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N'akwụkwọ a, a na-emepụta 220GHz broadband high-power interleaved double-blade traveling tube tube na verified.First, a planar double-beam staggered double-blade slow-wave Ọdịdị na-atụ aro. Site n'iji usoro ọrụ abụọ na-arụ ọrụ, ọrụ nnyefe na bandwidth fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ okpukpu abụọ nke otu-mode. abụọ pensụl ekara electronic ngwa anya usoro e mere, na-akwọ ụgbọala voltaji bụ 20 ~ 21 kV, na nke ugbu a bụ 2 × 80 mA.Design goals.By iji nkpuchi akụkụ na akara electrode na abụọ doo egbe, abụọ pensụl ibé nwere ike na-elekwasị anya tinyere ha iche centers na mkpakọ ruru nke 7, na-elekwasị anya anya bụ banyere 0.18mm na-elekwasị anya usoro, na-edo onwe ya bụ nkwụsi ike nnyefe bụ mma usoro. anya nke planar abụọ elektrọn doo nwere ike iru 45 mm, na-elekwasị anya magnetik ubi bụ 0.6 T, nke bụ zuru ezu na-ekpuchi dum elu ugboro usoro (HFS) .Mgbe ahụ, iji nyochaa na usability nke eletrọn-ngwa anya usoro na arụmọrụ nke ngwa ngwa-ebili mmiri Ọdịdị, urughuru cell (PIC) simulations e nwekwara rụrụ na dum HFS be-mmetụta ike mmepụta nke na-egosi na nso nso a usoro mmepụta nke HFS. 310 W na 220 GHz, voltaji ọkụ kachasị mma bụ 20.6 kV, ọkụ ọkụ dị ugbu a bụ 2 × 80 mA, uru bụ 38 dB, na 3-dB bandwit karịrị 35 dB banyere 70 GHz. N'ikpeazụ, a na-arụ ọrụ mmepụta ihe microstructure dị elu nke ọma iji chọpụta na a na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma na HFS na-arụ ọrụ na ntinye aka na njirimara bandwidth. nsonaazụ ịme anwansị.Ya mere, a na-atụ anya na atụmatụ a tụrụ aro n'akwụkwọ a ga-emepe ike dị elu, ultra-broadband terahertz-band radieshon nke nwere ike maka ngwa n'ọdịnihu.
Dị ka a omenala agụụ electronic ngwaọrụ, na-ejegharị ejegharị ebili mmiri tube (TWT) na-arụ ọrụ na-apụghị dochie anya na ọtụtụ ngwa dị ka elu-mkpebi radar, satellite nkwurịta okwu usoro, na ohere exploration1,2,3. Otú ọ dị, dị ka ugboro ugboro na-abanye na terahertz band, na omenala jikọtara-cavity TWT na helical TWT enwebeghị ike izute ndị mmadụ na-arụpụta ike dị ala n'ihi na ike na-arụpụta ike dị ala. usoro.Ya mere, otú comprehensively melite arụmọrụ nke THz gbalaga aghọwo a nnọọ nchegbu nke ọtụtụ ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị nnyocha oru.Na-adịbeghị anya, novel nwayọọ-wave Ọdịdị (SWSSs), dị ka staggered dual-agụba (SDV) Ọdịdị na apịaji waveguide (FW) owuwu, natara ọtụtụ anya n'ihi na ha eke planar Ọdịdị na SDmiposed bụ provel. UC-Davis na 20084. Enwere ike ịmepụta usoro nhazi ngwa ngwa site na usoro nhazi micro-nano dị ka njikwa ọnụọgụ kọmputa (CNC) na UV-LIGA, nhazi ngwugwu nke metal niile nwere ike inye ikike okpomọkụ ka ukwuu na ike mmepụta dị elu na uru, na ihe owuwu nke na-agbagharị agbagharị nwekwara ike ịnye nnukwu ọrụ bandwidth na-arụ ọrụ. ihe dị elu na-emepụta ihe karịrị 100 W na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ 14 GHz bandwidth mgbaàmà na G-band5. Otú ọ dị, nsonaazụ ndị a ka nwere oghere ndị na-enweghị ike izute ihe