Masomphenya a Anish Kapoor pa chosema cha Cloud Gate ku Chicago's Millennium Park ndi chakuti chikufanana ndi madzi a Mercury, kuwonetsetsa mosasunthika mzinda wozungulira.
"Chimene ndinkafuna kuchita ku Millennium Park chinali kupanga chinachake chomwe chingagwirizane ndi mlengalenga wa Chicago ... kuti anthu aziwona mitambo ikuyandama mmenemo ndi nyumba zazitali kwambiri zomwe zikuwonekera pa ntchitoyi.Ndiyeno, Chifukwa cha kawonekedwe kake pakhomo, wotengamo mbali, omvetsera, adzakhoza kuloŵa m’chipinda chakuya kwambiri chimenechi, m’njira imene imachitira chinthu chofanana ndi chisonyezero cha munthu monga mmene kunja kwa ntchitoyo kumachitira ku chithunzithunzi cha zinthu za mzindawo.”- wojambula wotchuka wa ku Britain wotchedwa Anish Kapoor, wojambula zithunzi wa Cloud Gate
Kuyang'ana pamalo odekha a chosemedwa chachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chosapanga dzimbiri chimenechi, n'zovuta kulingalira kuchuluka kwa chitsulo ndi kulimba mtima komwe kuli pansi pake. Cloud Gate imabisa nkhani za anthu oposa 100 opanga zitsulo, ocheka, owotcherera, odulira, mainjiniya, amisiri, osula zitsulo, oika zinthu, ndi mameneja—pazaka zonse zisanu.
Ambiri anali kugwira ntchito yowonjezereka, akugwira ntchito yochitira misonkhano pakati pa usiku, kumanga msasa pamalopo, ndikugwira ntchito mu kutentha kwa 110-degree mu suti zonse za Tyvek® ndi zopumira za theka la mask.Ena amagwira ntchito motsutsa mphamvu yokoka, akulendewera pamipando yapampando pamene akugwira zida ndikugwira ntchito pamtunda wotsetsereka.Chilichonse chimapangitsa kuti zosatheka.
Kulimbikitsa osema a Anish Kapoor a mitambo yoyandama ya matani 110, 66-utali, 33-foot-waatali zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri inali ntchito yopanga kampani yopanga Performance Structures Inc. (PSI), Oakland, CA, ndi MTH, Villa Park, IL20 yakale ya IL20. ural metal ndi glass structural design contractors ku Chicago.
Zofunikira pakukwaniritsa ntchitoyi zidzakhudza luso laukadaulo, luso, luso lamakina ndi luso lopanga zamakampani onsewa. Amakonda ngakhale kupanga zida za polojekitiyi.
Zina mwazovuta za polojekitiyi zimachokera ku mawonekedwe ake okhotakhota modabwitsa - kadontho kapena kamimba kakang'ono - ndipo ena kuchokera kukula kwake. Zithunzizi zinamangidwa ndi makampani awiri osiyana m'madera osiyanasiyana pamtunda wa makilomita zikwi zambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta ndi kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka ntchito ndi ntchito. , palibe njira.
Ethan Silva wa PSI ali ndi chidziwitso chochuluka pakupanga zipolopolo, poyamba pa zombo ndipo kenako muzojambula zina, oyenerera ntchito yapadera yomanga zipolopolo.Anish Kapoor anapempha omaliza maphunziro a physics ndi luso kuti apereke chitsanzo chaching'ono.
"Chotero ndinapanga chitsanzo cha mamita 2 x 3, chidutswa chopukutidwa chosalala kwambiri, ndipo anati, 'O, mwachita, ndiwe nokha amene munachita,' chifukwa wakhala akuyang'ana kwa zaka ziwiri kuti Pezani wina woti achite," adatero Silva.
Dongosolo lapachiyambi linali la PSI kuti lipange mokwanira ndi kumanga chosema, ndiyeno kutumiza chidutswa chonse kum'mwera kwa Pacific Ocean, kudutsa Panama Canal, kumpoto m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Atlantic Ocean, ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya St. Lawrence ku doko pa Nyanja ya Michigan, malinga ndi Edward Uhlir, mtsogoleri wamkulu wa Millennium Park Inc. Malinga ndi mawuwa, ndondomeko yopangidwa mwapadera yopangidwa ndi ma conveyor . mapanelo okhotakhota adayenera kulumikizidwa kuti ayendetse ndi kukwera galimoto kupita ku Chicago, komwe MTH ingasonkhanitse gawolo ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba, ndikulumikiza mapanelo ku superstructure.
