Mawu Oyamba
Giredi 316 ndiye giredi yokhazikika yokhala ndi molybdenum, yachiwiri kufunikira mpaka 304 pakati pazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri za austenitic.Molybdenum imapatsa mphamvu 316 yabwinoko yolimbana ndi dzimbiri kuposa Giredi 304, makamaka kukana kutsekereza ndi kuwonongeka kwa ming'alu m'malo a chloride.
Gulu la 316L, mtundu wa 316 wochepa wa carbon ndipo uli ndi chitetezo ku sensitization (grain boundary carbide precipitation).Chifukwa chake, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazinthu zowotcherera zolemera (zopitilira 6mm).Nthawi zambiri palibe kusiyana kwamitengo pakati pa 316 ndi 316L chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.
Mapangidwe a austenitic amapatsanso magirediwa kulimba kwambiri, ngakhale mpaka kutentha kwa cryogenic.
Poyerekeza ndi zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri za chromium-nickel austenitic, 316L chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chimapereka chiwopsezo chambiri, kupsinjika mpaka kuphulika ndi kulimba kwamphamvu pakutentha kokwera.
Zofunika Kwambiri
Zinthu izi zimatchulidwira zinthu zopindika (mbale, pepala ndi koyilo) mu ASTM A240/A240M.Zofanana koma osati zofananira zimatchulidwa pazinthu zina monga chitoliro ndi bar muzofunikira zawo.
Kupanga
Table 1. Mapangidwe osiyanasiyana a 316L zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri.
Gulu |
| C | Mn | Si | P | S | Cr | Mo | Ni | N |
316l ndi | Min | - | - | - | - | - | 16.0 | 2.00 | 10.0 | - |
Max | 0.03 | 2.0 | 0.75 | 0.045 | 0.03 | 18.0 | 3.00 | 14.0 | 0.10 |
Mechanical Properties
Table 2. Makina azitsulo za 316L zosapanga dzimbiri.
Gulu | Tensile Str | Yield Str | Elong | Kuuma | |
Rockwell B (HR B) max | Brinell (HB) max | ||||
316l ndi | 485 | 170 | 40 | 95 | 217 |
Zakuthupi
Table 3.Zowoneka bwino zazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri 316.
Gulu | Kuchulukana | Elastic Modulus | Kutanthauza Co-Eff of Thermal Expansion (µm/m/°C) | Thermal Conductivity | Kutentha Kwapadera 0-100°C | Elec Resistivity | |||
0-100 ° C | 0-315 ° C | 0-538°C | Pa 100 ° C | Pa 500 ° C | |||||
316/L/H | 8000 | 193 | 15.9 | 16.2 | 17.5 | 16.3 | 21.5 | 500 | 740 |
Kufananiza kwa Magawo a Gulu
Table 4.Zolemba zamakalasi zazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri za 316L.
Gulu | UNS | Old British | Euronorm | Chiswidishi | Chijapani | ||
BS | En | No | Dzina | ||||
316l ndi | S31603 | 316S11 | - | 1.4404 | X2CrNiMo17-12-2 | 2348 | Mtengo wa 316L |
Zindikirani: Mafananidwe awa ndi ongoyerekeza.Mndandandawu udapangidwa ngati kufananitsa zinthu zofananira zomwe zimagwira ntchito osati ngati ndandanda yofanana ndi makontrakitala.Ngati zofananira zenizeni zikufunika zofunikira zoyambira ziyenera kufufuzidwa.
Magiredi Ena Otheka
Table 5. Mwina magiredi ena ku 316 zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri.
Table 5.Magiredi ena otheka kupita ku 316 zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri.
Gulu | Chifukwa chiyani zitha kusankhidwa m'malo mwa 316? |
317l ndi | Kukana kwakukulu kwa ma chloride kuposa 316L, koma kukana kofananira ndi kupsinjika kwa dzimbiri. |
Gulu
Chifukwa chiyani zitha kusankhidwa m'malo mwa 316?
317l ndi
Kukana kwakukulu kwa ma chloride kuposa 316L, koma kukana kofananira ndi kupsinjika kwa dzimbiri.
