Kusamalira fumbi moyenera kungakhale kovuta kwa masitolo ang'onoang'ono mpaka apakati.Pansipa pali mayankho a mafunso omwe amafunsidwa kawirikawiri ndi oyang'anira masitolo ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati okhudza kayendetsedwe ka mpweya wabwino.Getty Images
Kuwotcherera, kudula kwa plasma, ndi kudula kwa laser kumatulutsa utsi, womwe umatchedwa utsi, womwe umapangidwa ndi tinthu tating'ono tating'ono touma tomwe timapangidwa ndi tinthu tating'ono touma tolimba.
Utsi wokonza ukhoza kukhala ndi lead oxide, iron oxide, nickel, manganese, copper, chromium, cadmium ndi zinc oxide.Njira zina zowotcherera zimatulutsanso mpweya wapoizoni monga nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide ndi ozone.
Kusamalira bwino fumbi ndi utsi pamalo ogwirira ntchito n'kofunika kuti chitetezo cha antchito anu, zipangizo zanu ndi chilengedwe chitetezeke.Njira yabwino kwambiri yogwiritsira ntchito fumbi ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira yosonkhanitsa yomwe imachotsa mpweya, kutulutsa kunja, ndi kubwezeretsa mpweya woyera m'nyumba.
Komabe, kuyang'anira fumbi mogwira mtima kungakhale kovuta kwa masitolo ang'onoang'ono mpaka apakati chifukwa cha mtengo ndi zina zofunika kwambiri.Zina mwazinthuzi zidzayesa kulamulira fumbi ndi utsi paokha, poganiza kuti masitolo awo safuna dongosolo lotolera fumbi.
Kaya mukungoyamba kumene kapena mwakhala mukuchita bizinesi kwa zaka zambiri, mutha kukhala ndi chidwi ndi mayankho a mafunso omwe amafunsidwa kawirikawiri ndi oyang'anira masitolo ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati okhudza kayendetsedwe ka mpweya.
Choyamba, yesetsani kupanga chiopsezo cha thanzi ndi kuchepetsa ndondomeko.Mwachitsanzo, kuunika kwaukhondo wa mafakitale kudzakuthandizani kuzindikira zinthu zovulaza mu fumbi ndikuzindikira milingo yowonekera.Kuwunikaku kuyenera kuphatikizapo kuwunika malo anu kuti muwonetsetse kuti mukukumana ndi Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs) chifukwa cha fumbi lopangidwa ndi ntchito yanu.
Funsani wothandizira zida zanu zochotsera fumbi ngati angakulimbikitseni woyeretsa mafakitale kapena kampani yopanga zachilengedwe yodziwa kuzindikira fumbi ndi utsi wokhudzana ndi zitsulo.
Ngati mukubwezeretsanso mpweya woyera ku malo anu, onetsetsani kuti ikukhala pansi pa malire ogwira ntchito omwe amaikidwa ndi OSHA PEL chifukwa cha zowonongeka.
Pomaliza, pokonza dongosolo lanu lochotsa fumbi, muyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti mwapanga malo ogwirira ntchito otetezedwa molingana ndi ma C atatu a kutulutsa fumbi ndi kuchotsa fume: kugwidwa, kutulutsa, ndi kutulutsa.
Ichi ndi chitsanzo cha makina otolera fumbi a cartridge omwe ali kunja kwa malo owotcherera.Chithunzi: Camfil APC
Dongosolo lotolera fumbi lopangidwira ntchito yanu ndi njira yotsimikizika komanso yotsimikizika yaukadaulo yomwe imagwira, kutulutsa komanso imakhala ndi zowononga mpweya.
Machitidwe ogwiritsira ntchito magwero ndi otchuka m'mapulogalamu okhudzana ndi kuwotcherera kwa tizigawo tating'onoting'ono ndi ma fixtures.Mwachizoloŵezi, amaphatikizapo mfuti zotulutsa fume (nsonga zoyamwitsa), mikono yosinthika yochotsamo, ndi zotchinga za fume hoods kapena zing'onozing'ono zotulutsa utsi zokhala ndi zishango zam'mbali.
Zovala ndi zophimba zojambulajambula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa mamita 12 ndi mamita 20 kapena ocheperako.
Pamene ntchito yanu sagwirizana ndi malingaliro omwe tawafotokozera kale, dongosolo la chilengedwe likhoza kupangidwa kuti lichotse utsi kuchokera kwa ambiri, ngati si malo onse.
