E gosipụtara ihe nchebe mgbapụta mgbapụta iji chebe nfuli site na ájá na ịgbatị ndụ ọrụ nke ESP na olulu mmiri na-adịghị mma. Nke a ngwọta na-achịkwa backflow nke frac ájá na ndị ọzọ siri ike nke nwere ike ime ka ibu ibu na downtime.The na-enyere technology na-ewepụ nsogbu ndị metụtara urughuru size nkesa ejighị n'aka.
Dị ka ọtụtụ mmanụ mmanụ na-adabere na ESPs, ịgbatị ndụ nke eletriki submersible pumping (ESP) usoro na-aghọwanye mkpa.The ọrụ ndụ na arụmọrụ nke artificial lift nfuli na-enwe mmetụta siri ike na-emepụta fluids.The ọrụ ndụ na arụmọrụ nke ESP ebelata budata na-abawanye na siri ike particles.Na mgbakwunye, solids na-abawanye nke ọma downtime na workover ugboro chọrọ iji dochie ESP.
siri ike ahụ na mgbe eru site wuru nfuli nfuli na-agụnye guzobe ájá, haịdrọlik fracturing proppants, simenti, na eroded ma ọ bụ corroded metal particles.Downhole teknụzụ e mere iji kewapụ solids nso si ala-arụmọrụ cyclones ka elu-arụmọrụ 3D igwe anaghị agba nchara waya mesh.Downhole vortex desanders nke ọma e ji mee ihe na-eme ihe na-eme ihe n'ihi na ọtụtụ iri afọ na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na-eme ka ihe na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na ọtụtụ iri afọ. mgbe ọ bụla, olulu mmiri ndị na-adịghị ahụkebe na-edobe slug na-agafe agafe, nke na-ebute teknụzụ nkewa vortex downhole dị naanị na-arụ ọrụ n'egbughị oge.
Ọtụtụ dị iche iche variants nke jikọtara ájá akara meziri na downhole vortex desanders e aro iji chebe ESPs. Otú ọ dị, e nwere ọdịiche dị na nchebe na mmepụta arụmọrụ nke niile nfuli n'ihi na ejighị n'aka na size nkesa na olu nke siri ike na-emepụta site na nke ọ bụla well.Atụghị n'aka na-abawanye ogologo nke ájá akara components, si otú mbenata omimi na nke nke ọma nke ESP nwere ike na-ebelata mmetụta akụ na ụba na nke ESP na-ebelata mmetụta akụ na ụba. A na-ahọrọ omimi ntọala miri emi na olulu mmiri na-adịghị mma. Otú ọ dị, iji de-sanders na nwoke-plug arịlịka arịlịka na-akwụsịtụ ogologo, isiike ájá na-achịkwa mgbakọ na casing ngalaba na elu dogleg severity mmachi ESP MTBF. Corrosion nke n'ime tube bụ akụkụ ọzọ nke imewe a na-adịghị atụle nke ọma.
Ndị na-ede akwụkwọ nke 2005 gosipụtara nnwale nsonaazụ nke ihe nkesa ájá na-agbada na-adabere na tube cyclone (Figure 1), nke dabere na ọrụ cyclone na ike ndọda, iji gosi na ike nkewa na-adabere na viscosity mmanụ, ọnụego eruba, na nha nha .Ha na-egosi na arụmọrụ nke separator bụ ibelata na-adabere n'ụzọ dị ukwuu n'ihe na-adabere na njedebe nke separator. na-abụ abụ eruba ọnụego, ibelata siri ike urughuru size, na-amụba mmanụ viscosity, Figure 2.For a ahụkarị cyclone tube downhole separator, na nkewa arụmọrụ tụlee ka ~ 10% dị ka urughuru size tụlee ka ~ 100 µm.Na mgbakwunye, dị ka eruba ọnụego na-abawanye, vortex separator bụ isiokwu mbuze iyi, nke na-emetụta ojiji nke structural components ndụ.
