Thaum tsim lub siab piping system, tus tsim engineer feem ntau yuav qhia meej tias cov kav dej yuav tsum ua raws li ib lossis ntau qhov ntawm ASME B31 Pressure Piping Code.Yuav ua li cas cov engineers ua raws li cov cai thaum tsim cov kav dej?
Ua ntej, tus engineer yuav tsum txiav txim siab seb tus qauv tsim yuav tsum raug xaiv.Rau cov kav dej siab, qhov no tsis tas yuav txwv rau ASME B31.Lwm cov lej muab los ntawm ASME, ANSI, NFPA, lossis lwm lub koom haum tswj hwm yuav raug tswj hwm los ntawm qhov chaw nyob, daim ntawv thov, thiab lwm yam. Hauv ASME B31, tam sim no muaj xya ntu sib cais.
ASME B31.1 Hluav Taws Xob Piping: Tshooj no suav nrog cov kav dej hauv cov chaw nres tsheb fais fab, cov chaw tsim khoom thiab cov chaw tsim khoom, cov cua sov hauv ntiaj teb, thiab hauv nruab nrab thiab hauv cheeb tsam cua sov thiab cua txias tshuab.Qhov no suav nrog boiler sab nrauv thiab tsis-boiler sab nrauv piping siv rau nruab ASME Tshooj I boilers.Qhov no tsis siv rau cov cuab yeej siv los ntawm ASME Vuam Cov Cuab Yeej Siv Hluav Taws Xob thiab lwm yam kev siv hluav taws xob qis, thiab lwm yam. tau piav nyob rau hauv nqe lus 100.1.3 ntawm ASME B31.1.Lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm ASME B31.1 tuaj yeem taug qab rov qab mus rau xyoo 1920s, nrog rau thawj tsab ntawv luam tawm xyoo 1935.Nco ntsoov tias thawj tsab ntawv, suav nrog cov ntawv ntxiv, muaj tsawg dua 30 nplooj ntawv, thiab cov nplooj ntawv ntev tam sim no tshaj 30.
ASME B31.3 Txheej Txheem Piping: Tshooj no suav nrog cov kav dej hauv cov refineries;tshuaj, tshuaj, textile, ntawv, semiconductor, thiab cryogenic nroj tsuag;thiab cuam tshuam kev ua cov nroj tsuag thiab cov terminals.Qhov seem no zoo ib yam li ASME B31.1, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum xam qhov tsawg kawg nkaus phab ntsa thickness rau cov yeeb nkab ncaj.Qhov seem no yog Ameslikas ib feem ntawm B31.1 thiab tau tso tawm thawj zaug nyob rau hauv 1959.
ASME B31.4 Pipeline Transportation Systems for Liquids and Slurry: Ntu no suav nrog cov kav dej uas thauj cov khoom ua kua feem ntau ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab cov terminals, thiab nyob rau hauv cov terminals, twj tso kua mis, txias, thiab metering chaw nres tsheb.Qhov no yog Ameslikas ib feem ntawm B31.1 thiab yog thawj zaug tso tawm nyob rau hauv 1959.
ASME B31.5 tub yees Piping thiab Heat Transfer Cheebtsam: Ntu no suav nrog cov kav dej rau cov tub yees thiab cov cua txias thib ob.Qhov no yog ib feem ntawm B31.1 thiab tau tso tawm thawj zaug hauv xyoo 1962.
ASME B31.8 Gas Transmissions and Distribution Piping Systems: Qhov no suav nrog cov kav xa mus thauj cov khoom siv roj av feem ntau ntawm cov chaw thiab cov khoom siv, suav nrog cov compressors, txias thiab ntsuas qhov chaw;thiab cov pa sib sau ua ke piping.Qhov no yog ib feem ntawm B31.1 thiab thawj zaug tso tawm sib cais hauv xyoo 1955.
ASME B31.9 Kev Pabcuam Hauv Tsev Piping: Tshooj lus no suav nrog cov kav dej uas feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv kev lag luam, chaw ua haujlwm, kev lag luam, thiab pej xeem cov tsev;thiab ntau chav tsev nyob uas tsis xav tau qhov loj, siab, thiab qhov kub thiab txias tau them rau hauv ASME B31.1.Qhov seem no zoo ib yam li ASME B31.1 thiab B31.3, tab sis tsis tshua muaj kev saib xyuas (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum xam qhov tsawg kawg nkaus phab ntsa thickness) thiab muaj cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws.Nws yog txwv rau qhov tsis tshua muaj siab, tsis tshua muaj kub daim ntawv thov raws li qhia nyob rau hauv paragraph.10.29.This yog qhia nyob rau hauv paragraph.10.29.
