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A na-eme nnwale na ọwa akụkụ anọ egbochiri site na ahịrị transverse nke eriri cylindrical anọ nwere mmasị. A na-atụle nrụgide dị n'elu mkpanaka etiti na nrụgide nrụgide n'ofe ọwa ahụ site n'ịgbanwe ihu igwe nke mkpara. d nke na-ejikọta nrụgide na ebe ndị dị oké egwu nke usoro ahụ na akụkụ njirimara nke mkpanaka ahụ. A na-achọta ụkpụrụ nnwere onwe na-ejide maka ọtụtụ nọmba Euler na-egosi nrụgide na ebe dị iche iche, ya bụ ma ọ bụrụ na nrụgide ahụ na-enweghị ihe dị iche iche site na iji ntule nke ntinye ọsọ ọsọ nkịtị na mkpanaka ahụ, setịpụrụ ahụ na-adabere na akụkụ nke ntanye.Enwere ike iji njikọ nke ọkara nke pụtapụtara maka imepụta hydraulics yiri ya.
Ọtụtụ okpomọkụ na uka nyefe ngwaọrụ mejupụtara a set nke modul, ọwa ma ọ bụ sel nke mmiri na-agafe na ọzọ ma ọ bụ na-erughị mgbagwoju esịtidem Ọdịdị dị ka mkpara, buffers, inserts, etc.More nso nso, e nwere ọhụrụ mmasị n'inweta a mma nghọta nke usoro ejikọta esịtidem mgbali nkesa na agha na mgbagwoju internals na n'ozuzu nsogbu dobe nke modul.Among ihe ndị ọzọ sayensị, nke a na-enwe mmasị n'inweta a mma nghọta nke usoro ejikọta esịtidem mgbali nkesa na ndị agha na mgbagwoju internals na n'ozuzu nsogbu dobe nke modul.Among ihe ndị ọzọ, nke sayensị na-enwe mmasị n'inweta a mma nghota nke modul. mulations, na-amụba miniaturization nke ngwaọrụ.Recent nnwale ọmụmụ nke mgbali esịtidem nkesa na losses na-agụnye ọwa roughened dị iche iche ekara ọgịrịga 1, electrochemical reactor cell 2, capillary constriction 3 na lattice etiti ihe 4.
Ihe owuwu dị n'ime ụlọ a na-ahụkarị bụ mkpanaka cylindrical site na modul unit, ma ọ bụ jikọtara ma ọ bụ dịpụrụ adịpụ. N'ime ndị na-ekpo ọkụ ọkụ, nhazi a na-ahụkarị na akụkụ shei. Shell n'akụkụ nrụgide nkwụsị na-ejikọta ya na nhazi nke ndị na-ekpo ọkụ ọkụ dị ka ndị na-emepụta ọkụ ọkụ, condensers na evaporators. N'ọmụmụ ihe na-adịbeghị anya, Wang et al.5 hụrụ reattachment na ngalaba-detachment eruba na-ekwu na a tandem nhazi nke rods.Liu et al.6 tụrụ nrụgide dobe na akụkụ anọ ọwa na wuru na-na abụọ U-ekara tube bundles na dị iche iche ọchịchọ angles na calibrated a numerical nlereanya simulating mkpanaka bundles na porous media.
