Ndị na-ekpo ọkụ efere dị n'ọtụtụ ngwa ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe ma na-ejikarị efere ígwè na-ebufe okpomọkụ n'etiti mmiri abụọ.
Ojiji ha na-eto ngwa ngwa n'ihi na ha na-eme ka ndị na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na omenala (na-emekarị tube a gbakọtara nke nwere otu mmiri nke na-agafe n'ọnụ ụlọ nwere mmiri ọzọ) n'ihi na mmiri a na-ajụ oyi bụ Greater surface area contact, nke na-eme ka nnyefe okpomọkụ dịkwuo elu ma na-abawanye ọnụego mgbanwe okpomọkụ.
Kama mkpuchi na-agafe n'ime ụlọ ndị ahụ, na ihe na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ, e nwere ụlọ abụọ na-agbanwe agbanwe, na-abụkarị nke dị omimi, nkewapụrụ site na mpempe ígwè corrugated na nnukwu ebe ha dị.
A na-emepụta efere mgbanwe okpomọkụ dị otú ahụ site na iji stamping ma ọ bụ ihe eji eme ihe dị ka ihe osise miri emi, ma n'oge na-adịbeghị anya fotochemical etching (PCE) egosila na ọ bụ usoro mmepụta ihe kachasị dị irè na nke dị irè maka ngwa a siri ike. ngwá ọrụ siri ike, na workpiece The corrosion nke igwe ngwaọrụ na fixtures bụ mgbe niile isi ọwụwa.
Ọtụtụ mgbe, n'akụkụ abụọ nke efere okpomọkụ nwere ihe mgbagwoju anya nke na mgbe ụfọdụ karịa ikike nke stamping na machining, ma a na-enweta ngwa ngwa site na iji PCE. Ọzọkwa, PCE nwere ike ịmepụta atụmatụ n'akụkụ abụọ nke efere ahụ n'otu oge, na-azọpụta oge dị ịrịba ama, na usoro ahụ nwere ike itinye n'ọrụ n'ọtụtụ dị iche iche ọla, gụnyere igwe anaghị agba nchara, Inconel 617, aluminum, titanium na titanium.
N'ihi na ụfọdụ pụta ụwa e ji mara nke usoro, PCE awade ihe mara mma ọzọ maka stamping na machining na mpempe akwụkwọ metal ngwa. Iji photoresist na etchant ka kpomkwem hazie chemically họrọ ebe, usoro atụmatụ echebewo ihe onwunwe Njirimara, burr- na nchekasị-free akụkụ na dị ọcha contours na ọ dịghị okpomọkụ-emetụta zones. Ọzọkwa, na fluids etching mediums na-emepụta n'ọnụ na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe. dị mfe na corrosion.
Ejikọtara ya na eziokwu ahụ bụ na PCE na-eji ngwá ọrụ dijitalụ ma ọ bụ iko dị mfe na-emegharị ngwa ngwa na nke dị ọnụ ala, ọ na-enye ụzọ dị irè, dị elu na mmepụta ngwa ngwa na usoro nhazi omenala na stamping. Nke a pụtara nnukwu ego na-akwụ ụgwọ mgbe ị na-emepụta ngwá ọrụ prototype, na n'adịghị ka stamping na machining usoro, ọ dịghị ngwá ọrụ na-eyi na-eri na-ejikọta na re-egbutu ígwè.
Machining na stamping nwere ike na-arụpụta ihe na-erughị-ezughị okè na metal na ịkpụ akara, na-emekarị deforming ihe a na-igwe na-ahapụ burrs, okpomọkụ-emetụta zones, na recast layers. Ọzọkwa, ha na-agbalịsi ike izute zuru ezu mkpebi chọrọ maka obere, ihe mgbagwoju, na kpọmkwem metal akụkụ dị ka okpomọkụ mgbanwe efere.