ASME B31.12 Hydrogen Piping thiab Piping: Tshooj no suav nrog cov kav dej hauv cov pa roj thiab cov kua dej hydrogen, thiab cov kav dej hauv gaseous hydrogen service.Qhov no yog thawj zaug luam tawm xyoo 2008.
Qhov kev tsim qauv twg yuav tsum tau siv yog qhov kawg ntawm tus tswv.Qhov kev taw qhia rau ASME B31 hais tias, "Nws yog tus tswv lub luag haujlwm los xaiv cov cai seem uas ze ze ze rau qhov kev thov cov kav dej."Qee qhov xwm txheej, "ntau cov lej lej yuav siv tau rau ntau ntu ntawm kev teeb tsa."
2012 ib tsab ntawm ASME B31.1 yuav ua tus thawj coj rau kev sib tham tom ntej.Lub hom phiaj ntawm tsab xov xwm no yog coj tus kws tsim qauv los ntawm qee cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim ASME B31 raws li cov kav dej siab.Ua raws li cov lus qhia ntawm ASME B31.1 muab cov sawv cev zoo ntawm cov qauv tsim qauv.Similar ASME B31. B31 yog siv rau hauv cov ntawv nqaim, feem ntau yog rau cov tshuab tshwj xeeb lossis cov ntawv thov, thiab yuav tsis tham ntxiv.Thaum cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem tsim yuav raug qhia rau ntawm no, qhov kev sib tham no tsis muaj tag nrho thiab cov lej ua tiav yuav tsum tau hais txog thaum lub sijhawm tsim qauv.Tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv xa mus rau ASME B31.1 tshwj tsis yog tau hais tseg.
Tom qab xaiv txoj cai kom raug, tus tsim qauv yuav tsum tau tshuaj xyuas txhua qhov kev tsim qauv tshwj xeeb.Nkag 122 (Part 6) muab cov qauv tsim muaj feem xyuam rau cov txheej txheem uas feem ntau pom hauv cov kav dej siv hluav taws xob, xws li chav dej, feedwater, blowdown thiab blowdown, instrumentation piping, and pressure relief systems.ASME B31.3 muaj cov kab lus zoo sib xws rau ASME paragraphs tab sis muaj tsawg dua nyob rau hauv cov kab lus B31s. fic siab thiab kub yuav tsum tau, nrog rau ntau yam kev cai txwv delineated ntawm lub boiler nws tus kheej, boiler sab nraud piping, thiab tsis-boiler sab nraud piping txuas nrog ASME Tshooj I boiler piping.txhais.Daim duab 2 qhia cov kev txwv ntawm lub nruas boiler.
Tus neeg tsim qauv yuav tsum txiav txim siab qhov siab thiab qhov kub thiab txias ntawm qhov system yuav ua haujlwm thiab cov xwm txheej ntawm lub kaw lus yuav tsum tau tsim kom tau raws li.
Raws li kab lus 101.2, lub siab tsim sab hauv yuav tsum tsis txhob tsawg dua qhov siab tshaj plaws ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua (MSOP) nyob rau hauv cov kav dej, suav nrog cov nyhuv ntawm lub taub hau zoo li qub.Piping raug rau sab nraud siab yuav tsum tau tsim rau qhov siab tshaj plaws sib txawv uas xav tau nyob rau hauv kev khiav hauj lwm, kaw los yog kev sim tej yam kev mob. Tsis tas li ntawd, ib puag ncig cuam tshuam yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab. cov yeeb nkab yuav tsum raug tsim los tiv thaiv sab nraud los yog ntsuas yuav tsum tau ua kom tawg lub tshuab nqus tsev.Thaum lub sijhawm uas cov dej nthuav dav tuaj yeem nce siab, cov kav dej yuav tsum tau tsim los tiv thaiv qhov siab los yog ntsuas yuav tsum tau ua kom txo qis siab.
