Ajụjụ: Anyị amalitela n'oge na-adịbeghị anya na-arụ ọrụ ụfọdụ nke na-achọ ka a na-emepụta ihe ụfọdụ site na 304 igwe anaghị agba nchara, nke a na-agbanye n'onwe ya na nchara dị nro.Anyị enwetala nsogbu ụfọdụ gbasara mgbawa weld n'etiti igwe anaghị agba nchara na igwe anaghị agba nchara ruo 1.25 ″ oke.Ekwuru na anyị nwere ọkwa ferrite dị ala.Ị nwere ike ịkọwa ihe ọ bụ na otu esi edozi ya?
A: Nke ahụ bụ ezigbo ajụjụ.Ee, anyị nwere ike inyere gị aka ịghọta ihe obere ferrite pụtara yana otu esi egbochi ya.
Nke mbụ, ka anyị leba anya na nkọwapụta igwe anaghị agba nchara (SS) yana ka ferrite si metụta nkwonkwo welded.Black ígwè na alloys nwere ihe karịrị 50% ígwè.Nke a gụnyere carbon na igwe anaghị agba nchara, yana ụfọdụ otu ndị ọzọ.Aluminom, ọla kọpa, na titanium enweghị ígwè, ya mere ha bụ ihe atụ magburu onwe ya nke alloys na-abụghị ígwè.
Ihe ndị bụ isi nke alloy a bụ carbon steel nke nwere ọdịnaya ígwè dịkarịa ala 90% yana igwe anaghị agba nchara nwere ọdịnaya ígwè nke 70 ruo 80%.Ka ewee ya dị ka SS, ọ ga-enwerịrị opekata mpe 11.5% chromium agbakwunyere.Ọkwa chromium dị n'elu ọnụ ụzọ kacha nta a na-akwalite nguzobe ihe nkiri chromium oxide n'elu igwe ma gbochie nguzobe nke oxidation dị ka nchara (iron oxide) ma ọ bụ mbibi kemịkalụ.
A na-ekekarị igwe anaghị agba nchara ụzọ atọ: austenitic, ferritic na martensitic.Aha ha sitere na ihe owuwu kristal na ụlọ okpomọkụ nke ha mejupụtara.Otu ọzọ a na-ahụkarị bụ igwe anaghị agba nchara duplex, nke bụ nguzozi n'etiti ferrite na austenite na nhazi kristal.
Austenitic akara ule, usoro 300, nwere 16% ruo 30% chromium na 8% ruo 40% nickel, na-akpụ usoro kristal austenitic na-abụkarị.A na-agbakwunye ihe nkwụsi ike dị ka nickel, carbon, manganese, na nitrogen n'oge usoro nchara iji nyere aka mepụta oke austenite-ferrite.Ụfọdụ akara ule nkịtị bụ 304, 316 na 347. Na-enye ezigbo nguzogide corrosion;A na-ejikarị ya na nri, kemịkalụ, ọgwụ na ụlọ ọrụ cryogenic.Njikwa nhazi nke ferrite na-enye ezigbo ike na obere okpomọkụ.
Ferritic SS bụ akara ngosi usoro 400 nke nwere magnetik zuru oke, nwere 11.5% ruo 30% chromium, ma nwee usoro kristal na-abụkarị kristal.Iji kwalite nguzobe nke ferrite, ndị na-emezi ihe na-agụnye chromium, silicon, molybdenum na niobium n'oge mmepụta ígwè.A na-ejikarị ụdị SS ndị a na sistemu ikuku na-ekpo ọkụ na ụgbọ oloko ma nwee oke ngwa okpomọkụ dị elu.Ọtụtụ ụdị a na-ejikarị: 405, 409, 430 na 446.
Martensitic akara ule, nke a na-akpọkwa usoro 400, dị ka 403, 410, na 440, bụ magnetik, nwere 11.5% ruo 18% chromium, ma nwee nhazi kristal martensitic.Nchikota a nwere ọdịnaya ọla edo kacha ala, na-eme ka ha dị ọnụ ala iji mepụta.Ha na-enye ụfọdụ nguzogide corrosion, ike dị elu, ma na-ejikarị na tableware, eze na akụrụngwa ịwa ahụ, cookware, na ụfọdụ ụdị ngwá ọrụ.
Mgbe ị na-agbado igwe anaghị agba nchara, ụdị mkpụrụ osisi na ngwa ya na-arụ ọrụ ga-ekpebi igwe ndochi kwesịrị ekwesị a ga-eji.Ọ bụrụ na ị na-eji usoro gas na-echebe, ị nwere ike ịṅa ntị n'ụzọ pụrụ iche na ikpuchi ngwakọta gas iji gbochie ụfọdụ nsogbu metụtara ịgbado ọkụ.
Iji rechapụ 304 n'onwe ya, ị ga-achọ electrode E308/308L."L" na-anọchi anya obere carbon, nke na-enyere aka igbochi intergranular corrosion.Ọdịnaya carbon nke electrodes ndị a bụ ihe na-erughị 0.03%, ma ọ bụrụ na uru a gafere, ihe ize ndụ nke ntinye carbon na oke ọka na njikọ chromium iji mepụta chromium carbides na-abawanye, nke na-ebelata nguzogide corrosion nke ígwè.Nke a na-apụta ìhè ma ọ bụrụ na corrosion emee na mpaghara okpomọkụ emetụtara (HAZ) nke igwe anaghị agba nchara.Ntụle ọzọ maka ọkwa L igwe anaghị agba nchara bụ na ha nwere ike tensile dị ala na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ dị elu karịa ọkwa igwe anaghị agba nchara.