ndị metụtara ya chọrọ nke ike dị elu na bandwidth obosara na band terahertz. N'ihi na UC-Davis's G-band SDV-TWT, mpempe akwụkwọ electron ibé e ji mee ihe. na enweghị ntụkwasị obi nke mpempe akwụkwọ elektrọn optical system (EOS), na enwere ọwara ọkụ na-agafe agafe, nke nwekwara ike ime ka osisi ahụ na-achịkwa onwe ya. - Mkpali na oscillation 6,7. Iji mezuo ihe ndị a chọrọ nke ike mmepụta dị elu, nnukwu bandwit na ezigbo nkwụsi ike nke THz TWT, a na-atụ aro ka a na-emepụta ike nkesa abụọ SDV-SWS n'ime akwụkwọ a. Nke ahụ bụ, iji mee ka bandwidth na-arụ ọrụ dịkwuo elu, a na-atụ aro ọrụ abụọ-mode ma webata ya na nhazi a. Na, iji mee ka ike nkesa pensụl na-eme ka pensụl na-arụ ọrụ okpukpu abụọ. redio beam dị ntakịrị n'ihi nkwụsị nha kwụ ọtọ.Ọ bụrụ na njupụta dị ugbu a dị oke elu, a ghaghị ibelata ọkụ ọkụ ugbu a, na-eme ka ọ dị ntakịrị mmepụta ike. Iji meziwanye ọkụ ọkụ ugbu a, planar na-ekesa multibeam EOS apụtawo, nke na-erigbu akụkụ akụkụ nke SWS.N'ihi nkwụsịtụ nke onwe ya, na-eme ka a na-ekesa ihe ọkụkụ dị elu nke dị ugbu a nwere ike ịnọgide na-enwe ike ịrụ ọrụ dị elu site n'ịdị elu nke dị ugbu a. beam, nke nwere ike zere overmode doo tunneling tụnyere mpempe akwụkwọ-obe ngwaọrụ.Ya mere, ọ bara uru ịnọgide na-enwe nkwụsi ike nke na-ejegharị ejegharị ife tube.On ndabere nke gara aga work8,9, akwụkwọ a obụp a G-band edo magnetik ubi ilekwasị anya abụọ pensụl doo EOS, nke nwere ike dị ukwuu melite kwụsiri ike nnyefe anya nke doo na n'ihu dịkwuo n'ebe ahụ ike mmekọrịta dị ukwuu ebe.
Ihe owuwu nke akwụkwọ a dị ka nke a. Nke mbụ, a na-akọwapụta ihe nhazi cell SWS na parampat, njirimara mgbasa ozi mgbasa ozi na nsonaazụ mmetụ dị elu ugboro ugboro. Mgbe ahụ, dị ka nhazi nke cell unit ahụ, a na-emepụta pensụl pensụl abụọ EOS na usoro mmekọrịta osisi na akwụkwọ a. A na-ewepụtakwa nsonaazụ ịme anwansị nke intracellular iji nyochaa ojiji nke EOS na arụmọrụ nke SDV-TW na-arụ ọrụ n'oge na-adịbeghị anya. nyochaa izi ezi nke HFS dum. N'ikpeazụ mee nchịkọta.
Dị ka otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị mkpa akụrụngwa nke TWT, na dispersive Njirimara nke ngwa ngwa-efegharị Ọdịdị Ọdịdị na-egosi ma eletrọn ọsọ na-adaba na-adọ ọsọ nke SWS, ma si otú nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na doo-ebili mmiri interaction.To imeziwanye arụmọrụ nke dum TWT, ihe ka mma mmekọrịta Ọdịdị e haziri.The Ọdịdị nke unit cell na-egosi na Figure 1stability nke unit ike na-n'ime mpempe akwụkwọ 1stability. beam, ihe owuwu ahụ na-eji mkpịsị mkpịsị abụọ mee ka ọ dịkwuo mma mmepụta ike na nkwụsi ike ọrụ. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, iji dịkwuo na-arụ ọrụ bandwit, a dual mode e tụrụ aro ka SWS arụ ọrụ.Due ka symmetry nke SDV Ọdịdị, ihe ngwọta nke electromagnetic ubi dispersion equation nwere ike kewara n'ime odd na ọbụna modes.N'otu oge ahụ, ndị fundamental odd mode nke obere ugboro band na nke bụ isi ọbụna mode nke elu ugboro band na-eji na-aghọta na brọdband na-emeziwanye mmekọrịta nke na-arụ ọrụ bandwit n'ebe ahụ.
