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Na-ewere Sui-Chongqing ụgbọ okporo ígwè mkpọda dị ka ihe nyocha, ala resistivity, ala electrochemistry (corrosion ikike, redox ikike, potential gradient na pH), ala anions (ngụkọta soluble salts, Cl-, SO42- na) na ala Nri. N'iji ya tụnyere ihe ndị ọzọ, mmiri na-enwe mmetụta kasị ukwuu na corrosion nke mkpọda nchebe net, na-esote anion content. The ngụkọta soluble nnu nwere a agafeghị oke mmetụta na corrosion nke mkpọda nchebe net, na kpafuo ugbu a nwere a agafeghị oke mmetụta na corrosion nke ala slope nchedo net, The samplely comprehensive mmetụta na corrosion nke mkpọda nchebe net. mkpọda bụ agafeghị oke, na corrosion na n'etiti na nke ala mkpọda dị ike.The organic okwu na ala na-n'ụzọ doro anya na-ejikọta ya na ike gradient.Available nitrogen, dị na potassium na phosphorus dị na-metụtara nke ukwuu na anions.The nkesa nke ala nri na-apụtachaghị ìhè metụtara mkpọda ụdị.
Mgbe ị na-ewu ụgbọ okporo ígwè, okporo ụzọ na ebe nchekwa mmiri, oghere ugwu na-abụkarị ihe a na-apụghị izere ezere. N'ihi ugwu ndị dị na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ, ụgbọ okporo ígwè nke China na-achọ ọtụtụ ihe gwupụtara n'elu ugwu ahụ. Ọ na-ebibi ala mbụ na ahịhịa ndụ, na-emepụta slopes nkume ndị a na-ekpughere. Ọnọdụ a na-eduga n'ọgba aghara na ala ala, si otú a na-eyi egwu nchekwa nke okporo ụzọ ụgbọ okporo ígwè 8, nke na-eme ka okporo ụzọ ụgbọ okporo ígwè 8 na-eme ihe ọjọọ. nchuan ala ọmajiji.Mkpọda ala abụrụla nke na-ekesa n'ebe niile na oke oke ala ọmajiji1.Na 2008 nwale nke 4,243 kilomita nke isi okporo ụzọ okporo ụzọ na Sichuan Province, e nwere 1,736 oké ala ọma jijiji ọdachi na roadbeds na mkpọda retaining mgbidi, aza 39.76% nke ngụkọta ogologo nke evaluation. Direct aku na uba ọnwụ site n'okporo ụzọ mebiri gafere 58 ijeri yuan. ikpeazụ n'ihi na ọ dịghị ihe ọzọ 10 afọ (Taiwan ala ọma jijiji) na ọbụna dị ka ogologo dị ka 40-50 afọ (Kanto ala ọma jijiji na Japan) 4,5.Gradient bụ isi ihe na-emetụta ala ọma jijiji hazard6,7.Ya mere, ọ dị mkpa iji nọgide na-enwe okporo ụzọ mkpọda na ike ya kwụsie ike.Plants na-egwu ihe irreplaceable ọrụ na sloped odida obodo nchebe na sparological odida obodo na-eme ka nkume slopes. nwere nchikota nke edozi ihe di ka organic okwu, nitrogen, phosphorus, na potassium, na-adịghị enwe ala gburugburu ebe obibi dị mkpa maka ahịhịa growth. N'ihi ihe ndị dị ka nnukwu mkpọda na mmiri ozuzo ozize, mkpọda ala na-adị mfe efu. Country.The artificial ala eji maka spraying mejupụtara nkume gbajiri agbaji, ala ugbo, ahịhịa ahịhịa, compound fatịlaịza, mmiri na-ejigide gị n'ụlọnga na nrapado (a na-ejikarị adhesives na-agụnye Portland simenti, organic gluu na asphalt emulsifier) ​​na a ụfọdụ proportion.The oru usoro bụ: mbụ dina barbed waya na nkume, emesia dozie barbed waya na ihe ndị na-efe efe na pụrụ iche osisi na rivets. The 14 # diamond ekara metal ntupu nke zuru ezu galvanized na-akasị eji, na a ntupu ọkọlọtọ nke 5cm × 5cm na a dayameta nke 2mm. The metal ntupu na-enye ohere ala matrix na-etolite a inogide monolithic slab on nkume surface. The metal ntupu ga corrode na ala, n'ihi na ala n'onwe ya bụ ihe electrolyte, na ogo nke corrosion nke ala na-adabere n'ihe na-adabere n'ihe dị oké ọnụ ahịa nke evanation nke ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe na-adabere n'ihe na-emepụta ihe na-adabere n'ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe na-eme ka ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe na-adabere na ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe na-adabere na ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe na-adabere na ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe na-adabere na ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe na-adabere na ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe na-adabere n'ihe na-eme ka ihe na-emepụta ihe na-adabere n'ihe na-eme ka ihe na-emepụta ihe na-adabere n'ihe na-eme ka ihe na-emepụta ihe na-adabere n'ihe na-eme ka ihe na-emepụta ihe na-adabere n'ihe na-eme ka ihe dị iche iche na-emepụta ihe. Ntupu igwe nke ala butere ya na iwepu ihe egwu nbibi.