Pib hauv Tshooj 101.3.2, cov hlau kub rau kev tsim cov kav dej yuav tsum yog tus neeg sawv cev ntawm qhov kev cia siab siab tshaj plaws.Rau qhov yooj yim, feem ntau xav tias cov hlau kub sib npaug rau cov kua dej kub.Yog xav tau, qhov nruab nrab hlau kub siv tau ntev npaum li cov phab ntsa sab nrauv yog paub.Tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau them nyiaj rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.
Feem ntau, cov neeg tsim qauv ntxiv cov npoo kev nyab xeeb rau qhov siab tshaj plaws ua haujlwm siab thiab / lossis qhov kub thiab txias.Qhov loj ntawm cov npoo yog nyob ntawm daim ntawv thov.Nws tseem ceeb heev rau kev txiav txim siab cov khoom siv thaum txiav txim siab qhov kub thiab txias.Specifying siab tsim kub (ntau tshaj 750 F) yuav xav tau kev siv cov ntaub ntawv alloy ntau dua li cov qauv carbon steel ntau dua.Qhov kev ntxhov siab ntawm cov khoom siv tsuas yog siv rau cov kev ntxhov siab xwb. Qhov tseem ceeb txog 800 F.Ntawm ntev ntawm cov pa roj carbon steel rau qhov kub siab tshaj 800 F tuaj yeem ua rau cov yeeb nkab carbonize, ua rau nws nkig thiab ua rau tsis ua haujlwm.Yog tias ua haujlwm siab tshaj 800 F, qhov nrawm nrawm cuam tshuam nrog carbon steel yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab.Saib nqe lus 124 rau kev sib tham tag nrho ntawm cov khoom kub txwv.
Qee lub sij hawm cov engineers kuj tseem tuaj yeem hais qhia qhov kev sim siab rau txhua qhov system.Pab 137 muab kev taw qhia txog kev ntsuas kev ntxhov siab. Feem ntau, kev ntsuas hydrostatic yuav raug teev nyob rau ntawm 1.5 npaug ntawm qhov tsim siab;Txawm li cas los xij, lub hoop thiab longitudinal stresses nyob rau hauv cov kav dej yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau tshaj 90% ntawm lub zog tawm los ntawm cov khoom nyob rau hauv nqe lus 102.3.3 (B) thaum lub sij hawm lub siab test.Rau qee qhov uas tsis yog-boiler sab nraud piping systems, in-service to testing tej zaum yuav yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo dua ntawm kev kuaj xyuas cov dej xau vim muaj teeb meem hauv kev sib cais los ntawm cov txheej txheem yooj yim, vim qhov yooj yim ntawm kev sib cais ntawm cov kav dej.Pom zoo, qhov no tau txais.
Thaum tsim cov qauv tsim, cov kav dej tuaj yeem raug teev tseg.Qhov thawj qhov yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab yog siv cov khoom siv dab tsi.Raws li tau hais ua ntej, cov khoom sib txawv muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias.Pa kab lus 105 muab kev txwv ntxiv rau ntau yam piping cov ntaub ntawv. Cov khoom xaiv kuj yog nyob ntawm cov kua dej, xws li siv cov nickel alloys hauv corrosive chemical piping applications, siv gre stainless hlau los xa cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide ntau tshaj li 0%). flow-accelerated corrosion.Flow Accelerated Corrosion (FAC) yog ib qho erosion/corrosion phenomenon uas tau pom tias ua rau cov phab ntsa hnyav thinning thiab cov yeeb nkab tsis ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv qee qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws piping systems.Failure xav kom thinning ntawm cov kav dej twj tso kua mis muaj peev xwm thiab tau muaj teeb meem loj, xws li nyob rau hauv 2007 fais fab tuag cov neeg ua hauj lwm cov kav dej thiab cov yeeb nkab tsis ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ib co ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws piping systems. raug mob peb.
