50 mg ntawm ketamine (ib 1 kg ntawm lub cev hnyav) thiab 2-10 mg ntawm xylazine (ib 1 kg ntawm lub cev hnyav).Tom qab txoj kev tshawb no, cov ntshav ntim tau muab xam los ntawm kev ntsuam xyuas qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm thawj zaug thiab zaum kawg ntawm cov qauv, qhov nruab nrab tus nqi tau los ntawm peb qhov kev ntsuam xyuas tau muab coj los ua cov ntshav ntim ntawm cov qauv.
Tus nas tail amputation qauv tau muab coj los ua kom nkag siab txog lub peev xwm ntawm NFRCS los hloov cov ntshav hauv kev raug mob, kev sib ntaus sib tua, lossis kev sib tsoo tsheb (tus qauv raug mob).Txiav tawm 50% ntawm tus Tsov tus tw nrog ib tug scalpel hniav thiab tso rau hauv huab cua rau 15 s kom ntseeg tau tias los ntshav.Tsis tas li ntawd, cov qauv kuaj tau muab tso rau ntawm tus Tsov tus tw los ntawm kev siv lub siab (Ct, Cs, Ch NFRCS thiab Cp NFRCS).Los ntshav thiab PCT tau tshaj tawm rau cov qauv kuaj (n = 3) 17,45.
Kev ua tau zoo ntawm NFRCS kev tswj xyuas siab hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua tau tshawb xyuas ntawm tus qauv ntawm cov hlab ntsha femoral superficial.Cov hlab ntsha femoral raug nthuav tawm, punctured nrog 24G trocar, thiab los ntshav hauv 15 vib nas this.Tom qab kev tswj tsis tau los ntshav tau pom, cov qauv kuaj tau muab tso rau ntawm qhov chaw puncture nrog kev siv siab.Tam sim ntawd tom qab daim ntawv thov ntawm cov qauv kuaj, lub sij hawm clotting tau kaw thiab hemostatic efficiency tau soj ntsuam rau 5 feeb tom ntej.Tib txoj kev tau rov ua dua nrog Cs thiab Ct46.
Dowling et al.47 tau npaj ib tus qauv kev raug mob rau lub siab los soj ntsuam cov peev xwm hemostatic ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hemostatic nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm intraoperative los ntshav.BCT raug kaw rau Ct cov qauv (kev tswj tsis zoo), Cs moj khaum (zoo tswj), Ch NFRCS cov qauv, thiab Cp NFRCS cov qauv.Lub suprahepatic vena cava ntawm tus nas raug nthuav tawm los ntawm kev ua qhov nruab nrab laparotomy.Tom qab ntawd, lub distal ib feem ntawm sab laug lobe raug txiav tawm nrog txiab.Ua ib qho kev phais nyob rau hauv daim siab nrog ib tug scalpel hniav thiab cia nws los ntshav rau ob peb feeb.Kev ntsuas qhov tseeb ntawm Ch NFRCS thiab Cp NFRCS cov qauv kuaj tau muab tso rau ntawm qhov chaw puas lawm yam tsis muaj qhov zoo siab thiab BCT tau sau tseg.Pab pawg tswj hwm (Ct) tom qab ntawd siv lub siab ua raws li Cs 30 s47 yam tsis tau tawg qhov raug mob.
