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Ọbara ọgbụgba a na-achịkwaghị achịkwa bụ otu n'ime ihe na-ebute ọnwụ.Inweta hemostasis ngwa ngwa na-eme ka ị nweta ndụ nke isiokwu dị ka enyemaka mbụ n'oge ọgụ, ihe mberede okporo ụzọ, na ọrụ mbelata ọnwụ.Nanoporous fiber-reinforced composite scaffold (NFRCS) nke ewepụtara site na nhazi ihe nkiri hemostatic dị mfe (HFFC) dị ka usoro na-aga n'ihu nwere ike ịkpalite ma welie hemostasis.Mmepe nke NFRCS gbadoro ụkwụ na nhazi nke nku dragonfly.Ọdịdị nku dragonfly nwere nku transverse na longitudinal, na nku nku na-ejikọta ibe ha iji nọgide na-eguzosi ike n'ezi ihe nke microstructure.HFFC n'otu n'otu na-ekpuchi elu nke eriri ahụ na ihe nkiri nke ọkpụrụkpụ nanometer ma jikọta ọkpụrụkpụ owu ekesara na-enweghị usoro (Ct) (usoro gbasasịrị) iji mepụta usoro nanoporous.Nchikota nke usoro na-aga n'ihu na nke gbasasịa na-ebelata ọnụ ahịa ngwaahịa ahụ ugboro iri ma e jiri ya tụnyere ngwaahịa ndị dị na ahịa.Enwere ike iji NFRCS (tampons ma ọ bụ eriri aka) emezigharịrị n'ọtụtụ ngwa biomedical.N'ime ọmụmụ ihe vivo kwubiri na Cp NFRCS mepere emepe na-akpalite ma kwalite usoro coagulation na saịtị nke ngwa.NFRCS nwere ike gbanwee microenvironment ma mee ihe na ọkwa cellular n'ihi nhazi ya na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ọgwụgwọ ọnya dị mma n'ụdị ọnya ọnya.
Ọbara ọgbụgba a na-achịkwaghị achịkwa n'oge ọgụ, ọnọdụ intraoperative na ọnọdụ mberede nwere ike ibute ndụ ndị merụrụ ahụ nnukwu ihe egwu.Ọnọdụ ndị a na-eduga n'ịbawanye ụba nke nguzogide vaskụla mpụta, na-eduga na ujo hemorrhagic.A na-ewere usoro kwesịrị ekwesị iji chịkwaa ọbara ọgbụgba n'oge na mgbe a wachara ya ahụ dị ka ihe na-eyi ndụ egwu2,3.Mmebi nke nnukwu arịa na-eduga na oke mfu ọbara, na-ebute ọnụọgụ ọnwụ nke ≤ 50% na ọgụ yana 31% n'oge ịwa ahụ1.Nnukwu mfu ọbara na-eduga na mbelata nke anụ ahụ, nke na-ebelata mmepụta obi.Mmụba na mkpokọta mgbochi vaskụla mpụta na mmebi microcirculation na-aga n'ihu na-eduga hypoxia na akụkụ ahụ na-akwado ndụ.Ujo hemorrhagic nwere ike ime ma ọ bụrụ na ọnọdụ ahụ na-aga n'ihu na-enweghị enyemaka dị irè1,4,5.Nsogbu ndị ọzọ na-agụnye ọganihu nke hypothermia na metabolic acidosis, yana ọrịa coagulation nke na-egbochi usoro nchịkọta coagulation.Ejikọtara oke ujo hemorrhagic na ihe egwu dị elu nke ọnwụ6,7,8.Na ọkwa III (na-aga n'ihu) ujo, mmịnye ọbara dị mkpa maka ịlanarị onye ọrịa n'oge ọrịa intraoperative na mgbe arụchara ọrụ ahụ na ọnwụ.Iji merie ọnọdụ niile dị n'elu nke na-eyi ndụ egwu, anyị emepụtala nanaporous fiber-reinforced composite scaffold (NFRCS) nke na-eji ihe ntanye polymer dị ntakịrị (0.5%) na-eji ngwakọta nke polymers hemostatic na-agbaze mmiri.
Site n'iji mgbakwunye eriri, enwere ike ịmepụta ngwaahịa ndị na-efu ọnụ.Eriri eriri ndị a haziri ahazi na-enweghị usoro yiri nhazi nke nku ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri, nke ejiri eriri kwụ ọtọ na kwụ n'ahịrị n'elu nku kwụzie ya.The transverse na longitudinal veins nke nku na-ekwurịta okwu na akpụkpọ nku (Fig 1).NFRCS nwere Ct gbasiri ike dị ka sistemu mkpụkọ nke nwere ike anụ ahụ na arụ ọrụ ka mma (Njirimara 1).N'ihi oke ego na nka nka, ndị dọkịta na-awa ahụ na-ahọrọ iji eriri eriri owu (Ct) n'oge arụ ọrụ na ejiji. N'ihi ya, na-atụle ọtụtụ uru ya, gụnyere> 90% crystalline cellulose (na-enye aka na nkwalite ọrụ hemostatic), ejiri Ct mee ihe dị ka usoro ọkpụkpụ nke NFRCS9,10. N'ihi ya, na-atụle ọtụtụ uru ya, gụnyere> 90% crystalline cellulose (na-enye aka na nkwalite ọrụ hemostatic), ejiri Ct mee ihe dị ka usoro ọkpụkpụ nke NFRCS9,10. Следовательно, учитывая его многочисленные преимущества, в том числе > 90% кристалической гемостатической активности), Ct использовали в качестве скелетной системы NFRCS9,10. Ya mere, nyere ọtụtụ uru ya, gụnyere> 90% crystalline cellulose (na-etinye aka na ọrụ hemostatic na-abawanye), ejiri Ct mee ihe dị ka usoro ọkpụkpụ nke NFRCS9,10.因此，考虑到它的多重益处，包括> 90%架系统.因此，考虑到它的多重益处，包括> 90%Ya mere, nyere ọtụtụ uru ya, gụnyere ihe karịrị 90% crystalline cellulose (na-enyere aka ịkwalite ọrụ hemostatic), ejiri Ct mee ihe dị ka ihe mkpuchi maka NFRCS9,10.Ekpuchiri Ct nke ọma (a hụrụ n'ichepụta ihe nkiri nano siri ike) wee jikọta ya na ihe na-emepụta ihe nkiri hemostatic (HFFC).HFFC na-eme dị ka matrigel, na-ejide Ct ọnụ na-enweghị usoro.Nhazi emepụtara na-ebunye nchekasị n'ime oge a chụsasịrị agbasa (eriri ike).Ọ na-esiri ike ịnweta ihe owuwu nanoporous nwere ike arụ ọrụ dị mma site na iji obere mkpokọta polymer.Na mgbakwunye, ọ dịghị mfe ịhazi ụdị dị iche iche maka ngwa biomedical dị iche iche.
