Kuwotcherera zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri kumafuna kusankha kwa mpweya wotchinga kuti ukhalebe ndi zitsulo zokhala ndi zitsulo komanso zogwirizana ndi thupi ndi makina. Zinthu zodziwika bwino zotetezera mpweya wazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zikuphatikizapo argon, helium, mpweya, mpweya woipa, nayitrogeni, ndi haidrojeni (onani Chithunzi 1) .
Chifukwa madutsidwe osauka matenthedwe zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ndi ndi "ozizira" chikhalidwe cha yochepa dera kutengerapo mpweya zitsulo arc kuwotcherera (GMAW), ndondomeko amafuna "Tri-kusakaniza" mpweya wopangidwa ndi 85% mpaka 90% helium (Iye), mpaka 10 % Argon (Ar) ndi 2% mpaka 5% CO2 osakaniza 1 , 9% ya carbon dioxide / 2% osakaniza kaboni dioksidi / 0). , ndi 2-1 / 2% CO2. Mphamvu yapamwamba ya ionization ya heliamu imalimbikitsa arcing pambuyo pafupi;kuphatikizika ndi matenthedwe ake apamwamba, kugwiritsa ntchito Iye kumawonjezera kusungunuka kwa dziwe losungunuka.Chigawo cha Ar cha Trimix chimapereka chitetezo chokwanira cha weld chithaphwi, pamene CO2 imakhala ngati chigawo chokhazikika kuti chikhazikitse arc (onani Chithunzi 2 cha momwe mpweya wotetezera wosiyana umakhudzira mbiri ya weld bead).
Zosakaniza zina za ternary zingagwiritse ntchito mpweya monga stabilizer, pamene ena amagwiritsa ntchito He / CO2 / N2 osakaniza kuti akwaniritse zotsatira zomwezo.Ogasi ena a gasi ali ndi gasi omwe ali ndi gasi omwe amapereka phindu lolonjezedwa.
Cholakwika chachikulu chomwe opanga amapanga ndikuyesa kufupikitsa zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri za GMAW ndi kusakaniza kwa gasi (75 Ar / 25 CO2) ngati chitsulo chofewa, nthawi zambiri chifukwa safuna kuwongolera silinda yowonjezera. Kusakaniza kumeneku kuli ndi carbon yambiri. Ndipotu, mpweya uliwonse wotetezera womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito pa waya wolimba uyenera kukhala ndi 5% carbon dioxide. pansi pa 0.03%). Mpweya wochuluka mu mpweya wotetezera ukhoza kupanga chromium carbides, yomwe imachepetsa kukana kwa dzimbiri ndi makina.
Monga mbali cholemba, posankha zitsulo kwa shorting GMAW kwa 300 mndandanda maziko aloyi (308, 309, 316, 347), opanga ayenera kusankha LSi kalasi.LSi fillers ndi otsika mpweya okhutira (0.02%) choncho makamaka analimbikitsa pamene pali chiopsezo intergranular dzimbiri. ku chala.
Opanga ayenera kusamala akamagwiritsa ntchito njira zazifupi zosinthira. Kuphatikizika kosakwanira kungayambitse chifukwa cha kuzimitsa kwa arc, kupangitsa kuti ntchitoyi ikhale yocheperako pakugwiritsa ntchito zovuta kwambiri. M'malo okwera kwambiri, ngati zinthuzo zimatha kuthandizira kutentha kwake (≥ 1/16 inchi ndi pafupifupi thinnest zinthu welded pogwiritsa ntchito pulse spray mode), kukhala ndi pulseld sprayed ndisamutsa malo opopera. popeza imapereka kuphatikiza kogwirizana.
Kutentha kwapang'onopang'ono kumeneku sikufuna kuti Iye ateteze gasi.Pakuti kuwotcherera kutsitsi kwa 300 mndandanda wa aloyi, chisankho chofala ndi 98% Ar ndi 2% zotakataka monga CO2 kapena O2.Zosakaniza zina za gasi zingakhalenso ndi zochepa za N2.N2 zimakhala ndi ionization yapamwamba kwambiri komanso matenthedwe matenthedwe, omwe amalimbikitsa kunyowa ndi kupititsa patsogolo kuyenda;kumachepetsanso kupotoza.
Kwa pulsed spray transfer GMAW, 100% Ar ikhoza kukhala chisankho chovomerezeka.Chifukwa chakuti pulsed panopa imakhazikika pa arc, mpweya sumafuna zinthu zogwira ntchito nthawi zonse.