Equation 7 thiab Equation 9 nyob rau hauv nqe lus 104.1.1 txhais qhov tsawg kawg nkaus uas yuav tsum tau phab ntsa thickness thiab siab tshaj plaws internal tsim siab, feem, rau cov yeeb nkab ncaj qha mus rau sab hauv siab.Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov kab zauv no suav nrog qhov siab tshaj plaws kev ntxhov siab (los ntawm Yuav Tsum Siv Cov Ntawv Ntxiv A), sab nraud txoj kab uas hla ntawm cov yeeb nkab, cov khoom tseem ceeb (raws li qhia nyob rau hauv Table 104 (raws li tau teev tseg)) v1. ariables koom nrog, qhia txog cov khoom siv piping uas tsim nyog, nominal txoj kab uas hla, thiab phab ntsa thickness tuaj yeem yog cov txheej txheem rov ua dua uas tseem tuaj yeem suav nrog kev tshaj tawm cov dej, kev poob siab, thiab cov kav dej thiab cov nqi siv hluav taws xob.Txawm li cas ntawm daim ntawv thov, qhov tsawg kawg nkaus phab ntsa thickness yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas.
Cov nyiaj pub ntxiv thickness yuav raug ntxiv los them rau ntau yam xws li FAC.Cov nyiaj pub dawb yuav tsum tau vim yog tshem tawm cov xov, qhov, thiab lwm yam khoom uas yuav tsum tau ua rau cov neeg kho tshuab cov pob qij txha.Raws li nqe lus 102.4.2, qhov nyiaj tsawg kawg nkaus yuav tsum sib npaug ntawm cov xov qhov tob ntxiv rau kev siv lub tshuab ua haujlwm ntev.Kev tso cai kuj tseem yuav tsum tau ua kom tsis txhob muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov kav dej ntau dhau, lossis kev puas tsuaj rau cov kav dej ntau dhau. loads los yog lwm yam ua rau tham nyob rau hauv nqe lus 102.4.4.Cov nyiaj pab kuj yuav muab ntxiv rau account rau welded pob qij txha (nqe 102.4.3) thiab luj tshib (nqe lus 102.4.5).Thaum kawg, kam rau ua yuav muab ntxiv rau compensate rau corrosion thiab/los yog yaig.Lub thickness ntawm cov khoom no yuav tsum tau raws li qhov kev cia siab ntawm tus tsim thiab discreet lub neej. 102.4.1 ib.
Optional Annex IV muab kev taw qhia txog kev tiv thaiv corrosion.Cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv cathodic, thiab kev sib cais hluav taws xob (xws li insulating flanges) yog txhua txoj hauv kev tiv thaiv sab nraud corrosion ntawm faus lossis submerged pipelines.Corrosion inhibitors lossis liners tuaj yeem siv los tiv thaiv corrosion hauv tsev.Care kuj yuav tsum tau siv los siv hydrostatic testing dej ntawm qhov tsim nyog, kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm cov dej hauv qab dej, yog tias tsim nyog.
Qhov tsawg kawg nkaus cov yeeb nkab phab ntsa thickness los yog lub sij hawm yuav tsum tau rau yav dhau los xam tej zaum yuav tsis tas mus li nyob rau hauv cov yeeb nkab txoj kab uas hla thiab tej zaum yuav tsum tau specifications rau txawv lub sij hawm rau txawv diameters.Appropriate sij hawm thiab phab ntsa thickness qhov tseem ceeb yog txhais nyob rau hauv ASME B36.10 Welded thiab Seamless Forged Steel Pipe.
Thaum qhia txog cov khoom siv yeeb nkab thiab ua raws li cov lus qhia yav dhau los, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom ntseeg tau tias qhov siab tshaj plaws kev ntxhov siab qhov tseem ceeb siv hauv kev suav nrog cov khoom siv tau teev tseg.Piv txwv li, yog A312 304L stainless hlau yeeb nkab tsis raug teev tseg es tsis yog A312 304 stainless hlau yeeb nkab, phab ntsa thickness muab cov khoom siv tsis txaus, zoo li ob txoj kev nyuaj siab. kev tsim cov yeeb nkab yuav tsum tau teev kom tsim nyog.Piv txwv li, yog tias qhov siab tshaj plaws tso cai rau kev ntxhov siab rau cov yeeb nkab seamless yog siv rau kev suav, cov yeeb nkab seamless yuav tsum tau teev tseg.Lwm yam, cov chaw tsim khoom / installer yuav muab cov seam welded yeeb nkab, uas yuav ua rau cov phab ntsa tsis txaus vim qhov qis tshaj qhov tso cai rau kev ntxhov siab.