Masitolo ambiri ang'onoang'ono ndi apakati amatha kuyankha pokhapokha atayesa kugwiritsa ntchito njira zopulumutsira ndalama za DIY, monga kutsegula zitseko ndi mazenera ndikupanga makina awo otha kutulutsa mpweya, kuti athetse utsi.
Chinthu choyamba chimene muyenera kuchita ndikupeza kumene mavuto omwe amapezeka kwambiri amapezeka mu malo anu.Izi zikhoza kukhala zofukiza za tebulo la plasma, freehand arc gouging, kapena kuwotcherera pa workbench.Kuchokera pamenepo, gwirani ndondomeko yomwe imatulutsa utsi wambiri poyamba.Malingana ndi kuchuluka kwa utsi wopangidwa, dongosolo lonyamula katundu lingakuthandizeni kudutsa.
Njira yabwino yochepetsera kukhudzidwa kwa ogwira ntchito ndi utsi woipa ndikugwira ntchito ndi wosonkhanitsa fumbi wabwino yemwe angakuthandizeni kuzindikira ndi kupanga dongosolo lachidziwitso cha malo anu.
Zosefera zoyambirira zomwe mumasankha pa pulogalamu iliyonse ziyenera kutengera kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono, momwe mayendedwe ake, kuchuluka kwake komanso kugawa. Zosefera zachiwiri zowunikira chitetezo, monga zosefera za HEPA, zimawonjezera mphamvu yojambula tinthu mpaka ma microns 0.3 kapena kupitilira apo (kutengera kuchuluka kwa PM1) ndikuletsa utsi woyipa kuti usatulutsidwe mumlengalenga ngati fyuluta yoyamba yalephera.
Ngati muli ndi kale njira yoyendetsera utsi, yang'anirani mosamala sitolo yanu kuti muwone ngati ikugwira ntchito bwino.Zizindikiro zina zochenjeza ndi izi:
Samalani ndi mitambo ya utsi yomwe imakhuthala ndikulendewera mumlengalenga tsiku lonse mutatha kuwotcherera.
Kuwongolera koyenera kwa fumbi ndi utsi ndikofunikira kwambiri pachitetezo cha antchito anu, zida ndi malo ochitira msonkhano.
Pomaliza, ndikofunikira nthawi zonse kumvetsera, kuyang'ana, ndi kufunsa antchito anu. Iwo akhoza kukudziwitsani ngati maulamuliro anu a uinjiniya akuwongolera bwino fumbi pamalo anu ndikuwonetsa madera oyenera kusintha.
Malamulo a OSHA kwa malonda ang'onoang'ono angakhale ovuta, makamaka podziwa kuti ndi malamulo ati omwe muyenera kuwatsatira komanso omwe simukuloledwa.Nthawi zambiri, masitolo ang'onoang'ono amaganiza kuti akhoza kuwuluka pansi pa radar ya malamulo a OSHA-mpaka wogwira ntchito akudandaula.Tiyeni tikhale omveka bwino: Kunyalanyaza malamulo sikuchotsa zoopsa za thanzi la ogwira ntchito.
Malinga ndi Gawo 5 (a) (1) la OSHA's General Responsibility Provisions, olemba ntchito ayenera kuzindikira ndi kuchepetsa zoopsa za kuntchito. Izi zikutanthauza kuti olemba ntchito ayenera kusunga zolemba zozindikiritsa zoopsa zonse (fumbi) zomwe zimapangidwira m'malo awo.
OSHA imayikanso malire a PEL kuti awonongeke ndi mpweya wochokera ku kuwotcherera ndi zitsulo.Ma PEL awa amachokera ku nthawi ya maola a 8 olemera pafupifupi mazana a fumbi, kuphatikizapo zomwe zili muzitsulo zowotcherera ndi zitsulo zomwe zalembedwa mu Annotated PEL table.
Monga tanenera, utsi ukhoza kukhumudwitsa maso ndi khungu.Komabe, muyeneranso kudziwa za poizoni wambiri.
Particulate matter (PM) yokhala ndi mainchesi a 10 kapena kuchepera (≤ PM10) imatha kufikira njira yopumira, pomwe tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta 2.5 kapena zochepa (≤ PM2.5) titha kulowa mkati mwa mapapo.