Dị ka ike chọrọ, dum tube e mere na a na-anya ụgbọ ala voltaji nke 20 kV na a abụọ doo ugbu a nke 2 × 80 mA. Iji kwekọọ na voltaji dị ka o kwere omume na-arụ ọrụ bandwit nke SDV-SWS, anyị kwesịrị gbakọọ ogologo oge p.The mmekọrịta dị n'etiti beam voltaji na oge e gosiri na nhata (1) 10:
Site n'itinye ngbanwe oge na 2.5π na etiti etiti nke 220 GHz, oge p nwere ike gbakọọ ka ọ bụrụ 0.46 mm.Figure 2a na-egosi njirimara mgbasa nke SWS unit cell. The 20 kV beamline dakọtara na bimodal curve nke ọma. Njikọ ugboro ugboro nwere ike iru gburugburu 70 GHz na 510GHz mode (510 GHz). 265.4-280 GHz (ọbụlagodi ụdịdị).Ọgụgụ 2b na-egosi nkezi njikọ njikọ, nke karịrị 0.6 Ω site na 210 ruo 290 GHz, na-egosi na mmekọrịta siri ike nwere ike ime na bandwit na-arụ ọrụ.
(a) Àgwà mgbasa nke ụdị SDV-SWS nke nwere eriri eletrọn 20 kV.
Otú ọ dị, ọ dị mkpa iburu n'obi na e nwere ọdịiche dị n'etiti ọdịiche dị iche iche na ọbụna ụdịdị, na anyị na-ezokarị aka na ọdịiche a dị ka nkwụsị nkwụsị, dị ka e gosiri na Figure 2a. Ọ bụrụ na a na-arụ ọrụ TWT n'akụkụ ebe a na-agba ọsọ ugboro ugboro, ike na-ejikọta ike siri ike nwere ike ime, nke ga-eduga na oscillations na-achọghị.Na ngwa bara uru, anyị na-ezere iji TWT dị nso na njedebe nke nkwụsị nke a nwere ike ịhụ ngwa ngwa. naanị 0.1 GHz. Ọ na-esiri ike ikpebi ma obere oghere a na-akpata oscillations. Ya mere, a ga-enyocha nkwụsi ike nke ọrụ na gburugburu nkwụsị nkwụsị na ngalaba simulation PIC na-esonụ iji nyochaa ma ọ bụrụ na oscillations na-achọghị nwere ike ime.
The nlereanya nke dum HFS na-e gosiri na Figure 3.It mejupụtara abụọ nkebi nke SDV-SWS, jikọọ Bragg reflectors. The ọrụ nke reflector bụ ebipụ mgbaàmà nnyefe n'etiti abụọ nkebi, ebelata oscillation na echiche nke na-adịghị arụ ọrụ ụdịdị dị ka elu-iji ụdịdị eme n'etiti elu na ala agụba, si otú ahụ na-emeziwanye na di na nwunye na nkwụsi ike na gburugburu ebe obibi nke eriri nke ala agụba. A na-ejikwa SWS jikọọ na WR-4 ọkọlọtọ waveguide. A na-atụle ọnụọgụ nnyefe nke nhazi ọkwa abụọ site na onye na-edozi oge na 3D simulation software. N'ịtụle mmetụta n'ezie nke terahertz band na ihe ahụ, a na-ebu ụzọ tinye ihe nke envelopu oghere na ọla kọpa, na conductivity na-ebelata na 2.27 × 102.
Ọnụ ọgụgụ 4 na-egosi nsonaazụ nnyefe maka HFS na ndị na-enweghị eriri tapered couplers. Nsonaazụ na-egosi na onye na-emekọ ihe na-enwe mmetụta dị nta na ọrụ nnyefe nke HFS dum. Nkwụghachi azụ (S11 <- 10 dB) na ntinye ntinye (S21> - 5 dB) nke usoro dum na 207 ~ 280 GHz mgbasa ozi mgbasa ozi na-egosi na HFS nwere ezigbo mgbasa ozi mgbasa ozi.