Hauv vivo qhov txhab kho qhov txhab tau ua tiav siv tus qauv excisional qhov txhab los ntsuas lub qhov txhab kho qhov txhab ntawm cov tsim polymer-based NFRCSs.Cov qauv ntawm cov qhov txhab excisional raug xaiv thiab ua raws li kev tshaj tawm yav dhau los nrog kev hloov kho me me19,32,48.Txhua tus tsiaj tau muab tshuaj loog raws li tau piav qhia dhau los.Siv lub tshuab biopsy punch (12 hli) los ua ib txoj kab sib sib zog nqus hauv daim tawv nqaij ntawm nraub qaum.Cov qhov txhab npaj tau hnav nrog Cs (zoo tswj), Ct (paub tias cov ntaub qhwv paj rwb cuam tshuam nrog kev kho mob), Ch NFRCS thiab Cp NFRCS ( pab pawg sim) thiab kev tswj tsis zoo yam tsis muaj kev kho mob.Nyob rau txhua hnub ntawm txoj kev tshawb no, thaj tsam ntawm qhov txhab raug ntsuas hauv txhua tus nas.Siv lub koob yees duab digital los thaij duab ntawm thaj chaw qhov txhab thiab muab hnav khaub ncaws tshiab.Qhov feem pua ​​​​ntawm qhov txhab kaw tau ntsuas los ntawm cov qauv hauv qab no:
Raws li qhov feem pua ​​​​ntawm qhov txhab kaw nyob rau hnub 12 ntawm txoj kev tshawb no, cov nas ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntawm cov pab pawg zoo tshaj plaws yog excised ((Cp NFRCS) thiab pawg tswj hwm) thiab kawm los ntawm H&E staining thiab Masson's trichrome staining. Raws li qhov feem pua ​​​​ntawm qhov txhab kaw nyob rau hnub 12 ntawm txoj kev tshawb no, cov nas ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntawm cov pab pawg zoo tshaj plaws yog excised ((Cp NFRCS) thiab pawg tswj hwm) thiab kawm los ntawm H&E staining thiab Masson's trichrome staining.Raws li qhov feem pua ​​​​ntawm qhov txhab kaw nyob rau hnub 12 ntawm txoj kev tshawb no, daim tawv nqaij ntawm cov nas ntawm cov pab pawg zoo tshaj plaws ((Cp NFRCS) thiab pawg tswj hwm) tau raug tshem tawm thiab tshuaj xyuas los ntawm staining nrog hematoxylin-eosin thiab Masson's trichrome.根据研究第12天的伤口闭合百分比，切除最佳组((Cp NFRCS)和对照组）的大韉皮肤，H&E術色研究.根据研究第12天的伤口闭合百分比，切除最佳组((Cp NFRCS)和对照组）的大韠皮肤，H&E组茓)Cov nas tsuag hauv pawg zoo tshaj plaws ((Cp NFRCS) thiab pawg tswj hwm) tau raug tshem tawm rau hematoxylin-eosin staining thiab Masson's trichrome staining raws li feem pua ​​​​ntawm qhov txhab kaw rau hnub 12 ntawm txoj kev tshawb no.Cov txheej txheem staining tau ua tiav raws li tau piav qhia yav dhau los 49,50.Luv luv, tom qab kho nyob rau hauv 10% formalin, cov qauv tau dehydrated siv ib tug series ntawm graded cawv.Siv lub microtome kom tau cov ntu nyias (5 µm tuab) ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg excised.Nyias ntu ntu ntawm kev tswj hwm thiab Cp NFRCS tau kho nrog hematoxylin thiab eosin los kawm txog cov kev hloov pauv hauv histopathological.Masson's trichrome stain tau siv los txheeb xyuas qhov tsim ntawm collagen fibrils.Cov txiaj ntsig tau txais yog qhov muag tsis pom kev los ntawm pathologists.
Kev ruaj ntseg ntawm Cp NFRCS cov qauv tau kawm nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub (25 ° C ± 2 ° C / 60% RH ± 5%) rau 12 lub hlis51.Cp NFRCS (kev hloov pauv ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob microbial) tau raug kuaj pom thiab kuaj pom kev hnav tsis kam thiab BCT raws li cov txheej txheem saum toj no tau teev tseg hauv Cov Khoom Siv thiab Cov Txheej Txheem.
Qhov scalability thiab reproducibility ntawm Cp NFRCS tau tshuaj xyuas los ntawm kev npaj Cp NFRCS nrog qhov loj ntawm 15 × 15 cm2.Tsis tas li ntawd, 30 mg cov qauv (n = 5) tau raug tshem tawm los ntawm ntau yam Cp NFRCS feem thiab BCT ntawm cov qauv kawm tau raug soj ntsuam raws li tau piav qhia ua ntej hauv Tshooj Lus.
Peb tau sim tsim ntau yam duab thiab cov qauv siv Cp NFRCS compositions rau ntau yam kev siv biomedical.Xws li cov duab los yog kev teeb tsa muaj xws li conical swabs rau qhov ntswg los ntshav, cov txheej txheem kho hniav, thiab cylindrical swabs rau qhov chaw mos los ntshav.
Tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv teev yog qhia raws li qhov txhais tau tias ± tus qauv sib txawv thiab tau soj ntsuam los ntawm ANOVA siv Prism 5.03 (GraphPad, San Diego, CA, USA) ua raws li Bonferroni ntau qhov kev sib piv (* p<0.05).