Dị ka a na-atụ anya ya, e nwere ọtụtụ ihe nhazi nke na-emetụta arụmọrụ hydraulic nke ụlọ akụ cylinder: ụdị nhazi (dịka ọmụmaatụ, staggered ma ọ bụ n'ahịrị), akụkụ ndị ọzọ (dịka, pitch, dayameta, ogologo), na nkuku anya, n'etiti ndị ọzọ. Ọtụtụ ndị edemede lekwasịrị anya n'ịchọta ụkpụrụ na-enweghị isi na-eduzi atụmatụ iji weghara mmetụta jikọtara ọnụ nke geometric parameters.N'ime nnyocha nnwale na-adịbeghị anya, Kim et al.7 tụrụ aro ihe nlereanya porosity dị irè na-eji ogologo nke cell unit dị ka akara njikwa, na-eji tandem na staggered arrays na Reynolds nọmba n'etiti 103 na 104.Snarski8 mụọ otú ike ụdịdị dị iche iche, si accelerometers na hydrophones mmasị na cylinder na a mmiri ọwara, dịgasị iche iche na ọchịchọ nke eruba direction.9 mụọ nkesa mgbidi mgbidi gburugburu mkpanaka cylindrical na yaw airflow.Mityakov et al.10 kpara nkata n'ubi ọsọ mgbe ejiri cylinder stereo PIV.Alam et al.11 duziri a keukwu ọmụmụ nke tandem cylinders, na-elekwasị anya na mmetụta nke Reynolds nọmba na geometric ruru on vortex shedding.Ha nwere ike mata ise na-ekwu, ya bụ kpochidoro, intermittent kpochidoro, dịghị kpochidoro, subharmonic kpochidoro na shiee oyi akwa reattachment states. Na nso nso numerical ọmụmụ na-arụtụ aka guzobe nke flowed site vortex cylinders restructed.
N'ozuzu, hydraulic arụmọrụ nke a unit cell na-atụ anya na-adabere na nhazi na geometry nke esịtidem Ọdịdị, na-emekarị quantified site empirical correlations nke kpọmkwem nnwale nha.N'ọtụtụ ngwaọrụ nke mejupụtara nke oge mmiri mmiri, eruba ụkpụrụ na-emegharị na nke ọ bụla cell, na otú, ozi metụtara sel ndị nnọchiteanya nwere ike iji na-egosipụta mkpokọta hydraulic omume nke Ọdịdị site multiscale ụkpụrụ nke nwere ike na-ebelata ihe ndị a n'ozuzu ụkpụrụ site multiscale ụkpụrụ na-emekarị na-eji ụkpụrụ nke conservation. .A na-ahụkarị ihe atụ bụ ntọhapụ equation maka orifice efere 15. Na pụrụ iche ikpe nke na-achọrọ mkpara, ma na mmachi ma ọ bụ na-emeghe eruba, ihe na-akpali criterion mgbe e zoro aka na akwụkwọ na ndị na-emepụta na-eji bụ ndị na-achị hydraulic ịdị ukwuu (dịka, nrụgide nkwụsị, ike, vortex shedding ugboro, wdg)) na-akpọtụrụ.) ka pendicular na-eruba na akụkụ nke a na-ezokarị ka a na-ezo aka na usoro nke axis. ike na-akpali isi site na inflow nkịtị akụrụngwa na mmetụta nke axial akụrụngwa kwekọọ na cylinder axis bụ negligible.Ọ bụ ezie na e nweghị nkwenye na akwụkwọ na irè nso nke a criterion, n'ọtụtụ ọnọdụ ọ na-enye uru atụmatụ n'ime nnwale ejighị n'aka ahụkarị nke empirical correlations. Na nso nso ọmụmụ na vibrity-abụọ-draducen ụkpụrụ na-agụnye nkezi-n'onwe pharyx1 ụkpụrụ na-agụnye nkezi-abụọ-draduce ụkpụrụ na nkezi otu-phartex 1 ụkpụrụ. g417.
N'ime ọrụ ugbu a, a na-egosipụta nsonaazụ nke nyocha nke nrụgide dị n'ime na nrụgide nrụgide na ọwa nke nwere eriri transverse nke mkpanaka cylindrical anọ nwere mmasị. Measure mgbakọ mkpara atọ dị iche iche na dayameta dị iche iche, na-agbanwe akụkụ nke ọchịchọ. Ihe mgbaru ọsọ n'ozuzu bụ iji nyochaa usoro nke nkesa nrụgide na elu mkpanaka na-ejikọta ya na mkpokọta nrụgide na-etinye n'ime ọwa ahụ na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-eme ka ọ bụrụ na ọwa ahụ na-arụ ọrụ na-eme ihe na-eme ka ọ bụrụ na ọwa ahụ na-eme ka ọ bụrụ na ọwa ahụ na-eme ihe na-eme ka ọ bụrụ na ọwa ahụ na-eme ka ọ bụrụ na ọwa ahụ na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-eme ka ọnyà dị iche iche na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-eme ka ọwa ahụ. nke oge iji nyochaa izi ezi nke ụkpụrụ nnwere onwe. N'ikpeazụ, a na-emepụta njikọ na-enweghị akụkụ nke nwere ike iji chepụta ngwaọrụ hydraulic yiri ya.
