Monga kupanikizika kwa msika kumakakamiza opanga machubu kuti apeze njira zowonjezera zokolola pamene akutsatira miyezo yapamwamba kwambiri, kusankha njira yabwino yoyendera ndi njira yothandizira ndizofunikira kwambiri kuposa kale lonse.Ngakhale kuti opanga machubu ambiri amadalira kuyang'anitsitsa komaliza, nthawi zambiri opanga amagwiritsa ntchito kuyesa kumtunda kwa mtsinje popanga kuti azindikire zipangizo zolakwika kapena njira zoyamba msanga. kuwonjezera makina oyesera osawononga (NDT) ku fakitale kumapangitsa kuti pakhale chuma chabwino.
Zinthu zambiri-mtundu wa zinthu, m'mimba mwake, makulidwe a khoma, liwiro la ndondomeko ndi njira yowotcherera kapena kupanga chubu-zimapanga mayeso abwino kwambiri.Zinthuzi zimakhudzanso kusankha kwa zinthu mu njira yoyendera yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Eddy Current Testing (ET) imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mapaipi ambiri.Iyi ndi mayeso otsika mtengo ndipo ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pamipope yopyapyala yapakhoma, nthawi zambiri mpaka 0.250 inchi makulidwe a khoma.Ndi yoyenera pazinthu zamaginito komanso zopanda maginito.
Masensa kapena ma koyilo oyesera amagwera m'magulu awiri: wraparound ndi tangential.Zozungulira zozungulira zimayang'ana gawo lonse la chubu, pomwe ma tangential amayang'ana malo okokedwa okha.
Zozungulira-zozungulira zimayang'ana zolakwika mu mzere wonse wolowera, osati zone yowotcherera, ndipo zimakhala zogwira mtima kwambiri poyesa kukula kwake kochepa kuposa mainchesi 2 m'mimba mwake. Amakhalanso olekerera pad drift. Choyipa chachikulu ndi chakuti kudutsa mzere wolowera kudzera mu mphero kumafuna masitepe owonjezera komanso chisamaliro chowonjezera kuti tidutse pa chubu, ngati titalephera kuyesa chubu. kutsegula, kuwononga koyilo yoyesera.
Ma koyilo a Tangent amawunika kagawo kakang'ono ka circumference ya chubu. Pazogwiritsa ntchito m'mimba mwake, kugwiritsa ntchito ma koyilo opindika m'malo mozungulira kumapereka chiwongolero chabwinoko champhamvu (muyezo wa mphamvu ya chizindikiro choyezera kuyerekeza ndi chizindikiro chokhazikika chakumbuyo).Makoyilo a Tangent nawonso safuna ulusi ndipo ndi osavuta kuwongolera kunja kwa chitoliro chomwe chikuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. kwa miyeso yaying'ono ngati malo a weld amayendetsedwa bwino.
Mtundu uliwonse wa coil ukhoza kuyesa discontinuities.Kuyesa kwachilema, komwe kumadziwikanso kuti kuyesa kopanda kanthu kapena kusagwirizana, kumafananiza weld mosalekeza ndi gawo loyandikana ndi chitsulo choyambira ndipo chimakhudzidwa ndi kusintha kwakung'ono komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha discontinuities.Ideal pozindikira zolakwika zazifupi monga pinholes kapena kulumphira welds, njira yoyamba yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakina ambiri ogubuduza.
Chiyeso chachiwiri, njira yeniyeni, inapeza zolakwika za verbose.Mawonekedwe ophwekawa a ET amafuna kuti wogwiritsa ntchito pakompyuta azilinganiza dongosolo pa zinthu zabwino.Kuphatikiza pakupeza kusintha kwakukulu, kosalekeza, kumawonanso kusintha kwa makulidwe a khoma.
Kugwiritsa ntchito njira ziwirizi za ET siziyenera kukhala zovuta kwambiri.Ngati chidacho chili ndi zida, chingagwiritsidwe ntchito nthawi imodzi ndi koyilo imodzi yoyesera.
Potsirizira pake, malo enieni a tester ndi ofunika kwambiri.Makhalidwe monga kutentha kozungulira ndi kugwedezeka kwa mphero (kutumizidwa ku chubu) kungakhudze malo.Kuyika koyilo yoyezetsa pafupi ndi bokosi la solder kumapatsa woyendetsa zambiri za ndondomeko ya soldering.komabe, pali mwayi wochuluka wa zolakwika zabodza chifukwa malowa amabweretsa sensa pafupi ndi dongosolo lodulidwa, komwe kumakhala kosavuta kuzindikira Kugwedezeka panthawi yocheka kapena kumeta.
