Chidziwitso cha Mkonzi: Pharmaceutical Online ndiwokonzeka kupereka nkhani ya magawo anayi iyi yokhudzana ndi kuwotcherera kwa orbital kwa bioprocess piping ndi katswiri wamakampani Barbara Henon wa Arc Machines.
Pewani kuwonongeka kwa dzimbiri. Madzi oyeretsedwa kwambiri monga DI kapena WFI ndi owopsa kwambiri pazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri. Kuwonjezera apo, WFI yamagulu a mankhwala amayendetsedwa pa kutentha kwambiri (80 ° C) kuti asunge sterility. ndi dzimbiri zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri mapaipi dongosolo components.Zidothi ndi oxides chitsulo akhoza kukhala zigawo zikuluzikulu, koma mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chitsulo, chromium ndi faifi tambala angakhalepo.Kupezeka kwa rouge ndi wakupha kwa mankhwala ena ndipo kukhalapo kwake kungayambitse dzimbiri, ngakhale kuti kupezeka kwake mu machitidwe ena kumawoneka kuti ndi abwino.
Kuwotcherera kumatha kuwononga kukana kwa dzimbiri. Kutentha kwamtundu kumachitika chifukwa cha oxidizing zinthu zomwe zimayikidwa pa welds ndi HAZs panthawi yowotcherera, zimawononga kwambiri, ndipo zimalumikizidwa ndi mapangidwe a rouge mumayendedwe amadzi amankhwala. Mapangidwe a Chromium okusayidi amatha kuyambitsa kutentha, kusiya chromium-susrosion layer, kuchotsedwa kwamtundu wa chromium ndi kuchotsedwa. kuchotsa zitsulo pamwamba, kuphatikizapo m'munsi chromium-zinatha wosanjikiza, ndi kubwezeretsa kukana dzimbiri kwa milingo pafupi ndi m'munsi zitsulo milingo. mpweya, chromium, chitsulo, faifi tambala ndi manganese zomwe zinachitika mu weld ndi kutentha anakhudzidwa zone kwa pre-weld state.Komabe, passivation amangokhudza pamwamba wosanjikiza ndi samalowa m'munsimu 50 angstroms, pamene matenthedwe mitundu akhoza kuwonjezera 1000 angstroms kapena kuposa pansi pamwamba.
Chifukwa chake, kuti muyike mapaipi osagwirizana ndi dzimbiri pafupi ndi magawo opanda welded, ndikofunikira kuyesa kuchepetsa kuwotcherera ndi kuwonongeka kopangidwa ndi nsalu kumlingo womwe ungathe kubwezeretsedwanso ndi passivation. kupewa kutaya kukana kwa dzimbiri.Kulamulira njira yopangira kupanga kuti ikwaniritse zowotcherera zobwerezabwereza komanso zosagwirizana, komanso kusamalira mosamala mapaipi azitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ndi zigawo zake panthawi yopanga kuti zipewe kuipitsidwa, ndizofunikira kwambiri pakupanga mapaipi apamwamba kwambiri omwe amakana dzimbiri ndipo amapereka ntchito yopindulitsa kwa nthawi yayitali.
Zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mapaipi achitsulo osapanga dzimbiri a biopharmaceutical zakhala zikusintha kwambiri pakukana dzimbiri m'zaka khumi zapitazi. Zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zomwe zidagwiritsidwa ntchito zisanachitike 1980 zinali zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri 304 chifukwa zinali zotsika mtengo komanso kuwongolera mkuwa womwe udagwiritsidwa ntchito kale. Ndipotu, makina 300 osasunthika amatha kutayika mosavuta ndi makina osapanga dzimbiri osasunthika. , ndipo safuna chithandizo chapadera cha preheat ndi post kutentha.