Ọnụọgụ a na-egosi eserese ngosi NFRCS nke dabere na nhazi nku dragonfly (A).Onyonyo a na-egosi ntụnyere ntule nke nhazi nku nke ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri (njikọ ọnụ na veins ogologo nke nku) yana fotomicrograph nke akụkụ nke Cp NFRCS (B).Nnọchite anya nhazi nke NFRCS.
Emepụtara NFRC site na iji HFFC dị ka usoro na-aga n'ihu iji kwado oke ndị a dị n'elu.HFFC bụ ihe mejupụtara polymer hemostatic dị iche iche na-emepụta ihe nkiri gụnyere chitosan (dị ka polymer hemostatic isi) na methylcellulose (MC), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC 50 cp) na mmanya polyvinyl (PVA)) (125 kDa) dị ka polymer nkwado nke na-akwalite nguzobe thrombus.nhazi.Mgbakwunye nke polyvinylpyrrolidine K30 (PVP K30) kwalitere ikike nnabata mmiri nke NFRCS.Agbakwunyere polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400) iji meziwanye crosslinking polymer na ngwakọta polymer jikọtara ọnụ.Ngwakọta hemostatic HFFC atọ dị iche iche (Cm HFFC, Ch HFFC na Cp HFFC), bụ chitosan nwere MC (Cm), chitosan nwere HPMC (Ch), na chitosan nwere PVA (Cp), ka etinyere na Ct.Ọmụmụ njirimara dị iche iche na vitro na in vivo ekwenyela na ọrụ hemostatic na ọnya na-agwọ ọrịa nke NFRCS.Enwere ike iji ihe ngwakọta nke NFRCS na-enye iji hazie ụdị ntugharị dị iche iche iji gboo mkpa ụfọdụ.
Na mgbakwunye, enwere ike gbanwee NFRCS dị ka bandeeji ma ọ bụ mpịakọta iji kpuchie mpaghara mmerụ ahụ niile nke nsọtụ ala na akụkụ ahụ ndị ọzọ.Kpọmkwem maka mmerụ ahụ n'ọgụ ọgụ, atụmatụ NFRCS a haziri nwere ike gbanwee ka ọ bụrụ ogwe aka ọkara ma ọ bụ ụkwụ zuru oke (Nkọwa S11).Enwere ike ime NFRCS ka ọ bụrụ eriri nkwojiaka nwere gluu anụ ahụ, nke enwere ike iji kwụsị ọbara ọgbụgba site na mmerụ ahụ dị ukwuu nke igbu onwe ya.Ebumnuche anyị bụ isi bụ ịmepụta NFRCS nke nwere obere polymer dị ka o kwere mee nke a ga-ebuga na ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu (n'okpuru ịda ogbenye) na nke a ga-etinye na ngwa enyemaka mbụ.Dị mfe, ịrụ ọrụ nke ọma na nke akụ na ụba na imewe, NFRCS na-erite uru na mpaghara mpaghara ma nwee ike inwe mmetụta zuru ụwa ọnụ.
Chitosan (molecular arọ 80 kDa) na amaranth ka a zụtara na Merck, India.A zụrụ Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 50 Cp, polyethylene glycol 400 na methylcellulose n'aka Loba Chemie Pvt.LLC, Mumbai.Azụtara mmanya polyvinyl (ihe dị arọ 125 kDa) (87-90% hydrolysed) site na National Chemicals, Gujarat.A zụtara Polyvinylpyrrolidine K30 na Molychem, Mumbai, a zụtara swabs na-adịghị mma site na Ramaraju Surgery Cotton Mills Ltd., Tamil Nadu, ya na mmiri Milli Q (Sistemụ nhicha mmiri Direct-Q3, Merck, India) dị ka onye na-ebu ya.
Emepụtara NFRCS site na iji usoro lyophilization11,12.Emebere ihe niile HFFC (Table 1) site na iji igwe mkpagharị.Kwadebe 0.5% ngwọta nke chitosan na-eji 1% acetic acid n'ime mmiri site na-aga n'ihu na-akpali akpali na 800 rpm na igwe mkpagharị igwe.A na-agbakwunye ịdị arọ nke polima a na-ebu ibu nke egosiri na Tebụl 1 na ngwọta chitosan ma kpalie ruo mgbe e nwetara ngwọta polymer doro anya.A na-agbakwunye PVP K30 na PEG 400 na ngwakọta nke na-esi na ya pụta na ọnụọgụ ego egosipụtara na Tebụl 1, ma na-akpali akpali ruo mgbe e nwetara ngwọta viscous polymer doro anya.Ihe si na bath nke polymer ngwọta bụ sonicated maka nkeji 60 iji wepụ ikuku ikuku tọrọ atọ na ngwakọta polymer.Dị ka egosiri na foto mgbakwunye S1(b), a na-ekesa Ct n'otu n'otu n'otu olulu mmiri ọ bụla nke efere 6-nke ọma (ebu) gbakwunyere na 5 ml nke HFFC.
A na-akpọ efere olulu mmiri isii maka 60 min iji nweta otu wetting na nkesa nke HFFC na netwọk Ct.Mgbe ahụ, kpoo efere nke ọma isii na -20 Celsius maka awa 8-12.A na-etinye lyophile efere friza maka awa 48 iji nweta usoro NFRCS dị iche iche.A na-eji otu usoro ahụ mepụta ụdị dị iche iche na nhazi dị iche iche, dị ka tampons ma ọ bụ tampons cylindrical, ma ọ bụ ihe ọ bụla ọzọ maka ngwa dị iche iche.
Chitosan tụrụ atụ nke ọma (80kDa) (3%) na-agbaze n'ime 1% acetic acid site na iji ihe ndọta.Na ihe ngwọta nke chitosan na-agbakwunye 1% PEG 400 ma kpalie ya maka nkeji iri atọ.Wunye ihe ngwọta a ga-esi na ya pụta n'ime akpa square ma ọ bụ akụkụ anọ ma kpoo na -80 Celsius maka awa 12.A na-etinye ihe nlele oyi kpọnwụrụ maka awa 48 iji nweta Cs13 nwere oghere.
Edoro NFRCS emepụtara na nnwale site na iji Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) (Shimadzu 8400 s FTIR, Tokyo, Japan) iji kwado ndakọrịta kemịkalụ nke chitosan na polymers ndị ọzọ14,15.The FTIR spectra (obosara nke spectral nso site 400 ruo 4000 cm-1) nke niile anwale samples nwetara site n'ịrụ 32 scans.