Ekwenyere na mgbọrọgwụ osisi na-ekere òkè dị mkpa na mkpọda stabilization na mbuze ịchịkwa10,11,12,13,14. Iji mee ka mkpọda ugwu megide ọdịda ala na-emighị emi, enwere ike iji ahịhịa mee ihe n'ihi na mgbọrọgwụ osisi nwere ike idozi ala iji gbochie nzeta15,16,17.Ahịhịa ahịhịa, karịsịa osisi, na-enyere aka igbochi usoro mgbọrọgwụ nke ahịhịa na-adịghị na ya. na-eme dị ka ike ikpo n'ime ala.The mmepe nke mgbọrọgwụ architecture ụkpụrụ na-chụpụrụ site mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa, na ala gburugburu ebe obibi na-arụ a bụrụkwa ọrụ ndị a usoro. Corrosion ka ọla dịgasị na ala environment20.The ogo corrosion nke ọla na ala nwere ike mbio si pụtara ngwa ngwa mgbasa na negligible impact21. Artificial ala dị iche iche na-emekọrịta ihe n'ezie na gburugburu ebe obibi dị iche iche site n'okike nke mpụga usoro. isms n'elu iri puku kwuru iri nde afọ22,23,24.Tupu woody ahịhịa na-etolite a kwụsiri ike mgbọrọgwụ usoro na gburugburu ebe obibi, ma metal ntupu jikọtara ya na nkume mkpọda na wuru ala nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ n'enweghị bụ kpọmkwem metụtara mmepe nke eke aku na uba, nchekwa nke ndụ na mma nke gburugburu ebe obibi.
Otú ọ dị, corrosion nke ọla nwere ike iduga nnukwu losses. Dị ka nnyocha e mere na China na mmalite 1980s na chemical ígwè ọrụ na ndị ọzọ na ụlọ ọrụ, ọnwụ mere site metal corrosion ruru 4% nke ngụkọta mmepụta uru. Ya mere, ọ bụ nke ukwuu pụtara na-amụ corrosion usoro na-echebe jikoro maka aku na uba na-ewu, ala na microorganisms nwere ike a mgbagwoju corrosion. N'ihi ya, ọ dị mkpa iji gbochie corrosion nke ọla ndị e liri n'ime ala.Ugbu a, nnyocha na-eli ozu metal corrosion tumadi na-elekwasị anya na (1) ihe na-emetụta eli ozu metal corrosion25;(2) ụzọ nchebe ígwè26,27;(3) ụzọ ikpe maka ogo nke metal corrosion28;Nrụrụaka na mgbasa ozi dị iche iche. Otú ọ dị, ala niile dị n'ọmụmụ ihe ahụ bụ ihe okike ma bụrụkwa usoro nhazi ala zuru oke. Otú ọ dị, ọnweghị akụkọ ọ bụla gbasara mkpọda ala wuruwuru nke mkpọda nkume ụgbọ oloko.
E jiri ya tụnyere mgbasa ozi ndị ọzọ na-emebi emebi, ala artificial nwere njirimara nke illiquidity, heterogeneity, seasonality and regionality.Metal corrosion na artificial ala na-akpata site electrochemical interactions n'etiti metals na artificial ala.Na mgbakwunye na ihe ebumpụta ụwa, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke metal corrosion na-adaberekwa na gburugburu gburugburu ebe obibi.A dịgasị iche iche nke ihe na-emetụta metal corrosion n'otu n'otu ma ọ bụ n'ime, oxygen ọdịnaya, dị ka ngụkọta nke metal ala, dị ka ihe mejupụtara, p. microbes30,31,32.
N'ime afọ 30 nke omume, ajụjụ banyere otú e si echekwa ala ndị na-emepụta ihe na-adịgide adịgide na mkpọda nkume bụ nsogbu33. Osisi ma ọ bụ osisi enweghị ike itolite na mkpọda ụfọdụ mgbe afọ 10 nke nlekọta akwụkwọ ntuziaka n'ihi nrịanrịa ala. A na-asacha unyi dị n'elu nchara ígwè ahụ n'ebe ụfọdụ. N'ihi corrosion, ụfọdụ nchara ígwè gbawara agbawa ma tụfuo ha niile n'elu ala dị ugbu a na n'okpuru Fig. ly na-elekwasị anya na corrosion nke ụgbọ oloko substation grounding okporo, kpafuo ugbu corrosion eme site ìhè ụgbọ okporo ígwè, na corrosion nke ụgbọ okporo ígwè bridges34,35, tracks na ndị ọzọ ụgbọala equipment36.There enwebeghị akụkọ nke corrosion nke okporo ụzọ mkpọda nchebe metal mesh.This akwụkwọ ọmụmụ na-amụ anụ ahụ, ala chemical na electrochemical n'ebe ndịda ihe onwunwe nke artificial corro na-enyocha ihe ndị dị n'ime ala ma na-enye usoro iwu na nke bara uru maka mweghachi gburugburu ebe obibi nke ala na mweghachi artificial.Slope artificial.
