Enwere ike kewaa ọkpọkọ n'ime ọkpọkọ ígwè na ọkpọkọ ndị na-abụghị ígwè. A na-ekewakwa ọkpọkọ ígwè n'ime ụdị ferrous na ndị na-abụghị ndị na-emepụta ihe. Ngwongwo ndị na-emepụta ihe na-emekarị bụ ígwè, ebe ndị na-abụghị ndị na-emepụta ihe na-abụghị nke ígwè. nke ọma dị ka ọla kọpa ọkpọkọ, bụ ndị na-abụghị ndị ọkpọkọ ọkpọkọ.Plastic ọkpọkọ, ihe ọkpọkọ, plastic-lined ọkpọkọ, iko-lined ọkpọkọ, ihe-lined ọkpọkọ na ndị ọzọ pụrụ iche ọkpọkọ nke a pụrụ iji maka nzube pụrụ iche na-akpọ ndị na-abụghị ọla pipes.Ferrous metal ọkpọkọ bụ ndị kasị n'ọtụtụ ebe na-eji ọkpọkọ na ike ụlọ ọrụ;A na-eji ọkpọkọ ígwè carbon eme ihe nke ukwuu. Ụkpụrụ ASTM na ASME na-achịkwa ụdị ọkpọkọ dị iche iche na ihe ọkpọkọ eji eme ihe na ụlọ ọrụ nhazi.
Carbon ígwè bụ ígwè a na-ejikarị eme ihe na ụlọ ọrụ, na-aza ihe karịrị 90% nke ngụkọta ígwè mmepụta. Dabere na carbon carbon, carbon steels na-ekewa n'ime atọ atọ:
Na alloy steels, dị iche iche nha nke alloying ọcha na-eji iji nweta chọrọ (mma) Njirimara dị ka weldability, ductility, machinability, ike, hardenability na corrosion iguzogide, wdg.
Igwe anaghị agba nchara bụ ihe eji eme ihe na chromium ọdịnaya nke 10.5% (opekempe) . Igwe anaghị agba nchara na-egosipụta nguzogide corrosion pụrụ iche n'ihi nhazi nke oyi akwa Cr2O3 dị oke mkpa n'elu elu. A na-akpọkwa oyi akwa a dị ka oyi akwa na-agafe agafe. Ịba ụba nke chromium ga-emewanyewanye ihe mgbochi corrosion nke ihe onwunwe, na mgbakwunye na nickel chromium. igwe anaghị agba nchara nwekwara ụdị carbon, silicon na manganese dị iche iche. A na-ekewakwa igwe anaghị agba nchara dịka:
Na mgbakwunye na akara ule ndị a dị n'elu, ụfọdụ ọkwa dị elu (ma ọ bụ akara mmụta pụrụ iche) igwe anaghị agba nchara na-ejikwa na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ bụ:
Ngwá ọrụ ígwè ọrụ nwere nnukwu carbon carbon (0.5% na 1.5%). Ihe dị elu nke carbon na-enye ike na ike dị elu. A na-ejikarị ígwè a eme ihe na-emepụta ngwá ọrụ na ihe ọkpụkpụ.
A na-eji ọkpọkọ ndị a eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe na ụlọ ọrụ usoro.ASTM na ASME designations maka ọkpọkọ na-ele anya dị iche iche, ma akara akara ihe bụ otu.
Ihe mejupụtara na ihe onwunwe dị na koodu ASME na ASTM bụ otu ma e wezụga aha ahụ. Ike nkwụsị nke ASTM A 106 Gr A bụ 330 Mpa, ASTM A 106 Gr B bụ 415 Mpa, na ASTM A 106 Gr C bụ 485 Mpa. Ihe a na-ejikarị eme ihe bụ carbon steel pipe ASTM A 3 ka 106re Mpa, ASTM A 53 (Hot Dip Galvanized or Line Pipe), nke bụkwa ọkwa a na-ejikarị na ọkpọkọ carbon ígwè maka ọkpọkọ.ASTM A 53 dị na ọkwa abụọ:
A na-ekewa ASTM A 53 Pipe ụzọ atọ - Ụdị E (RW - Resistance Welded), Ụdị F (Furnace na Butt Welded), Ụdị S (Seamless) N'ụdị E, ma ASTM A 53 Gr A na ASTM A 53 Gr B dị. N'ụdị F, naanị ASTM A 53 Gr A dị, ebe AS5 dị na ụdị S, Gr. ike nke ASTM A 53 Gr A ọkpọkọ yiri ASTM A 106 Gr A na 330 Mpa. The tensile ike nke ASTM A 53 Gr B ọkpọkọ yiri ASTM A 106 Gr B na 415 Mpa. Nke a na-ekpuchi carbon ígwè ọkwa ọkpọkọ na ọtụtụ-eji na usoro ụlọ ọrụ.