A tụlere ọnụego nnabata ọbara (BAR) maka usoro niile site na iji usoro Chen et al kọwara.16 nwere ntakịrị mgbanwe.Akpọkọrọ NFRK ndị emepụtara nke ihe niile n'ime ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na 105 Celsius C n'abali iji wepụ ihe mgbaze fọdụrụnụ.30 mg NFRCS (arọ nlere mbụ - W0) na 30 mg Ct (nchịkwa ziri ezi) na efere dị iche iche nwere premix nke 3.8% sodium citrate.N'oge a kara aka, ya bụ 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 na 60 sekọnd, e wepụrụ NFRCS ma hichaa n'elu ha site na ọbara a na-adịghị amịkọrọ ọnụ site n'itinye ihe nlele ahụ na Ct maka 30 sekọnd.A na-atụle ịdị arọ ikpeazụ nke ọbara nke NFRCS 16 na-etinye (W1) n'oge ọ bụla.Jiri usoro a gbakọọ pasenti BAR:
Ekpebiri oge nchikota ọbara (BCT) dịka Wang et al kọrọ.17 .A na-agbakọ oge achọrọ maka ọbara dum (ọbara oke ejiri 3.8% sodium citrate) mechie n'ihu NFRCS dị ka BCT nke nlele ule.Akụkụ NFRCS dị iche iche (30 mg) ka etinyere na vials screw 10 ml ma tinye ya na 37°C.Agbakwunyere ọbara (0.5 ml) na vial ma tinye 0.3 ml nke 0.2 M CaCl2 iji mee ka coagulation ọbara rụọ ọrụ.N'ikpeazụ, tụgharịa vial kwa sekọnd 15 ọ bụla (ruo 180 Celsius) ruo mgbe mkpụkọ siri ike pụtara.A na-eme atụmatụ BCT nke ihe nlele site na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke flips vails17,18.Dabere na BCT, a na-ahọrọ ihe abụọ kacha mma sitere na NFRCS Cm, Ch na Cp maka ọmụmụ nkọwa ọzọ.
Ekpebiri BCT nke Ch NFRCS na Cp NFRCS mejupụtara site na itinye usoro nke Li et al kọwara.19 .Tinye 15 x 15 mm2 Ch NFRCS, Cp NFRCS, na Cs (nchịkwa ziri ezi) n'ime efere Petri dị iche iche (37 Celsius C).A gwakọtara ọbara nke nwere 3.8% sodium citrate na 0.2 M CaCl2 na nha 10: 1 iji malite usoro nchịkọta ọbara.A na-etinye ngwakọta ọbara 20 µl nke 0.2 M CaCl2 n'elu nlele ma tinye ya na efere Petri efu.Njikwa ahụ bụ ọbara wụsara n'ime efere Petri efu na-enweghị Ct.N'ime nkeji oge 0, 3 na 5, kwụsị ịchịkọta site na ịtinye 10 ml nke mmiri deionized (DI) na nlele nke nwere efere na-akpaghasịghị mkpụkọ ahụ.Erythrocytes (erythrocytes) na-adịghị agbakọ na-enweta hemolysis na ọnụnọ nke mmiri deionized wee hapụ haemoglobin.A tụrụ haemoglobin n'oge dị iche iche (HA(t)) na 540 nm (λmax hemoglobin) site na iji UV-Vis spectrophotometer.A na-ewere nnabata zuru oke nke hemoglobin (AH(0)) na 0 min nke 20 µl nke ọbara n'ime 10 ml nke mmiri deionized dị ka ọkọlọtọ ntụaka.A gbakọọ mkpokọta hemoglobin (RHA) nke ọbara agbakọtara site na nha HA (t)/HA(0) site na iji otu ogbe ọbara.
N'iji ihe nyocha nke ederede (Texture Pro CT V1.3 Mee 15, Brookfield, USA), a na-ekpebi ihe ndị na-ejikọta NFRK na anụ ahụ mebiri emebi.Pịa efere cylindrical mepere emepe megide ime anụ ezi (na-enweghị akwa abụba).A na-etinye ihe nlele (Ch NFRCS na Cp NFRCS) site na cannula n'ime ụdị cylindrical iji mepụta nrapado na akpụkpọ anụ ezi.Mgbe ntinye nkeji 3 gachara na ụlọ okpomọkụ (RT) (25°C.), ike nrapado NFRCS ka edekọtara n'ọsọ 0.5 mm/sk.
Akụkụ bụ isi nke mkpuchi ịwa ahụ bụ ịbawanye mkpụkọ ọbara ka ọ na-ebelata mfu ọbara.A tụlere coagulation na-abaghị uru na NFRCS site na iji usoro e bipụtara na mbụ nwere obere mgbanwe 19.Mee tube microcentrifuge (2 ml) (dayameta dị n'ime 10 mm) na oghere 8 × 5 mm2 n'otu akụkụ nke tube centrifuge (na-anọchite anya ọnya mepere emepe).A na-eji NFRCS mechie oghere ma na-eji teepu mechie akụkụ mpụta.Tinye 20 µl nke 0.2 M CaCl2 na tube microcentrifuge nwere 3.8% sodium citrate premix.Mgbe nkeji 10 gachara, a na-ewepụ tubes microcentrifuge na efere na mmụba nke oke efere na-ekpebi n'ihi mpụ nke ọbara sitere na NFRK (n = 3).Atụnyere mfu ọbara Ch NFRCS na Cp NFRCS na Cs.
Achọpụtara iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe nke NFRCS dabere na usoro Mishra na Chaudhary21 kọwara nwere obere mgbanwe.Tinye NFRCS na 100 ml Erlenmeyer flask nwere mmiri 50 ml wee tụgharịa maka 60 s na-emebeghi elu.Nlele anya na ntinye ihe nlere anya maka iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe nke sitere na nnakọta.
A mụrụ ike njide nke HFFC na Ct site na iji ụzọ ebipụtara na mbụ nwere obere mgbanwe.A na-enyocha iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe mkpuchi nke elu site na ikpughe NFRK na ebili mmiri na-eme mkpọtụ (ihe mkpali mpụga) n'ihu mmiri milliQ (Ct).NFRCS Ch NFRCS na Cp NFRCS emepụtara ka etinyere na beaker jupụtara na mmiri wee kpọọ maka 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, na 30 min, n'otu n'otu.Mgbe akpọchara, a na-eji ọdịiche dị n'etiti ibu mbụ na nke ikpeazụ nke NFRCS gbakọọ pasent ọnwụ nke ihe onwunwe (HFFC).In vitro BCT kwadoro ike njide ma ọ bụ mfu nke ihe ndị dị n'elu.Ịrụ ọrụ nke njikọ HFFC na Ct na-enye coagulation ọbara na mkpuchi na-agbanwe n'elu Ct22.
Achọpụtara ịdị n'otu nke NFRCS mepere emepe site na BCT nke nlele (30 mg) ewepụtara site na mpaghara izugbe ahọpụtara na-enweghị usoro nke NFRCS.Soro usoro BCT akpọtụrụ na mbụ iji chọpụta nnabata NFRCS.Ịdị nso n'etiti ihe nlele ise niile na-eme ka mkpuchi elu otu dị na ntinye HFFC na ntanetị Ct.