Piv txwv li, piv txwv li qhov tsim kub ntawm cov raj xa dej yog 300 F thiab qhov tsim siab yog 1,200 psig.2 "thiab 3".Carbon steel (A53 Qib B seamless) hlau yuav raug siv.Txhim kho cov kav dej kom tsim nyog kom tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm ASME B31.1 Equation 9.First, cov qauv tsim yog
Tom ntej no, txiav txim siab qhov siab tshaj plaws kev ntxhov siab qhov tseem ceeb rau A53 Qib B ntawm cov qauv tsim saum toj no los ntawm Table A-1.Nco ntsoov tias tus nqi ntawm cov yeeb nkab seamless siv vim tias cov yeeb nkab seamless tau teev tseg:
Thickness pub kuj yuav tsum tau ntxiv.Rau daim ntawv thov no, 1/16 nti.Corrosion pub yog assumed.Ib cais milling kam rau ua yuav muab ntxiv tom qab.
3 nti.Cov yeeb nkab yuav raug teev tseg ua ntej.Puas yog Teem caij 40 yeeb nkab thiab 12.5% ​​​​milling kam rau ua, xam qhov siab tshaj plaws:
Teem sijhawm 40 yeeb nkab txaus siab rau 3 ntiv tes.tube hauv cov qauv tsim tau teev saum toj no.Tom ntej no, kos 2 ntiv tes.Cov raj xa dej siv tib qhov kev xav:
2 nti.Raws li cov qauv tsim tau teev tseg saum toj no, cov kav dej yuav xav tau cov phab ntsa tuab dua li Teem caij 40.Sim 2 ntiv tes.Schedule 80 Pipes:
Thaum cov yeeb nkab phab ntsa tuab feem ntau yog qhov txwv ntawm kev tsim siab, nws tseem ceeb heev kom paub tseeb tias cov fittings, cov khoom siv thiab kev sib txuas siv tau tsim nyog rau cov qauv tsim.
Raws li txoj cai dav dav, raws li nqe lus 104.2, 104.7.1, 106 thiab 107, tag nrho cov li qub, fittings thiab lwm yam khoom siv siab uas tsim los rau cov qauv teev tseg hauv Table 126.1 yuav tsum suav tias tsim nyog rau kev siv raws li kev ua haujlwm ib txwm muaj lossis qis dua cov qauv siab-kub qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas yuav tsum tau teev nyob rau hauv cov kev txwv tsis pub dhau los ntawm cov tuam txhab tsim khoom. Kev ua haujlwm ib txwm muaj tshaj li qhov tau teev tseg hauv ASME B31.1, cov kev txwv nruj dua yuav tsum siv.
Nyob rau hauv cov yeeb nkab kev sib tshuam, tees, transverses, crosses, ceg welded pob qij txha, thiab lwm yam., tsim raws li cov qauv teev nyob rau hauv Table 126.1 yog pom zoo.Qee zaum, pipeline kev sib tshuam tej zaum yuav tsum tau tshwj xeeb ceg kev sib txuas.Pa kab 104.3.1 muab cov kev cai ntxiv rau cov ceg sib txuas kom ntseeg tau tias muaj cov kav dej txaus los tiv thaiv lub siab.
Txhawm rau kom yooj yim rau kev tsim, tus tsim qauv yuav xaiv los teeb tsa cov qauv tsim kom siab dua kom tau raws li qhov flange ntsuam xyuas ntawm cov chav kawm siab (xws li ASME chav kawm 150, 300, thiab lwm yam) raws li tau hais tseg los ntawm chav kawm siab-kub rau cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb uas tau teev tseg hauv ASME B16 .5 Cov yeeb nkab flange thiab flange pob qij txha, lossis cov qauv zoo sib xws tau teev nyob rau hauv Table 126 tsis tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qhov ntev ntawm cov khoom siv no. tsim.
Ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim cov kav dej yog ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov txheej txheem kev ncaj ncees ntawm cov kav dej raug tswj xyuas thaum muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub siab, qhov kub thiab txias thiab sab nraud quab yuam.System kev ncaj ncees feem ntau raug saib xyuas hauv cov txheej txheem tsim thiab, yog tias tsis ua tiav zoo, tuaj yeem yog ib qho ntawm cov nqi kim tshaj ntawm cov qauv tsim. Cov qauv kev ntseeg siab yog ob qho kev sib tham. thiab Nqe 119: Kev nthuav dav thiab yoog raws.