The ule saịtị dị na ugwu ugwu nke Sichuan (30°32′N, 105°32′E) nso Suining Railway Station. The ebe dị n'etiti Sichuan Basin, na ala ugwu na ugwu nta, na mfe geological Ọdịdị na ewepụghị terrain.Erosion, igbutu na ìgwè nke mmiri na-emepụta n'elu-acha odo odo na-acha odo odo na-acha odo odo na-acha odo odo. dstone.The iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe bụ ogbenye, na nkume bụ a blocky Ọdịdị.The ọmụmụ ihe nwere subtropical iru mmiri udu mmiri ihu igwe na seasonal àgwà nke mmalite oge opupu ihe ubi, okpomọkụ okpomọkụ, mgbụsị akwụkwọ na mbubreyo oyi. The mmiri ozuzo na-aba ụba, ìhè na okpomọkụ ihe onwunwe na-aba ụba, na ntu oyi-free oge bụ ogologo (285 ụbọchị na nkezi), ihu igwe dị nwayọọ, na-ekpo ọkụ nkezi okpomọkụ nke afọ 17 C ọnwa (7st okpomọkụ). 2 Celsius C, na oke okpomọkụ kachasị elu bụ 39.3 ° C. Ọnwa kachasị oyi bụ January (nkezi okpomọkụ bụ 6.5 ° C), oke okpomọkụ bụ -3.8 ° C, na nkezi mmiri ozuzo kwa afọ bụ 920 mm, na-elekwasị anya na July na August. Mmiri ozuzo na mmiri, okpomọkụ, mgbụsị akwụkwọ na oyi dịgasị iche iche.Oke mmiri ozuzo n'oge ọ bụla n'afọ bụ 19-21%, 51-54%, 22-24% na 4-5% n'otu n'otu.
Ebe nyocha ahụ bụ mkpọda nke ihe dịka 45 ° na mkpọda nke Yu-Sui Railway wuru na 2003. N'April 2012, ọ chere ihu na ndịda n'ime 1 km nke ọdụ ụgbọ okporo ígwè Suining.The eke mkpọda e ji mee ihe dị ka a control.The ecological mweghachi nke mkpọda adopts mba ọzọ topdressing ala spraying technology maka ecological restoration. Dị ka elu nke okporo ụzọ ụgbọ okporo ígwè n'akụkụ mkpọda, na mkpọda nwere ike kewara n'ime elu, n'etiti mkpọda na downslope (Fig. 2) .Since na ọkpụrụkpụ nke ịkpụ banyere slope nke corlusion ala na-ezere slope n'ala nke artificial pollu0 cm. Ntupu, anyị na-eji a igwe anaghị agba nchara shọvelụ iji were ala elu 0-8cm. Four replicates e setịpụrụ maka ọ bụla mkpọda ọnọdụ, na 15-20 random sampling ihe kwa replicate.Each oyiri bụ ngwakọta nke 15-20 randomly kpebisiri ike si S-ekara akara sample point.Its ọhụrụ arọ bụ banyere 500 na-emepụta ihe na ziplene na polyethylene. akpọnwụọ nke ukwuu, a na-ewepụtakwa gravel na anụmanụ na ihe ndị fọdụrụ n'osisi, were osisi agate gwepịa ya, were sieve 20-mesh, 100-mesh nylon sieve ma e wezụga ihe ndị ahụ na-adịghị ahụkebe.
A tụrụ nguzogide ala ala site na VICTOR4106 ihe nleba anya nguzogide ala nke Shengli Instrument Company mepụtara;a tụrụ resistivity ala n'ọhịa;A na-atụle mmiri nke ala site na usoro ihicha. The DMP-2 obere dijitalụ mv / pH ngwá ọrụ atụmatụ dị elu ntinye impedance maka ịlele ala corrosion ikike.Potential gradient na redox ikike e kpebisiri ike site DMP-2 portable dijitalụ mv / pH, ngụkọta soluble nnu n'ime ala e kpebisiri ike fọdụrụ ihicha usoro, chloride ion ọdịnaya n'ime ala e kpebisiri ike kpọmkwem usoro Ag. Titration usoro, okpukpu abụọ egosi titration usoro iji chọpụta ala carbonate na bicarbonate, potassium dichromate oxidation usoro kpo oku iji chọpụta ala organic okwu, alkaline ngwọta mgbasa usoro iji chọpụta ala alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, H2SO4-HClO4 mgbaze Mo-Sb colorimetric usoro Total phosphorus na ala na dị phosphorus ọdịnaya n'ime ala e kpebisiri ike site Olsen usoro (0.05 mol CO 3) na ngwọta nke potassium hydroxide n'ime ala site na usoro Olsen (0.05 molfusion na sodium hydroxide). m fotometry.