Dị ka ike ọkọnọ nke agụụ electronic ngwaọrụ, na eletrọn egbe kpọmkwem na-ekpebi ma ngwaọrụ nwere ike igbanye ezu mmepụta power.Combined na analysis nke HFS na Nkebi nke Abụọ, a dual-beam EOS kwesịrị ka e mere iji nye zuru ezu power.In akụkụ a, dabere na gara aga na-arụ ọrụ na W-band8,9, a abụọ pensụl elektrọn egbe e mere iji a planar nkpuchi akụkụ na ịchịkwa electrodes dị ka e gosiri First nke S.A. 2 , na-akwọ ụgbọala voltaji Ua nke electron doo na ibido atọrọ ka 20 kV, okwukwo I nke abụọ electron ibé bụ ma 80 mA, na doo dayameta dw nke electron ibé bụ 0,13 mm. N'otu oge ahụ, iji hụ na nke ugbu a njupụta nke electron doo na mpikota onu nke electron nwere ike imezu nke electron nwere ike imezu nke 7. ya mere njupụta ugbu a nke electron doo bụ 603 A / cm2, na njupụta ugbu a nke cathode bụ 86 A / cm2, nke nwere ike nweta site na nke a na-enweta site na iji ihe ọhụrụ cathode. Dị ka imewe tiori 14, 15, 16, 17, a ahụkarị Pierce electron egbe pụrụ iche.
Ihe osise 5 na-egosi ihe osise dị n'ihu na nke kwụ ọtọ nke égbè ahụ, n'otu n'otu. Enwere ike ịhụ na profaịlụ nke egbe eletrọn na x-direction fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nke a na-ahụkarị na mpempe akwụkwọ eletrọn, ebe na y-direction na-ekewapụ ogwe ọkụ eletrik abụọ site na nkpuchi. Ọnọdụ nke abụọ cathodes, na = 5 mm0 = x5 -0 = x5 mm0 = x 5 mm0 = 1 mm0 = x 5 mm0 = x 5 mm0 = x 5 mm0 = x 5 mm0 = x 5 mm0 = x 5 mm0 = x 5 mm0 = x 5 mm0 = x 5 mm0 = x 5 mm0 = x 5 mm0 = x 5 mm0 = x 5 mm0 = x 5 mm0 = x5 = 5 mm0 = x5 = 5 mm0 na x5 = 5 mm0 = x5 mm0 na x5 mm0. 0.155 mm, y = 0 mm, n'otu n'otu. Dị ka a chọrọ imewe nke mkpakọ ratio na electron injection size, akụkụ nke abụọ cathode elu na-ekpebi na-0.91 mm × 0.13 mm.
Iji mee ka ọkụ eletrik na-elekwasị anya na-enweta site na ọkụ eletrik ọ bụla na x-direction symmetrical banyere etiti nke ya, akwụkwọ a na-emetụta electrode na-achịkwa na egbe egbe. ezigbo mkpakọ na y-direction, na nke ọ bụla eletrọn doo na-agbakọta n'ebe x-direction n'akụkụ nke ya center nke symmetry, nke na-egosi na njikwa eletrọnịkị na-edozi ọkụ eletrik na-enweghị nhata nke electrode na-elekwasị anya na-emepụta.
Ọnụ ọgụgụ 7 na-egosi envelopu beam na ntụziaka x na y. Nsonaazụ na-egosi na ntule anya nke electron beam na x-direction dị iche na nke ahụ na y-direction. Ntuba anya na x direction bụ ihe dị ka 4mm, na nkedo anya na y ntụziaka dị nso na 7mm. N'ihi ya, n'ezie ịtụfu anya kwesịrị ịhọrọ n'etiti 4 na electroseam 8 mm. 4.6 mm site na cathode surface. Anyị nwere ike ịhụ na ọdịdị nke obe akụkụ dị nso na ọkọlọtọ okirikiri electron beam.The anya n'etiti abụọ electron ibé dị nso na e mere 0.31 mm, na radius bụ banyere 0.13 mm, nke na-ezute imewe chọrọ. Figure 9 na-egosi simulation nke simulation nke osisi na ugbu a na nkwekọrịta, nke 7 nwere ike ịhụ na ọ dị mma. 80mA emebere.