Posachedwapa, kugwiritsa ntchito zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri 316 pazitsulo zoyera kwambiri zakhala zikuwonjezeka.Mtundu wa 316 ndi wofanana muzolemba za Type 304, koma kuwonjezera pa chromium ndi nickel alloying zinthu zomwe zimafala kwa onse awiri, 316 ili ndi pafupifupi 2% molybdenum, yomwe imasintha kwambiri 31330 316L ndi 3LL kukana "6L" ndi 316LL. magiredi, ali ndi mpweya wochepa wa carbon kusiyana ndi magiredi ovomerezeka (0.035% vs. 0.08%).Kuchepetsa kwa carbon carbon kumatanthawuza kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mpweya wa carbide umene ukhoza kuchitika chifukwa cha kuwotcherera.Uku ndiko kupanga chromium carbide, yomwe imachepetsa malire a tirigu a chromium base metal, ndikupangitsa kuti susceptible. tawonetsa kuti kuwotcherera kwa orbital kwa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha austenitic AL-6XN kumapereka ma welds osagwirizana ndi dzimbiri kuposa ma weld ofanana omwe amachitidwa ndi manja. Izi ndichifukwa choti kuwotcherera kwa orbital kumapereka kuwongolera bwino kwa amperage, pulsation ndi nthawi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kutsika komanso kuchulukira muzitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zosapanga dzimbiri (AL-6XN). amachotsa mpweya wa carbide monga chinthu chomwe chimapangitsa kuti pakhale dzimbiri mu machitidwe a mapaipi.
Kusiyanasiyana kwa kutentha kwa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.Ngakhale kuti zowotcherera ndi zinthu zina zimatha kusungidwa mosagwirizana, pali kusiyana pakati pa kutentha komwe kumafunikira kuti muwotche chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kuchokera ku kutentha kupita ku kutentha.Nambala yotentha ndi nambala yoperekedwa ku zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zomwe zimasungunuka pafakitale.Zomwe zimapangidwira zamtundu uliwonse wa batch zimalembedwa pamodzi ndi chitsulo chachitsulo kapena Pulojekiti yamtundu wa ITR. pa 1538 ° C (2800 ° F), pamene alloyed zitsulo amasungunuka mkati osiyanasiyana kutentha, malingana ndi mtundu ndi ndende ya aloyi aliyense kapena trace element present.Since palibe kutentha awiri zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri adzakhala ndi ndendende ndende ya chinthu chilichonse, kuwotcherera makhalidwe adzasiyana ng'anjo ndi ng'anjo.
SEM ya 316L chitoliro orbital welds pa AOD chitoliro (pamwamba) ndi EBR zinthu (pansi) anasonyeza kusiyana kwambiri kusalala kwa weld mkanda.
Ngakhale kuti njira yowotcherera imodzi ingagwire ntchito yotentha kwambiri ndi OD yofanana ndi makulidwe a khoma, kutentha kwina kumafuna zochepa za amperage ndipo zina zimafuna amperage apamwamba kuposa momwe zimakhalira.Pachifukwa ichi, kutentha kwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana pa malo ogwirira ntchito kuyenera kutsatiridwa mosamala kuti tipewe mavuto omwe angakhalepo.
Sulfur problem.Elemental sulfure ndi zonyansa zachitsulo zokhudzana ndi zitsulo zomwe zimachotsedwa kwambiri panthawi yopanga zitsulo.AISI Mtundu wa 304 ndi 316 zosapanga dzimbiri zosapanga dzimbiri zimatchulidwa ndi sulfure yochuluka kwambiri ya 0.030%.Ndi chitukuko cha njira zamakono zoyenga zitsulo, monga Argon Oxygen Decarburization ndi Vacuum Vacuum Duducation (Acuum Vacuum Duducation) ndi Melcuum Duturing Practice Arc Remelting (VIM + VAR), zakhala zotheka kupanga zitsulo zomwe zimakhala zapadera kwambiri m'njira zotsatirazi: mankhwala awo.
Pa otsika kwambiri sulfure ndende (0.001% - 0.003%), malowedwe a weld chithaphwi amakhala lalikulu kwambiri poyerekeza welds ofanana opangidwa pa sing'anga sulfure okhutira. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zipangizo zomwe zili ndi sulfure zikhale zovuta kwambiri, makamaka ndi makoma ochuluka. Pamapeto apamwamba a sulfure ndende mu 304 kapena 316 zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, mkanda wowotcherera umakhala wochepa kwambiri wamadzimadzi m'mawonekedwe ndi ovuta kuposa zipangizo za sulfure. mu ASTM A270 S2 yamachubu apamwamba amankhwala.