A na-ahazi data nnwale ahụ na mbụ. A na-eji SPSS Statistics 20 mee ihe pụtara ìhè, ọkọlọtọ ọkọlọtọ, otu ụzọ ANOVA, na nyocha mmekọrịta mmadụ.
Tebụl 1 na-enye ihe onwunwe electromechanical, anions na nri nke ala nke nwere mkpọda dị iche iche. The corrosion ikike, ala resistivity na n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ-n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nwere ike gradient nke dị iche iche slopes bụ ihe niile dị ịrịba ama (P <0.05) The redox potentials of downhill, mid-slope and natural slope was significant (P <0.05) . mkpọda>downslope>etiti mkpọda.The ala pH uru bụ n'usoro nke downslope>elu>n'etiti mkpọda>natural mkpọda.Total soluble nnu, eke mkpọda bụ significantly elu karịa ụgbọ okporo ígwè slope (P <0.05) The ngụkọta soluble nnu ọdịnaya nke atọ-ọkwa ụgbọ okporo ígwè slope ala dị n'elu metal na-enwe n'elu 50 gr. Ihe dị n'ime ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe bụ ihe kachasị elu na mkpọda eke na nke kachasị ala na mkpọda ugwu (P <0.05) .Ngụkọta ọdịnaya nitrogen bụ nke kachasị elu na mkpọda etiti na nke kachasị ala na mkpọda ugwu;ọdịnaya nitrogen dịnụ bụ nke kachasị elu na mkpọda ala na nke etiti, na nke kachasị ala na mkpọda eke;ngụkọta nitrogen nke okporo ụzọ ụgbọ okporo ígwè mgbago na mgbada dị ala, mana ọdịnaya nitrogen dị elu dị elu. Nke a na-egosi na nrịgo elu na mgbada organic nitrogen mineralization ọnụego bụ ngwa ngwa.
Ala resistivity bụ index na-egosi eletriki conductivity na a isi oke maka ikpe ikpe ala corrosion.Factors emetụta ala resistivity gụnyere mmiri ọdịnaya, ngụkọta soluble nnu ọdịnaya, pH, ala udidi, okpomọkụ, organic okwu ọdịnaya, ala okpomọkụ, na tightness.Generally na-ekwu okwu, ala na ala resistivity bụ ihe corrosive, na Anglịkan.Iji resistivity na-ekpe ikpe ala corrosivity na-egosikarị mba corrosivity 1 mba. index nke ọ bụla37,38.
Dịka nsonaazụ ule na ụkpụrụ dị na mba m (Table 1), ọ bụrụ na a na-enyocha mmebi nke ala naanị site na mgbochi ala, ala dị na mkpọda ugwu na-emebi emebi;ala dị na mkpọda ugwu na-emebi emebi nke ọma;nrụrụ ala na mkpọda etiti na mkpọda eke adịghị ike.
The ala resistivity nke ugwu mkpọda bụ budata ala karịa nke akụkụ ndị ọzọ nke mkpọda, nke nwere ike mere site na mmiri ozuzo erosion.The topsoil na upslope aga na n'etiti mkpọda na mmiri, nke mere na upslope metal mkpọda nchebe net dị nso na topsoil. Ụfọdụ n'ime metal meshes e kpughere na ọbụna kwụsịtụrụ n'ikuku (Figureivity 1).ogologo oghere dị mita 3;ikpo ịnya ụgbọ ala omimi bụ n'okpuru 15cm.Bare metal ntupu na peeling nchara nwere ike igbochi na nha results.Ya mere, ọ bụ unreliable iji nyochaa ala corrosivity naanị site ala resistivity index.Na keukwu nwale nke corrosion, ala resistivity nke upslope adịghị atụle.
N'ihi elu ikwu iru mmiri, perennial iru mmiri ikuku na mpaghara Sichuan na-eme ka ígwè ntupu ekpughere ikuku na corrode ka njọ karịa metal ntupu e liri na ala39. Exposure nke waya ntupu na ikuku nwere ike ime ka mbelata ọrụ ndụ, nke nwere ike destabilize n'elu ugwu ala. Ala ọnwụ nwere ike ime ka o siri ike n'ihi na osisi, karịsịa woody osisi, na-esi ike n'ihi na osisi, karịsịa woody osisi, na-esi ike na-eto eto nke osisi, n'ihi na ọ na-esiri ike na-eto eto nke osisi. N'otu oge ahụ, osisi ibu nwekwara ike imeziwanye ala àgwà na-amụba ọdịnaya nke humus na ala, nke nwere ike ọ bụghị nanị na-ejigide mmiri, ma na-enye ezi gburugburu ebe obibi maka uto na mmeputakwa nke anụmanụ na osisi, si otú mbenata ala loss. Ya mere, na mmalite ogbo nke ewu, ọzọ woody osisi ga-akụ na upslope, na mmiri na-ejigide gị n'ụlọnga kwesịrị ịnọgide na-agbakwunyere na kpuchie ya na ihe nkiri na-ebelata mmiri ozuzo na-echebe site na ihe nkiri na-ebelata ihe nkiri nke mmiri ozuzo.
