Chidziwitso cha Mkonzi: Pharmaceutical Online ndiwokonzeka kupereka nkhani ya magawo anayi iyi yokhudzana ndi kuwotcherera kwa orbital kwa bioprocess piping ndi katswiri wamakampani Barbara Henon wa Arc Machines.
Pewani kuwonongeka kwa dzimbiri. Madzi oyeretsedwa kwambiri monga DI kapena WFI ndi owopsa kwambiri kwa zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri. Kuwonjezera apo, WFI yamagulu a mankhwala amayendetsedwa pa kutentha kwapamwamba (80 ° C) kuti asunge sterility. zosiyanasiyana zikuchokera chifukwa dzimbiri zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri mapaipi dongosolo components.Zidothi ndi chitsulo okusayidi akhoza kukhala zigawo zikuluzikulu, koma mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chitsulo, chromium ndi faifi tambala angakhalepo.Kupezeka kwa rouge ndi wakupha kwa mankhwala ena ndipo kukhalapo kwake kungayambitse dzimbiri, ngakhale kukhalapo kwake mu machitidwe ena kumawoneka kuti ndi abwino kwambiri.
Kuwotcherera kumatha kuwononga kukana kwa dzimbiri. Kutentha kwamtundu ndi chifukwa cha oxidizing zinthu zomwe zimayikidwa pa welds ndi HAZs panthawi yowotcherera, zimawononga kwambiri, ndipo zimalumikizidwa ndi mapangidwe a rouge mumayendedwe amadzi amankhwala. Mapangidwe a Chromium okusayidi amatha kuyambitsa kutentha, kusiya mtundu wa chromium-susrosion wosanjikiza womwe umachotsedwa. ndi akupera, kuchotsa zitsulo pamwamba, kuphatikizapo m'munsi chromium-zinatha wosanjikiza, ndi kubwezeretsa kukana dzimbiri kwa milingo pafupi ndi m'munsi zitsulo milingo. passivation akhoza kubwezeretsa kusintha pamwamba pa kugawa mpweya, chromium, chitsulo, faifi tambala ndi manganese zomwe zinachitika mu weld ndi kutentha anakhudzidwa zone kwa pre-weld state.Komabe, passivation amangokhudza pamwamba wosanjikiza akunja ndipo salowerera m'munsimu 50 angstroms, pamene matenthedwe mitundu akhoza kuwonjezera 1000 pansi angstroms kapena kuposa.
Chifukwa chake, kuti muyike mapaipi osagwirizana ndi dzimbiri pafupi ndi magawo osasunthika, ndikofunikira kuyesa kuchepetsa kuwotcherera ndi kuwonongeka kopangidwa ndi nsalu kumlingo womwe ungathe kubwezeretsedwanso ndi passivation. kuwotcherera ndi kofunikanso kuti tipewe kutayika kwa dzimbiri.Kuwongolera njira yopangira zinthu kuti ikwaniritse zowotcherera zobwerezabwereza komanso zosasinthasintha, komanso kusamalira mosamala mipope yachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi zigawo zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga kuti zisawonongeke, ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti pakhale dongosolo lapamwamba la mapaipi omwe amatsutsana ndi dzimbiri ndipo amapereka ntchito yopindulitsa kwa nthawi yaitali.
Zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mapaipi achitsulo osapanga dzimbiri a biopharmaceutical zakhala zikusintha kwambiri pazaka khumi zapitazi. Zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zomwe zidagwiritsidwa ntchito 1980 zisanachitike zinali 304 zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri chifukwa zinali zotsika mtengo komanso kuwongolera mkuwa womwe udagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mbuyomu. kukana dzimbiri, ndipo safuna chithandizo chapadera cha preheat ndi post kutentha.