Opanga a electropolished zosapanga dzimbiri chitoliro aona kuti ngakhale milingo zolimbitsa sulfure mu 316 kapena 316L zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri kumapangitsa kukhala kovuta kukwaniritsa zosowa za makasitomala awo semiconductor ndi biopharmaceutical kwa yosalala, opanda dzenje malo mkati. Kugwiritsa ntchito sikani ma electron microscopy kuti atsimikizire kusalala kwa chubu pamwamba pa manganese akuwonetsedwa mu mawonekedwe azitsulo amtundu wa manganelic. se sulfide (MnS) "zingwe" zomwe zimachotsedwa panthawi ya electropolishing ndikusiya voids mu 0.25-1.0 micron range.
Opanga ndi othandizira machubu opanga mabatani omwe akuyendetsa machubu a sulra-otsika kuti akwaniritse ndalama zomwe zimaperekedwa. zida ".
Kuphatikiza pa kuwongolera kuwotcherera kwa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, kupezeka kwa sulfure kumapangitsanso kuti machinability.Chotsatira chake, opanga ndi opanga amakonda kusankha zinthu zomwe zili kumapeto kwa mtundu wa sulfure womwe watchulidwa. Kuwotcherera kumachubu okhala ndi sulfure otsika kwambiri ku zotengera, mavavu kapena machubu ena okhala ndi sulfure apamwamba kwambiri chifukwa amatha kupanga zovuta zowotcherera sulfure. kanthu zimachitika, malowedwe amakhala zakuya pa otsika sulfure mbali kuposa mbali mkulu-sulfure, zomwe ndi zosiyana ndi zimene zimachitika pamene kuwotcherera mipope ndi mafananidwe sulfure woipa.Zikachitika kwambiri, weld mkanda akhoza kwathunthu kudutsa otsika sulfure zakuthupi ndi kusiya mkati mwa kuwotcherera kwathunthu osafusidwa (Fihey ndi Simeneau, okhutira okhutira chitoliro cha sulfure 192). penter Steel Division of Car-penter Technology Corporation of Pennsylvania yakhazikitsa sulfure yochepa (0.005% max) 316 bar stock (Type 316L-SCQ) (VIM+VAR)) yopangira zopangira ndi zigawo zina zomwe zimafunidwa kuti ziwotchedwe ndi mapaipi a sulfure otsika.Kuwotcherera zinthu ziwiri za sulfure zotsika kwambiri kuposa sulfure zotsika kwambiri kuzinthu zotsika kwambiri za sulfure ndizosavuta.
Kusintha kwa kugwiritsira ntchito machubu otsika sulfure makamaka chifukwa chofuna kupeza malo osalala a electropolished mkati mwa chubu.Pamene mapeto a pamwamba ndi electropolishing ndizofunikira kwa makampani a semiconductor ndi makampani a biotech / pharmaceutical, SEMI, polemba ndondomeko ya makampani a semiconductor, amatchulidwa kuti 316L machubu opangira mpweya wopangira mpweya 0. Komano, anasintha ndondomeko yawo ya ASTM 270 kuti ikhale ndi machubu a mankhwala omwe amalepheretsa kuti sulfure ikhale yochuluka kuchokera ku 0.005 mpaka 0.017%. Kutentha kwa zinthu ndi fufuzani isanayambe kupanga Solder ngakhale pakati Kutenthetsa.Kupanga zitsulo.
zinthu zina zotsatizana.Kufufuza zinthu kuphatikizapo sulfure, oksijeni, aluminiyamu, silicon ndi manganese zapezeka kuti zimakhudza kulowa.Kufufuza kuchuluka kwa aluminium, silicon, calcium, titaniyamu ndi chromium zomwe zili m'munsi mwazitsulo monga oxide inclusions imagwirizanitsidwa ndi slag kupanga panthawi yowotcherera.