Kukumana pafupipafupi ndi PM kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha matenda a kupuma, kuphatikiza khansa ya m'mapapo. Tinthu tambiri tomwe timawotcherera ndi zitsulo timagwera mkati mwangozi iyi, ndipo mawonekedwe ndi kuopsa kwa ngoziyo zimasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wazinthu zomwe zikukonzedwa. Kaya mumagwiritsa ntchito chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, chitsulo chofewa, aluminiyamu, malata, kapena zida zina, zidziwitso zachitetezo chazinthu zodziwikiratu ndizodziwikiratu.
Manganese ndiye chitsulo chachikulu mu waya wowotcherera ndipo angayambitse mutu, kutopa, kusasamala komanso kufooka.
Kuwonetsedwa ndi hexavalent chromium (hexavalent chromium), carcinogen yomwe imapangidwa powotcherera zitsulo zomwe zili ndi chromium, zimatha kuyambitsa matenda am'mwamba akanthawi kochepa komanso kuyabwa kwamaso kapena khungu.
Zinc oxide yochokera ku chitsulo choyaka moto imatha kuyambitsa kutentha kwachitsulo, matenda osakhalitsa omwe amakhala ndi zizindikiro zonga chimfine akachoka kuntchito, monga Loweruka ndi Lamlungu kapena pambuyo pa tchuthi.
Ngati muli ndi kale njira yoyendetsera utsi, yang'anirani sitolo yanu mosamala kuti muwone zinthu zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti sizikuyenda bwino, monga mitambo yautsi yomwe imatuluka tsiku lonse.
Zizindikiro za kukhalapo kwa beryllium zingaphatikizepo kupuma pang'ono, chifuwa, kutopa, kuchepa thupi, kutentha thupi, ndi kutuluka thukuta usiku.
Mu ntchito kuwotcherera ndi matenthedwe kudula ntchito, wopangidwa bwino ndi kusamalidwa fumbi m'zigawo dongosolo amapewa mavuto kupuma kwa ogwira ntchito ndipo amasunga malo mogwirizana ndi panopa mpweya amafuna.
Inde. Mpweya wodzaza ndi utsi ukhoza kuphimba makina otenthetsera kutentha ndi kuzizira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti machitidwe a HVAC azifuna kukonza nthawi zambiri. Utsi wowotcherera ukhoza kulowa muzitsulo zamtundu wa HVAC, kuchititsa kuti makina otenthetsera alephereke ndikutseka ma coil condensing air conditioning. Ntchito yopitirizabe ya dongosolo la HVAC ikhoza kukhala yodula, koma dongosolo losagwira bwino ntchito lingapangitse zinthu zoopsa kwa ogwira ntchito.
Lamulo losavuta koma lofunika lachitetezo ndikulowetsa fyuluta yafumbi isanakhale yochulukira.Bwezeraninso fyulutayo ngati muwona zina mwa izi:
Zosefera zina za cartridge zautali zimatha kuyenda kwa zaka ziwiri kapena kuposerapo pakati pa zosintha.
Kusankha zosefera zolowa m'malo za chojambulira makatiriji anu kumatha kukhudza kwambiri mtengo ndi magwiridwe antchito a system. Samalani pogula zosefera zolowa m'malo za chotolera makatiriji anu - sizosefera zonse zomwe zili zofanana.
Nthawi zambiri, ogula amakhala ndi mtengo wabwino kwambiri.Komabe, mtengo wa mndandanda siwowongolera bwino kugula fyuluta ya katiriji.
Ponseponse, kukutetezani inu ndi antchito anu ndi dongosolo lotolera fumbi loyenera kudzakuthandizani kwambiri kuti bizinesi yanu yaying'ono kapena yapakatikati ikhale bwino.
WELDER, yemwe kale ankatchedwa Practical Welding Today, akusonyeza anthu enieni amene amapanga zinthu zimene timagwiritsa ntchito komanso ntchito tsiku lililonse. Magaziniyi yakhala ikuthandiza anthu ku North America kwa zaka 20.
Tsopano ndi mwayi wofikira ku mtundu wa digito wa The FABRICATOR, mwayi wosavuta kuzinthu zamakampani.
Magazini ya digito ya The Tube & Pipe Journal tsopano ikupezeka bwino, ikupereka mwayi wosavuta kuzinthu zofunikira zamakampani.
Sangalalani ndi mwayi wofikira ku STAMPING Journal ya digito, yomwe imapereka kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo kwaposachedwa, machitidwe abwino kwambiri komanso nkhani zamakampani pamsika wopondaponda zitsulo.
Tsopano ndi mwayi wofikira ku mtundu wa digito wa The Fabricator en Español, mwayi wosavuta kuzinthu zamakampani zamtengo wapatali.