Posachedwapa, ntchito 316 zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri mu ntchito mkulu-kuyera mapaipi wakhala akuwonjezeka.Mtundu 316 ndi ofanana zikuchokera kwa Mtundu 304, koma kuwonjezera pa chromium ndi faifi tambala aloyi zinthu zofala kwa onse, 316 lili pafupifupi 2% molybdenum, amene kwambiri bwino 31330L kukana 316L, 6L, anatchula 316L, ndi nickel alloying chromium alloying zinthu zofala kwa onse awiri, 316 lili ndi pafupifupi 2% molybdenum. mpaka ngati "L" magiredi, kukhala ndi mpweya wochepa kwambiri kuposa magiredi okhazikika (0.035% vs. 0.08%).Kuchepetsa kwa mpweya wa carbon ndiko kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mpweya wa carbide umene ukhoza kuchitika chifukwa cha kuwotcherera.Uku ndi mapangidwe a chromium carbide, omwe amachepetsa malire a tirigu a chromium baseceptible metal, kupanga mapangidwe a carbide carbide. kutchedwa "sensitization," ndi nthawi ndi kutentha zimadalira ndi vuto lalikulu pamene dzanja soldering.Tasonyeza kuti kuwotcherera orbital wa super-austenitic zosapanga dzimbiri AL-6XN amapereka ma welds dzimbiri zosagwira kuposa ma welds ofanana ndi hand. "L" kalasi 304 ndi 316 imachotsa mpweya wa carbide ngati chinthu chomwe chimapangitsa kuti pakhale dzimbiri mu makina a mapaipi.
Kusiyanasiyana kwa kutentha kwa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.Ngakhale zowotcherera ndi zinthu zina zimatha kusungidwa molimba kwambiri, palinso kusiyana kwa kutentha komwe kumafunikira kuti muwotche chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kuchokera ku kutentha kupita ku kutentha.Nambala yotentha ndi nambala yoperekedwa ku zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zomwe zimasungunuka pafakitale.Mapangidwe enieni a mankhwala a gulu lililonse amalembedwa pamodzi ndi Factor kapena Testy Report (MTR). nambala.Chitsulo choyera chimasungunuka pa 1538 ° C (2800 ° F), pamene zitsulo zosakanikirana zimasungunuka mkati mwa kutentha, malingana ndi mtundu ndi ndondomeko ya aloyi iliyonse kapena kufufuza zinthu zomwe zilipo.
SEM ya 316L chitoliro orbital welds pa AOD chitoliro (pamwamba) ndi EBR zinthu (pansi) anasonyeza kusiyana kwambiri kusalala kwa weld mkanda.
Ngakhale kuti njira yowotcherera imodzi ingagwire ntchito yotentha kwambiri ndi OD yofanana ndi makulidwe a khoma, kutentha kwina kumafuna zochepa za amperage ndipo zina zimafuna amperage apamwamba kuposa momwe zimakhalira.Pachifukwa ichi, kutentha kwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana pa malo ogwirira ntchito kuyenera kutsatiridwa mosamala kuti tipewe mavuto omwe angakhalepo.
Sulfur problem.Elemental sulfure ndi zonyansa zokhudzana ndi chitsulo zomwe zimachotsedwa kwambiri panthawi yopanga zitsulo.AISI Mtundu wa 304 ndi 316 zosapanga dzimbiri zosapanga dzimbiri zimatchulidwa ndi sulfure yochuluka kwambiri ya 0.030%.Ndi chitukuko cha njira zamakono zoyenga zitsulo, monga Argon Oxygen Decarburization (Acuum Vacuum Induction) ndi Melcuum Vacuum Decarburization (Aicuum Vacuum). kutsatiridwa ndi Vacuum Arc Remelting (VIM + VAR), zakhala zotheka kupanga zitsulo zomwe zimakhala zapadera kwambiri m'njira zotsatirazi: mankhwala awo opangidwa ndi mankhwala.Izi zadziwika kuti katundu wa weld dziwe amasintha pamene sulfure zili pansi pa 0.008%.Izi ndichifukwa cha zotsatira za sulfure komanso pang'onopang'ono zinthu zina pa kutentha kwa dziwe lamadzimadzimadzimadzimadzimadzimadzimadzimadzimadzimadzimadzimadzimadzimadzimadzimadzimadzimadzimadzimadzimadzimadzimadzimadzimadzimadzimadzimadzimadzimadzimadzimadzimadzi. dziwe.