Nhọrọ ọzọ ezi uche dị na ya bụ iji ihuenyo njikwa ájá 2D nke nwere oghere oghere akọwapụtara. Akụkụ akụkụ na nkesa bụ ihe dị mkpa mgbe ị na-ahọrọ ákwà ngebichi iji nyochaa ihe siri ike na mmepụta nke ọma ma ọ bụ nke na-adịghị mma, ma ha nwere ike ịbụ ndị a ma ama. Ihe siri ike nwere ike si na mmiri mmiri, ma ha nwere ike ịdịgasị iche site n'ikiri ụkwụ ruo n'ikiri ụkwụ;N'aka nke ọzọ, ihuenyo ahụ nwere ike ịdị mkpa ka ihicha ájá sitere na hydraulic fracturing. N'ọnọdụ ọ bụla, ọnụ ahịa nchịkọta siri ike, nyocha na ule nwere ike igbochi.
Ọ bụrụ na 2D tubing ihuenyo na-adịghị ahazi nke ọma, na ya pụta nwere ike imebi akụ na ụba nke ọma.Sand ihuenyo mmeghe nke dị oke obere nwere ike ịkpata akaghi aka plugging, shutdowns na mkpa maka remedial workovers.If na ha dị oke ibu, ha na-ekwe ka siri ike banye kpamkpam n'ime mmepụta usoro, nke nwere ike corrode mmanụ ọkpọkọ, mebie artificial elu nfuli, jupụta n'elu nfuli nfuli na flush na-achọrọ nfuli elu elu nfuli, na-ejuputa na-achọghị nfuli elu nfuli. ihe ngwọta dị mfe, dị ọnụ ahịa nke nwere ike ịgbatị ndụ nke mgbapụta ahụ ma kpuchie oke nkesa nke nha ájá.
Iji gboo mkpa a, a ọmụmụ e duziri na ojiji nke valvụ mgbakọ na Nchikota na igwe anaghị agba nchara waya ntupu, nke bụ enweghị uche na dapụtara solids nkesa.Studies egosiwo na igwe anaghị agba nchara waya ntupu na variable pore size na 3D Ọdịdị nwere ike n'ụzọ dị irè ịchịkwa solids nke dị iche iche nha n'amaghị na urughuru size nkesa nke dapụtara solids, The mesh 3D nwere ike na-ejiri igwe anaghị agba nchara ihe niile dị irè wires na-enweghị nchara na-achịkwa wires. .
Mgbakọ valvụ a na-agbanye na ala ihuenyo ahụ na-enye ohere ka mmepụta ya nọgide na-aga n'ihu ruo mgbe ESP na-apụ apụ. Ọ na-egbochi ESP ka a na-enweta ya ozugbo mgbe ihuenyo bridged. Ihe na-esi na ya pụta na mkpuchi mkpuchi ájá ájá na mgbakọ valve na-echebe ESPs, mkpara ebuli nfuli, na gas na-ebuli mmecha site na ihe siri ike n'oge mmepụta site na ihicha mmiri mmiri na-asọba ma na-enye ihe ngwọta dị irè na-enwe ike ịgbatị ndụ mgbapụta na-enweghị ike ịgbatị ndụ mgbapụta mmiri dị iche iche.
Nke mbụ ọgbọ mgbapụta nchekwa design.A mgbapụta nchekwa mgbakọ na-eji igwe anaghị agba nchara ajị ákwà e deployed na a uzuoku aka ike ndọda drainage nke ọma na Western Canada iji chebe ESP si siri ike n'oge mmepụta.Screens na-enyocha ihe ndị na-emerụ ahụ site na mmiri mmepụta ihe ka ọ na-abanye na mmepụta string.N'ime eriri mmepụta, mmiri na-asọba na ntinye ESP, ebe a na-agbanye ha n'elu ala na-agba ọsọ n'etiti ngebichi nke zobo na-enye ihe ngosi nke ọma n'etiti mpaghara zobo. re.