Zotsatira za zinthu zosiyanasiyana zimachulukirachulukira, kotero kukhalapo kwa okosijeni kumatha kuthana ndi zotsatira zina zotsika za sulfure.Milingo yayikulu ya aluminiyamu imatha kuthana ndi zotsatira zabwino pakulowa kwa sulfure.Manganese amasinthasintha pakuwotcherera kutentha komanso kuyika pamalo omwe amakhudzidwa ndi kutentha.Magawo a manganesewa amalumikizidwa ndi kutayika kwa dzimbiri,kuyesa kwa manganese otsika,Semicondu7. ngakhale zida zotsika kwambiri za manganese 316L kuti muteteze kutayika kwa dzimbiri.
Slag mapangidwe.Zilumba za Slag nthawi zina zimawonekera pazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zazitsulo zina zotentha.Izi ndi nkhani yakuthupi, koma nthawi zina kusintha kwazitsulo zowotcherera kungathe kuchepetsa izi, kapena kusintha kwa argon / hydrogen kusakaniza kungapangitse weld.Pollard anapeza kuti chiŵerengero cha aluminiyamu ndi silicon muzitsulo zoyambira zimakhudza mapangidwe a slag. .010% ndi zinthu za silicon pa 0.5%.Komabe, pamene chiŵerengero cha Al / Si chili pamwamba pa msinkhu uwu, slag yozungulira ikhoza kupanga m'malo mwa mtundu wa plaque. Mtundu uwu wa slag ukhoza kuchoka m'maenje pambuyo pa electropolishing, zomwe sizingavomerezedwe chifukwa cha chiyero chapamwamba. ld mkanda ukhoza kuwonongeka ndi dzimbiri.
Single-run weld with pulsation.Standard automatic orbital chubu kuwotcherera ndi chiphaso chimodzi kuwotcherera ndi pulsed panopa ndi mosalekeza mosalekeza liwiro kasinthasintha.Njira imeneyi ndi yoyenera chitoliro ndi diameters kunja kuchokera 1/8" pafupifupi 7" ndi makulidwe khoma la 0.083 "ndi m'munsi. Pambuyo pa nthawi yokonzeratu mu nthawi yotsuka pakhoma, kuchedwa kwa tubercing kumachitika panthawi yotsuka. alipo koma palibe kusinthasintha komwe kumachitika.Pambuyo pa kuchedwa kozungulira uku, electrode imazungulira mozungulira chowotcherera chowotcherera mpaka chowotchereracho chilowetse kapena kuphatikizira gawo loyambirira la weld panthawi yomaliza.
Njira yowotcherera ("kuwotcherera") Pakuwotcherera kwa zida zokulirapo, zomwe zimakhala zokulirapo kuposa inchi 0.083, gwero lamagetsi lophatikizika lingagwiritsidwe ntchito munjira yolumikizirana kapena masitepe. pa dongosolo la 0,5 kuti 1.5 masekondi, poyerekeza ndi chakhumi kapena zana lachiwiri zimachitika kwa wachiwiri kugunda kwa nthawi kuwotcherera ochiritsira. Njira imeneyi akhoza mogwira kuwotcherera 0.154 "kapena 6" wandiweyani 40 n'zopimira 40 woonda khoma chitoliro ndi 0.154 "kapena 6" ″ khoma makulidwe. zopangira mapaipi komwe pangakhale kusiyana kwa kulolerana kwa mawonekedwe, kusalumikizana bwino kapena Material matenthedwe kusagwirizana.Mtundu uwu wa kuwotcherera umafunika pafupifupi kuwirikiza kawiri nthawi ya arc yowotcherera wamba ndipo siyeneranso kugwiritsa ntchito ultra-high-purity (UHP) chifukwa cha msoko wokulirapo, wovuta kwambiri.