Ekpebiri mpaghara kọntaktị ọbara (NBCA) dị ka akọwara na mbụ site na mgbanwe ụfọdụ.Mechie ọbara ahụ site na ịpịa 20µl ọbara n'etiti elu abụọ nke Ct, Ch NFRCS, Cp NFRCS na Cs.Mgbe awa 1 gachara, a kewapụrụ akụkụ abụọ nke stent ahụ wee jiri aka tụọ mpaghara nke clot.A tụlere nkezi uru nke ikwugharị ugboro atọ NBCA NFRCS19.
A na-eji nyocha Dynamic Vapor Sorption (DVS) nyocha iji nyochaa ịdị irè nke NFRCS iji nweta mmiri site na mpụga gburugburu ma ọ bụ site na ebe mmerụ ahụ kpatara ịmalite coagulation.DVS na-enyocha ma ọ bụ dekọọ uru nke uzuoku na mfu n'ime nlele gravimetrically na-eji nguzozi nwere mmetụta dị oke egwu nwere mkpebi oke nke ±0.1 μg.Onye na-ahụ maka oke ikuku eletrọnịkị na-ebute nrụgide uzuoku nke akụkụ (iru iru mmiri) n'akụkụ ihe nlele ahụ site n'ịgwakọta gasị ikuku juru na nkụ. Dị ka ụkpụrụ European Pharmacopeia si kwuo, dabere na pasent nke mmiri na-ewe site n'omume, a na-ekewa ihe atụ n'ime ụdị 4 (0-0.012% w / w- non-hygroscopic, 0.2-2% w / w ntakịrị hygroscopic, 2-15% hygroscopic moderately, na> 15% scopic) hygroscopic. Dị ka ntuziaka European Pharmacopeia si kwuo, dabere na pasent nke mmiri na-enweta site na nlele, a na-ekewa ihe atụ n'ime ụdị 4 (0-0.012% w / w- non-hygroscopic, 0.2-2% w / w ntakịrị hygroscopic, 2-15% hygroscopic moderately, and> 15% hygroscopic.N'ikwekọ na ndụmọdụ nke European Pharmacopoeia, dabere na pasent nke mmịpụta mmiri site na ihe atụ, e kewara ihe atụ ahụ n'ime ụdị 4 (0-0.012% w / w - na-abụghị hygroscopic, 0.2-2% w / w ntakịrị hygroscopic, 2-15%).% умеренно гигроскопичен и > 15% очень гигроскопичен)23. % hygroscopic na-agafeghị oke yana> 15% ezigbo hygroscopic)23.根据欧洲药典指南，根据样品吸收水分的百分比，样品分为4 类（0-0.012% w/w-0-0.012% w/w-%微吸湿性,2-15% 适度吸湿，> 15% 非常吸湿）23.根据 欧洲 药典 指南 ， 根据 吸收 水分 的 百分比、 、 、 、 0.2-2% W/w 轻微 、 2-15% 。度 吸湿 、 15%N'ikwekọ na ndụmọdụ nke European Pharmacopoeia, a na-ekewa ihe atụ na klaasị 4 dabere na pasent nke mmiri na-etinye n'ime ihe nlele ahụ (0-0.012% site na ịdị arọ - na-abụghị hygroscopic, 0.2-2% site na ịdị arọ ntakịrị hygroscopic, 2-15% site na ibu).% умеренно гигроскопичен, > 15% очень гигроскопичен) 23. % hygroscopic na-agafeghị oke,> 15% ezigbo hygroscopic) 23.Achọpụtara arụmọrụ hygroscopic nke NFCS X NFCS na TsN NFCS na onye nyocha DVS TA TGA Q5000 SA.N'oge usoro a, a na-enweta oge ịgba ọsọ, iru mmiri (RH), na ịdị arọ nke oge dị na 25 Celsius C24.A na-agbakọ ọdịnaya mmiri mmiri site na nyocha oke NFRCS ziri ezi site na iji nhata ndị a:
MC bụ iru mmiri NFRCS.m1 - ibu akọrọ nke NSAIDs.m2 bụ oke NFRCS n'ezie na RH enyere.
A na-eme atụmatụ mkpokọta elu site na iji nnwale mgbasa ozi nitrogen na mmiri mmiri mmiri mmiri mgbe ha wepụsịrị ihe nlele ahụ na 25 Celsius C maka awa 10 (<7 × 10-3 Torr). A na-eme atụmatụ mkpokọta elu site na iji nnwale mgbasa ozi nitrogen na mmiri mmiri mmiri mmiri mgbe ha wepụsịrị ihe nlele ahụ na 25 Celsius C maka awa 10 (<7 × 10-3 Torr). Общая площадь поверhnosti при 25 °С в течение 10 ч (< 7 × 10–3 Торр). A na-eme atụmatụ mkpokọta elu site na iji nnwale mgbasa ozi nitrogen na mmiri mmiri mmiri mmiri mgbe ewepụrụ ihe nlele na 25 Celsius C maka awa 10 (<7 × 10-3 Torr).在25°C 清空样品10 小时（< 7 × 10-3 Torr）后，使用液氮的氮吸附实验估计总表面积。na okpomọkụ nke 25 Celsius C Общая площадь poverhnosti зцов в течение 10 часов при 25°C (<7 × 10-3 торр). A na-eme atụmatụ mkpokọta elu site na iji nyocha mgbasa ozi nitrogen na mmiri mmiri mmiri mmiri mgbe ewepụrụ ihe nlele maka awa 10 na 25 Celsius C (<7 x 10-3 torr).Mkpokọta mpaghara elu, oke pore na nha pore NFRCS ka ejiri Quantachrome sitere na NOVA 1000e, Austria jiri ngwa RS 232 kpebie.
Kwadebe 5% RBC (saline dị ka diluent) site na ọbara dum.Mgbe ahụ nyefee aliquot nke HFFC (0.25 ml) na efere 96 nke ọma na 5% RBC mass (0.1 ml).Tinye ngwakọta ahụ na 37 Celsius C maka nkeji 40.A na-ewere ngwakọta nke mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara uhie na serum dị ka njikwa dị mma, yana ngwakọta nke saline na ọbara uhie dị ka njikwa na-adịghị mma.Ekpebiri hemagglutination dabere na nha Stajitzky.Ihe akpịrịkpa ndị a tụrụ aro bụ ndị a: + + + + mkpokọta granular siri ike;+ + + paịlị dị larịị nke nwere akụkụ gbagọrọ agbagọ;+ + paịlị dị larịị nke nwere akụkụ adọwara adọwa;+ mgbanaka na-acha uhie uhie dị warara n'akụkụ akụkụ nke paịlị ndị ahụ dị larịị;- (na-adịghị mma) bọtịnụ uhie pụrụ iche 12 n'etiti olulu mmiri nke ala.