Enwere ike imebi ihe bụ ihe dị mkpa na-emetụta corrosion nke ụgbụ nchekwa mkpọda na mkpọda ọkwa atọ, ma nwee mmetụta kachasị ukwuu na mkpọda ugwu (Table 2) .N'okpuru ọnọdụ nkịtị, ikike nke corrosion adịghị agbanwe nke ukwuu na gburugburu ebe a na-enye. Mgbanwe a na-ahụ anya nwere ike ime site na mmiri ndị na-agbagharị agbagharị. Ọgba mmiri na-ezo aka na ụgbọ ala ụgbọ ala na-eme njem n'ime usoro 40 na-arụ ọrụ n'okporo ụzọ 40. N'ime mmepe nke usoro njem, usoro njem ụgbọ okporo ígwè nke obodo m enwetala ọkụ eletrik dị ukwuu, na corrosion nke ọla ndị e liri n'ihi na mmiri na-agbapụta ugbu a site na okporo ụzọ ụgbọ oloko eletrik enweghị ike ileghara anya.mgbe gradient nwere ike dị n'ogo nke 0.5 mv / m ruo 5.0 mv / m, ihe mgbagwoju anya dị oke;mgbe ike gradient dị elu karịa 5.0 mv / m, ọkwa dị ugbu a dị elu dị elu. Ihe dị iche iche na-ese n'elu mmiri nke ike gradient (EW) nke etiti slope, elu-slope and down-slope na-egosi na ọnụ ọgụgụ 3. N'ihe banyere oke mmiri na-ese n'elu mmiri, e nwere oke mmiri na-agafe agafe n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ-n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ na n'ebe ugwu-n'ebe ndịda, ihe dị mkpa na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe dị mkpa nke na-eme ka ọkpụkpụ dị n'etiti. metal meshes na etiti mkpọda na mgbada, ọkachasị n'etiti mkpọda.
N'ozuzu, ala redox ikike (Eh) n'elu 400 mV na-egosi na oxidizing ike, n'elu 0-200 mV bụ ọkara mbenata ikike, na n'okpuru 0 mV bụ nnukwu mbenata ikike.The ala ala redox ikike, ukwuu na corrosion ikike nke ala microorganisms ka metals44.It bụ omume na-ebu amụma na-emekarị nke ala microbial corrosion na-amụ na-enwe ike ịhụ na-emekarị nke ala microbial corrosion nke atọ na-amụ redox. 500 mv, na ọkwa corrosion dị nnọọ ntakịrị. Ọ na-egosi na ala ventilashion ọnọdụ nke mkpọda ala dị mma, nke na-adịghị mma na corrosion nke anaerobic microorganisms na ala.
Nnyocha ndị gara aga achọpụtala na mmetụta nke ala pH na ala ozize bụ doro anya. With the fluctuation of pH value, the corrosion rate of metal material is significantly impact.Soil pH na-ejikọta ya na mpaghara na microorganisms na ala45,46,47.Generally ikwu okwu, mmetụta nke ala pH na corrosion nke metal ihe na ubé alkaline ala bụ ihe doro anya pH atọ nke ala ala alkaline adịghị doro anya. na corrosion nke metal ntupu adịghị ike.
Dị ka a na-ahụ na Tebụl 3, nyocha mmekọrịta na-egosi na ikike redox na ọnọdụ mkpọda na-ejikọta ya nke ọma (R2 = 0.858), ikike corrosion na ike gradient (SN) na-ejikọta ya nke ọma (R2 = 0.755), na ike redox na ike gradient = SN) na-ejikọta ya nke ọma (R2 = 0.755).Enwere mmekọrịta dị njọ na-adịghị mma n'etiti ikike na pH (R2 = -0.724) .Ọnọdụ mkpọda nwere njikọ chiri anya nke ọma na ikike redox. Nke a na-egosi na e nwere ọdịiche dị na microenvironment nke ọnọdụ mkpọda dị iche iche, na microorganisms ala nwere njikọ chiri anya na redox potential48, 49, 50. The redox, 5 nwere njikọ na-adịghị mma na pH5 nwere njikọ na-ezighị ezi. ọ bụghị mgbe niile na-agbanwe synchronously n'oge ala redox usoro, ma nwere a ọjọọ linear mmekọrịta.Metal corrosion nwere ike na-anọchi anya ndị ikwu ike na-enweta na ida electrons.Ọ bụ ezie na corrosion ikike bụ budata ziri ezi jikọrọ ya na ike gradient (SN), ike gradient nwere ike mere site na mfe ọnwụ nke electrons site metal.