M'badwo wamakono wa magwero amagetsi amawotcherera ndi ma microprocessor-based and store programme omwe amatchula manambala a kuwotcherera magawo a mainchesi (OD) ndi makulidwe a khoma la chitoliro kuti atenthedwe, kuphatikiza nthawi yowotcherera, kuwotcherera pakali pano, kuthamanga (RPM)), kuchuluka kwa zigawo ndi nthawi pa wosanjikiza, nthawi yakugunda, nthawi yotsika, etc. llation matalikidwe ndi kukhala nthawi, AVC (arc voteji kulamulira kupereka mosalekeza arc kusiyana), ndi upslope.Kuchita maphatikizidwe kuwotcherera maphatikizidwe, kukhazikitsa kuwotcherera mutu ndi ma elekitirodi yoyenera ndi chitoliro clamp amaika pa chitoliro ndi kukumbukira kuwotcherera ndandanda kapena pulogalamu kuchokera mphamvu gwero memory.The kuwotcherera ndondomeko anayambitsa ndi kukanikiza batani kapena nembanemba gulu fungulo opareshoni ndi kuwotcherera akupitiriza popanda kuwotcherera.
Non-programmable variables.Kuti kupeza zonse zabwino kuwotcherera khalidwe, ndi kuwotcherera magawo ayenera mosamala controlled.Izi zimatheka mwa kulondola kwa kuwotcherera gwero la mphamvu ndi pulogalamu kuwotcherera, amene ndi gulu la malangizo analowa mu gwero mphamvu, wopangidwa ndi kuwotcherera magawo, kwa kuwotcherera enieni kukula kwa chitoliro kapena chitoliro. lding imakumana ndi zomwe anagwirizana.Komabe, zinthu zina ndi njira zina kupatulapo zowotcherera ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa mosamala.Zinthuzi zikuphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zokonzekera mapeto abwino, kuyeretsa bwino ndi kugwiritsira ntchito machitidwe, kulekerera kwabwino kwa machubu kapena mbali zina zowotcherera, mtundu wa tungsten wosasinthasintha ndi kukula kwake, mipweya yoyeretsedwa kwambiri ya inert, komanso kusamala kwambiri kusinthasintha kwa kutentha.
Zofunikira pokonzekera kuwotcherera kwa chitoliro ndizovuta kwambiri pakuwotcherera kwa orbital kuposa kuwotcherera pamanja. Zolumikizira zowotcherera za orbital chitoliro nthawi zambiri zimakhala zolumikizirana matako.Kuti tikwaniritse kubwereza komwe kumafunikira pakuwotcherera kwa orbital, zolondola, zofananira, kukonzekera kopangidwa ndi makina ndikofunikira.
Mapeto a chitoliro ayenera kugwirizana pamodzi pamutu wowotcherera kuti pasakhale kusiyana pakati pa malekezero a chigawo cha matako.Ngakhale kuti zolumikizira zowotcherera zokhala ndi mipata yaying'ono zitha kukwaniritsidwa, weld quality ingakhudzidwe moyipa.Pali kusiyana kwakukulu, m'pamenenso pali vuto.Kusonkhana kosauka kungayambitse kulephera kwathunthu kwa soldering.Chitoliro cha chitoliro ndi kutha kwa chitoliro chomwe chimapangidwa ndi chitoliro chofanana ndi chitoliro cha George Fi. monga opangidwa ndi Protem, Wachs, ndi ena, omwe nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma welds osalala a orbital oyenera kupanga makina.
Kuwonjezera pa kuwotcherera magawo kuti athandizira mphamvu kuti kuwotcherera, pali zosintha zina zimene zingakhudze kwambiri kuwotcherera, koma si mbali ya ndondomeko kuwotcherera kwenikweni.Izi zikuphatikizapo mtundu ndi kukula kwa tungsten, mtundu ndi chiyero cha mpweya ntchito kutchinga arc ndi kuyeretsa mkati mwa chowotcherera olowa, mpweya otaya mlingo ntchito kuyeretsa mutu ndi gwero la olowa, gwero ndi gwero ntchito yotsuka, gwero ndi gwero la olowa, mtundu ndi chiyero cha mpweya ntchito kutchinga arc ndi kuyeretsa mkati mwa olowa kuwotcherera. Zosintha "zosasinthika" ndikuzilemba pa ndondomeko yowotcherera.Mwachitsanzo, mtundu wa mpweya umatengedwa kuti ndi wofunikira kwambiri mu Welding Procedure Specification (WPS) kuti njira zowotcherera zigwirizane ndi ASME Section IX Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code.Kusintha kwa mtundu wa gasi kapena magawo osakaniza gasi, kapena kuthetsa kuyeretsa ID kumafuna kukonzanso ndondomeko yokonzanso.