N'ime oge mmepụta ihe, oghere annular n'etiti ihuenyo na casing na-eme ka ájá na-ejikọta ya na ájá, nke na-eme ka nkwụsị nke mmiri na-asọ asọ. N'ikpeazụ, annulus bridges kpamkpam, na-akwụsị na-asọpụta, ma na-emepụta ihe dị iche iche nrụgide n'etiti wellbore na eriri mmepụta, dị ka e gosiri na Figure 3. N'oge a, mmiri enweghị ike ịbanye na ESP na eriri mmecha ga-adọta.Dabere n'ọtụtụ mgbanwe dị iche iche metụtara mmepụta ihe siri ike, oge achọrọ iji kwụsị ịgbasa site na akwa mmiri siri ike na ihuenyo nwere ike ịbụ ihe na-erughị oge nke ga-eme ka ESP na-agbapụta mmiri siri ike na-ebufe mmiri pụtara oge n'etiti ọdịda na ala, ya mere e mepụtara ọgbọ nke abụọ nke components.
Mgbakọ nchekwa mgbapụta ọgbọ nke abụọ. A na-akwụsịtụ ihuenyo ntinye ájá nke PumpGuard * na usoro mgbakọ valve n'okpuru REDA * mgbapụta na Figure 4, ihe atụ nke njedebe ESP na-adịghị mma. Ozugbo olulu mmiri ahụ na-emepụta, ihuenyo na-enyocha ihe siri ike na mmepụta, ma ọ ga-amalite iji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-ejikọta ájá na ájá ma mee ka nrụgide nrụgide dị iche iche. .Nke a na-asọ asọ na-eme ka nrụgide dị iche iche dị iche iche na-agafe na ihuenyo ahụ, na-eme ka njide nke sandbags dị n'èzí ihuenyo ahụ. Ajị na-enwere onwe ya ka ọ pụta na annulus, nke na-ebelata nkwụsị nke ntanye site na ihuenyo ma na-enye ohere ịmaliteghachi. Dị ka nrụgide dị iche iche na-adaba, valvụ ahụ na-alaghachi n'ọnọdụ ya mechiri emechi na ọnọdụ ịgba ọsọ nkịtị maliteghachi. budata ịgbatị ndụ nke mgbapụta ahụ ma e jiri ya tụnyere ịmecha nyocha naanị.
N'ihi na-adịbeghị anya echichi, a na-eri-chụpụrụ ngwọta e ẹkenam maka ebe kewapụrụ n'etiti igwe anaghị agba nchara waya ntupu na ESP.A ala chere ihu cup packer na-n'ịnyịnya n'elu ihuenyo section.N'elu iko packer, ọzọ center tube perforations na-enye a eruba ụzọ maka emepụta mmiri mmiri ịkwaga si n'ime ime ihuenyo na annular ohere n'elu ngwugwu, ebe mmiri nwere ike ịbanye ESP na akpa.
The igwe anaghị agba nchara waya ntupu nyo ahọrọ maka nke a ngwọta na-enye ọtụtụ uru n'elu ọdịiche dabeere 2D ntupu ụdị.2D nzacha na-adabere isi na urughuru spanning nyo gaps ma ọ bụ ohere mpere na-ewu sandbags na-enye ájá control.However, ebe ọ bụ naanị otu ọdịiche uru nwere ike họrọ maka ihuenyo, ihuenyo na-aghọ nke ukwuu mmetụta uche na urughuru size nkesa nke emepụtara ọmụmụ.
N'ụzọ dị iche, akwa akwa akwa akwa nke igwe anaghị agba nchara nchara nchara na-enye nnukwu porosity (92%) na nnukwu oghere na-emeghe (40%) maka mmiri mmiri na-emepụta wellbore (40%) a na-arụ ya site na ịpịkọta igwe anaghị agba nchara ajị anụ na-ekpuchi ya ozugbo na gburugburu tube etiti gbawara agbawa, wee kpuchie ya n'ime mkpuchi nchebe perforated nke a na-agbanye na tube nkesa nke na-abụghị nke mebere na njedebe nke ọ bụla. sitere na 15 µm ka 600 µm) na-enye ohere na-adịghị emerụ fines na-asọba tinyere a 3D eruba ụzọ kwupụta Central tube mgbe ibu na-emerụ ahụ na-tọrọ atọ n'ime ntupu.Sand njigide ule na ụdị nke a sieve gosiri na nyo na-ekwusi ike elu permeability n'ihi na mmiri na-eme site sieve. Onye isi ọrụ mepụtara ol ihuenyo na 1980s kpọmkwem maka mmecha ihuenyo nke nwere onwe ya na mmiri mmiri na-akpali akpali ma nwee nnukwu ndekọ ndekọ nke nrụnye na-aga nke ọma.
