Q: Anyị na-na na-adịbeghị malitere ime ụfọdụ ọrụ na-achọ ka ụfọdụ components na-mere isi nke ọkwa 304 igwe anaghị agba nchara, nke a na-welded onwe ya na ka nwayọọ steel.We enwetawo ụfọdụ cracking mbipụta na igwe anaghị agba nchara na igwe anaghị agba nchara welds ruo 1.25 ″ thick.It e kwuru na anyị nwere obere ferrite Counts. Ị nwere ike ịkọwa ihe nke a bụ na otú e si edozi ya?
A: Nke a bụ ajụjụ dị mma. Ee, anyị nwere ike inyere gị aka ịghọta ihe ọnụ ọgụgụ ferrite dị ala pụtara na otu esi egbochi ya.
Nke mbụ, ka anyị nyochaa nkọwa nke igwe anaghị agba nchara (SS) na otú ferrite si emetụta nkwonkwo welded.Black steel na alloys nwere ihe karịrị 50% iron. Nke a gụnyere ihe niile carbon na igwe anaghị agba nchara na otu ndị ọzọ akọwapụtara.
Ihe ndị bụ isi nke alloy a bụ carbon ígwè na ọ dịkarịa ala 90% ígwè na SS na 70 ruo 80% ígwè. Iji mee nkewa dị ka SS, ọ ga-enwerịrị ma ọ dịkarịa ala 11.5% chromium gbakwunyere. Ụdị chromium n'elu nke kacha nta a na-akwalite nhazi nke ihe nkiri chromium oxide na-eme ka ihe nkiri chromium oxide na-eme ka ọkpụkpụ ígwè na-egbochi mmepụta oxidation dị ka corsion oxide (iro oxide).
SS tumadi kewara atọ dị iche iche: austenite, ferrite na martensite.Their aha si na ụlọ-okpomọkụ crystal Ọdịdị na-eme ka ha up.A ọzọ nkịtị otu bụ duplex SS, nke bụ a itule n'etiti ferrite na austenite na crystal Ọdịdị.
Austenitic akara ule, usoro 300, nwere 16% ka 30% chromium na 8% ka 40% nickel, na-akpụ a predominantly austenitic crystal Ọdịdị.To kwalite guzobe austenite-ferrite ruru, stabilizers dị ka nickel, carbon, manganese na manganese na-kwukwara n'oge steelmaking 34O 34 O3 usoro. ezigbo nguzogide corrosion;a na-ejikarị eme ihe na nri, ọrụ kemịkal, ọgwụ na ngwa cryogenic. Njikwa nhazi nke ferrite na-enye ike siri ike dị ala.
Ferritic SS bụ 400 usoro ọkwa na bụ n'ụzọ zuru ezu magnetik, dere 11.5% ka 30% chromium, na nwere ferritic predominant crystal structure.To kwalite guzobe nke ferrite, stabilizers gụnyere chromium, silicon, molybdenum, na niobium n'oge ígwè mmepụta.These ụdị SS na-ejikarị na-eji na ike osisi na okpomọkụ ụdị 4. 409, 430 na 446.
Martensitic akara ule, nke a chọpụtakwara site na usoro 400 dị ka 403, 410 na 440, bụ magnetik, nwere 11.5% na 18% chromium, ma nwee martensite dị ka kristal Ọdịdị. Nke a Nchikota nwere kasị ala gold ọdịnaya, nke na-eme ka ha ndị kasị nta dị oké ọnụ ahịa na-emepụta. Ha na-enye ụfọdụ nguzogide corrosion;ezigbo ike;na a na-ejikarị na tableware, eze na ngwa ịwa ahụ, cookware, na ụfọdụ ụdị ngwá ọrụ.
Mgbe ị na-agbanye SS, ụdị mkpụrụ osisi na ngwa ọrụ ya ga-ekpebi metal filler kwesịrị ekwesị iji mee ihe. Ọ bụrụ na ị na-eji usoro mkpuchi gas, ị nwere ike ịṅa ntị n'ụzọ pụrụ iche iji chebe ngwakọta gas iji gbochie ụfọdụ nsogbu ndị metụtara ịgbado ọkụ.
Iji rechapụ 304 n'onwe ya, ị ga-achọ electrode E308 / 308L. "L" na-anọchi anya obere carbon, nke na-enyere aka igbochi corrosion intergranular. Ndị a electrodes nwere carbon ọdịnaya n'okpuru 0.03%;ihe ọ bụla dị n'elu na-abawanye ohere nke carbon precipitating ka ọka ókèala na ijikọta na chromium na-etolite chromium carbides, n'ụzọ dị irè mbenata corrosion iguzogide nke steel.Nke a na-apụta ìhè ma ọ bụrụ na corrosion emee na okpomọkụ emetụtara mpaghara (HAZ) nke SS welded nkwonkwo.Ihe ọzọ echiche maka L ọkwa SS bụ na ha nwere ala tensiles ike na elu ọkwa ọkwa SS.