Ala ngụkọta soluble nnu ọdịnaya na nso nso metụtara ala corrosivity.Generally na-ekwu okwu, na elu ala salinity, na ala ala resistivity, si otú na-amụba ala resistance.In ala electrolytes, ọ bụghị nanị na anions na iche iche ranges, ma na corrosion mmetụta bụ tumadi carbonates, chlorides na sulfates.Na mgbakwunye, ngụkọta soluble nnu ọdịnaya nke metal cordirectly mmetụta na ihe ndị ọzọ na-emetụta n'ime ala nke electrolytes nke metal corrosion. na ala oxygen solubility53.
Ọtụtụ n'ime soluble nnu-dissociated ion na ala adịghị ozugbo isonye na electrochemical mmeghachi omume, ma na-emetụta metal corrosion site ala resistivity.The elu ala salinity, na ike ala conductivity na ike ala erosion.The ala salinity ọdịnaya nke eke slopes bụ budata elu karịa nke ụgbọ okporo ígwè slopes, nke nwere ike ịbụ n'ihi na eziokwu nke bụ ọgaranya conservation ala conservation. Ọ dịghị ihe ọ bụla mere nwere ike ịbụ na eke mkpọda ahụ enwetawo ntozu ala nguzobe (ala nne na nna ihe e guzobere site nkume weathering), ma ụgbọ okporo ígwè mkpọda ala na-emi esịnede enuahade nkume iberibe dị ka matriks nke "artificial ala", na enwebeghị a zuru ezu usoro nhazi ala.A naghị ahapụ mineral. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, ion nnu na ala miri emi nke mkpọda eke sitere na capillary edinam n'oge evaporation elu ma na-akwakọba n'ime ala nke elu, na-eme ka mmụba nke ọdịnaya nke ion nnu na ala dị n'elu.
ion ndị dị mma (dị ka K +, Na +, Ca2 +, Mg2 +, Al3 +, wdg) na-enwe mmetụta dị nta na corrosion ala, ebe anions na-arụ ọrụ dị ịrịba ama na usoro electrochemical nke corrosion ma nwee mmetụta dị ukwuu na corrosion metal.nke dị elu nke Cl- ọdịnaya, otú ala corrosion siri ike.SO42- ọ bụghị nanị na-akwalite corrosion nke ígwè, ma na-akpata corrosion na ụfọdụ ihe onwunwe54.Ọkwa corrodes iron.Na usoro nke acid ala nnwale, ọnụego nke corrosion a chọpụtara na-proportions na ala acidity55.Chloride na sulfate bụ isi akụkụ nke soluble a metal salts na-egosi kpọmkwem ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe na-eme ka ígwè na-eme ka ihe na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na-edozi ahụ. rosion arọ ọnwụ nke carbon ígwè na alkaline Ona bụ fọrọ nke nta ka hà na mgbakwunye na nke chloride na sulfate ions56,57.Lee et al.chọpụtara na SO42- nwere ike igbochi corrosion, ma kwalite mmepe nke olulu corrosion nke etolitela58.
Dabere na ọkọlọtọ nrịbama ala na nsonaazụ ule, ọdịnaya chloride ion dị n'ime ihe nlele ala mkpọda ọ bụla dị n'elu 100 mg / kg, na-egosi nrụrụ ala siri ike. 0mg / kg, na mmebi nke ala na-adịghị ike. Mgbe ala ala na-enwe nnukwu ntinye uche, ọ ga-ekere òkè na mmeghachi omume ahụ ma mepụta ọnụ ọgụgụ corrosion n'elu igwe electrode metal, si otú ahụ na-ebelata mmeghachi omume corrosion. Ka ntinye uche na-abawanye, ọnụ ọgụgụ ahụ nwere ike ịgbaji na mberede, si otú ahụ na-eme ka ọnụ ọgụgụ corrosion dịkwuo elu;ka ntinye uche na-aga n'ihu na-abawanye, ọnụ ọgụgụ corrosion na-ekpuchi elu nke electrode metal, na ọnụ ọgụgụ corrosion na-egosi na ọ na-eme ka ọ dị nwayọọ ọzọ59. Nnyocha ahụ chọpụtara na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị n'ime ala dị ala na ya mere enweghi mmetụta na corrosion.
Dị ka Tebụl 4 si kwuo, njikọ dị n'etiti mkpọda na anions ala gosiri na enwere ezigbo mmekọrịta dị n'etiti mkpọda na ion chloride (R2=0.836), yana ezigbo mmekọrịta dị n'etiti mkpọda na mkpokọta nnu soluble (R2=0.742).
Nke a na-egosi na elu mmiri na-agba ọsọ na ala ozize nwere ike ịbụ maka mgbanwe na ngụkọta soluble salts na ala.There was a ịrịba nti mmekọrịta n'etiti ngụkọta soluble salts na chloride ion, nke nwere ike ịbụ n'ihi na ngụkọta soluble salts bụ ọdọ mmiri nke chloride ion, na ọdịnaya nke ngụkọta soluble salts na-ekpebi ọdịnaya nke chloride ions na ihe dị iche iche nke metal nwere ike na-eme ka metal chloride na ngwọta nke nwere ike maara nke ọma corlopes. .