A na-akpọ ọkpọkọ igwe anaghị agba nchara nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe na ụlọ ọrụ nhazi.
Enwere akara ule 18 na nkọwapụta a, nke 304 L bụ ihe a na-ejikarị eme ihe. Otu n'ime ihe ndị a na-ewu ewu bụ 316 L n'ihi na ọ dị elu corrosion resistance.ASTM A 312 (ASME SA 312) maka ọkpọkọ 8 sentimita asatọ ma ọ bụ obere n'obosara. "L" tinyere ọkwa na-egosi na o nwere obere carbon ọdịnaya, nke na-eme ka ọkwa nke ọkpọkọ dịkwuo mma.
Nkọwapụta a na-emetụta nnukwu ọkpọkọ welded dayameta. Usoro ọkpọkọ kpuchiri na nkọwapụta a bụ Nhazi 5S na Nhazi 10.
Weldability nke Austenitic igwe anaghị agba nchara - Austenitic igwe anaghị agba nchara nwere elu thermal mgbasa karịa ferritic ma ọ bụ martensitic igwe anaghị agba nchara.Due ka elu ọnụọgụ nke thermal mgbasa na ala thermal conductivity nke austenitic igwe anaghị agba nchara, deformation ma ọ bụ warpage nwere ike ime n'oge ịgbado ọkụ. ding.
Chromium molybdenum tubing dabara adaba maka ahịrị ọrụ okpomọkụ dị elu n'ihi na ike nkwụsị nke chrome molybdenum tubing na-anọgide na-agbanwe agbanwe n'oge okpomọkụ dị elu. The tube na-achọta ngwa na ụlọ ọrụ ọkụ, ndị na-ekpo ọkụ ọkụ, na ihe ndị yiri ya. The tube bụ ASTM A 335 na ọtụtụ akara ule:
A na-eji ọkpọkọ ihe nkedo eme ihe maka ọkụ ọkụ, nsị, nsị mmiri, ọrụ dị arọ (n'okpuru ọrụ dị arọ) - ọkpọkọ n'okpuru ala na ọrụ ndị ọzọ. Ọkwa nke ọkpọkọ nkedo bụ:
A na-eji ọkpọkọ ọkpọkọ na-arụ ọrụ n'okpuru ala maka ọrụ ọkụ.Dürr ọkpọkọ siri ike n'ihi ọnụnọ nke silicon. A na-eji ọkpọkọ ndị a eme ihe maka ọrụ acid azụmahịa, dị ka ọkwa na-egosi iguzogide acid azụmahịa, na maka ọgwụgwọ mmiri nke na-emepụta ihe mkpofu acid.
Nirmal Surendran Menon natara a Bachelor of Mechanical Engineering si Anna University, Tamil Nadu, India na 2005 na a Master of Science in Project Management si National University of Singapore na 2010.He is in the oil/gas/ Petrochemical industry.He is now working as a field engineer on an LNG liquefaction project in southwest Louisiana.As part of project execug execug system execug .
Ashish nwere akara ugo mmụta bachelor na injinia ma nwee ihe karịrị afọ 20 nke itinye aka na injinia, mmesi obi ike / njikwa mma, ntozu ndị na-ebubata ngwaahịa / nlekota oru, ịzụ ahịa, atụmatụ akụrụngwa nyocha, ịgbado ọkụ, imepụta ihe, owuwu na nkwekọrịta subcontracting.
Ọrụ mmanụ na gas na-adịkarị n'ebe dịpụrụ adịpụ site na isi ụlọ ọrụ. Ugbu a, ọ ga-ekwe omume nyochaa ọrụ mgbapụta, hazie na nyochaa data seismic, na soro ndị ọrụ gburugburu ụwa site na ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ebe ọ bụla.
Debanye aha na OILMAN Taa, akwụkwọ akụkọ kwa izu abụọ na-ebuga na igbe mbata gị yana ihe niile ịchọrọ ịma gbasara ozi azụmaahịa mmanụ na gas, ihe ndị dị ugbu a na ozi ụlọ ọrụ.