Kukaniza kwa Corrosion
Zabwino kwambiri mumlengalenga osiyanasiyana komanso zida zambiri zowononga - nthawi zambiri zimalimbana ndi 304. Kutengera kutsekeka ndi kung'ambika kwa dzimbiri m'malo otentha a chloride, komanso kutsindika kusweka kwa dzimbiri pamwamba pa 60.°C. Imayesedwa kugonjetsedwa ndi madzi amchere okhala ndi ma chloride ofikira 1000mg/L pa kutentha kozungulira, kutsika mpaka 500mg/L pa 60.°C.
316 nthawi zambiri imawonedwa ngati muyezo“m'madzi kalasi zosapanga dzimbiri”, koma siimalimbana ndi madzi a m’nyanja ofunda.M'madera ambiri am'madzi 316 amawonetsa dzimbiri pamtunda, nthawi zambiri amawonekera ngati madontho a bulauni.Izi zimagwirizanitsidwa makamaka ndi ming'alu ndi kutha kwa pamwamba.
Kukaniza Kutentha
Kukana kwabwino kwa okosijeni muntchito yapakatikati mpaka 870°C ndikugwira ntchito mosalekeza mpaka 925°C. Kugwiritsa ntchito mosalekeza kwa 316 mu 425-860°C savomerezeka ngati kukana kwa dzimbiri kwamadzi kotsatira ndikofunikira.Giredi 316L imalimbana kwambiri ndi mvula ya carbide ndipo imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamatenthedwe omwe ali pamwambapa.Gulu la 316H lili ndi mphamvu zochulukirapo pakutentha kokwera ndipo nthawi zina limagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu zolimbitsa thupi komanso zopatsa mphamvu pa kutentha kopitilira 500.°C.
Kutentha Chithandizo
Chithandizo cha Solution (Annealing) - Kutentha mpaka 1010-1120°C ndikuziziritsa mwachangu.Maphunzirowa sangaumitsidwe ndi chithandizo chamankhwala.
Kuwotcherera
Kuwotcherera kwabwino kwambiri mwa njira zonse zophatikizira ndi kukana, zonse zokhala ndi zitsulo zodzaza komanso zopanda zitsulo.Zigawo zowotcherera zolemera mu Giredi 316 zimafuna kutsekera pambuyo pa kuwotcherera kuti zisawononge dzimbiri.Izi sizofunikira pa 316L.
316L chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri sichimawotcherera pogwiritsa ntchito njira zowotcherera za oxyacetylene.
Machining
Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha 316L chimakonda kugwira ntchito molimba ngati chimapangidwa mwachangu kwambiri.Pachifukwa ichi, kuthamanga kwapang'onopang'ono komanso kudyetsa pafupipafupi kumalimbikitsidwa.
Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha 316L ndichosavuta kupanga makina poyerekeza ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha 316 chifukwa chokhala ndi mpweya wochepa.
Ntchito Yotentha ndi Yozizira
Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha 316L chikhoza kutenthedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zodziwika bwino zogwirira ntchito.Kutentha koyenera kogwira ntchito kuyenera kukhala kosiyanasiyana 1150-1260°C, ndipo sayenera kuchepera 930°C. Annealing positi ntchito annealing kuchititsa dzimbiri kukana dzimbiri.
Nthawi zambiri kuzizira kogwira ntchito monga kumeta, kujambula ndi kupondaponda kumatha kuchitidwa pazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri 316L.Annealing pambuyo ntchito annealing kuchitidwa kuchotsa nkhawa mkati.
Kulimbitsa ndi Kulimbitsa Ntchito
316L chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri sichimauma poyankha kutentha.Ikhoza kuumitsidwa ndi ntchito yozizira, yomwe ingapangitsenso kuwonjezereka kwa mphamvu.
Mapulogalamu
Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndizo:
•Zida zopangira chakudya makamaka m'malo a chloride.
•Mankhwala
•Mapulogalamu apanyanja
•Zomangamanga ntchito
•Ma implants azachipatala, kuphatikiza mapini, zomangira ndi zoyika mafupa monga zosinthira m'chiuno ndi mawondo.
•Zomangira