N'iburu n'uche mgbanwe nke voltaji na-agba ọsọ na ngwa ndị bara uru, ọ dị mkpa iji mụọ ihe nhụsianya nke ihe nlereanya a. N'ihe dị iche iche nke voltaji nke 19.8 ~ 20.6 kV, a na-enweta envelopes dị ugbu a na beam ugbu a, dị ka e gosiri na Figure 1 na Figure 1.10 na 11. Site na nsonaazụ ya, a pụrụ ịhụ na mgbanwe nke voltaji na-akwọ ụgbọala na-enwe mmetụta na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe na electron ugbu a. 0.74 ruo 0.78 A.Ya mere, enwere ike iwere ya na egbe eletrọn e mere n'akwụkwọ a nwere mmetụta dị mma na voltaji.
Mmetụta nke mgbanwe voltaji nke ịnya ụgbọ ala na envelopes beam x- na y-direction.
A edo magnetik na-elekwasị anya ubi bụ a nkịtị na-adịgide adịgide magnet ilekwasị anya system.Due ka edo magnetik nkesa ofụri doo ọwa, ọ bụ nnọọ adabara axisymmetric electron ibé.Na nkebi a, a edo magnetik ilekwasị anya usoro maka ịnọgide na-enwe ogologo nnyefe nke abụọ pensụl ibé bụ proposed.Sy nyochara na eme magnetik ubi na doo envelopu, na usoro imewe bụ proposed nsogbu. amụ.Dịka ike nnyefe tiori nke otu pensụl beam18,19, na Brillouin magnetik uru nwere ike gbakọọ site nhata (2) .Na akwụkwọ a, anyị na-ejikwa nke a nhata na-eme atụmatụ na magnetik ubi nke a laterally ekesa abụọ pensụl beam.Combined na eletrọn egbe e mere na akwụkwọ a, gbakọọ magnetik ubi uru bụ banyere .40. 20, 1.5-2 ugboro a gbakọọ uru na-ahọrọkarị na atụmatụ bara uru.
Ọgụgụ 12 na-egosi Ọdịdị nke a edo magnetik Field ilekwasị anya n'ọhịa system.The-acha anụnụ anụnụ akụkụ bụ magnet na-adịgide adịgide magnetized na axial direction.Material nhọrọ bụ NdFeB ma ọ bụ FeCoNi.The remanence Br set na simulation nlereanya bụ 1.3 T na permeability bụ 1.05.In iji hụ na ike nnyefe nke doo na ogologo nke ndọtị, nke mbụ setịpụrụ size nke 7 mm. magnet na x direction na-ekpebi ma transverse magnetik ọwa na doo ọwa bụ edo, nke na-achọ ka size na x direction enweghị ike ịbụ oke obere. N'otu oge ahụ, na-atụle na-eri na arọ nke dum tube, size nke magnetik ekwesịghị ịbụ nke ukwuu. Ya mere, ndị ndọta na-na-mmalite ka 150 mm × 150 mm × 150 mm × 70 mmle na-elekwasị anya na sekit nwere ike na-elekwasị anya na sekit. Sistemu, ebe dị n'etiti magnets ka atọrọ ka 20mm.
Na 2015, Purna Chandra Panda21 tụrụ aro a osisi ibe na a ọhụrụ steepụ oghere na a edo magnetik elekwasị anya usoro, nke nwere ike n'ihu belata ịdị ukwuu nke flux leakage na cathode na transverse magnetik emepụta na osisi mpempe akwụkwọ hole. N'akwụkwọ a, anyị na-agbakwunye a steepụ Ọdịdị na okporo osisi mpempe akwụkwọ nke pole na-elekwasị anya usoro, The ọkpụrụkpụ nke mbụ ibe nke pole na-esetịpụ. nzọụkwụ atọ bụ 0.5mm, ebe dị anya n'etiti oghere mkpirisi osisi bụ 2mm, dị ka egosiri na foto 13.