Nhazi nnwale ahụ nwere akụkụ nyocha nke akụkụ anọ nke natara ikuku ikuku nke onye fan axial na-enye. Ngalaba ule nwere otu akụkụ nke nwere ogwe abụọ dị n'etiti etiti na ogwe abụọ nke ọkara nke agbakwunyere na mgbidi ọwa, dị ka e gosiri na 1e, niile nke otu dayameta. Ọnụ ọgụgụ 1a-e na-egosi geometry zuru ezu na akụkụ nke usoro nhazi nke ọ bụla.
ngalaba ntinye (ogologo na mm) .Mepụta b site na iji Openscad 2021.01, openscad.org.Ngalaba ule isi (ogologo na mm) .Emepụtara ya na Openscad 2021.01, openscad.org c Cross-section view of the main test section (ogologo na mm) .Emepụtara site na iji Opencad 2021.01 na-emeghe na mmcadle. 1.01, gbawara elele nke ngalaba ule nke openscad.org e.Ekere ya na Openscad 2021.01, openscad.org.
A na-anwale usoro atọ nke mkpara dị iche iche dị iche iche. Isiokwu 1 na-edepụta njirimara geometrical nke ikpe ọ bụla. A na-etinye mkpanaka ahụ na protractor nke mere na akụkụ ha dị n'akụkụ ụzọ ntụgharị nwere ike ịdịgasị iche n'etiti 90 ° na 30 ° (Figures 1b na 3) . A na-eme mkpanaka niile nke igwe anaghị agba nchara na ha na-adabere n'ebe dị anya n'etiti oghere abụọ dị n'èzí site na oghere gars dị n'etiti oghere abụọ ahụ. .
A na-atụle ọnụ ọgụgụ ntinye ntinye nke ngalaba ule site na calibrated venturi, dị ka e gosiri na Figure 2, na nyochaa site na iji DP Cell Honeywell SCX. A na-eji okpomọkụ PT100 na-emepụta ihe na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ na-eji thermometer PT100 na-achịkwa ma na-achịkwa na 45 ± 1 ° C. Iji hụ na nkesa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ma belata ọkwa nke ọgba aghara nke ọwa atọ na-eme ka ọ dị anya site n'ọnụ ụzọ enyo nke ọwa atọ. A na-eji dayameta hydraulic 4 mee ihe n'etiti ihuenyo ikpeazụ na mkpanaka, na ogologo oge ọpụpụ bụ 11 hydraulic diameters.
Eserese atụmatụ nke tube Venturi ejiri tụọ ọsọ nbata mbata (ogologo na millimeters).Ekepụtara ya na Openscad 2021.01, openscad.org.
Nyochaa nrụgide na otu ihu nke mkpanaka etiti site na 0.5 mm na-eme ka ọ dị elu n'etiti ụgbọ elu nke ngalaba ule. Ogologo mgbanaka ahụ kwekọrọ na 5 ° angular span;Ya mere, angular ziri ezi bụ ihe dị ka 2 °. The Monitored mkpanaka nwere ike na-atụgharị banyere ya axis, dị ka e gosiri na Figure 3. The ọdịiche dị n'etiti mkpara elu mgbali na nrụgide n'ọnụ ụzọ nke ule ngalaba na-atụ na a di iche iche DP Cell Honeywell SCX series. Nke a nrụgide dị iche na-atụ maka onye ọ bụla mmanya ndokwa, mgbanwe ọsọ ọsọ, ọchịchọ nke angle \ angle \ angle \ (\ angle)
A na-egosipụta mgbidi na-asọ asọ. A na-egosipụta mgbidi chanel na isi awọ. Ọ na-esi n'aka ekpe gaa n'aka nri ma na-egbochi ya site na mkpanaka. Rịba ama na ele "A" bụ perpendicular na okporo osisi axis. The m mkpara bụ ọkara agbakwunyere na mpụta ọwa mgbidi. A na-eji protractor tụọ akụkụ nke ọchịchọ \ (\ alpha \) .202 emeghe na Opencad.