Ihe ọzọ na-atụle na usoro nhọrọ bụ ọkpụrụkpụ nke ihe a ga- machined.Traditional Filiks na-enwekarị ihe isi ike mgbe etinyere mkpa metal nhazi, stamping na stamping bụ n'ọtụtụ ọnọdụ adịghị mma, mgbe laser na mmiri ọnwụ na-eduga disproportionate na adịghị anakwere etoju nke thermal deformation na ihe fragmentation, respectively.While PCE nwere ike ji mee ihe na a dị iche iche nke ígwè na-arụ ọrụ na ọkpụrụkpụ metaltribute, nke na-eji na a mkpa dị iche iche metaltribute. Ndị na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ, na-enweghị imebi ihe dị nro, nke dị oké mkpa maka iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe nke mgbakọ ahụ.mkpa.
Ebe dị mkpa ebe a na-eji efere eme ihe bụ ngwa mmanụ ọkụ ejiri igwe anaghị agba nchara, aluminom, nickel, titanium, ọla kọpa na ụdị alloys pụrụ iche.
Metal efere na mmanụ ụgbọala cell achọpụtara na-enwe ọtụtụ uru n'elu ihe ndị ọzọ. N'otu oge ahụ, ha dị nnọọ ike, na-enye magburu onwe eletriki conductivity maka mma jụrụ, nwere ike na-emepụta oké mkpa iji etching, dapụtara na mkpumkpu stacks, na-enweghị directional elu imecha n'ime channel.Plates nwere ike kpụrụ na ọwa kere n'otu oge, na dị ka e kwuru n'elu, ọ dịghị thermal nrụgide na-kere na metal na-emepụta.
Usoro PCE na-eme ka nnabata enwere ike ịmegharị na akụkụ bọọdụ igodo niile, gụnyere omimi ụgbọ elu na geometry manifold, ma nwee ike rụpụta akụkụ iji nweta nkọwa nrụgide nrụgide.
Ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ na-eji kemịkal etched na-agụnye moto linear, aerospace, petrochemical and chemical industries. Mgbe emechara, a na-ejikọta efere ndị ahụ na mgbasa ozi na-ejikọta ma ọ bụ na-ejikọta ọnụ iji mee ka isi ihe na-ekpo ọkụ ọkụ.
Ndị na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na-emepụta site na iji PCE dịkwa nnọọ ike ma dị irè, na-enwe ike iguzogide nrụgide nke 600 mmanya mgbe ị na-eme mgbanwe na okpomọkụ dị iche iche site na cryogenics ruo 900 degrees Celsius. Ọ ga-ekwe omume ijikọta ihe karịrị usoro mmiri abụọ n'ime otu unit na izute ihe ndị a chọrọ na pipes na valves na-ebelata nke ukwuu. Reaction na mixing nwekwara ike tinye ya n'ime efere-ekpo ọkụ na-arụ ọrụ otu unit.
Ihe ndị a chọrọ taa maka ikpo ọkụ ọkụ na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma na nke na-azọpụta ohere na-eweta nnukwu ihe ịma aka nye ọtụtụ ndị injinia mmepe. The miniaturization nke ọtụtụ components na eletriki na microsystem technology na-emepụta ihe a na-akpọ thermal hot spots, nke chọrọ ezigbo okpomọkụ dissipation iji hụ na a ogologo ọrụ ndụ.
N'iji 2D na 3D PCE, microchannels nwere nkọwa obosara na omimi nwere ike ịmepụta na ndị na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ maka nhọrọ nke mgbasa ozi mgbasa ozi na-ekpo ọkụ na mpaghara kacha nta. Ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ njedebe nke ọwa nwere ike ime.
Ọzọkwa, ebe ọ bụ na etching usoro akpali imewe ọhụrụ na geometric nnwere onwe, ọgba aghara eruba dị ka megide laminar eruba nwere ike na-akwalite site na iji wavy ọwa n'ọnụ na deeps.Turbulent eruba na jụrụ ọkara pụtara na coolant na kọntaktị na okpomọkụ isi iyi na-mgbe niile na-agbanwe, nke na-eme ka okpomọkụ mgbanwe ọzọ rụọ ọrụ nke ọma.Such corrugations na irregularities na-eme ka okpomọkụ na-eme ka ndị ọzọ na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma. iji mepụta usoro mmepụta ọzọ.