Nqe lus 104.8 teev cov qauv cai yooj yim uas siv los txiav txim seb puas muaj cov kav dej ntau tshaj li cov cai uas tso cai rau kev ntxhov siab.Cov kab lus sib npaug no feem ntau hu ua kev thauj khoom tas mus li, qee zaus loads, thiab cov khoom xa tawm.Sustained loads yog qhov cuam tshuam ntawm lub siab thiab qhov hnyav ntawm cov kav dej.Incidental loads yog nruam loads ntxiv rau lub sij hawm luv luv loads, se. Txhua qhov teeb meem uas siv los yuav tsis ua rau lwm qhov teeb meem loads tib lub sijhawm, yog li txhua qhov teeb meem load yuav yog cov ntaub ntawv sib cais thaum lub sij hawm tsom xam. Cov khoom tawg yog qhov cuam tshuam ntawm thermal kev loj hlob, cov cuab yeej hloov chaw thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, lossis lwm yam khoom xa tuaj.
Nqe lus 119 tham txog yuav ua li cas los tuav cov yeeb nkab nthuav dav thiab yooj yim hauv cov kav dej thiab yuav ua li cas los txiav txim siab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv loads.Flexibility ntawm cov kav dej feem ntau yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom sib txuas, vim tias feem ntau cov cuab yeej sib txuas tsuas tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm lub zog thiab lub sijhawm siv ntawm qhov sib txuas.
Txhawm rau ua kom yooj yim ntawm cov kav dej thiab kom ntseeg tau tias lub kaw lus tau txais kev txhawb nqa zoo, nws yog qhov zoo rau kev txhawb nqa cov kav hlau steel raws li Table 121.5.Yog tias tus tsim qauv siv zog ua kom tau raws li tus qauv kev txhawb nqa rau lub rooj no, nws ua tiav peb yam: txo qhov hnyav ntawm tus kheej deflection, txo qhov kev txhawb nqa muaj nyob rau hauv qhov chaw 12. 1.5, nws feem ntau yuav ua rau tsawg dua 1/8 nti ntawm tus kheej qhov hnyav txav los yog sag.nruab nrab ntawm lub raj txhawb nqa.Minimizing nws tus kheej qhov hnyav deflection yuav pab txo qis lub caij nyoog ntawm condensation nyob rau hauv cov kav dej nqa chav los yog gas.Ua raws li cov lus pom zoo nyob rau hauv Table 121.5 kuj tso cai rau tus tsim kom txo tau tus nqi ntawm 5% According kev nyuaj siab. mus rau Equation 1B, qhov tso cai rau kev ntxhov siab rau kev xaav loads yog inversely cuam tshuam nrog sustained loads.Yog li ntawd, los ntawm minimizing lub sustained load, lub displacement kev nyuaj siab kam rau ua tau maximized.Qhov pom zoo spacing rau cov yeeb nkab txhawb nqa yog qhia nyob rau hauv daim duab 3.
Txhawm rau pab kom ntseeg tau tias cov kav dej tiv thaiv kev thauj khoom raug txiav txim siab zoo thiab cov lej kev ntxhov siab tau ntsib, ib txoj hauv kev yog ua lub khoos phis tawj-pab cov kav dej ntsuas kev ntxhov siab ntawm lub system.Muaj ntau ntau qhov sib txawv pipeline kev ntxhov siab software pob khoom muaj, xws li Bentley AutoPIPE, Intergraph Caesar II, Piping Solutions Tri-Flex, los yog ib qho ntawm lwm yam kev lag luam muaj cov pob khoom siv lub tshuab ua kom zoo dua. cov kav dej rau kev tshawb xyuas yooj yim thiab muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj kev hloov pauv tsim nyog rau kev teeb tsa.Daim duab 4 qhia txog qhov piv txwv ntawm kev ua qauv thiab kev tshuaj xyuas ib ntu ntawm cov kav dej.