Kumaliza ndi kupukuta ma welds a Chipata cha Mtambo kuti awoneke mosasunthika chinali chimodzi mwazinthu zovuta kwambiri pakuyika munda ndi ntchito ya msonkhano. Njira ya 12-step imathera ndi rouge yowala yofanana ndi polishi ya jeweler.
"Chifukwa chake tidagwira ntchito imeneyi kwa zaka pafupifupi zitatu, kupanga magawowa," adatero Silva." Ndi ntchito yovuta.Nthawi yochuluka imathera poganizira momwe angachitire ndikukonza tsatanetsatane;inu mukudziwa, kumangokwaniritsa izo.Momwe timagwiritsira ntchito luso lamakono la makompyuta ndi zitsulo zamakono zamakono ndikuphatikizana ndi luso lazamlengalenga. "
Ndizovuta kupanga chinthu chachikulu kwambiri komanso cholemetsa molunjika, adatero.Zamba zazikuluzikuluzikulu zinali pafupifupi mamita 7 m'lifupi ndi 11 m'litali ndipo zinkalemera mapaundi 1,500.
"Kuchita ntchito zonse za CAD ndikupanga zojambula zenizeni za sitolo za ntchitoyi ndi ntchito yaikulu yokha," akutero Silva.
"Tinapanga makompyuta ndikuzigawa," adatero Silva.
Ma mbale ena ndi a square, ena ndi mawonekedwe a pie.Pafupipafupi ndi kusintha kotsetsereka, zimakhala zooneka ngati pie, ndipo zimakhala zazikulu kwambiri.
Plasma imadula chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha 1/4- mpaka 3/8-inch-thick 316L, chomwe chili cholimba chokha chokha, Silva akuti.Izi zimachitika popanga ndi kupanga chimango cha nthiti pa slab iliyonse molondola kwambiri.Mwanjira imeneyi titha kutanthauzira bwino lomwe mawonekedwe a silabu iliyonse. ”
Ma board amakulungidwa pama roller a 3D omwe PSI adawapanga ndikupangira makamaka kuti azigudubuza matabwawa (onani Chithunzi 1)."Ndi msuweni kwa odzigudubuza aku Britain.Timawagudubuza pogwiritsa ntchito njira yofanana ndi momwe ma fenders amapangidwira, "adatero Silva. Pindani gulu lirilonse poyendetsa mmbuyo ndi mtsogolo pa odzigudubuza, kusintha kupanikizika kwa odzigudubuza mpaka mapepala ali mkati mwa 0,01 mainchesi a kukula kofunikira. Kulondola kwakukulu kumafunika kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kupanga mapepala bwino, adatero.
Wowotcherayo ndiye amasoketsa nthiti zamkati mkati mwa nthiti. "Malingaliro anga, flux cored ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yopangira ma welds muzitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri," akufotokoza Silva.
Maonekedwe onse a matabwa amapangidwa ndi manja ndi makina opangidwa ndi makina kuti achepetse kulondola kwa chikwi chimodzi cha inchi kuti zonse zigwirizane (onani Chithunzi 2) .Yang'anani miyeso ndi zipangizo zoyezera bwino komanso zowunikira laser.
Pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a mapanelo, pamodzi ndi maziko ndi mapangidwe amkati, adakhazikitsidwa pamsonkhano woweruza milandu isanatumizidwe kuchokera ku Auckland (onani Zithunzi 3 ndi 4) .Anakonza ndondomeko yozungulira ndi kupanga kuwotcherera kwa msoko pa matabwa ang'onoang'ono kuti agwirizane nawo.
Kutentha, nthawi ndi kugwedezeka kwa galimoto kungapangitse pepala lopukutidwa kuti lisungunuke.Kudula nthiti sikungopangidwira kuonjezera kuuma kwa bolodi, komanso kusunga mawonekedwe a bolodi panthawi yoyendetsa.
Chifukwa chake, ndi ma mesh owonjezera mkati, mbaleyo imatenthedwa ndikutenthedwa kuti ichepetse kupsinjika kwazinthu.