Ọkachamara PCE micrometal GmbH na-eji ngwa optoelectronic ọnụ ahịa asọmpi iji mepụta ọmarịcha workpieces nwere ogo dị elu nke nwere ike ikwugharị.
Enwere ike itinye efere microchannel n'otu n'otu (dịka ọmụmaatụ, site na ịgbado ọkụ) na geometries 3D dị iche iche.micrometal na-eji netwọk mmekọ nwere ahụmahụ na-enye ndị ahịa nhọrọ ịzụta efere microchannel nke ọ bụla ma ọ bụ ihe mgbochi microchannel okpomọkụ.
Ihe nwere ihe ọla na nke nwere ihe abụọ ma ọ bụ karịa kemịkalụ, opekata mpe otu n'ime ha bụ ọla.
Belata mmiri okpomọkụ na-abawanye na ngwá ọrụ / workpiece interface n'oge machining.A na-emekarị na mmiri mmiri n'ụdị, dị ka soluble ma ọ bụ chemical ngwakọta (ọkara synthetic, sịntetik), ma nwekwara ike-pressurized ikuku ma ọ bụ ndị ọzọ gases.Due ya ike banye nnukwu ichekwa okpomọkụ, mmiri na-ọtụtụ-eji dị ka a coolant na ebu maka iche iche ọnwụ ogige, na ruru nke mmiri na-egbutu ogige.ọkara synthetic ịkpụ mmiri mmiri;mmiri mmiri na-egbu mmanụ soluble;sịntetik ọnwụ mmiri.
1. Nkesa nke akụrụngwa na gas, mmiri mmiri, ma ọ bụ siri ike nke na-eme ka ihe mejupụtara ya bụrụ otu n'akụkụ niile.2.Atọm ma ọ bụ molekul na-ebugharị ozugbo gaa ebe ọhụrụ n'ime ihe ahụ.
Ọrụ nke ọkụ eletrik na-asọba n'etiti workpiece na ngwá ọrụ na-eduzi site na electrolyte.Na-ebute mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ nke na-agbaze metal si workpiece na ọnụ ọgụgụ a na-achịkwa. N'adịghị ka usoro ịkpụ osisi, hardness workpiece abụghị ihe kpatara ya, na-eme ka ECM dị mma maka ihe siri ike na-arụ ọrụ. N'ụdị electrochemical egweri, electrochemical honing na electrochemical ntụgharị.
Functionally otu dị ka a rotary moto na a igwe ngwá ọrụ, a linear moto nwere ike na-eche dị ka ọkọlọtọ na-adịgide adịgide magnet rotary moto, bee axially na etiti, mgbe ahụ yipụ na tọrọ flat.The isi uru nke iji linear Motors na-akwọ ụgbọala axis ngagharị bụ na ọ na-ewepụ ndị inefficiencies na n'ibu dị iche iche mere site bọọlụ ịghasa mgbakọ usoro eji na ọtụtụ CNC igwe ngwaọrụ.
Ihe ndị nwere oghere sara mbara na udidi elu. Gụnye mmebi iwu niile obosara karịa ka ntọala mbelata ngwá ọrụ. Lee Flow;Ụgha;Isi ike.
Dr. Michael J. Hicks bụ Director nke Center for Business and Economic Research na George na Francis Ball Distinguished Prọfesọ nke Economics na Ball State University Miller School of Business.Hicks natara Ph.D.na MA na Economics sitere na Mahadum Tennessee na BA na Economics sitere na Virginia Military Institute. O deela akwụkwọ abụọ na ihe karịrị akwụkwọ 60 nke ndị ọkà mmụta na-elekwasị anya na iwu obodo na obodo, gụnyere ụtụ isi na mmefu ego na mmetụta nke Walmart na akụ na ụba obodo.