Ọgụgụ 14a na-egosi na axial magnetik nkesa nkesa tinyere centerlines nke abụọ electron ibé.Ọ pụrụ ịhụ na ndọta ndị agha tinyere abụọ electron ibé bụ equal.The magnetik uru bara ihe dị ka 6000 Gs, nke bụ 1.5 ugboro theoretical Brillouin ubi na-amụba nnyefe na-elekwasị anya arụmọrụ. N'otu oge ahụ, cathode na-eme ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ubi magnetik nwere ihe dị ka 6000 Gs. mmetụta dị mma na igbochi magnetik flux leakage.Figure 14b na-egosi transverse magnetik nkesa nkesa Site na z direction na elu nsọtụ nke abụọ electron ibé.Ọ pụrụ ịhụ na transverse magnetik ubi bụ ihe na-erughị 200 Gs naanị na okporo osisi mpempe oghere, mgbe na ngwa ngwa-efegharị efegharị circuit, transverse magnetik ubi fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ efu, nke na-egosi na transverse magnetik ubi bụ ihe na-egosi na transverse magnetik ubi bụ ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ efu, nke na-egosi na ikuku magnetik. negligible. Iji gbochie magnetik saturation nke okporo osisi iberibe, ọ dị mkpa na-amụ magnetik ike ubi n'ime osisi iberibe. Figure 14c na-egosi na zuru oke uru nke magnetik nkesa n'ime osisi piece.It nwere ike ịhụ na zuru oke uru nke magnetik ike bụ ihe na-erughị 1.2T, na-egosi na magnetik saturation nke pole ibe agaghị eme.
Ike nkesa magnetik maka Br = 1.3 T. (a) Axial ubi nkesa.(b) N'akụkụ nkesa nkesa site na z direction.(c) Uru zuru oke nke nkesa ubi n'ime ogwe osisi.
Dabere na modul CST PS, a na-emezi ọnọdụ ikwu axial nke egbe beam abụọ na usoro na-elekwasị anya. Dị ka Ref. 9 na simulations, ezigbo ebe bụ ebe anode ibe overlaps na osisi ibe pụọ na magnet. Otú ọ dị, ọ chọpụtara na ọ bụrụ na remanence e atọrọ 1.3T, transmittance nke electron doo apụghị iru 99% .Site na-abawanye remanence na 1.4 T, na-elekwasị anya magnetik ubi ga-amụba na 6.500m traject na trazyoz traject na Gyoz 6500 . A na-egosi ụgbọ elu na eserese 15. Enwere ike ịhụ na ọkụ ahụ nwere ezigbo nnyefe, obere mgbanwe, na ebe nnyefe karịrị 45mm.
Trajectories nke abụọ pensụl ibé n'okpuru a homogeneous magnetik usoro na Br = 1.4 T.(a) xoz ụgbọ elu.(b) yoz ugbo elu.
Ọnụ ọgụgụ 16 na-egosi akụkụ nke akụkụ nke oghere dị iche iche site na cathode. Enwere ike ịhụ na a na-echekwa ọdịdị nke akụkụ nke oghere na usoro ntinye anya nke ọma, na akụkụ nke akụkụ adịghị agbanwe nke ukwuu. beam current. Nsonaazụ na-egosi na ihe dị ugbu a bụ ihe dịka 2 × 80 mA, nke kwekọrọ na uru a gbakọrọ na nhazi egbe eletrọn.
Igwe obe eletrọnịnụ (ya na sistemụ na-elekwasị anya) n'ọnọdụ dị iche iche pụọ na cathode.
N'ịtụle nsogbu dị iche iche dị ka njehie mgbakọ, mgbanwe voltaji, na mgbanwe na ike magnetik na ngwa nhazi ngwa ngwa, ọ dị mkpa iji nyochaa nlezianya nke usoro a na-elekwasị anya. N'ihi na e nwere ọdịiche dị n'etiti mpempe anode na ogwe osisi na nhazi n'ezie, ọdịiche a kwesịrị ka edobe ya na simulation. Akwụsịghị uru ọdịiche dị na 0.2 mm na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ugbu a na-egosi n'ọgụgụ eny nke ugbu a. na-egosi na mgbanwe na envelopu beam abụghị ihe dị ịrịba ama na ọkụ ọkụ ugbu a na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe.Ya mere, usoro ahụ adịghị emetụ n'ahụ na njehie mgbakọ. Maka mgbanwe nke voltaji na-anya ụgbọ ala, a na-edozi nsonye njehie na ± 0.5 kV. Foto 19b na-egosi nsonaazụ ntụnyere. Enwere ike ịhụ na mgbanwe voltaji na-enwe mmetụta dị nta na envelopu beam bụ na-agbanwe site na T-0.0 na nso nso 0. ike ubi. E gosipụtara nsonaazụ ntụnyere na Figure 20. Enwere ike ịhụ na envelopu beam adịghị agbanwe agbanwe, nke pụtara na EOS dum enweghị mmetụta maka mgbanwe na ike ndọta.