Zotengerazo zidakwezedwa muzinthu zomwe zidatha, pafupifupi zinayi panthawi imodzi, ndikutumizidwa ku Chicago ndi ogwira ntchito ku PSI kuti akayikidwe ndi a MTH crews. Mmodzi ndi munthu woyendetsa mayendedwe, ndipo winayo ndi woyang'anira dera laukadaulo. Amagwira ntchito ndi ogwira ntchito ku MTH tsiku lililonse ndipo amathandizira kupanga umisiri watsopano ngati pakufunika. "
Lyle Hill, pulezidenti wa MTH, anati MTH Industries poyamba anali ndi ntchito yoteteza chosema cha ethereal pansi ndi kukhazikitsa superstructure, ndiye kuwotcherera mapepala ndi kupereka mchenga womaliza ndi kupukuta, mwachilolezo cha PSI Technical malangizo.Kutha kwa chosema kumatanthauza kulinganiza pakati pa luso ndi zochitika;chiphunzitso ndi zenizeni;nthawi ndi nthawi yofunikira.
Lou Cerny, wachiwiri kwa pulezidenti wa zomangamanga ndi woyang’anira ntchito wa MTH, anati chimene chimamusangalatsa pa ntchitoyi ndi yapaderadera.” Monga tikudziwira, pali zinthu zimene zikuchitika pa ntchitoyi zomwe sizinachitikepo, kapena sizinaganizidwepo,” adatero Cerny.
Koma kugwira ntchito yoyamba kumafuna luso lotha kusintha pa malo kuti mukwaniritse zovuta zosayembekezereka ndikuyankha mafunso omwe amadza pamene ntchito ikupita:
Kodi mungagwirizane bwanji ndi zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri 128 zokhala ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chokhazikika pamene mukugwira ntchito ndi magolovesi a ana? Kodi mumawotcherera bwanji nyemba zazikulu zooneka ngati arc popanda kudalira? Kodi mungalowetse bwanji chowotcherera popanda kuwotcherera kuchokera mkati?
Chizindikiro choyamba chosonyeza kuti ntchitoyi idzakhala yovuta kwambiri, Cerny anati, inali pamene ntchito yomanga ndi kuyika zidayamba pazida zolemera mapaundi 30,000. Chitsulo chomwe chimachirikiza chosemacho.
Ngakhale kuti zitsulo zolemera za zinki zomwe zinaperekedwa ndi PSI kuti asonkhanitse maziko a substructure zinali zosavuta kupanga, malo opangira malowa anali theka la malo odyera ndi theka la malo osungiramo magalimoto, aliyense pamtunda wosiyana.
Cerny anati: "Kotero kuti gawoli ndi la cantilevered komanso lopanda pake." Kumene timayika zitsulo zambiri, kuphatikizapo kumayambiriro kwa ntchito ya mbale, tinkafunika kuti crane iyendetse mu dzenje la 5. "
Cerny adanena kuti adagwiritsa ntchito makina opangira zida zapamwamba kwambiri, kuphatikizapo makina opangira makina, omwe amafanana ndi mtundu wa zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamigodi ya malasha, ndi anangula ena a mankhwala.
"Tinayamba kukhazikitsa dongosolo la truss pogwiritsa ntchito mphete ziwiri zazikulu zopangidwa ndi 304 zosapanga dzimbiri zosapanga dzimbiri za O-rings-imodzi kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa kapangidwe kake ndi kumwera chakumwera," akutero Cerny (onani Chithunzi 3) mphetezo zimagwiridwa pamodzi ndi criss-crossing tube trusses.Chingwe cha mphete-core chimamangidwa m'magawo ndi bolted timagwiritsira ntchito GMAWld ndi situ.
“Chotero pali chomanga chachikulu chomwe palibe amene adachiwonapo;ndizongopanga zomangira," adatero Cerny.
Ngakhale kuyesetsa kwabwino kupanga, kupanga, kupanga ndi kukhazikitsa zida zonse zofunika pa projekiti ya Auckland, chosemachi sichinachitikepo ndipo kuswa njira zatsopano nthawi zonse kumabwera ndi ma burrs ndi zokopa. Momwemonso, kuphatikiza lingaliro lopanga la kampani imodzi ndi lina sikophweka ngati kudutsa ndodo.
"Ngakhale njira zolumikizirana ndi kuwotcherera zidakonzedweratu ku Oakland, malo enieniwo amafunikira nzeru kuchokera kwa aliyense," adatero Silva.