A mụrụ hemocompatibility nke NFRCS dịka usoro nke International Organisation for Standardization (ISO) (ISO10993-4, 1999) 26,27.Usoro gravimetric nke Singh et al kọwara.Emere obere mgbanwe iji chọpụta nhazi thrombus n'ihu ma ọ bụ n'elu NFRCS.500 mg nke Cs, Ch NFRCS na Cp NFRCS ka etinyere na saline buffered phosphate (PBS) maka awa 24 na 37°C.Mgbe awa 24 gachara, ewepụrụ PBS ma jiri 2 ml nke ọbara nwere 3.8% sodium citrate gwọọ NFRCS.N'elu NFRCS, tinye 0.04 ml nke 0.1 M CaCl2 na nlele ndị etinyere.Mgbe nkeji 45 gachara, a na-agbakwunye 5 ml nke mmiri a na-ekpo ọkụ iji kwụsị coagulation.A na-eji 36-38% formaldehyde gwọọ ọbara gbakọtara n'elu NFRK.Akpọnwụwo mkpụkọ ndị ahụ e debere na formaldehyde ma tụọ ya.A na-eme atụmatụ pasent nke thrombosis site n'ịgbakọ ịdị arọ nke iko na-enweghị ọbara na nlele (nchịkwa na-adịghị mma) na iko nwere ọbara (njikwa ziri ezi).
Dị ka nkwenye mbụ, a na-ahụ ihe atụ ndị a n'okpuru microscope anya iji ghọta ike nke mkpuchi elu HFFC, Ct interconnected, na Ct netwọk ịmepụta pores.A na-eji agụba akpụkpọ anụ kpụchaa akụkụ ndị dị gịrịgịrị nke Ch na Cp sitere na NFRCS.A na-etinye akụkụ a na-esi na ya pụta na ihe mmịfe iko, kpuchie ya na mkpuchi, na-edozi akụkụ ya na gluu.A na-ele ihe ngosi mmịfe ndị ahụ akwadoro n'okpuru microscope anya wee were foto n'ogo dị iche iche.
A na-ahụ anya nkwudo polymer na netwọk Ct site na iji microscopy fluorescence dabere na usoro Rice et al.29 kọwara. Ngwakọta HFFC ejiri mee ihe a na-agwakọta ya na akwa fluorescent (amaranth), na akwadoro NFRCS (Ch & Cp) dịka usoro a kpọtụrụ aha na mbụ. Ngwakọta HFFC ejiri mee ihe a na-agwakọta ya na akwa fluorescent (amaranth), na akwadoro NFRCS (Ch & Cp) dịka usoro a kpọtụrụ aha na mbụ.Ngwakọta HFFC ejiri mee ihe bụ agwakọta ya na akwa fluorescent (amaranth) na NFRCS (Ch na Cp) nwetara dịka usoro ekwuru na mbụ.将用于配方的HFFC 组合物与荧光染料（苋菜）混合，并照前面提到的方法NFRCS）将用于配方的HFFC 组合物与荧光染料（苋菜）混合，并照前面提到的方法NFRCS）Ngwakọta HFFC ejiri mee ihe n'ụdị a ka agwakọtara ya na akwa fluorescent (Amaranth) wee nata NFRCS (Ch na Cp), dịka ekwuru na mbụ.A na-ebipụ akụkụ ndị dị mkpa nke NFRK site na ihe nlele ndị a nwetara, tinye na slides iko, ma kpuchie ya na mkpuchi mkpuchi.Lelee ihe mmịfe ndị a kwadebere n'okpuru microscope fluorescent site na iji nzacha ndụ ndụ (310-380 nm).Ewere onyonyo na mmụba 4x iji ghọta mmekọrịta Ct na ntinye ego polymer karịrị na netwọkụ Ct.
Ekpebiri ọdịdị elu nke NFRCS Ch na Cp site na iji microscope atomic Force (AFM) nwere cantilever TESP dị nkọ na ọnọdụ ịme ọpịpị: 42 N/m, 320 kHz, ROC 2-5 nm, Bruker, Taiwan.Ekpebiri ịdị nro dị n'elu site na mgbọrọgwụ mean square (RMS) site na iji ngwanro (Nyocha Nchọpụta Oyiyi Ihe Nhazi).Emere ebe NFRCS dị iche iche na onyonyo 3D iji lelee maka ịdị n'otu.A na-akọwa ngbanwe ọkọlọtọ nke akara maka mpaghara enyere dị ka ihe siri ike nke elu.Ejiri nhata RMS wee kọwapụta ịdị njọ nke elu NFRCS31.
A na-eme nchọpụta dabeere na FESEM site na iji FESEM, SU8000, HI-0876-0003, Hitachi, Tokyo, iji ghọta ọdịdị ọdịdị elu nke Ch NFRCS na Cp NFRCS, nke gosipụtara BCT dị mma karịa Cm NFRCS.Emere ọmụmụ FESEM dịka usoro Zhao et al kọwara si dị.32 nwere obere mgbanwe.Ejikọtara NFRCS 20 ruo 30 mg Ch NFRCS na Cp NFRCS na 20 µl nke 3.8% sodium citrate etinyere na ọbara oke.A na-agbakwunye 20 μl nke 0.2 M CaCl2 na ihe nlele ndị a na-eme n'ọbara iji malite coagulation na ihe nlele ahụ na-etinye ya na okpomọkụ nke ụlọ maka nkeji 10.Na mgbakwunye, e wepụrụ erythrocytes karịrị akarị n'elu NFRCS site na iji saline kpochaa.
A na-eji 0.1% glutaraldehyde mee ihe atụ ndị na-esote wee kpoo ya na oven dị ọkụ na 37 Celsius C iji wepụ mmiri mmiri.A na-ekpuchi ihe nlele ndị a mịrị amị ma nyochaa 32.Onyonyo ndị ọzọ enwetara n'oge nyocha ahụ bụ nguzobe mkpụkọ n'elu eriri owu nke onye ọ bụla, ntinye polymer n'etiti Ct, erythrocyte morphology (ụdị), ịdị n'ezi nke clot, na morphology erythrocyte n'ihu NFRCS.A na-enyocha mpaghara NFRCS na-adịghị agwọ ọrịa yana Ch na Cp na-agwọkwa NFRCS ebe a na-etinye ọbara maka ion elemental (sodium, potassium, nitrogen, calcium, magnesium, zinc, copper na selenium)33.Tulee pasentị elemental ion n'etiti ihe nlele a na-agwọghị na nke a na-agwọghị iji ghọta mkpokọta ion elemental n'oge a na-emepụta mkpụkọ na mkpụkọ mkpụkọ.