Organic okwu, ngụkọta nitrogen, dị nitrogen, dị phosphorus na dị potassium bụ isi nri nke ala, nke na-emetụta ala àgwà na absorption nke nri site na mgbọrọgwụ system. Ala nri bụ ihe dị mkpa na-emetụta microorganisms na ala, n'ihi ya, ọ bara uru na-amụ ma e nwere a correlation n'etiti ala nri na metal corrosion.The Suiyu Railway e dechara na 2003, nke pụtara na organic na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe e kere eke n'ime afọ 2003. , ọ dị mkpa inwe nghọta nke ọma banyere ihe ndị na-edozi ahụ na ala artificial.
The nnyocha na-egosi na organic okwu ọdịnaya bụ kasị elu na eke mkpọda ala mgbe dum ala e guzobere usoro.The ala-mkpọda ala organic okwu ọdịnaya bụ lowest.Due ka mmetụta nke weathering na elu runoff, ala nri ga-akwakọba na n'etiti mkpọda na ala-mkpọda, akpụ a oké oyi akwa nke humus. Otú ọ dị, n'ihi na obere ahụ na ogbenye kwụsie ike nke ala-organism na mfe nnyocha e mere n'etiti ala-organism. Mkpọda ahịhịa mkpuchi na iche iche dị elu, ma homogeneity dị ala, nke nwere ike iduga na-ezighị ezi nkesa nke elu nri.A oké oyi akwa nke humus na-ejide mmiri na ala ntule na-arụ ọrụ.All nke accelerates decomposition nke organic okwu n'ime ala.
The alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen ọdịnaya nke elu-mkpọda, n'etiti-mkpọda na ala-mkpọda ụgbọ okporo ígwè bụ elu karịa na nke eke mkpọda, na-egosi na organic nitrogen mineralization ọnụego nke ụgbọ okporo ígwè mkpọda bụ budata elu karịa nke eke slope.The nta na ahụ, ndị ọzọ ejighị n'aka na ala Ọdịdị, na mfe ọ bụ n'ihi na ihe na organic na microorganisms nke ukwuu. nitrogen60,61.Consistent na nsonaazụ nke 62 ọmụmụ, ọdịnaya nke obere urughuru aggregates na ala nke ụgbọ okporo ígwè slopes bụ budata elu karịa nke eke slopes.Therefore, kwesịrị ekwesị jikoro ga-mere ka iwelie ọdịnaya nke fatịlaịza, organic okwu na nitrogen na ala nke ụgbọ okporo ígwè mkpọda, na iji melite ala na-adigide itinye n'ọrụ na n'efu site na potassium dị elu 7. ruo 99.79% nke mkpọda mkpọda okporo ụzọ ụgbọ oloko. Mkpọpu mmiri dị n'elu nwere ike ịbụ isi ihe na-akpata ọnwụ nri dị na ala mkpọda63,64,65.
Dị ka e gosiri na Tebụl 4, enwere ezigbo mmekọrịta dị mma n'etiti ọnọdụ mkpọda na phosphorus dị (R2 = 0.948), na njikọ dị n'etiti ọnọdụ mkpọda na potassium dịnụ bụ otu (R2 = 0.898) . Ọ na-egosi na ọnọdụ mkpọda na-emetụta ọdịnaya nke phosphorus dị na potassium dị na ala.
Gradient bụ ihe dị mkpa na-emetụta ala organic okwu ọdịnaya na nitrogen enrichment66, na nta nke gradient, na ukwuu nke enrichment rate.N'ihi na ala nutrient enrichment, nutrient ọnwụ e ebelatawo, na mmetụta nke mkpọda ọnọdụ n'ala organic okwu ọdịnaya na ngụkọta nitrogen enrichment bụ ihe doro anya.dị iche iche na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke osisi na dị iche iche slopes nwere dị iche iche organic acid slopes na-enweta site organic acids slopes na osisi na-enweta site na organic acids dị iche iche. N'ihi ya, enwere njikọ dị ukwuu n'etiti ọnọdụ mkpọda na phosphorus dị, na ọnọdụ mkpọda na potassium dị.
Iji dokwuo anya mmekọrịta dị n'etiti nri ala na corrosion ala, ọ dị mkpa iji nyochaa njikọ ahụ. Dị ka e gosiri na Tebụl 5, ikike redox na-emetụta nke ọma na nitrogen dịnụ (R2 = -0.845) na nke ọma na-ejikọta ya na phosphorus dị (R2 = 0.842) na potassium dị (R2 = 0.980) na potassium dị (R2 = 0.980). Mgbe ahụ, ọ na-emetụta usoro ihe onwunwe nke ala. N'ihi ya, ọ bụ ihe dị mkpa na-ekpebi ntụziaka nke mgbanwe nri nke ala67. Ụdị redox dị iche iche nwere ike ime ka steeti dị iche iche na ịnweta ihe oriri na-edozi ahụ. Ya mere, ikike redox nwere njikọ dị ịrịba ama na nitrogen dị, phosphorus dị na potassium dị.