Envelopu beam na nsonaazụ dị ugbu a n'okpuru sistemu ndọta n'otu.(a) nnabata ọgbakọ bụ 0.2 mm.
Envelopu beam n'okpuru otu sistemụ ndọta anya magnetik nwere mgbanwe ike ndọta axial sitere na 0.63 ruo 0.68 T.
Iji hụ na usoro nlebara anya nke e mere n'akwụkwọ a nwere ike dakọtara na HFS, ọ dị mkpa ijikọta usoro na-elekwasị anya na HFS maka nyocha.Ngosipụta 21 na-egosi ntụnyere nke envelopes beam na na-enweghị HFS loaded.Nsonaazụ na-egosi na envelopu osisi anaghị agbanwe nke ukwuu mgbe HFS dum na-ebu.
Iji chọpụta izi ezi nke EOS tụrụ aro na Nkebi nke III ma nyochaa arụmọrụ nke 220 GHz SDV-TWT, a na-eme ihe ngosi 3D-PIC nke mmekọrịta beam-wave. elu nke 0.31mm, otu ihe ahụ dị ka égbè eletrọn ahụ e mere n'elu. N'ihi enweghị uche na nkwụsi ike dị mma nke EOS, a na-eme ka voltaji na-akwọ ụgbọala dị mma iji nweta ike mmepụta kacha mma na simulation PIC. The simulation results na-egosi na e juputara mmepụta ike na uru nwere ike nweta na a na-anya ụgbọ ala voltaji nke 20.6 kV, a beam ugbu a 03 nke m / 2 × 2 cm, 080 m na ike nke 2 × 2 cm. 0.05 W.
Iji nweta akara ngosi mmepụta kachasị mma, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke cycles dịkwa mkpa ka a na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mma. A na-enweta ike mmepụta kachasị mma mgbe ọnụ ọgụgụ nke usoro abụọ bụ 42 + 48 cycles, dị ka e gosiri na Figure 22a.A 0.05 W ntinye akara ngosi na-abawanye na 314 W na uru nke 38 dB. The mmepụta ike spectrum nwetara site na Fast Foura 2 dị ọcha. GHz.Figure 22b na-egosi nkesa axial nke ike eletrik na SWS, na ọtụtụ n'ime ndị electrons na-efunahụ ike. Nke a na-egosi na SDV-SWS nwere ike ịgbanwe kinetic ume nke electrons n'ime RF mgbaàmà, si otú aghọta mgbaama amplification.
SDV-SWS mmepụta mgbama na 220 GHz.(a) Ike mmepụta na gụnyere ụdịdị dị iche iche.(b) Ike nkesa electrons na eletrọn doo na njedebe nke SWS inset.
Ọgụgụ 23 na-egosi mmepụta ike bandwit na uru nke a dual-mode dual-beam SDV-TWT.Output arụmọrụ nwere ike n'ihu mma site na-ekpochapụ frequencies si 200 ka 275 GHz na optimizing mbanye voltaji. Nke a pụta na-egosi na 3-dB bandwit nwere ike na-ekpuchi 205 ka 275 GHz-arụ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ nke ukwuu.
Otú ọ dị, dị ka Fig. 2a, anyị maara na e nwere nkwụsị nkwụsị n'etiti ndị na-adịghị mma na ọbụna ụdịdị, nke nwere ike iduga oscillations na-achọghị.Ya mere, nkwụsi ike na-arụ ọrụ gburugburu nkwụsị kwesịrị ka a mụọ ya. N'ihe atụ 24a-c bụ 20 ns simulation results na 265.3 GHz, 265.325 GHz, nkwanye ùgwù nwere ike ịhụ, na .4GHz. nsonaazụ ịme anwansị nwere mgbanwe ụfọdụ, ike mmepụta dị ntakịrị. A na-egosipụtakwa ụdịdị dị iche iche na Figure 24 n'otu n'otu, ụdị dị iche iche dị ọcha. Nsonaazụ ndị a na-egosi na ọ dịghị mkpagharị onwe onye dị nso na nkwụsị nkwụsị.