Kuwotcherera mpweya.Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chimagonjetsedwa ndi mpweya wa okosijeni wa mumlengalenga kutentha kwa firiji.Ikatenthedwa mpaka kusungunuka kwake (1530 ° C kapena 2800 ° F kwa chitsulo choyera) imakhala ndi oxidized.Inert argon imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati mpweya wotetezera komanso poyeretsa ziwalo zosakanikirana zamkati za GTA zomwe zimagwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa mpweya wa mpweya wa mpweya ndi mpweya wa oxiW. dation-induced discoloration yomwe imapezeka kapena pafupi ndi weld pambuyo pa kuwotcherera.Ngati mpweya woyeretsa suli wapamwamba kwambiri kapena ngati purge system siinatayike kwathunthu kotero kuti mpweya wochepa umalowa mu purge system, okosijeniwo akhoza kukhala opepuka kapena bluish.Zowonadi, palibe kuyeretsa komwe kungabweretse tsinde lakuda lakuda lomwe limatchedwa "9 cylinders" lomwe limatchedwa 9. 996-99.997% yoyera, malingana ndi wogulitsa, ndipo imakhala ndi 5-7 ppm ya okosijeni ndi zonyansa zina, kuphatikizapo H2O, O2, CO2, ma hydrocarbons, ndi zina zotero, kwa chiwerengero cha 40 ppm pazipita.Argon yoyera kwambiri mu silinda kapena argon yamadzimadzi mu Dewar 9199% yoyera kapena 9109 yoyera ya Dewar. ppm oxygen.ZOYENERA: Oyeretsa gasi monga Nanochem kapena Gatekeeper angagwiritsidwe ntchito poyeretsa kuti achepetse kuipitsidwa kwa magawo mabiliyoni (ppb) osiyanasiyana.
Zosakaniza za gasi monga 75% helium / 25% argon ndi 95% argon / 5% haidrojeni angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati mipweya yotchinjiriza pazinthu zapadera.Zosakaniza ziwirizi zinapanga ma welds otentha kuposa omwe amachitidwa pazikhazikiko zomwezo monga argon.Zosakaniza za Helium ndizoyenera kwambiri kulowa mkati mwa kuphatikizika kowotcherera pazitsulo zosakanikirana za hydrogen hydrocarbon. Zosakaniza za haidrojeni zili ndi ubwino wambiri, komanso zovuta zina zazikulu. Ubwino wake ndikuti umapanga chithaphwi chonyowa komanso chowotcherera chosalala, chomwe chili choyenera kugwiritsa ntchito makina operekera mpweya wochuluka kwambiri komanso wosalala wamkati momwe angathere. argon wangwiro.Zotsatirazi ndi zabwino kwambiri pa 5% ya hydrogen content.Ena amagwiritsa ntchito 95/5% argon / hydrogen osakaniza monga ID purge kupititsa patsogolo maonekedwe a mkati weld bead.