Ebumnuche nke nnwale ahụ bụ iji tụọ ma kọwaa nrụgide nrụgide n'etiti inlets ọwa na nrụgide dị n'elu mkpanaka etiti, \ (\ theta \) na \ (\ alpha \) maka azimuths na dips dị iche iche. Iji chịkọta nsonaazụ ya, a ga-egosipụta nrụgide dị iche iche n'ụdị enweghị oke dị ka nọmba Euler:
ebe \ (\rho \) bụ njupụta mmiri, \ ({u}_{i} \) bụ pụtara ntinye ọsọ, \ ({p}_{i} \) bụ ntinye mgbali, na \ ({p }_{ w} \) bụ nrụgide na a nyere ebe na mkpara mgbidi. The mbata velocity na-ofu n'ime atọ dị iche iche ranges kpebisiri ike site na oghere nke valvụ 1 m. na ọwa nọmba Reynolds, \(Re\equiv {u}_{i}H/\nu \) (ebe \(H\) bụ elu nke ọwa, na \(\nu \) bụ kinematic viscosity) n'etiti 40,000 na 67,000. The mkpanaka Reynolds nọmba (\(Re\equiv \\) 0 / 0 0 / 0 0 . Oke ọgba aghara nke a na-eme atụmatụ site na ngbanwe ọkọlọtọ nke akara ngosi e dekọrọ na venturi bụ 5% na nkezi.
Ọgụgụ 4 na-egosi njikọ nke \ ({Eu}_{w} \) na azimuth n'akuku \ (\ theta \), parameterized site atọ dip angles, \ (\ alpha \) = 30 °, 50 ° na 70 ° . The nha na-ekewa na atọ graphs dị ka dayameta nke mkpanaka. Ọ nwere ike na-ahụ na Eultain na-eruba n'ime ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị na-adabereghị n'ozuzu ya. θ na-agbaso usoro a na-emekarị nke nrụgide mgbidi gburugburu gburugburu nke ihe mgbochi okirikiri. N'akụkụ ndị na-asọpụta, ya bụ, θ si 0 ruo 90 °, nrụgide mgbidi mkpara na-ebelata, na-erute kacha nta na 90 °, nke kwekọrọ na ọdịiche dị n'etiti mkpanaka ebe ọsọ dị ukwuu n'ihi njedebe mpaghara. N'ikpeazụ, nrụgide nke 0 na-anọgide na 0 ° 0 na-anọgide na-enwe nrụgide site na 0 ° 0. edo n'ihi nkewa nke n'azụ ókèala oyi akwa nke mkpara wall. Rịba ama na ọ dịghị mgbanwe na n'akuku nke kacha nta nrụgide, nke na-atụ aro na o kwere omume ọgba aghara site n'akụkụ shiee n'ígwé, dị ka Coanda mmetụta, bụ nke abụọ.
Mgbanwe nke ọnụ ọgụgụ Euler nke mgbidi gburugburu mkpanaka maka akụkụ dị iche iche na-atụgharị uche na ogwe osisi.
Na ndị na-esonụ, anyị na-enyocha ya pụta dabere n'echiche na Euler nọmba nwere ike mere atụmatụ naanị site geometric parameters, ie njirimara ogologo ruru \ (d / g \) na \ (d / H \) (ebe \ (H \) bụ ọwa elu) na ọchịchọ \ (\ alpha \) .A na-ewu ewu bara uru na-achị isi mkpịsị aka na-ekwu na mmiri structural ike na ya na-arụ ọrụ ike na ya. axis, \({u}_{n}={u}_{i}\mathrm {sin} \ alpha \) .A na-akpọ nke a mgbe ụfọdụ ụkpụrụ nke nnwere onwe. Otu n'ime ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke nyocha ndị a bụ iji nyochaa ma ụkpụrụ a na-emetụta okwu anyị, ebe eruba na ihe mgbochi na-emechi n'ime ọwa mechiri emechi.