A na-ekpebi oke nke mkpuchi elu Cp HFFC n'elu Ct site na iji FESEM.A na-ebipụ akụkụ obe nke Cp NFRCS site na etiti ma kpuchie sputter.A na-ahụta ihe nkpuchi mkpuchi sputter sitere na FESEM na ọkpụrụkpụ nke mkpuchi elu ka a tụrụ 34, 35, 36.
X-ray micro-CT na-enye ihe ngosi 3D dị elu nke na-adịghị emebi emebi ma na-enye gị ohere ịmụ ihe nhazi nhazi nke NFRK.Micro-CT na-eji ụzarị X-ray na-agafe na nlele ahụ iji dekọọ ọnụọgụ ọnụọgụ ọnụọgụ nke mpaghara mpaghara nke X-ray na nlele ahụ, nke na-enyere aka nweta ozi gbasara ọdịdị.A na-enyocha ọnọdụ dị n'ime Ct na Cp NFRCS na Cp NFRCS a na-agwọ ọbara site na micro-CT iji ghọta arụmọrụ absorption na mkpụkọ ọbara n'ihu NFRCS37,38,39.Ejiri micro-CT (V|tome|x S240, Phoenix, Germany) wughachi ihe owuwu 3D nke ihe nlele Cp NFRCS na-agwọghị na nke a na-agwọghị.N'iji ụdị sọftụwia VG STUDIO-MAX 2.2, e were ọtụtụ onyonyo X-ray site n'akụkụ dị iche iche (nke kacha mma mkpuchi 360º) iji mepụta onyonyo 3D maka NFRCS.E wughachiri data ntule a chịkọtara ka ọ bụrụ onyonyo volumetric 3D site na iji sọftụ mmụta 3D ScanIP dị mfe kwekọrọ.
Na mgbakwunye, iji ghọta nkesa nke clot, 20 µl nke ọbara citrated premixed na 20 µl nke 0.2 M CaCl2 ka agbakwunyere na NFRCS iji malite ịmalite ịmịnye ọbara.A na-ahapụ ihe nlele ndị a kwadebere ka ha sie ike.A na-edozi elu NFRK na 0.5% glutaraldehyde ma kpoo ọkụ na ọkụ ọkụ na 30-40 ° C maka 30 min.A na-enyocha mkịrịkọ ọbara nke emere na NFRCS, wughachi ya, na onyonyo 3D nke mkpị ọbara ọbara ka a na-ahụ anya.
A na-eme nyocha nke nje bacteria na Cp NFRCS (kachasị mma tụnyere Ch NFRCS) site na iji usoro akọwara na mbụ nwere obere mgbanwe.Achọpụtara ọrụ antibacterial nke Cp NFRCS na Cp HFFC site na iji microorganisms ule atọ dị iche iche [S.aureus (bacteria gram-positive), E.coli (bacteria gram-negative) na White Candida (C.albicans)] na-eto eto na agar na Petri efere na incubator.Tinye 50 ml nke nkwusioru omenala nje a gbazere n'otu n'otu na ntinye nke 105-106 CFU ml-1 na ọkara agar.Wunye ọkara n'ime efere Petri ka ọ sie ike.A na-eme olulu mmiri n'elu efere agar iji jupụta na HFFC (olulu 3 maka HFFC na 1 maka njikwa na-adịghị mma).Tinye 200 µl HFFC na olulu mmiri 3 yana 200 μl pH 7.4 PBS na olulu mmiri nke anọ.N'akụkụ nke ọzọ nke efere petri, tinye diski 12 mm Cp NFRCS na agar siri ike wee mee ka mmiri na PBS (pH 7.4).A na-ahụta mbadamba nkume Ciprofloxacin, ampicillin na fluconazole dị ka ụkpụrụ ntụaka maka Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli na Candida albicans.Jiri aka tụọ mpaghara mgbochi ma were onyonyo dijitalụ nke mpaghara mgbochi.
Mgbe nkwado ụkpụrụ omume nke ụlọ ọrụ gasịrị, e mere ọmụmụ ihe na Kasturba Medical College of Education and Research na Manipal, Karnataka, na ndịda India.Kọmiti ụkpụrụ omume nke Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Karnataka enyochala ma kwado usoro nnwale in vitro TEG (IEC: 674/2020).A natara ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo site n'aka ndị na-enye ọbara afọ ofufo (ndị dị afọ 18 ruo 55) n'ụlọ akụ ọbara n'ụlọ ọgwụ.Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, e nwetara fọm nkwenye nke ihe ọmụma sitere n'aka ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo maka nchịkọta ọbara.A na-eji Native TEG (N-TEG) ​​amụ mmetụta nke usoro Cp HFFC na ọbara dum nke etinyere na sodium citrate.A na-amata N-TEG nke ọma maka ọrụ ọ na-arụ na ntughari nlekọta nlekọta, nke na-akpata nsogbu maka ndị dọkịta n'ihi ikike nke igbu oge na-egbu oge na nsonaazụ (nnwale coagulation oge niile).A na-eme nyocha N-TEG site na iji ọbara dum.Enwetara nkwenye ama ama na akụkọ ahụike zuru oke site n'aka ndị niile sonyere.Ọmụmụ ihe ahụ agụnyeghị ndị sonyere nwere nsogbu hemostatic ma ọ bụ thrombotic dị ka ime ime / ọmụmụ ma ọ bụ ọrịa imeju.Ewepụkwara ndị na-aṅụ ọgwụ na-emetụta coagulation cascade na ọmụmụ ihe ahụ.A na-eme nnwale ụlọ nyocha bụ isi (hemoglobin, oge prothrombin, thromboplastin na-arụ ọrụ na ọnụ ọgụgụ platelet) na ndị niile sonyere dịka usoro ọkọlọtọ si dị.N-TEG na-ekpebi viscoelasticity mkpụkọ ọbara, nhazi mbụ nke mkpụkọ, mmekorita urughuru, ịgbake clot, na lysis clot.Nyocha N-TEG na-enye data eserese na ọnụọgụ na mmetụta mkpokọta nke ọtụtụ ihe cellular na plasma.Emere nyocha N-TEG na mpịakọta abụọ dị iche iche nke Cp HFFC (10 µl na 50 µl).N'ihi ya, 1 ml nke ọbara dum nwere citric acid ka agbakwunyere na 10 μl nke Cp HFFC.Tinye 1 ml (Cp HFFC + ọbara citrated), 340 µl agwakọtara ọbara na 20 µl 0.2 M CaCl2 nwere efere TEG.Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, a na-etinye efere TEG n'ime TEG® 5000, US iji tụọ R, K, alfa angle, MA, G, CI, TPI, EPL, LY 30% nke nlele ọbara n'ihu Cp HFFC41.