Mkanda wowotcherera pogwiritsa ntchito osakaniza wa hydrogen monga mpweya wotchinga ndi wocheperako, kupatula kuti chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chimakhala ndi sulfure wochepa kwambiri ndipo chimapanga kutentha kwambiri mu weld kuposa momwe zimakhalira panopa ndi argon wosakanizidwa. Kuipa kwakukulu kwa argon / haidrojeni osakaniza ndi chakuti arc ndi yocheperapo kwambiri kuposa argon yoyera, ndipo pali mayendedwe olakwika a arc toft. Chifukwa chakuti kutentha kopangidwa ndi arc kumasiyana ndi ndende ya haidrojeni, kusakanikirana kosalekeza n'kofunika kuti tipeze ma welds obwerezabwereza, ndipo pali kusiyana kwa gasi wosakanizidwa wa mabotolo. Choyipa china ndi chakuti nthawi yamoyo wa tungsten a hydrogen wosakanikirana ndi wosakanikirana wa hydrogen wosakanikirana ndi wochepa kwambiri chifukwa cha kusakaniza kwa hydrogen ndi kufupikitsa. s sichinatsimikizidwe, zanenedwa kuti arc ndi yovuta kwambiri ndipo tungsten ingafunike kusinthidwa pambuyo pa welds imodzi kapena ziwiri. Zosakaniza za Argon / hydrogen sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuwotcherera zitsulo za carbon kapena titaniyamu.
Chinthu chosiyanitsa cha ndondomeko ya TIG ndi chakuti sichimadya ma electrode.Tungsten ili ndi malo osungunuka kwambiri achitsulo chilichonse (6098 ° F; 3370 ° C) ndipo ndi mpweya wabwino wa electron, womwe umaupangitsa kuti ukhale woyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati electrode yosagwiritsidwa ntchito. ngsten sagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri mu GTAW chifukwa chapamwamba kwambiri za cerium tungsten, makamaka pa orbital GTAW applications.Thorium tungsten imagwiritsidwa ntchito mocheperapo kusiyana ndi kale chifukwa imakhala ndi radioactive.
Ma elekitirodi okhala ndi mapeto opukutidwa amakhala ofanana kwambiri kukula kwake. A pamwamba yosalala nthawi zonse ndi yabwino kwa pamwamba kapena osagwirizana, monga kugwirizana mu electrode geometry n'kofunika kwambiri kuti mogwirizana, yunifolomu kuwotcherera zotsatira. Ndikofunikira kumakaniko pogaya nsonga ya elekitirodi kuonetsetsa kubwerezabwereza kwa tungsten geometry ndi weld repeatability.Nsonga yosamveka imakakamiza arc kuchoka ku weld kupita kumalo omwewo pa tungsten.Nsonga m'mimba mwake imalamulira mawonekedwe a arc ndi kuchuluka kwa kulowa pamtundu wina wamakono.Ngodya ya taper imakhudza mawonekedwe amakono / voltage amtundu wa arc ndi tungled ayenera kukhala odziwika kutalika kwa arc ndi tungled. zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyika arc gap.The arc gap kwa mtengo weniweni wamakono amatsimikizira mphamvu yamagetsi ndipo motero mphamvu yogwiritsidwa ntchito pa weld.
Kukula kwa elekitirodi ndi m'mimba mwake nsonga amasankhidwa malinga ndi kuwotcherera panopa intensity.Ngati panopa ndi mkulu kwambiri kwa elekitirodi kapena nsonga yake, akhoza kutaya zitsulo kuchokera kunsonga, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito maelekitirodi ndi nsonga awiri kuti ndi lalikulu kwambiri panopa kungayambitse arc drift. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ma electrode a 0.040 "m'mimba mwake powotcherera zing'onozing'ono zolondola Components.Kubwereza kwa ndondomeko yowotcherera, mtundu wa tungsten ndi mapeto, kutalika, taper angle, m'mimba mwake, nsonga ya nsonga ndi kusiyana kwa arc ziyenera kufotokozedwa ndi controlled.Pa ntchito zowotcherera chubu, cerium tungsten imalimbikitsidwa nthawi zonse chifukwa mtundu uwu uli ndi moyo wautali wautumiki kusiyana ndi mitundu ina ndipo uli ndi makhalidwe abwino kwambiri a non-radiosten arc ignition.
Kuti mudziwe zambiri, chonde lemberani Barbara Henon, Technical Publications Manager, Arc Machines, Inc., 10280 Glenoaks Blvd., Pacoima, CA 91331.Phone: 818-896-9556.Fax: 818-890-3724.