Ka anyị tụlee nrụgide a tụrụ n'ihu n'ihu mkpanaka etiti etiti, ie θ = 0. Dị ka nha Bernoulli si kwuo, nrụgide dị na ọnọdụ a \ ({p}_{o} \) na-eju afọ:
ebe \ ({i} {u}}) bu uzo mmiri di nso na-enwe ike na \ (\ thata = 0 \) na-esite na ya ({eu _} The Top na ala nke ngalaba ule ahụ, ntụpọ a kwesịrị ịmepụta ọkwa nke abụọ, ịbawanye velocity velocity na ala ma na-agbada na-enweghị atụ na ala.
Ọgụgụ 5 na-atụnyere nha nha. p}_{e} \), Ọzọkwa na-agbaso usoro nke kwekọrọ na \ ({\mathrm{sin}} ^ {2} \ alpha \) .N'okwu abụọ ahụ, Otú ọ dị, ọnụọgụgụ na-adabere na dayameta mkpanaka, nke bụ ihe ezi uche dị na ya ebe ọ bụ na nke ikpeazụ na-ekpebi ebe a na-egbochi ya. Nke a na-eme ka ọ dị ka nkwụsị nrụgide nke efere orifice, ebe a na-eme ka ọwa mmiri na-agbapụta n'akụkụ a na-ebelata ọrụ nke orifice n'etiti ebe a na-arụ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ na orifice. N'okwu a, nrụgide ahụ na-adaba n'ụzọ dị ukwuu na nkwụsịtụ na akụkụ ụfọdụ na-agbake ka ọ na-amụba azụ azụ. N'ịtụle ihe mgbochi ahụ dị ka ngọngọ perpendicular na axis mkpanaka, nrụgide nrụgide n'etiti ihu na azụ nke mkpanaka nwere ike dee dị ka 18:
ebe \({c}_{d}\) bụ ọnụọgụ ọnụọgụ na-akọwa mgbake akụkụ akụkụ nrụgide n'etiti θ = 90° na θ = 180°, na \({A}_{m}\) na \ ({A}_{f}\) bụ nke kacha nta free cross-ngalaba kwa unit ogologo perpendicular na mkpanaka axis, na ya na-mmekọrịta na {{A} _{m} (g+d\nri)/g\) Nọmba Euler kwekọrọ bụ:
Nọmba Euler mgbidi na \ (\ theta = 0 \) dị ka ọrụ nke dip. Usoro a dabara na nha nha.(3) .Ekere ya na Gnuplot 5.4, www.gnuplot.info.
Nọmba mgbidi Euler na-agbanwe, na \ (\theta = 18 {0} ^ {o} \) (akara zuru ezu) na ọpụpụ (akara ngosi efu) na dip. Akpụkpọ ụkwụ ndị a kwekọrọ n'ụkpụrụ nke nnwere onwe, ntụgharị \ (Eu \ propto {\mathrm {sin}} ^ {2} \ alpha \) . Mepụtara na Gnuplot 5.4, na www.gnup.
Ọgụgụ 7 na-egosi ndabere nke \({Eu}_{0-180}/{\mathrm{sin}}}^{2}\alpha \) na \(d/g\), na-egosi oké Good anọgidesi. ka ngalaba ule na-agbaso usoro yiri nke ahụ, ma na ọnụọgụ dị iche iche nke na-eburu n'uche mgbake nrụgide na oghere azụ n'etiti mmanya na nkwụsị nke ọwa ahụ. Ihe kwekọrọ na-adọkpụrụ bụ \ ({c}_{d}=1.00 \ pm 0.05 \) na ntụkwasị obi larịị nke 67%.
The drag coefficient na metụtara \ (d/g \) pressure drop fore and aft of the rod \(\ left({Eu}_{0-180}\ right) \) na ngụkọta nrụgide dobe n'etiti ọwa ntinye na ntinye. The isi awọ ebe bụ 67% ntụkwasị obi band maka correlation. Mepụtara na Gnuplot 5.gnupfo.