Ndị Institutional Animal Ethics Committee (IAEC), Kasturba School of Medicine, Manipal Institute of Higher Education, Manipal Institute of Higher Education, Manipal Institute of Higher Education, Manipal (IAEC/KMC/69/2020) enyochala ma kwado ya.Emere nnwale anụmanụ niile dịka ndụmọdụ nke kọmitii maka njikwa na nleba anya nke nnwale anụmanụ (CPCSEA).Ihe niile dị na vivo NFRCS ọmụmụ (2 × 2 cm2) mere na ụmụ nwanyị Wistar (na-atụ 200 ruo 250 g).A na-anabata anụmanụ niile na okpomọkụ nke 24-26 Celsius C, ụmụ anụmanụ nwere ohere ịnweta nri ọkọlọtọ na mmiri ad libitum n'efu.A na-ekewa anụmanụ niile n'ụzọ dị iche iche, otu ọ bụla nwere anụmanụ atọ.Emere ọmụmụ ihe niile dịka ọmụmụ anụmanụ si dị: Akụkọ nke In Vivo Experiments 43.Tupu ọmụmụ ihe ahụ, a na-emechi ụmụ anụmanụ site na nchịkwa intraperitoneal (ip) nke ngwakọta nke 20-50 mg nke ketamine (kwa 1 n'arọ nke arọ ahụ) na 2-10 mg nke xylazine (kwa 1 n'arọ nke arọ ahụ).Mgbe ọmụmụ ihe gasịrị, a na-agbakọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọbara ọgbụgba site n'ịtụle ọdịiche dị n'etiti ibu mbụ na nke ikpeazụ nke ihe nlele ahụ, nkezi uru enwetara site na ule atọ ahụ bụ nke a na-ewere dị ka ọbara ọgbụgba nke ihe nlele ahụ.
Emebere ihe nlereanya igbupụ ọdụ oke iji ghọta ike NFRCS nwere ike gbanwee ọbara ọgbụgba na trauma, ọgụ, ma ọ bụ ihe mberede okporo ụzọ (ụdị mmerụ ahụ).Jiri agụba akpụkpọ anụ bepụ 50% ọdụ ma tinye n'ikuku maka nkeji iri na ise iji hụ na ọbara ọgbụgba na-adị.Na mgbakwunye, a na-etinye ihe nlele ule na ọdụ nke oke site na itinye nrụgide (Ct, Cs, Ch NFRCS na Cp NFRCS).Akọpụtara ọbara ọgbụgba na PCT maka ụdị nnwale (n = 3)17,45.
Achọpụtara ịdị irè nke njikwa nrụgide NFRCS na ọgụ n'ụdị nke akwara femoral nke elu.A na-ekpughe akwara femoral, jiri trocar 24G tụọ ya, wee gbaa ọbara n'ime sekọnd iri na ise.Mgbe a hụchara ọbara ọgbụgba a na-achịkwaghị achịkwa, a na-etinye ihe nlere anya n'ebe a na-agbapụta ya na-etinye nrụgide.Ozugbo etinyere ihe nlele ule ahụ, a na-edekọ oge nchikota ma na-ahụ arụmọrụ hemostatic maka nkeji 5 na-esote.A na-emegharị otu usoro ahụ na Cs na Ct46.
Dowling et al.47 tụrụ aro ụdị mmerụ ahụ imeju iji chọpụta ike hemostatic nke ihe hemostatic n'ihe gbasara ọbara ọgbụgba intraoperative.Edere BCT maka nlele Ct (nchịkwa na-adịghị mma), usoro Cs (nchịkwa ziri ezi), ihe nlele Ch NFRCS, na nlele Cp NFRCS.Ekpughere vena cava suprahepatic nke oke site n'ịrụ laparotomy etiti.Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, a na-egbutu akụkụ dị anya nke lobe aka ekpe na mkpa.Mee mbepụ n'ime imeju site na iji agụba scpel ma hapụ ya ka ọ gbaa ọbara maka sekọnd ole na ole.Edebere ihe nlele Ch NFRCS na Cp NFRCS n'ụzọ ziri ezi n'elu ala mebiri emebi na-enweghị ezigbo nrụgide ma dekọọ BCT.Otu njikwa (Ct) wee tinye nrụgide na-esote Cs 30 s47 na-emebighị mmerụ ahụ.
A na-eme nyocha ọgwụgwọ ọnya na vivo site na iji ụdị ọnya mpụpụ iji nyochaa njirimara ọgwụgwọ ọnya nke NFRCS ndị dabere na polymer mepere emepe.Ahọpụtara ụdị ọnya mkpọpu ma rụọ ya dịka ụzọ e bipụtara na mbụ nwere obere mgbanwe19,32,48.A na-agbaze anụmanụ niile ahụ ọnụ dịka akọwara mbụ.Jiri ntụmadị biopsy (12 mm) mee mgbawa miri emi okirikiri n'ime akpụkpọ azụ.A na-eji Cs (nchịkwa ziri ezi), Ct (n'ịghọta na ihe mgbochi owu na-egbochi ọgwụgwọ), Ch NFRCS na Cp NFRCS (otu nnwale) na njikwa na-adịghị mma na-enweghị ọgwụgwọ ọ bụla.N'ụbọchị ọ bụla nke ọmụmụ ihe, a tụrụ mpaghara ọnya ahụ na oke niile.Jiri igwefoto dijitalụ see foto mpaghara ọnya wee yikwasị uwe ọhụrụ.A tụrụ pasenti nke mmechi ọnya site na usoro a:
Dabere na pasent nke mmechi ọnya na ụbọchị iri na abụọ nke ọmụmụ ihe ahụ, a na-ewepụ akpụkpọ anụ oke nke otu kachasị mma ((Cp NFRCS) na ndị na-ahụ maka njikwa) wee mụọ ya site na H & E staining na Masson's trichrome staining. Dabere na pasent nke mmechi ọnya na ụbọchị iri na abụọ nke ọmụmụ ihe ahụ, a na-ewepụ akpụkpọ anụ oke nke otu kachasị mma ((Cp NFRCS) na ndị na-ahụ maka njikwa) wee mụọ ya site na H & E staining na Masson's trichrome staining.Dabere na pasent nke mmechi ọnya na ụbọchị 12 nke ọmụmụ ihe ahụ, a na-ewepụ akpụkpọ anụ nke oke nke oke kachasị mma ((Cp NFRCS) na ndị na-ahụ maka njikwa) ma nyochaa ya site na nsị na hematoxylin-eosin na Masson's trichrome.根据研究第12天的伤口闭合百分比，切除最佳组((Cp NFRCS)和对照组)染色研究.根据研究第12天的伤口闭合百分比，切除最佳组((Cp NFRCS)和对照组)Oke na otu kacha mma ((Cp NFRCS) na ndị na-ahụ maka njikwa) ka ewepụrụ maka ntụpọ hematoxylin-eosin na ntụpọ trichrome Masson dabere na pasent ọnya mmechi na ụbọchị 12 nke ọmụmụ.Emebere usoro nchacha arụrụ arụ dịka ụzọ akọwara mbụ49,50.Na nkenke, mgbe edozichara na 10% formalin, a na-ekpochapụ ihe nlele ahụ site na iji usoro mmanya na-edozi ahụ.Jiri microtome nweta akụkụ dị gịrịgịrị (oke 5 µm) nke anụ ahụ ewepụrụ.A na-eji hematoxylin na eosin agwọ akụkụ dị mkpa nke njikwa yana Cp NFRCS iji mụọ mgbanwe akụkọ ihe mere eme.A na-eji ntụpọ trichrome Masson chọpụta nguzobe nke fibril collagen.Ndị dọkịta na-ahụ maka ọrịa na-amụpụta nsonaazụ a nwetara n'ìsì.