Pa otsika kwambiri sulfure woipa (0.001% - 0.003%), malowedwe a weld chithaphwi amakhala lalikulu kwambiri poyerekeza welds ofanana opangidwa pa sing'anga sulfure okhutira chitoliro. Kuwotcherera.Pamene kuwotcherera pakali pano kukukwanira kupanga weld wolowera kwathunthu.Izi zimapangitsa kuti zipangizo zomwe zimakhala ndi sulfure zochepa kwambiri zikhale zovuta kutsekemera, makamaka ndi makoma okhuthala. 0.005% mpaka 0.017%, monga tafotokozera mu ASTM A270 S2 pamachubu abwino amankhwala.
Opanga chitoliro cha chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chopangidwa ndi electropolished awona kuti ngakhale milingo ya sulfure yocheperako mu 316 kapena 316L chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri imapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kukwaniritsa zosowa zamakasitomala awo opangira ma semiconductor ndi biopharmaceutical popanga malo osalala, opanda dzenje. inclusions kapena manganese sulfide (MnS) "zingwe" zomwe zimachotsedwa panthawi ya electropolishing ndikusiya voids mu 0.25-1.0 micron range.
Opanga ndi ogulitsa machubu opangidwa ndi electropolished akuyendetsa msika kuti agwiritse ntchito zida zotsika kwambiri za sulfure kuti akwaniritse zofunikira zawo. "zoyeretsa" zipangizo.
Kuwonjezera pa kuwotcherera kwa zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, kupezeka kwa sulfure kumapangitsanso kuti machinability.Chotsatira chake, opanga ndi opanga amakonda kusankha zipangizo kumapeto kwa sulfure yomwe yatchulidwa. okhutira.Pamene arc kupatuka kumachitika, malowedwe amakhala zakuya pa otsika sulfure mbali kuposa mbali mkulu-sulfure, zomwe ndi zosiyana ndi zimene zimachitika pamene kuwotcherera mipope ndi ofanana sulfure woipa.Zikavuta kwambiri, weld mkanda akhoza kwathunthu kudutsa otsika sulfure zakuthupi ndi kusiya mkati mwa kuwotcherera kwathunthu osasunthika (Fihey dongosolo 1 ndi 9 sumeneau machesi). kwa okhutira sulfure chitoliro, ndi Carpenter Zitsulo Division wa Car-penter Technology Corporation of Pennsylvania anayambitsa otsika sulfure (0.005% max) 316 bala katundu (Mtundu 316L-SCQ) (VIM + VAR)) popanga zovekera ndi zigawo zina anafuna kuti welded kuti otsika sulfure mapaipi otsika kwambiri otsika sulfure mipope ndi zowotcherera otsika kwambiri zipangizo ziwiri sulfure kwambiri. zakuthupi kupita ku sulfure wapamwamba kwambiri.
Kusintha kwa kugwiritsa ntchito machubu a sulfure otsika makamaka chifukwa chofuna kupeza malo osalala amkati opangidwa ndi ma electropolished. Ngakhale kutsirizitsa kwapamwamba ndi electropolishing ndizofunikira pamakampani a semiconductor komanso makampani opanga zamankhwala / mankhwala, SEMI, polemba zamakampani opanga ma semiconductor, adatchula kuti 316L machubu opangira mpweya wopangira mpweya wokwanira 0%. Komano, ASTM inasintha ndondomeko yawo ya ASTM 270 kuti ikhale ndi machubu a mankhwala omwe amachepetsa sulfure ku 0.005 mpaka 0.017%. kapena zovekera, ndi installers ayenera mosamala younikira Kutentha kwa zinthu ndi fufuzani isanayambe kupanga Solder ngakhale pakati Kutentha.Kupanga welds.
zinthu zina zotsatizana.Kufufuza zinthu kuphatikizapo sulfure, oksijeni, aluminiyamu, silicon ndi manganese zapezeka kuti zimakhudza kulowa.Kufufuza kuchuluka kwa aluminium, silicon, calcium, titaniyamu ndi chromium zomwe zili m'munsi mwazitsulo monga oxide inclusions imagwirizanitsidwa ndi slag kupanga panthawi yowotcherera.