Kuyesa kwa Ultrasonic (UT) kumagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi zamagetsi ndikuzisintha kukhala mphamvu zomveka zomveka.Kuwongolera kwa sensa kumatsimikizira ngati dongosololi likuyang'ana zolakwika kapena kuyeza makulidwe a khoma.Seti ya transducers ikhoza kupanga ndondomeko ya weld zone.Njira ya UT sichimachepa ndi makulidwe a khoma la chubu.
Kuti agwiritse ntchito njira ya UT ngati chida choyezera, wogwiritsa ntchitoyo ayenera kuwongolera transducer kuti ikhale yozungulira ku chubu. 0.001 inchi.
Kuti muwone zolakwika zakuthupi, wogwiritsa ntchitoyo amaika transducer pa oblique angle.Mafunde a phokoso amalowa kuchokera ku OD, amapita ku ID, amabwereranso ku OD, ndikuyenda pakhoma mwanjira imeneyo.imatenga njira yofanana yobwerera ku sensa, yomwe imabwereranso ku mphamvu yamagetsi ndikupanga chiwonetsero chowonetseratu chomwe chimasonyeza malo a chilema.Chizindikirocho chimadutsanso pachipata cha chilema, chomwe chimayambitsa alamu kuti adziwitse wogwiritsa ntchito kapena kuyambitsa dongosolo la utoto lomwe limasonyeza malo omwe ali ndi vuto.
Machitidwe a UT angagwiritse ntchito transducer imodzi (kapena ma transducers angapo a kristalo) kapena ma transducers ophatikizika.
Traditional UTs amagwiritsa ntchito imodzi kapena zingapo za crystal transducers.Chiwerengero cha masensa chimadalira kutalika kwa chilema chomwe chikuyembekezeka, liwiro la mzere ndi zofunikira zina zoyesera.
Phased array UTs amagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zambiri za transducer mu body.The control system electronic control mafundes sound without repositioning the transducer elements to scan the weld area.The dongosolo lingathe kuchita zinthu zosiyanasiyana, monga kuzindikira zolakwika, kuyeza khoma makulidwe, ndi kuyang'anira kusintha kwa weld zone cleaning.These kuyendera ndi kuyeza modes akhoza kuchitidwa panthawi imodzi-momwe tingagwiritsire ntchito mbali imodzi, Ikhoza kuchitidwa nthawi imodzi ndi gawo limodzi. lding drift chifukwa gululo limatha kuphimba malo okulirapo kuposa masensa achikhalidwe okhazikika.
Njira yachitatu ya NDT, Magnetic Leakage (MFL), imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'ana mapaipi akulu akulu, okhala ndi mipanda, maginito.
MFLs amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yamagetsi ya DC yomwe imadutsa mu chubu kapena chubu khoma. Mphamvu ya maginito imayandikira kudzaza kwathunthu, kapena pamene kuwonjezeka kulikonse kwa mphamvu ya magnetizing sikuchititsa kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa mphamvu ya maginito.
Kufufuza kophweka kwa mabala opangidwa ndi waya kumadutsa pamtunda wa maginito kumatha kuzindikira ming'oma yoteroyo.Monga momwe zimakhalira ndi ntchito zina zopangira maginito, dongosololi limafuna kusuntha kwachibale pakati pa zinthu zomwe zikuyesedwa ndi kafukufuku.
Chigawo cha MFL chozungulira chimatha kuzindikira zolakwika zautali kapena zopingasa.Kusiyana kuli mumayendedwe a mapangidwe a magnetizing ndi mapangidwe a probe.Pazochitika zonsezi, fyuluta ya chizindikiro imagwira ntchito yozindikira zolakwika ndikusiyanitsa pakati pa ID ndi malo a OD.
MFL ndi yofanana ndi ET ndipo ziwirizi zimathandizirana.ET ndizoyenera kuzinthu zokhala ndi makulidwe osakwana 0.250 inchi, pomwe MFL imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zokhala ndi makulidwe akulu kuposa izi.
Ubwino umodzi wa MFL pa UT ndi kuthekera kwake kuzindikira zolakwika zochepa kuposa zabwino.Mwachitsanzo, MFL imatha kuzindikira zolakwika za helical.Zowonongeka m'njira zoterezi zimatha kuzindikirika ndi UT, koma zimafuna zoikamo zapadera pangodya yomwe ikuyembekezeka.
Mukufuna kudziwa zambiri pamutuwu?Bungwe la opanga ndi opanga zinthu (FMA) lili ndi zambiri.Olemba Phil Meinczinger ndi William Hoffmann apereka tsiku lonse lachidziwitso ndi chitsogozo pa mfundo, zosankha za zida, kukhazikitsa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito njirazi.Msonkhanowu udachitika pa Novembara 10 ku likulu la FMA ku Elgin, Illinois kwa olembetsa olembetsa ndi opezekapo.
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