M'miyezi ingapo yoyambirira, machitidwe a tsiku ndi tsiku a MTH anali kudziwa zomwe ntchito ya tsikulo imafunika komanso momwe angapangire zina mwazinthu zopangira gawoli, komanso ma struts, "shock absorbers," mikono, zikhomo, ndi zikhomo.Ndodo za pogo zimafunika kuti pakhale njira yosakhalitsa, adatero Er.
"Ndi ntchito yopitilira kupanga ndi kupanga pa ntchentche kuti zinthu ziziyenda ndikuzifikitsa pamalowo mwachangu.Timathera nthawi yambiri tikusankha zomwe tili nazo, kukonzanso ndi kukonzanso nthawi zina, ndi kupanga magawo ofunikira.
"Zowonadi, tikhala ndi zinthu 10 Lachiwiri zomwe tiyenera kupereka Lachitatu," adatero Hill.
"Pafupifupi 75 peresenti ya zida zoyimitsidwa za board zidapangidwa kapena kusinthidwa m'munda," adatero Cerny. "Nthawi zina tinkapanga tsiku la maola 24.Ndinkakhala m’sitolo mpaka 2, 3am, ndipo ndinkapita kunyumba 5:30am kuti ndikasambe n’kupita kukatenga zosakaniza, zidakali zonyowa .”
Dongosolo loyimitsidwa kwakanthawi la MTH la kusonkhanitsa nyumbayo limapangidwa ndi akasupe, ma struts ndi zingwe. Zolumikizana zonse pakati pa mbale zimalumikizidwa kwakanthawi. "Choncho dongosolo lonselo limalumikizidwa ndi makina, kuyimitsidwa kuchokera mkati, ndi ma trusses a 304, "adatero Cerny.
Amayamba ndi dome m'munsi mwa chosema cha omhalus - "mchombo wa mimba" .Dome inaimitsidwa kuchokera ku trusses pogwiritsa ntchito njira yanthawi yochepa ya kuyimitsidwa kwa masika yomwe imakhala ndi zopachika, zingwe ndi akasupe.Cerny adati kasupe amapereka "perekani ndi kutenga" monga matabwa ambiri akuwonjezeredwa.
Iliyonse mwa matabwa a 168 ili ndi njira yakeyake yothandizira masika anayi kotero imathandizidwa payekhapayekha ikakhazikika.
Monga umboni wa kulondola kwa ntchito ya PSI, msonkhanowu ndi wabwino kwambiri wokhala ndi mipata yochepa. "PSI yachita ntchito yabwino kwambiri yopanga mapanelo," akutero Cerny.Kujambula ndikwabwino kwambiri, zomwe ndi zabwino kwa ine.Tikuyankhula, kwenikweni zikwi zikwi za inchi.Ma mbale awa amayikidwa Pali chotsekeka m'mphepete."
"Akamaliza msonkhano, anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti zachitika," Silva anati, osati chifukwa seams ndi zothina, komanso chifukwa mbali zonse anasonkhana, ndi mbale awo opukutidwa kwambiri galasi-kumaliza mbale, abwera mu sewero kusonyeza mozungulira.
Kumalizidwa kwa Cloud Gate kudayimitsidwa pakutsegulidwa kwakukulu kwa pakiyo kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2004, kotero omhalus anali GTAW yamoyo, ndipo izi zidapitilira kwa miyezi ingapo.
"Mutha kuwona ting'onoting'ono tabulauni, tolumikizana ndi TIG kuzungulira nyumba yonse," adatero Cerny.
"Vuto lalikulu lotsatira lopanga polojekitiyi linali kuwotcherera msoko popanda kutaya mawonekedwe ake chifukwa cha kuwotcherera shrinkage deformation," adatero Silva.
Kuwotcherera kwa plasma kumapereka mphamvu yofunikira ndi kuuma ndi chiopsezo chochepa kwa bolodi, Cerny adati.Kusakaniza kwa 98% argon / 2% helium kumagwira ntchito bwino pochepetsa kusokoneza ndi kupititsa patsogolo kusakanikirana.
Owotcherera amagwiritsa ntchito njira zowotcherera ma keyhole plasma pogwiritsa ntchito magwero amphamvu a Thermal Arc® ndi mathirakitala apadera ndi ma tochi opangidwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi PSI.