Tag nrho cov txheej txheem ua tiav hauv tib neeg kev tshawb fawb tau ua raws li cov qauv ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm thiab Pawg Saib Xyuas Kev Tshawb Fawb Hauv Tebchaws, nrog rau Kev Tshaj Tawm ntawm Helsinki 1964 thiab nws cov kev hloov kho tom ntej, lossis cov qauv kev coj ua zoo sib xws.Txhua tus neeg koom tau raug ceeb toom txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm txoj kev tshawb fawb thiab nws qhov kev yeem siab.Cov ntaub ntawv koom nrog tseem tsis pub lwm tus paub thaum sau.Cov txheej txheem kev sim hauv vitro TEG tau raug tshuaj xyuas thiab pom zoo los ntawm Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Ncaj Ncees ntawm Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Karnataka (IEC: 674/2020).Cov neeg ua haujlwm pab dawb tau kos npe rau kev tso cai los sau cov ntshav.
Tag nrho cov txheej txheem ua tiav hauv kev tshawb fawb tsiaj tau ua raws li Kastuba Kws Qhia Ntawv ntawm Tshuaj, Manipal Institute of Higher Education, Manipal (IAEC/KMC/69/2020).Txhua qhov kev sim tsiaj tsim tau ua raws li cov lus qhia ntawm Pawg Saib Xyuas Kev Tswj thiab Saib Xyuas Tsiaj Txhu (CPCSEA).Txhua tus kws sau ntawv ua raws li ARRIVE cov lus qhia.
FTIR spectra ntawm tag nrho cov NFRCS tau soj ntsuam thiab muab piv nrog cov chitosan spectrum qhia hauv daim duab 2A.Cov yam ntxwv spectral peaks ntawm chitosan (tso tseg) ntawm 3437 cm-1 (OH thiab NH stretching, sib tshooj), 2945 thiab 2897 cm-1 (CH stretching), 1660 cm-1 (NH2 hom), 1589 cm-1 (N–H bending), - 115 cm (115 cm) , theem nrab hydroxyl), 993 cm-1 (stretch CO, Bo-OH) 52.53.54.Ntxiv Table S1 qhia txog FTIR NFRCS qhov nqus spectrum qhov tseem ceeb rau chitosan (tus neeg sau xov xwm), chitosan ntshiab, Cm, Ch, thiab Cp.Lub FTIR spectra ntawm tag nrho cov NFRCS (Cm, Ch thiab Cp) tau qhia tib yam cwj pwm nqus bands li ntshiab chitosan tsis muaj kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb (Fig. 2A).Cov txiaj ntsig FTIR tau lees paub qhov tsis muaj tshuaj lom neeg lossis lub cev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov polymers siv los tsim NFRCS, qhia tias cov polymers siv yog inert.
Hauv vitro characterization ntawm Cm NFRCS, Ch NFRCS, Cp NFRCS thiab Cs.(A) sawv cev rau kev sib xyaw FTIR spectra ntawm cov chitosan thiab Cm NFRCS, Ch NFRCS thiab Cp NFRCS nyob rau hauv compression.(B) a) Tag nrho cov ntshav nce siab ntawm NFRCS Cm, Ch, Cp, thiab Cg (n = 3);Cov qauv Ct tau pom tias muaj BAR siab dua vim tias cov paj rwb swab muaj qhov nqus tau zoo dua;b) Ntshav tom qab nqus ntshav Daim duab ntawm tus qauv absorbed.Cov duab sawv cev ntawm BCT ntawm cov qauv xeem C (Cp NFRCS muaj qhov zoo tshaj plaws BCT (15 s, n = 3)). Cov ntaub ntawv hauv C, D, E, thiab G tau pom tias txhais tau tias ± SD, thiab cov cim yuam kev sawv cev rau SD, ***p < 0.0001. Cov ntaub ntawv hauv C, D, E, thiab G tau pom tias txhais tau tias ± SD, thiab cov cim yuam kev sawv cev rau SD, ***p < 0.0001. Данные в C, D, E и G представлены как среднее ± стандартное отклонение, а планки погрешностей предатата , ***p <0,0001. Cov ntaub ntawv hauv C, D, E, thiab G tau nthuav tawm raws li qhov txhais tau tias ± tus qauv sib txawv, thiab cov kab yuam kev sawv cev rau tus qauv sib txawv, ***p<0.0001. C、D、E 和G 中的数据显示为平均值± SD，误差线代表SD，***p <0.0001. C、D、E 和G 中的数据显示为平均值± SD，误差线代表SD，***p <0.0001. Данные в C, D, E и G показаны как среднее значение ± стандартное отклонение, планки погрешностей пртледста yog, ***p <0,0001. Cov ntaub ntawv hauv C, D, E, thiab G tau qhia tias txhais tau tias ± tus qauv sib txawv, cov kab yuam kev sawv cev tus qauv sib txawv, *** p<0.0001.