Mgbakọ valvụ na-agụnye valvụ mmiri na-ebu mmiri nke na-enye ohere ka otu ụzọ banye n'ime eriri tubing site na mpaghara mmepụta. Site n'ịgbanwe eriri mmiri mmiri preload tupu echichi, valvụ ahụ nwere ike ịhazi ya iji nweta nrụgide mgbawa a chọrọ maka ngwa ahụ. valvụ kacha nta.
Ka oge na-aga, ihe ndị e guzobere na-ejupụta mpaghara annular n'etiti elu elu nke mkpuchi mkpuchi mgbapụta mgbapụta na mgbidi nke mmepụta casing. Dị ka oghere jupụtara na ájá na ihe ndị ahụ na-ejikọta, nrụgide nrụgide n'ofe sandbag na-abawanye. Mgbe nke a nrụgide dobe erute a preset uru, na cone valvụ meghere na-ekwe ka eruba kpọmkwem site na mgbapụta mgbapụta.At na ihuenyo na mbụ na-agbaji site n'ikuku nke na-agbaji n'elu ájá na-agbaji n'akụkụ nke a ogbo nke exsol. filter.N'ihi mgbanwe dị iche iche nke nrụgide na-ebelata, mmiri ga-amaliteghachi site na ihuenyo na valvụ oriri ga-emechi. Ya mere, mgbapụta ahụ nwere ike ịhụ mmiri ahụ kpọmkwem site na valvụ maka obere oge. Nke a na-eme ka ndụ nke mgbapụta ahụ dịkwuo ogologo, n'ihi na ọtụtụ n'ime mmiri na-asọpụta bụ mmiri a na-enyocha site na ihuenyo ájá.
A na-eji usoro nchebe mgbapụta arụ ọrụ na ndị na-ebubata ihe na olulu mmiri atọ dị iche iche na Delaware Basin dị na United States. Ihe mgbaru ọsọ bụ isi bụ iji belata ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ESP na-amalite na nkwụsị n'ihi oke ihe ndị metụtara ájá na iji mee ka ESP dịwanye mma. belata site na 75% na ndụ mgbapụta mụbara karịa 22%.
A well.An ESP usoro e arụnyere na a ọhụrụ mkpọpu ala na fracturing ọma na Martin County, Texas.The vetikal akụkụ nke olulu mmiri bụ mkpokọta 9,000 ụkwụ na kehoraizin òkè gbatịrị 12,000 ụkwụ, tụrụ omimi (MD) .N'ihi na mbụ abụọ mmezu, a downhole vortex ájá separator usoro na isii liner njikọ na-etinyere dị ka otu akụkụ nke ESP concomputive 12,000 ụkwụ. Parator, ejighị n'aka omume nke ESP arụ ọrụ parameters (ugbu a ike na vibration) hụrụ.Disassembly analysis nke dọtara ESP unit gosiri na vortex gas separator mgbakọ e clogged na mba ọzọ okwu, nke e kpebisiri ike ịbụ ájá n'ihi na ọ bụ na-abụghị magnetik na ọ dịghị chemically meghachi omume na acid.
Na nke atọ ESP echichi, igwe anaghị agba nchara waya ntupu dochie ájá separator dị ka a n'aka ESP ájá control.Mgbe wụnye ọhụrụ mgbapụta nchedo usoro, na ESP exhibited ọzọ mụ omume, mbenata nso nke moto ugbu fluctuations si ~ 19 A maka echichi # 2 ka ~ 6.3 A maka echichi # 3. Vibration bụ ihe kwụsiri ike na omume na-ebelata site na 75% nke gara aga na-enwe mmetụta na-adabere na fluctu 0 ruo 75%. Si of pressure drop.ESP bufee shutdown na-ebelata site 100% na ESP na-arụ ọrụ na obere ịma jijiji.