Ebe ọ bụ na 304 bụ ụdị austenitic nke igwe anaghị agba nchara, metal weld kwekọrọ ga-enwe ọtụtụ n'ime austenite.Otú ọ dị, electrode n'onwe ya ga-enwe ferrite stabilizer, dị ka molybdenum, iji kwalite nhazi nke ferrite na ígwè weld.Ndị na-emepụta ihe na-edepụtakarị ihe dị iche iche maka ọnụọgụ ferrite maka igwe weld.Dị ka e kwuru na mbụ, carbon bụ ike austenitic stabilizer na n'ihi ihe ndị a ọ dị mkpa iji gbochie ya mgbakwunye na weld metal.
A na-enweta ọnụọgụ ferrite site na eserese Scheffler na eserese WRC-1992, nke na-eji usoro nickel na chromium dakọtara ọnụ iji gbakọọ uru na mgbe a na-akpa nkata na eserese ahụ na-enye ọnụọgụ ahaziri ahazi.Ọnụọgụ ferrite n'etiti 0 na 7 dabara na pasent olu nke ihe owuwu kristal ferritic dị na igwe weld, agbanyeghị, na pasentị dị elu, ọnụọgụ ferrite na-abawanye ngwa ngwa.Cheta na ferrite na SS abụghị otu ihe ahụ dị ka carbon steel ferrite, kama ọ bụ usoro a na-akpọ delta ferrite.Austenitic igwe anaghị agba nchara anaghị eme mgbanwe nke oge jikọtara ya na usoro okpomọkụ dị elu dị ka ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ.
Nhazi Ferrite bụ ihe na-achọsi ike n'ihi na ọ bụ ductile karịa austenite, mana a ghaghị ịchịkwa ya.Ọdịnaya ferrite dị ala nwere ike inye welds ezigbo nguzogide corrosion na ngwa ụfọdụ, mana ha na-adịkarị mfe mgbawa ọkụ n'oge ịgbado ọkụ.Maka ojiji izugbe, ọnụọgụ ferrite kwesịrị ịdị n'etiti 5 na 10, mana ụfọdụ ngwa nwere ike ịchọ ụkpụrụ dị ala ma ọ bụ karịa.Enwere ike ịlele Ferrite n'ebe ọrụ site na iji akara ferrite.
Ebe ọ bụ na ị kwuru na ị nwere nsogbu na cracking na ala ferrite, ị kwesịrị ị na-eleru anya na gị filler metal ma jide n'aka na ọ na-emepụta zuru ezu ferrite - gburugburu 8 kwesịrị ime aghụghọ.Ọzọkwa, ọ bụrụ na ị na-eji flux-cored arc welding (FCAW), ọla ndị a na-ejuputa na-ejikarị gas ọta nke 100% carbon dioxide ma ọ bụ ngwakọta nke 75% argon na 25% CO2, nke nwere ike ime ka ígwè weld banye carbon.Ị nwere ike ịgbanwe gaa na usoro ịgbado ọkụ ígwè (GMAW) ma jiri 98% argon / 2% oxygen ngwakọta iji belata ohere nke nkwụnye carbon.
Mgbe ị na-agbado igwe anaghị agba nchara na carbon steel, a ga-eji ihe mkpuchi E309L mee ihe.A na-eji igwe mkpuchi a eme ihe maka ịgbado ọkụ dị iche iche, na-etolite ụfọdụ ferrite mgbe agbazere nchara carbon na weld.N'ihi na ígwè carbon na-amịkọrọ ụfọdụ carbon, ferrite stabilizers na-agbakwunyere na igwe na-ejuputa iji gbochie ọchịchọ nke carbon ịmepụta austenite.Nke a ga - enyere aka gbochie mgbawa ọkụ n'oge ịgbado ọkụ.
N'ikpeazụ, ọ bụrụ na ịchọrọ ịrụkwa mgbawa ọkụ na austenitic igwe anaghị agba nchara, lelee metal ferrite zuru ezu ma soro usoro ịgbado ọkụ dị mma.Debe ntinye okpomọkụ n'okpuru 50 kJ/in, nọgide na-enwe okpomọkụ dị n'etiti ma ọ bụ dị ala, ma hụ na nkwonkwo na-ere ahịa dị ọcha tupu a ere ya.Jiri nlele kwesịrị ekwesị lelee ọnụọgụ ferrite na weld, na-achọ 5-10.
WELDER, nke a na-akpọbu Practical Welding Today, na-anọchite anya ndị ezigbo mmadụ na-emepụta ngwaahịa anyị na-eji ma na-arụ ọrụ kwa ụbọchị.Magazin a anọwo na-ejere obodo ịgbado ọkụ n’Ebe Ugwu America ozi ihe karịrị afọ 20.
Ugbu a site na ịnweta mbipụta dijitalụ FABRICATOR zuru oke, ọ dị mfe ịnweta akụrụngwa ụlọ ọrụ bara uru.
Mbipụta dijitalụ nke The Tube & Pipe Journal na-enweta ugbu a n'ụzọ zuru ezu, na-enye ohere dị mfe ịnweta akụrụngwa ụlọ ọrụ bara uru.
Nweta ohere dijitalụ zuru oke na akwụkwọ akụkọ STAMPING, na-egosipụta teknụzụ kachasị ọhụrụ, omume kachasị mma na ozi ụlọ ọrụ maka ahịa stampụ igwe.
Ugbu a site na ịnweta dijitalụ zuru oke na The Fabricator en Español, ị nwere ike ịnweta akụrụngwa ụlọ ọrụ bara uru dị mfe.