Thaum tsim cov txheej txheem tshiab, cov neeg tsim qauv feem ntau qhia meej tias tag nrho cov kav dej thiab cov khoom siv yuav tsum tau tsim, welded, sib sau ua ke, thiab lwm yam raws li qhov yuav tsum tau siv los ntawm cov cai twg los xij.Txawm li cas los xij, hauv qee qhov kev rov ua dua lossis lwm yam kev siv, nws yuav muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau tus kws tsim qauv los muab kev qhia txog qee yam kev tsim khoom, raws li tau piav qhia hauv Tshooj V.
Ib qho teeb meem tshwm sim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv thov retrofit yog weld preheat ( kab lus 131) thiab kev kho cua sov tom qab vuam ( kab lus 132 ). Ntawm lwm cov txiaj ntsig, cov kev kho cua sov no yog siv los txo kev ntxhov siab, tiv thaiv kev tawg, thiab ua kom lub zog vuam ntau dua. Cov khoom uas cuam tshuam rau kev kho cua sov ua ntej thiab tom qab vuam cov kev cai muaj xws li, tab sis tsis txwv rau, cov khoom hauv qab no: Pmistry ntawm cov txiv neej thiab cov thickness ntawm cov khoom siv. datory Appendix A muaj tus lej P.Rau preheating, kab lus 131 muab qhov ntsuas qhov tsawg kawg nkaus uas lub hauv paus hlau yuav tsum tau rhuab ua ntej welding tuaj yeem tshwm sim.Rau PWHT, Table 132 muab qhov ntsuas kub thiab ntev ntawm lub sijhawm tuav lub weld cheeb tsam.Heating thiab txias npaum li cas, ntsuas qhov kub thiab txias txoj kev, cua sov cov txheej txheem, thiab lwm yam txheej txheem yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov txheej txheem nruj heev. ua tsis tau zoo rau kev kho cua sov.
Lwm qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm kev txhawj xeeb hauv cov kav dej siab yog cov yeeb nkab khoov.Bending kav yuav ua rau cov phab ntsa thinning, ua rau cov phab ntsa tsis txaus.Raws li cov nqe lus 102.4.5, cov cai tso cai khoov kom ntev li ntev raws li qhov tsawg kawg nkaus phab ntsa thickness txaus siab rau tib cov qauv siv los xam cov phab ntsa thickness tsawg kawg nkaus rau cov kav dej ncaj nraim.Typically ntxiv 4.0. duction pub rau txawv radii.Bends kuj yuav tsum tau pre-bending thiab/los yog tom qab-bending thaum tshav kub kub kev kho mob.Pa nqe 129 muab kev taw qhia ntawm kev tsim cov luj tshib.
Rau ntau cov kav dej siab, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau nruab ib lub valve kev nyab xeeb los yog nyem valve los tiv thaiv overpressure nyob rau hauv lub system.Rau cov ntawv thov no, cov kev xaiv ntawm Appendix II: Safety Valve Installation Rules yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev tab sis tej zaum me ntsis-paub kev pab.
Raws li kab lus II-1.2, kev nyab xeeb li qub yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev qhib siab qhib rau kev pabcuam roj lossis chav ua haujlwm, thaum lub valve muaj kev nyab xeeb qhib rau cov dej ntws zoo li qub thiab feem ntau yog siv rau kev pabcuam ua kua.
Kev nyab xeeb valve units yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm seb lawv puas qhib lossis kaw cov pa tawm. Hauv qhov qhib qhov tso pa tawm, lub luj tshib ntawm qhov hluav taws xob ntawm qhov kev nyab xeeb valve feem ntau yuav tso rau hauv cov yeeb nkab tso rau hauv huab cua. Feem ntau, qhov no yuav ua rau lub siab rov qab tsawg dua. Lub qhov hluav taws xob nyem qhov hluav taws xob vim yog cua compression nyob rau hauv lub qhov cua kab, uas yuav ua rau lub siab tsis muaj zog propagate.Nyob rau hauv kab lus II-2.2.2, nws yog pom zoo kom tus tsim lub siab ntawm lub kaw paug kab yog tsawg kawg yog ob zaug ntau dua li lub xeev ruaj khov ua hauj lwm siab.Daim duab 5 thiab 6 qhia kev ruaj ntseg valve installation qhib thiab kaw, feem.