A mụrụ nkwụsi ike nke ihe atụ Cp NFRCS na ọnụ ụlọ (25°C ± 2°C/60% RH ± 5%) maka ọnwa 1251.A na-enyocha Cp NFRCS (nyocha elu na uto microbial) n'anya wee nwalee maka mgbochi iyi na BCT dịka usoro ndị a dị n'elu nke akọwapụtara na ngalaba ihe na ụzọ.
A nwalere scalability na reproducibility nke Cp NFRCS site na ịkwadebe Cp NFRCS na nha 15 × 15 cm2.Na mgbakwunye, 30 mg samples (n = 5) wepụrụ site na akụkụ dị iche iche nke Cp NFRCS na BCT nke ihe ọmụmụ ndị a na-enyocha dị ka akọwara na mbụ na ngalaba Ụzọ.
Anyị agbalịrị ịmepụta ụdị na ihe dị iche iche site na iji ihe nhazi Cp NFRCS maka ngwa biomedical dị iche iche.Ụdị ma ọ bụ nhazi ndị dị otú ahụ gụnyere conical swabs maka ọbara ọgbụgba, usoro eze, na swabs cylindrical maka ọbara ọgbụgba.
A na-akọwapụta usoro data niile dị ka pụtara ± ọkọlọtọ ọkọlọtọ na ANOVA nyochara ya site na iji Prism 5.03 (GraphPad, San Diego, CA, USA) na-esote Bonferroni's multiple ntụle ule (* p <0.05).
Usoro niile emere na ọmụmụ mmadụ dabere na ụkpụrụ nke Institutelọ Ọrụ na National Research Council, yana nkwupụta Helsinki 1964 na mmezi ya na-esote, ma ọ bụ ụkpụrụ ụkpụrụ omume yiri ya.A gwara ndị niile sonyere gbasara atụmatụ nke ọmụmụ na ụdị afọ ofufo ya.Data onye sonyere na-anọgide na nzuzo ozugbo anakọtara.Kọmiti ụkpụrụ omume nke Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Karnataka enyochala ma kwado usoro nnwale in vitro TEG (IEC: 674/2020).Ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ nkwenye maka ịnakọta nlele ọbara.
A na-eme usoro niile a na-eme na ọmụmụ anụmanụ dị ka Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Ọgwụ nke Kastuba, Ụlọ Ọrụ Manipal Institute of Higher Education, Manipal (IAEC/KMC/69/2020).Emere nnwale anụmanụ niile emebere dịka ntuziaka nke kọmitii maka njikwa na nleba anya nnwale anụmanụ (CPCSEA).Ndị ode akwụkwọ niile na-agbaso ụkpụrụ ARRIVE.
A tụlere ụdịdị FTIR nke NFRCS niile wee jiri ya tụnyere ụdịdị chitosan nke egosiri na eserese 2A.Ihe ngosi dị iche iche nke chitosan (nke edekọ) na 3437 cm-1 (OH na NH na-agbatị, overlap), 2945 na 2897 cm-1 (CH na-agbatị), 1660 cm-1 (NH2 strain), 1589 cm-1 (N-H na-ehulata), 1157 cm-agbatị, 1157 cm-O. xyl), 993 cm-1 (gbatịa CO, Bo-OH) 52.53.54.Tebụl mgbakwunye S1 na-egosi ụkpụrụ ụdị nnabata FTIR NFRCS maka chitosan (onye nta akụkọ), chitosan dị ọcha, Cm, Ch, na Cp.Ihe ngosi FTIR nke NFRCS niile (Cm, Ch na Cp) gosipụtara otu ihe eji eme ihe njiri mara dị ka chitosan dị ọcha na-enweghị mgbanwe ọ bụla (Fig 2A).Nsonaazụ FTIR gosipụtara na enweghị kemịkalụ ma ọ bụ mmekọrịta anụ ahụ dị n'etiti ndị polymer eji emepụta NFRCS, na-egosi na ndị polymers eji eme ihe adịghị adị.
Nhazi in vitro nke Cm NFRCS, Ch NFRCS, Cp NFRCS na Cs.(A) na-anọchi anya ụdịdị FTIR jikọtara ọnụ nke ihe mejupụtara chitosan na Cm NFRCS, Ch NFRCS na Cp NFRCS n'okpuru mkpakọ.(B) a) Ọnụ ọgụgụ nnabata ọbara zuru oke nke NFRCS Cm, Ch, Cp, na Cg (n = 3);Ihe atụ Ct gosipụtara BAR dị elu n'ihi na swab owu nwere arụmọrụ dị elu nke absorption;b) Ọbara mgbe mbịara ọbara gachara Ihe atụ nke ihe nlele etinyere.Ihe ngosi eserese nke BCT nke nlele ule C (Cp NFRCS nwere BCT kacha mma (15 s, n = 3)). E gosipụtara data dị na C, D, E, na G dị ka ± SD pụtara, na ogwe njehie na-anọchi anya SD, *** p <0.0001. E gosipụtara data dị na C, D, E, na G dị ka ± SD pụtara, na ogwe njehie na-anọchi anya SD, *** p <0.0001. Данные в C, D, E и G представлены каксреднее ± стандартное , *** p <0,0001. A na-egosi data dị na C, D, E na G dị ka ihe pụtara ± ọkọlọtọ, na ogwe mperi na-anọchite anya ndahie ọkọlọtọ, *** p<0.0001. C、D、E 和G 中的数据显示为平均值± SD，误差线代表SD，***p <0.0001. C、D、E 和G 中的数据显示为平均值± SD，误差线代表SD，***p <0.0001. Данные в C, D, E и G показаны как среднее значение ± стандартное ihe, *** p <0,0001. E gosipụtara data dị na C, D, E, na G dị ka pụtara ± ọkọlọtọ ọkọlọtọ, ogwe njehie na-anọchite anya ndahie ọkọlọtọ, *** p<0.0001.