Zotsatira za zinthu zosiyanasiyana zimachulukana, kotero kukhalapo kwa okosijeni kumatha kuthetsa zotsatira zina za sulfure otsika.Milingo yayikulu ya aluminiyamu imatha kuthana ndi zotsatira zabwino pakulowa kwa sulfure.Manganese amawotcherera pakutentha komanso kuyika m'malo omwe amakhudzidwa ndi kutentha.Madipoziti a manganesewa amagwirizana ndi kutayika kwa dzimbiri. manganese otsika komanso zida zotsika kwambiri za manganese 316L kuti muteteze kutayika kwa dzimbiri.
Slag mapangidwe.Slag zilumba nthawi zina kuonekera pa zosapanga dzimbiri mkanda zitsulo zina heats.Izi mwachibadwa nkhani zinthu, koma nthawi zina kusintha magawo kuwotcherera akhoza kuchepetsa izi, kapena kusintha kwa argon/hydrogen osakaniza akhoza kusintha weld.Pollard anapeza kuti chiŵerengero cha aluminiyamu kuti pakachitsulo m'munsi zitsulo zimakhudza slag mapangidwe. aluminium okhutira pa 0.010% ndi silicon zili pa 0.5%.Komabe, pamene chiŵerengero cha Al / Si chili pamwamba pa msinkhu uwu, slag yozungulira ikhoza kupanga m'malo mwa mtundu wa plaque.Mtundu uwu wa slag ukhoza kuchoka m'maenje pambuyo pa electropolishing, zomwe sizikuvomerezeka kwa ntchito zoyera kwambiri.Zilumba za Slag zomwe zimapanga pa OD zingayambitse kusagwirizana kwa ID ya insuld ndi penetnet. kulowa.Zilumba za slag zomwe zimapanga pa ID weld bead zitha kukhala ndi dzimbiri.
Single-run weld with pulsation.Standard automatic orbital chubu kuwotcherera ndi chiphaso chimodzi weld ndi pulsed panopa ndi mosalekeza mosalekeza liwiro kasinthasintha.Njirayi ndi yoyenera chitoliro ndi diameters kunja kuchokera 1/8 "pafupifupi 7" ndi makulidwe khoma la 0.083" ndi pansipa. momwe arcing ilipo koma palibe kusinthasintha komwe kumachitika.Pambuyo pa kuchedwa kozungulira uku, electrode imazungulira mozungulira cholumikizira chowotcherera mpaka chowotcherera chimalowa kapena kuphatikizira gawo loyambirira la weld panthawi yomaliza.
Njira yowotcherera ("kuwotcherera") Pakuwotcherera kwa zida zokhuthala, zomwe zimakhala zokulirapo kuposa inchi 0.083, gwero lamagetsi lophatikizika litha kugwiritsidwa ntchito munjira yolumikizirana kapena masitepe. kugunda nthawi, pa dongosolo la 0,5 kwa masekondi 1.5, poyerekeza ndi chakhumi kapena zana lachiwiri zimachitika kwa nthawi kuwotcherera ochiritsira. Njira imeneyi akhoza mogwira kuwotcherera 0,154 "kapena 6" wandiweyani 40 n'zopimira 40 woonda khoma chitoliro ndi 0.154 "kapena 6" ″ kutulutsa makulidwe ndi sitepe yothandiza kupanga makulidwe a sitepe ndi sitepe. kuwotcherera mbali zosalongosoka monga zitsulo za chitoliro ku mapaipi kumene pangakhale kusiyana kwa kulolerana kwa dimensional, kusalinganika kwina kapena Material matenthedwe kusagwirizana.Mtundu uwu wa kuwotcherera kumafuna pafupifupi kuwirikiza kawiri arc nthawi ya kuwotcherera ochiritsira ndipo si koyenera kwa ultra-high-purity (UHP) ntchito chifukwa cha msoko wotakata, wovuta kwambiri.