Kev ruaj ntseg valve kev teeb tsa tej zaum yuav raug rau ntau lub zog raws li sau tseg hauv kab lus II-2.Cov rog no suav nrog cov teebmeem thermal expansion, kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm ntau lub valve venting ib txhij, seismic thiab / los yog kev vibration cuam tshuam, thiab cov teebmeem tshwm sim thaum lub siab nyem.Txawm hais tias tus qauv tsim siab mus txog qhov hluav taws xob ntawm qhov kev nyab xeeb valve yuav tsum phim lub siab tsim ntawm cov yeeb nkab nqes, qhov tsim ntawm qhov kev ruaj ntseg ntawm qhov kev tso tawm ntawm lub valve. Cov lus nug tau muab nyob rau hauv nqe lus II-2.2 rau kev txiav txim siab thiab tshaj tawm ntawm lub luj tshib tawm, tso tawm cov yeeb nkab inlet, thiab cov yeeb nkab tawm qhov hluav taws xob rau qhib thiab kaw qhov hluav taws xob.Siv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rog ntawm ntau lub ntsiab lus hauv cov pa tawm tuaj yeem suav thiab suav rau.
Ib qho teeb meem piv txwv rau daim ntawv thov tso tawm yog muab nyob rau hauv nqe lus II-7.Lwm txoj hauv kev muaj nyob rau hauv kev xam cov yam ntxwv ntws hauv cov pa tawm valve, thiab cov neeg nyeem tau ceeb toom kom paub tseeb tias cov txheej txheem siv yog kev txuag txaus.Ib txoj hauv kev tau piav qhia los ntawm GS Liao hauv "Power Plant Safety and Pressure Relief Valve Exhaust Group 7. 10 Lub Kaum Hli 2017"
Qhov chaw ntawm qhov kev nyab xeeb valve yuav tsum muaj qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm cov yeeb nkab ncaj nraim los ntawm txhua qhov khoov.Qhov kev ncua deb tsawg kawg yog nyob ntawm qhov kev pabcuam thiab geometry ntawm lub kaw lus raws li tau teev tseg hauv kab lus II-5.2.1.Rau kev teeb tsa nrog ntau lub valve, qhov pom zoo rau qhov sib txuas ntawm lub valve ceg yog nyob ntawm lub radii ntawm ceg thiab cov kav dej, raws li qhia hauv Lus Cim (10)(c) ntawm kab lus II. ping kev txhawb nqa nyob rau ntawm lub pob nyem valve tawm mus rau cov kav dej ua haujlwm es tsis yog cov qauv uas nyob ib sab kom txo qis qhov cuam tshuam ntawm thermal expansion thiab seismic kev sib tshuam.
Pom tseeb, nws tsis tuaj yeem npog tag nrho cov qauv tsim ntawm ASME B31 nyob rau hauv qhov ntawm cov kab lus no.Tab sis txhua tus kws tsim qauv tsim los koom nrog hauv kev tsim cov kav dej siab yuav tsum tsawg kawg paub txog cov qauv tsim no.Hopefully, nrog rau cov ntaub ntawv saum toj no, cov neeg nyeem yuav pom ASME B31 muaj txiaj ntsig thiab siv tau ntau dua.
Monte K. Engelkemier yog tus thawj coj ua haujlwm ntawm Stanley Consultants.Engelkemier yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm Iowa Engineering Society, NSPE, thiab ASME, thiab ua haujlwm ntawm B31.1 Hluav Taws Xob Piping Code Committee thiab Subcommittee.Nws muaj ntau tshaj 12 xyoo ntawm kev tes hauj lwm hauv piping system layout, design, bracings eva. ants.Nws muaj ntau tshaj li 6 xyoo ntawm kev tshaj lij kev tsim cov kav dej rau ntau yam kev siv hluav taws xob, hauv nroog, chaw ua haujlwm thiab cov neeg siv khoom lag luam thiab yog tus tswv cuab ntawm ASME thiab Iowa Engineering Society.
Koj puas muaj kev paub dhau los thiab kev txawj ntse ntawm cov ncauj lus uas tau hais hauv cov ntsiab lus no?Koj yuav tsum xav txog kev txhawb nqa rau peb CFE Media editorial team thiab tau txais kev lees paub koj thiab koj lub tuam txhab tsim nyog.Click here to start the process.