Dziwe losungunuka ndilochedwa kwa zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri za ferritic ndi zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zosapanga dzimbiri (50/50 chiŵerengero cha ferrite ku austenite) .Kwa ma alloys awa, kusakaniza kwa gasi monga ~ 70% Ar / ~ 30% He / 2% CO2 idzalimbikitsa kunyowa bwino ndikuwonjezera liwiro la ulendo (onani Chithunzi 3) . pamwamba (mwachitsanzo, kuwonjezera 2% CO2 kapena O2 ndikokwanira kuonjezera oxide okhutira, kotero opanga ayenera kupewa kapena kukhala okonzeka kuthera nthawi yambiri pa iwo).Abrasive chifukwa ma oxides awa ndi olimba kwambiri kotero kuti burashi yamawaya nthawi zambiri sangawachotse).
Opanga amagwiritsa ntchito mawaya azitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zosapanga dzimbiri chifukwa chowotcherera kunja kwa situ chifukwa dongosolo la slag mu mawayawa limapereka "shelufu" yomwe imathandizira dziwe la weld ngati likulimba.Chifukwa chakuti mawonekedwe a flux amachepetsa zotsatira za CO2, waya wachitsulo wosapanga dzimbiri wopangidwa kuti ugwiritsidwe ntchito ndi 75% CO2% 0x0% ya CO2 / 2W wosakaniza wa CO2 / 2W. waya akhoza mtengo kwambiri pa paundi, ndi Dziwani kuti apamwamba onse udindo kuwotcherera liwiro ndi mafunsidwe mitengo akhoza kuchepetsa wonse kuwotcherera cost.In Komanso, flux-cored waya amagwiritsa ochiritsira ochiritsira voteji DC linanena bungwe, kupanga dongosolo kuwotcherera zofunika zotsika mtengo ndi zochepa zovuta kuposa pulsed GMAW machitidwe.
Pa 300 ndi 400 mndandanda wa aloyi, 100% Ar amakhalabe muyezo kusankha kwa mpweya tungsten arc kuwotcherera (GTAW) .Panthawi ya GTAW ena faifi tambala aloyi, makamaka ndi njira umakaniko, pang'ono wa haidrojeni (mpaka 5%) akhoza kuonjezedwa kuonjezera kuyenda liwiro (zindikirani kuti mosiyana ndi zitsulo carbon, faifi tambala aloyi aloyi si cracking).
Pakuti kuwotcherera superduplex ndi superduplex zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, 98% Ar/2% N2 ndi 98% Ar/3% N2 ndi zisankho zabwino, motero.Helium akhoza kuwonjezeredwa kusintha wettability ndi za 30%.Pamene kuwotcherera wapamwamba duplex kapena super duplex zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, cholinga chake ndi kubala olowa ndi 50% aurricaite olimba pafupifupi 50 % festening ndi microstructure. wa microstructure zimadalira mlingo kuzirala, ndipo chifukwa TIG weld dziwe kuziziritsa mofulumira, ferrite owonjezera amakhalabe pamene 100% Ar agwiritsidwa ntchito.Pamene mpweya osakaniza ndi N2 ntchito, ndi N2 amasonkhezera mu dziwe losungunuka ndi kulimbikitsa austenite mapangidwe.
Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chiyenera kuteteza mbali zonse za mgwirizano kuti apange weld yomalizidwa ndi kukana kwa dzimbiri.Kulephera kuteteza kumbuyo kungayambitse "saccharification," kapena oxidation yambiri yomwe ingayambitse kulephera kwa solder.
Zomangamanga zolimba za matako zomwe zimakhala zolimba kwambiri kapena zotchinga kumbuyo kwa cholumikiziracho sizingafune gasi wothandizira. Apa, vuto lalikulu ndikuletsa kusinthika kwakukulu kwa malo omwe amakhudzidwa ndi kutentha chifukwa cha kupangika kwa oxide, komwe kumafunikira kuchotsedwa kwa makina. renheit ngati pakhomo.Choyenera, chothandiziracho chiyenera kukhala pansi pa 30 PPM O2. Chokhacho ndi ngati kumbuyo kwa weld kudzagwedezeka, pansi ndi kutenthedwa kuti mukwaniritse kulowetsedwa kwathunthu.
Mipweya iwiri yothandizira yosankhidwa ndi N2 (yotsika mtengo kwambiri) ndi Ar (yokwera mtengo kwambiri) .Kwa misonkhano yaying'ono kapena pamene magwero a Ar akupezeka mosavuta, zingakhale zosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya umenewu komanso osayenerera kusungirako kwa N2. Kufikira 5% hydrogen akhoza kuwonjezeredwa kuti achepetse oxidation. Zosankha zosiyanasiyana zamalonda zilipo, koma zothandizira zopanga kunyumba ndi madamu oyeretsa ndizofala.
Kuwonjezera kwa 10.5% kapena kupitirira kwa chromium ndizomwe zimapereka zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri.Kusunga zinthuzi kumafuna njira yabwino posankha mpweya wotchinga wotchinga bwino komanso kuteteza kumbuyo kwa mgwirizano.Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi okwera mtengo, ndipo pali zifukwa zomveka zogwiritsira ntchito. distributor ndi filler zitsulo katswiri posankha mpweya ndi filler zitsulo kuwotcherera zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri.
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