M'badwo wamakono wa magwero amagetsi amawotcherera ndi ma microprocessor-based and store programme omwe amatchula manambala azowotcherera magawo a mainchesi ake (OD) ndi makulidwe a khoma la chitoliro kuti atenthedwe, kuphatikiza nthawi yowotcherera, nthawi yowotcherera, kuthamanga (RPM)), kuchuluka kwa zigawo ndi nthawi pa wosanjikiza, nthawi yakugunda, nthawi yotsika, etc.For orbital feed liwiro, tochi oscillation matalikidwe ndi kukhala nthawi, AVC (arc voteji kulamulira kupereka zonse arc kusiyana), ndi upslope.Kuchita maphatikizidwe kuwotcherera, kukhazikitsa kuwotcherera mutu ndi ma elekitirodi yoyenera ndi chitoliro amaika chitoliro pa chitoliro ndi kukumbukira ndandanda kuwotcherera kapena pulogalamu ku gwero mphamvu memory.The kuwotcherera zinayendera anayambitsa ndi kukanikiza kuwotcherera batani kapena nembanemba gulu kiyi akupitiriza.
Non-programmable variables.Kupeza zonse zabwino kuwotcherera khalidwe, ndi kuwotcherera magawo ayenera mosamala controlled.Izi zimatheka kudzera kulondola kwa kuwotcherera gwero la mphamvu ndi pulogalamu kuwotcherera, amene ndi gulu la malangizo analowa mu gwero la mphamvu, wopangidwa ndi kuwotcherera magawo, kwa kuwotcherera kukula yeniyeni ya chitoliro kapena chitoliro. dongosolo loonetsetsa kuti kuwotcherera kumakwaniritsa miyezo yogwirizana.Komabe, zinthu zina ndi njira zina kupatulapo zowotcherera ziyenera kuyendetsedwa mosamala.Zinthuzi zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zokonzekera mapeto abwino, kuyeretsa bwino ndi kugwiritsira ntchito, kulekerera kwabwino kwa tubing kapena mbali zina zowotcherera, mtundu wa tungsten wosasinthasintha ndi kukula kwake, kusiyanasiyana koyeretsedwa kwambiri kwa mpweya wa inert, ndi kusamala kwambiri - kusamala kwambiri ndi kutentha kwa mpweya.
Zofunikira pokonzekera kuwotcherera kwa chitoliro ndizovuta kwambiri pakuwotcherera kwa orbital kuposa kuwotcherera pamanja. Zolumikizira zowotcherera zolumikizira chitoliro cha orbital nthawi zambiri zimakhala zolumikizirana. makulidwe.
Mapeto a chitoliro ayenera kugwirizana pamodzi pamutu wowotcherera kuti pasakhale kusiyana pakati pa malekezero a chigawo cha matako. kunyamula malekezero mapeto lathes monga opangidwa ndi Protem, Wachs, ndi ena, nthawi zambiri ntchito yosalala mapeto orbital welds oyenera Machining .Kudula macheka, hacksaw, band macheka ndi chubu cutters si oyenera cholinga ichi.
Kuwonjezera pa kuwotcherera magawo kuti athandizira mphamvu kuti kuwotcherera, pali zosintha zina zimene zingakhudze kwambiri kuwotcherera, koma si mbali ya ndondomeko kuwotcherera kwenikweni.Izi zikuphatikizapo mtundu ndi kukula kwa tungsten, mtundu ndi chiyero cha mpweya ntchito kutchinga arc ndi kuyeretsa mkati mwa chowotcherera olowa, mpweya otaya mlingo ntchito kuyeretsa mutu ndi gwero la olowa, gwero lililonse la mphamvu ndi gwero la kuyeretsa, ndi gwero la olowa, mtundu ndi chiyero cha gasi. zambiri.Timatchula izi "zosasinthika" zosinthika ndikuzilemba pa ndondomeko yowotcherera.Mwachitsanzo, mtundu wa mpweya umatengedwa kuti ndi wofunikira kwambiri mu Welding Procedure Specification (WPS) kuti njira zowotcherera zigwirizane ndi ASME Gawo IX Boiler ndi Pressure Vessel Code.Kusintha kwa mtundu wa gasi kapena magawo osakaniza gasi, kapena kuchotseratu njira yowotcherera ya ID.