Ịmepụta na nha dị mkpa iji nyochaa izi ezi nke HFS dum. N'akụkụ a, a na-emepụta HFS site na iji nkà na ụzụ kọmputa nke kọmputa (CNC) nke nwere dayameta ngwá ọrụ nke 0.1 mm na machining ziri ezi nke 10 μm. A na-enye ihe dị elu nke ikuku oxygen na-enweghị ikuku oxygen (OFHC) ọla kọpa. mm, a obosara nke 20.00 mm na elu nke 8.66 mm. Eight pin oghere na-ekesa gburugburu Ọdịdị.Figure 25b na-egosi Ọdịdị site scanning eletrọn microscopy (SEM) .The agụba nke a Ọdịdị na- uniformly emepụta na nwere ezi elu roughness.Mgbe kpọmkwem nha, n'ozuzu machining njehie bụ ihe na-erughị 5%, na banyere 0. na nkenke chọrọ.
Ọgụgụ 26 na-egosi ntụnyere n'etiti n'ezie ule results na simulations nke nnyefe arụmọrụ.Port 1 na Port 2 na Figure 26a kwekọrọ na ntinye na mmepụta ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri nke HFS, n'otu n'otu, na ndị Ẹkot Port 1 na Port 4 na Figure 3. The n'ezie nha nsonaazụ nke S11 bụ ubé mma karịa simulation results. N'otu oge ahụ, ihe mere e ji tụọ ihe omume nwere ike ịbụ ntakịrị ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo njọ. na ịme anwansị dị oke elu na elu roughness mgbe n'ezie machining bụ ogbenye.Overall, ndị tụrụ pụta bụ na ezi nkwekọrịta na simulation results, na nnyefe bandwit na-ezute chọrọ nke 70 GHz, nke verifies na a pụrụ ime na ziri ezi nke tụrụ aro dual-mode SDV-TWT.Ya mere, jikọtara ya na n'ezie ekepụta usoro na ule bandram- SD-BroamT usoro na-emebe-Dultram. Enwere ike iji ihe atụpụtara n'akwụkwọ a maka imepụta na ngwa na-esote.
N'akwụkwọ a, a na-enye nkọwa zuru ezu nke nkesa nkesa 220 GHz dual-beam SDV-TWT. Nchikota nke abụọ-mode arụ ọrụ na abụọ-beam excitation na-eme ka bandwidth na-arụ ọrụ na ike mmepụta na-eme ka a na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na oyi oyi iji nyochaa nhazi nke HFS dum. The n'ezie nha pụta bụ na ezi nkwekọrịta na simulation results.N'ihi na e mere abụọ-beam EOS, a nkpuchi ngalaba na akara electrodes ejirila ọnụ na-emepụta a abụọ pensụl beam.Under e mere edo na-elekwasị anya magnetik, na electron doo nwere ike stably bufee n'elu ogologo anya na ezi shape.N'ọdịnihu, mmepụta na ule nke EOS ga-rụrụ, na nke a ga-eme T. SDV-TWT imewe atụmatụ tụrụ aro na akwụkwọ a n'ụzọ zuru ezu na-ejikọta nke ugbu a tozuru okè nhazi nkà na ụzụ ụgbọ elu, na-egosi oké ike na arụmọrụ egosi na nhazi na mgbakọ. Ya mere, akwụkwọ a na-ekwere na planar Ọdịdị na-yikarịrị na-aghọ mmepe omume nke agụụ electronic ngwaọrụ na terahertz band.
Ọtụtụ n'ime data raw na ụdị nyocha dị na ọmụmụ ihe a abanyela n'akwụkwọ a. Enwere ike nweta ozi ndị ọzọ dị mkpa site n'aka onye edemede kwekọrọ na arịrịọ ezi uche dị na ya.
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