Ebe ọ bụ na 304 bụ ihe austenitic ụdị SS, kwekọrọ ekwekọ weld metal ga-ebu ọtụtụ n'ime austenite. Otú ọ dị, na electrode n'onwe ya ga-ebu a ferrite stabilizer, dị ka molybdenum, iji kwalite guzobe nke ferrite na weld metal. Manufacturers na-edekarị a ahụkarị nso nke ferrite quantities maka weld ígwè na mbụ, a stabilizer na-ekwu maka ihe ndị a siri ike na-egbochi ígwè nke weld carbon. site na ịgbakwunye na weld metal.
A na-enweta nọmba ferrite site na eserese Schaeffler na eserese WRC-1992, nke na-eji usoro nickel na chromium dakọtara iji gbakọọ uru, nke mgbe a na-eme atụmatụ na eserese ahụ na-emepụta nọmba nkịtị. Nọmba ferrite n'etiti 0 na 7 kwekọrọ na pasent olu nke kristal ferrite dị na ígwè weld;Otú ọ dị, na pasent dị elu, ọnụ ọgụgụ ferrite na-abawanye na ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa. Cheta na ferrite na SS abụghị otu ihe ahụ dị ka carbon steel ferrite, ma oge a na-akpọ delta ferrite.Austenitic SS enweghị mgbanwe mgbanwe nke na-ejikọta ya na usoro okpomọkụ dị elu dị ka ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ.
Nhazi nke ferrite bụ ihe na-achọsi ike n'ihi na ọ bụ ductile karịa austenite, ma a ghaghị ịchịkwa ya. Ọnụ ọgụgụ ferrite dị ala nwere ike ịmepụta welds na nguzogide corrosion magburu onwe ya na ngwa ụfọdụ, ma ọ na-adịkarị mfe ịgbawa ọkụ n'oge ịgbado ọkụ. Maka ọnọdụ ojiji n'ozuzu, ọnụ ọgụgụ ferrite kwesịrị ịdị n'etiti 5 na 10, ma maka ụfọdụ ngwa ngwa nwere ike ịdị na-egosi ọrụ dị ala ma ọ bụ dị elu.
Ebe ọ bụ na ị kwuru na ị nwere nsogbu na-agbawa agbawa na ọnụ ọgụgụ ferrite dị ala, ịkwesịrị ileba anya na metal filler gị ma jide n'aka na ọ na-emepụta ọnụ ọgụgụ ferrite zuru ezu - gburugburu 8 kwesịrị inyere aka. Ọzọkwa, ọ bụrụ na ị na-eji flux cored arc welding (FCAW), ihe ndị a na-emepụta ihe ndị a na-ejikarị 100% carbon carbon shielding gas ma ọ bụ 75% CO argon / 25 nke nwere ike ime ka ngwakọta nke carbon dioxide na-eme ka ọ dị elu. a gas metal arc welding (GMAW) usoro na-eji a 98% argon/2% oxygen ngwakọta iji belata ohere nke carbon pickup.
Iji weld SS na carbon ígwè ị ga-eji E309L filler material.This filler metal a na-pụrụ iche na-eji ịgbado ọkụ dissimilar ọla na-etolite a ụfọdụ ego nke ferrite mgbe carbon ígwè na-diluted n'ime weld.Ebe ọ bụ na ụfọdụ carbon etinye obi gị dum n'ime carbon ígwè, ferrite stabilizers na-agbakwunyere na filler metal iji gbochie ọchịchọ nke carbon na-emepụta ihe na-enyere aka ịgbawa ngwa ngwa.
Na nchịkọta, ọ bụrụ na ịchọrọ ikpochapụ ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na nkwonkwo austenitic SS welded, nyochaa metal ferrite zuru oke ma na-agbaso omume ịgbado ọkụ dị mma. Debe ihe ntinye ọkụ n'okpuru 50 kJ / inch, nọgide na-enwe okpomọkụ dị ala na ala interpass, ma hụ na nkwonkwo solder enweghị mmerụ ọ bụla tupu ịzụrụ. Jiri nlele kwesịrị ekwesị iji nyochaa ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ferrite 1.
WELDER, bụ́bu Ịgbado Ọkụ, Taa, na-egosi ezigbo ndị na-emepụta ngwaahịa anyị na-eji ma na-arụkọ ọrụ kwa ụbọchị. Magazin a enyewo ndị obodo ịgbado ọkụ na North America ihe karịrị afọ 20.
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