Kuwotcherera mpweya.Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chimagonjetsedwa ndi mpweya wa okosijeni wa mumlengalenga kutentha kwa chipinda.Akatenthedwa mpaka kusungunuka kwake (1530 ° C kapena 2800 ° F chifukwa cha chitsulo choyera) amakhala oxidized mosavuta.Inert argon amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati mpweya wotetezera komanso poyeretsa ziwalo zotsekemera zamkati za GTA kudzera mu njira ya mpweya ndi mpweya wa mpweya. kuchuluka kwa makutidwe ndi okosijeni-kupangitsa ma discoloration omwe amapezeka kapena pafupi ndi weld pambuyo kuwotcherera.Ngati mpweya woyeretsa suli wapamwamba kwambiri kapena ngati dongosolo la purge silikutayira kwathunthu kotero kuti mpweya wochepa umalowa mu purge system, makutidwe ndi okosijeniwo angakhale opepuka teal kapena bluish.Zowona, palibe kuyeretsa kudzachititsa kuti crusty imatchedwa crusty blacksweet . m'masilinda ndi 99.996-99.997% oyera, malinga ndi wopereka, ndipo ali ndi 5-7 ppm ya okosijeni ndi zonyansa zina, kuphatikizapo H2O, O2, CO2, ma hydrocarbons, ndi zina zotero, kwa chiwerengero cha 40 ppm pazipita.Mkulu-kuyera argon mu silinda mu 9% kapena9 9 argon koyera Dewargon 9. ppm zonyansa zonse, zokhala ndi mpweya wochuluka wa 2 ppm. ZINDIKIRANI: Oyeretsa gasi monga Nanochem kapena Gatekeeper angagwiritsidwe ntchito poyeretsa kuti achepetse kuipitsidwa kwa magawo pa biliyoni (ppb).
Zosakaniza za gasi monga 75% helium / 25% argon ndi 95% argon / 5% haidrojeni angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati mipweya yotchinjiriza pazinthu zapadera. Zosakaniza ziwirizi zinapanga ma welds otentha kuposa omwe amachitidwa pazikhazikiko zomwezo monga argon.Zosakaniza za Helium ndizoyenera kwambiri kulowa mkati mwa kuphatikizika kowotcherera pazitsulo zachitsulo / argon avocant hydrogen. Zosakaniza monga zotetezera mpweya wa ntchito za UHP. Zosakaniza za haidrojeni zili ndi ubwino wambiri, komanso zina zovuta kwambiri. Ubwino wake ndi wakuti umapanga chithaphwi chonyowa komanso malo otsetsereka, omwe ndi abwino kuti agwiritse ntchito machitidwe operekera mpweya wochuluka kwambiri komanso osalala amkati momwe angathere. kutayika kochepa kwambiri kusiyana ndi mpweya wofanana wa okosijeni mu argon yoyera.Zotsatirazi ndi zabwino kwambiri pa 5% hydrogen content.Ena amagwiritsa ntchito 95 / 5% argon / hydrogen osakaniza monga ID purge kuti awoneke bwino mkati mwa weld bead.