Opekempe nrụgide \ ({p}} {90}) na mkpanaka dị n'elu θ = 90}} ({i}}) na oghere dị n'etiti ogwe ( Atọrọ n'etiti etiti ọwa ahụ) metụtara ihe ndị a:
Nrụgide \ ({p}_{g} \) nwere ike jikọta ya na nrụgide elu mkpanaka na θ = 90 ° site na ijikọta nkesa nrụgide n'elu oghere na-ekewa mkpanaka etiti n'etiti etiti etiti na mgbidi (lee foto 8).The itule nke ike na-enye 19:
ebe \ (y \) bụ nchikota nkịtị na mkpanaka elu si n'etiti ebe nke ọdịiche dị n'etiti Central mkpara, na \ (K \) bụ curvature nke ugbu a akara na ọnọdụ \ (y \) .N'ihi na analytical nwale nke nrụgide na mkpara elu, anyị na-eche na \ ({u}_{g} \) bụ edo na \ (K\ left) bụ nchikota nke ziri ezi site n'usoro (y\ar). N'elu mgbidi mkpara, a na-ekpebi curvature site na ellipse ngalaba nke mkpanaka na angle \ (\ alpha \), ie \ (K \ ekpe(g/2 \ right) = \ ekpe (2/d \ nri) {\ mathrm {sin} } ^ {2} \ alpha \) = (lee Figure 8) = Mgbe ahụ, banyere curvature nke eluigwe na ala (\n' streamline na streamline) (mgbe ahụ, banyere curvature nke eluigwe na ala. ordinate \(y\) nyere site na:
Nleba anya n'ofe akụkụ, n'ihu (aka ekpe) na n'elu (n'okpuru).Ejiri Microsoft Word 2019 mepụta,
N'aka nke ọzọ, site na nchekwa nke uka, nkezi ọsọ n'ime ụgbọ elu dabere n'ofe n'ebe nha \(\langle {u}_{g}\rangle \) jikọtara ya na ọsọ mbata:
ebe \({A}_{i}\) bụ ebe mgbaba n'ofe nke dị na ntinye ọwa na \({A}_{g}\) bụ mpaghara ngafe n'akụkụ ebe a na-atụ ihe (lee foto 8) n'otu n'otu site na:
Rịba ama na \({u}_{g} \) adịghị nhata na \(\langle {u}_{g}\rangle \) .N'ezie, foto 9 na-egosi oke ọsọ \ ({u}_{g}/\langle {u}_{g} \rangle \), gbakọọ site na nha nhata.(10)–(14), kpara nkata dị ka akụkụ nke ụfọdụ \re spite, nke a ga-achọpụta n'ụdị ụfọdụ \(d/m). site na polynomial usoro nke abụọ:
Oke nke kacha\({u}_{g}\) na nkezi\(\langle {u}_{g}\rangle \) velocities of the channel center cross-section\(.\) The solid and dashed curves kwekọrọ na equations.(5) na mgbanwe nso nke kwekọrọ ekwekọ coefficients \ (\pm 25 \% \), emepụtara na Glot.4.
Ọgụgụ 10 tụlere \({Eu}_{90}\) na nsonaazụ nnwale nke nhatanha.(16) .Ihe ngbanwe nke ikwu bụ 25%, na ọkwa ntụkwasị obi bụ 95%.
Nọmba mgbidi Euler na \(\theta ={90}^{o}\) . Usoro a dabara na nhata.(16) .Ejikere Gnuplot 5.4, www.gnuplot.info.
Enwere ike ịgbakọ ike ụgbụ \({f}_{n}\) nke na-arụ ọrụ na mkpanaka etiti n'akụkụ axis ya site na ijikọta nrụgide dị n'elu mkpanaka ahụ dị ka ndị a:
ebe ọnụọgụ mbụ bụ ogologo mkpanaka n'ime ọwa ahụ, a na-eme njikọ ahụ n'etiti 0 na 2π.
Ntụle nke \ ({f}_{n}\) na ntụzịaka nke mmiri na-asọ kwesịrị dakọtara na nrụgide dị n'etiti ntinye na ntinye nke ọwa ahụ, ma ọ bụrụ na esemokwu dị na mkpanaka ahụ ma dị ntakịrị n'ihi mmepe ezughị ezu nke akụkụ nke ikpeazụ.Ya mere,
Ihe osise 11 na-egosi eserese nke nha anya. (20) gosipụtara nkwekọrịta dị mma maka ọnọdụ nnwale niile. Otú ọ dị, e nwere ntakịrị 8% ntụgharị n'aka nri, nke nwere ike ịpụta ma jiri ya mee ihe dị ka atụmatụ nke nkwụsịtụ ọkụ n'etiti ntinye na ntinye ọwa.