Ọfọn B. N'otu olulu mmiri dị nso Eunice, New Mexico, olulu mmiri ọzọ na-adịghị ahụkebe nwere ESP arụnyere ma ọ dịghị nchebe mgbapụta. Mgbe mmalite buut dobe, ESP malitere igosi àgwà na-adịghị mma. Mgbanwe dị ugbu a na nrụgide na-ejikọta ya na spikes vibration. Mgbe ọ na-ejigide ọnọdụ ndị a maka ụbọchị 137, ESP dara na onye na-anọchi anya na-arụnyere.Echichi nke abụọ na-arụ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma, ESP na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma. na amperage kwụsiri ike na obere ịma jijiji. N'oge mbipụta, ọsọ nke abụọ nke ESP eruola ihe karịrị ụbọchị 300 nke ọrụ, mmụba dị ukwuu karịa nrụnye gara aga.
Ọfọn C.The usoro nke atọ na saịtị echichi bụ na Mentone, Texas, site mmanụ na gas ọpụrụiche ụlọ ọrụ na ahụmahụ outages na ESP ọdịda n'ihi na ájá mmepụta na chọrọ ka mma mgbapụta uptime.Operators a na-agba ọsọ downhole ájá separators na liner na onye ọ bụla ESP well. Otú ọ dị, ozugbo liner jupụtara na ájá, na separator ga-ekwe ka ájá na-eruba, na-agba ọsọ na-agba ọsọ ngalaba Afro na-agba ọsọ n'elu ngalaba mgbapụta. usoro ọhụrụ nke nwere ihe nchekwa mgbapụta, ESP nwere 22% ogologo ndụ na-arụ ọrụ na nkwụsị nrụgide kwụsiri ike na oge kachasị mma metụtara ESP.
Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke nkwụsị nke ájá na ihe siri ike metụtara mgbe a na-arụ ọrụ belatara site na 75%, site na 8 bufee ihe omume na ntinye nke mbụ na abụọ na ntinye nke abụọ, na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ịmaliteghachi nke ọma mgbe nkwụsịtụ bufee mụbara site na 30%, site na 8 na ntinye mbụ.Ngụkọta ihe omume 12, maka ngụkọta nke ihe omume 8, mere na ntinye nke abụọ, na-ebelata nrụgide eletrik na ngwá ọrụ na ịbawanye ndụ ọrụ nke ESP.
Ọnụọgụ 5 na-egosi mmụba na mberede na ntinye aka nrịbama oriri (acha anụnụ anụnụ) mgbe a na-egbochi nchara igwe anaghị agba nchara ma meghee mgbakọ valve. Nke a na-edebanye aha nrụgide nwere ike imeziwanye mmepụta mmepụta ihe site n'ịkọ amụma ọdịda ESP metụtara ájá, ya mere enwere ike ịhazi ọrụ ngbanwe na workover rigs.
1 Martins, JA, ES Rosa, S. Robson, "Nnyocha nnwale nke swirl tube dị ka downhole desander ngwaọrụ," SPE Paper 94673-MS, nke e gosipụtara na SPE Latin America na Caribbean Petroleum Engineering Conference, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, June 20 - February 23, 2005.https://doi.org/13809.
Edemede a nwere ihe sitere na akwụkwọ SPE 207926-MS, nke ewepụtara na ihe ngosi na ogbako International Petroleum Abu Dhabi na Abu Dhabi, UAE, 15-18 Nọvemba 2021.
A na-edobe ihe niile n'okpuru iwu nwebiisinka akwadoro nke ọma, biko gụọ Usoro na Ọnọdụ anyị, Amụma Kuki na Amụma Nzuzo tupu iji saịtị a.