Na mgbakwunye na metal Njirimara, corrosion ikike na-metụtara ala Njirimara.Corrosion ikike bụ budata na-ezighị ezi correlated na organic okwu, na-egosi na organic okwu nwere a ịrịba mmetụta na corrosion potential.In mgbakwunye, organic okwu bụkwa significantly negatively correlated with potential gradient (SN) (R2=-0.713) na sulfate ion (R2=-0.671) na sulfate ion (R2=-0.671) na sulfate ion (R2=-0.671). bụ nnukwu mmekọrịta na-adịghị mma n'etiti pH ala na potassium dị (R2 = -0.728).
A na-ejikọta nitrogen dị na ya na salts soluble na ion chloride, na phosphorus na potassium dị na ya na-ejikọta ya na salts soluble salts na ion chloride. Nke a gosiri na ihe oriri na-edozi ahụ na-emetụta ọnụ ọgụgụ nke salts soluble na ion chloride n'ime ala, na anions n'ime ala adịghị enyere aka na nchịkọta nke nitrogen na-adịghị mma, na-enwe mmetụta na-adịghị mma. ly correlated na bicarbonate, na-egosi na ngụkọta nitrogen nwere mmetụta na ọdịnaya nke sulfate na bicarbonate. Osisi nwere obere ọchịchọ nke sulfate ion na bicarbonate ion, otú ọtụtụ n'ime ha bụ free na ala ma ọ bụ etinye obi gị dum site colloid ala. .
Ala bụ usoro nwere mgbagwoju anya mejupụtara na ihe onwunwe.Ala corrosivity bụ n'ihi na synergistic omume nke ọtụtụ ihe.Ya mere, a na-ejikarị usoro nyocha zuru oke iji nyochaa corrosivity nke ala. N'izo aka na "Code for Geotechnical Engineering Investigation" (GB50021-94) na usoro ule nke China Soil Corrosion Test Network, enwere ike nyochaa ọkwa nke ala corrosion dị ka ụkpụrụ ndị na-esonụ si dị: (1) Nnwale na-adịghị ike ma ọ bụ corrosion adịghị ike, ọ bụrụ na ọ dịghị corrosion na-adịghị ike, ọ bụrụ na ọ dịghị corrosion na-adịghị ike. sion;(2) ọ bụrụ na enweghị nrụrụ siri ike, a na-enyocha ya dị ka corrosion na-agafeghị oke;(3) ọ bụrụ na e nwere otu ma ọ bụ abụọ ebe nke siri ike corrosion, ọ na-atụle dị ka ike corrosion;(4) ma ọ bụrụ na e nwere 3 ma ọ bụ karịa ebe nke siri ike corrosion, a na-enyocha ya dị ka ihe siri ike maka corrosion siri ike.
Dị ka ala resistivity, redox ikike, mmiri ọdịnaya, nnu ọdịnaya, pH uru, na Cl- na SO42- ọdịnaya, na corrosion akara ule nke ala samples dị iche iche slopes ka a tụlere n'ụzọ zuru ezu. Nsonaazụ nyocha na-egosi na ala ndị dị na mkpọda niile na-emebi emebi.
Ikike nke corrosion bụ ihe dị mkpa na-emetụta corrosion nke mkpọda nchebe net. The corrosion potentials nke atọ mkpọda bụ ihe niile dị ala karịa -200 mv, nke nwere mmetụta kasị ukwuu na corrosion nke uphill metal ntupu.Potential gradient nwere ike iji na-ekpe ikpe na ịdị ukwuu nke stray ugbu a na ala.Stray ugbu a bụ ihe dị mkpa n'etiti ugwu nke na-emetụta metal slopes. slopes.The ngụkọta soluble ọdịnaya nnu na ala nke elu, n'etiti na ala mkpọda bụ ihe niile n'elu 500 mg / kg, na corrosion mmetụta na mkpọda nchebe net bụ moderate. Ala mmiri ọdịnaya bụ ihe dị mkpa na-emetụta corrosion nke metal meshes na n'etiti mkpọda na ala-mkpọda, na nwere a ukwuu mmetụta na slopeut na corrosion na-eme ka ọtụtụ n'ime ala na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-eme ka ọ dị elu. enwere ihe omume microbial ugboro ugboro na uto osisi ngwa ngwa.
The nnyocha na-egosi na corrosion ikike, nwere gradient, ngụkọta soluble nnu ọdịnaya na mmiri ọdịnaya bụ isi ihe na-emetụta ala corrosion na atọ mkpọda, na ala corrosiveness na-enyocha dị ka strong.The corrosion nke mkpọda nchebe netwọk bụ ihe kasị njọ na mkpọda n'etiti, nke na-enye ntụaka maka mgbochi corrosion imewe nke ala ụgbọ okporo ígwè spropriate fatịlaịza dị na fatịlaịza dị na fatịlaịza na-eme ka fatịlaịza na-eme ka fatịlaịza spropriate dị n'ime ala. na-eto eto, na n'ikpeazụ mee ka mkpọda guzosie ike.
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