Ọwa ike itule.The akara kwekọrọ na nhatanha.(20) .Pearson correlation ọnụọgụ bụ 0.97. Kere ya na Gnuplot 5.4, www.gnuplot.info.
Na-agbanwe agbanwe n'akuku nke mkpisi nke mkpanaka ahụ, nrụgide dị na mgbidi mkpanaka ahụ na nkwụsị nrụgide na ọwa na eriri transverse nke eriri cylindrical anọ na-atụgharị. A nwalere mgbakọ mkpanaka atọ dị iche iche dị iche iche. N'ime ọnụ ọgụgụ Reynolds a nwalere, n'etiti 2500 na 6500, n'etiti 2500 na 6500, a na-ahụta nrụgide n'elu ọnụ ọgụgụ nke Euler nke na-emekarị n'elu. kacha na n'ihu na kacha nta na mpụta ọdịiche dị n'etiti mkpanaka, na-agbake na azụ akụkụ n'ihi oke oyi akwa nkewa.
A na-enyocha data nnwale site na iji nleba anya nchekwa ọkụ ọkụ na nyocha nke ọkara iji chọta ọnụọgụ ọnụọgụ na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe nke metụtara ọnụọgụ Euler na akụkụ njirimara nke ọwa na mkpanaka. A na-egosipụta njirimara geometric niile nke igbochi n'ụzọ zuru oke site na oke dị n'etiti mkpanaka mkpanaka na ọdịiche dị n'etiti mkpanaka (n'akụkụ) na elu ọwa (nke kwụ ọtọ).
Achọpụtara ụkpụrụ nnwere onwe ka ọ na-ejide maka ọtụtụ nọmba Euler nke na-akọwa nrụgide n'ebe dị iche iche, ya bụ, ọ bụrụ na nrụgide enweghị oke site na iji ntule nke ọsọ ọsọ nke mkpara ahụ, setịpụ na-adabere na nkuku ntanye.Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, njirimara ahụ metụtara oke na ike nke na-asọba Usoro nchekwa ahụ na-agbanwe agbanwe ma na-akwado ụkpụrụ iwu nke dị n'elu. Naanị mkpara elu nrụgide dị na ọdịiche dị n'etiti mkpanaka na-atụgharị ntakịrị site na ụkpụrụ a. Dimensionless semi-empirical correlations na-emepụta nke nwere ike iji chepụta ngwaọrụ hydraulic yiri nke a. Nke a oge gboo obibia kwekọrọ na nso nso a na-akọ hydrauhydrauhydrauhydrauhydraulic ngwa. 1,22,23,24.
Nsonaazụ na-adọrọ mmasị karịsịa sitere na nyocha nke nkwụsị nrụgide n'etiti ntinye na ntinye nke ngalaba ule. N'ime nnwale nnwale ahụ, ihe na-akpata drag coefficient na-eme ka ịdị n'otu, nke na-egosi ịdị adị nke ihe ndị a na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe:
Rịba ama nha \(\ left(d/g+2\right)d/g\) dị n'ọnụọgụgụ nke nhatanha ahụ.(23) bụ oke n'ime akara aka n'usoro nhata.(4), ma ọ bụghị ya, enwere ike gbakọọ ya na opekempe na free cross-section perpendicular to the stick, \({A}_{m}\) \({A}_{m}\) _({A}_{m}\) nke a na-atụ aro na Rey na nso bụ n'ime ọnụ ọgụgụ ({}) ọmụmụ ihe ugbu a (40,000-67,000 maka ọwa na 2500-6500 maka mkpanaka) . Ọ dị mkpa iburu n'obi na ọ bụrụ na e nwere ọdịiche okpomọkụ n'ime ọwa ahụ, ọ nwere ike imetụta njupụta nke mmiri. N'okwu a, mgbanwe mgbanwe dị na nọmba Euler nwere ike ime atụmatụ site n'ịba ụba ọnụọgụ mgbasawanye thermal site na oke okpomọkụ a na-atụ anya ya.
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