Mkanda wowotcherera pogwiritsa ntchito osakaniza wa hydrogen monga mpweya wotchinga ndi wocheperako, kupatula kuti chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chimakhala ndi sulfure wochepa kwambiri ndipo chimatulutsa kutentha kwambiri mu weld kuposa momwe zimakhalira pano ndi argon wosakanizidwa. Kuipa kwakukulu kwa zosakaniza za argon / hydrogen ndikuti arc ndi yocheperako kwambiri kuposa arc yoyera, ndipo chifukwa champhamvu champhamvu cha argon, ndipo pamakhala chiwopsezo chambiri. misfusion.Arc drift imatha kutha pamene gasi wosakanikirana wosiyanasiyana agwiritsidwa ntchito, kutanthauza kuti akhoza kuyambitsidwa ndi kuipitsidwa kapena kusakanizikana kosakwanira.Chifukwa kutentha komwe kumapangidwa ndi arc kumasiyanasiyana ndi kuchuluka kwa haidrojeni, kuyika kosalekeza ndikofunikira kuti tipeze ma welds obwerezabwereza, ndipo pali kusiyana kwa gasi wosakanizidwa kale.Kuyipa kwina ndikuti kusakaniza kwa hydrogen kumakhala kofupikitsa kwa nthawi yayitali. chifukwa kuwonongeka kwa tungsten kuchokera ku gasi wosakanikirana sikunadziwike, zanenedwa kuti arc ndi yovuta kwambiri ndipo tungsten ingafunike kusinthidwa pambuyo pa welds imodzi kapena ziwiri.Zosakaniza za Argon / hydrogen sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuwotcherera zitsulo za carbon kapena titaniyamu.
Chinthu chosiyanitsa cha ndondomeko ya TIG ndi chakuti sichimadya ma electrodes.Tungsten ili ndi malo osungunuka kwambiri achitsulo chilichonse (6098 ° F; 3370 ° C) ndipo ndi mpweya wabwino wa electron, womwe umaupangitsa kuti ukhale woyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati electrode yosagwiritsidwa ntchito. kukhazikika.Tungsten yoyera imagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri mu GTAW chifukwa chapamwamba kwambiri za cerium tungsten, makamaka pa orbital GTAW applications.Thorium tungsten imagwiritsidwa ntchito mocheperapo kusiyana ndi kale chifukwa imakhala ndi radioactive.
Ma elekitirodi okhala ndi mapeto opukutidwa amakhala ofananirako mu kukula kwake. A pamwamba yosalala nthawi zonse ndi bwino kuposa pamwamba aukali kapena zosagwirizana, monga kugwirizana mu electrode geometry n'kofunika kuti mogwirizana, yunifolomu kuwotcherera zotsatira. kuwotcherera orbital, ndikofunika umakaniko pogaya nsonga elekitirodi kuonetsetsa repeatability wa tungsten geometry ndi weld repeatability.Nsonga yosamveka imakakamiza arc kuchokera ku weld kupita kumalo omwewo pa tungsten.Nsonga m'mimba mwake amalamulira mawonekedwe a arc ndi kuchuluka kwa malowedwe pa panopa makamaka.The taper ngodya zimakhudza khalidwe panopa ndi kulamulira voltage. ndizofunikira chifukwa kutalika kodziwika kwa tungsten kungagwiritsidwe ntchito kukhazikitsa kusiyana kwa arc.Kuthamanga kwa arc kwa mtengo weniweni wamakono kumatsimikizira magetsi ndipo motero mphamvu yogwiritsidwa ntchito pa weld.
Kukula kwa elekitirodi ndi m'mimba mwake nsonga amasankhidwa malinga ndi kuwotcherera panopa intensity.Ngati panopa ndi mkulu kwambiri kwa elekitirodi kapena nsonga yake, akhoza kutaya zitsulo kuchokera nsonga, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito maelekitirodi ndi nsonga m'mimba mwake kuti ndi lalikulu kwambiri panopa kungayambitse arc drift. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwapangidwa kuti kugwiritsidwe ntchito ndi ma elekitirodi a 0.040 ″ pakuwotcherera pang'ono mwatsatanetsatane Zida.Kubwerezanso kwa njira yowotcherera, mtundu wa tungsten ndi kumaliza, kutalika, taper angle, m'mimba mwake, nsonga m'mimba mwake ndi kusiyana kwa arc ziyenera kufotokozedwa ndikuwongolera. osatulutsa ma radio.
Kuti mudziwe zambiri, chonde lemberani Barbara Henon, Technical Publications Manager, Arc Machines, Inc., 10280 Glenoaks Blvd., Pacoima, CA 91331.Phone: 818-896-9556.Fax: 818-890-3724.