Q: Tangoyamba kumene ntchito ina yomwe imafuna kuti zigawo zina zipangidwe makamaka za kalasi ya 304 zosapanga dzimbiri, zomwe zimawotchedwa payokha komanso kuzitsulo zofatsa.
A: Ili ndi funso labwino.Inde, titha kukuthandizani kumvetsetsa zomwe ferrite otsika amatanthauza komanso momwe mungapewere.
Choyamba, tiyeni tionenso tanthauzo la chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri (SS) ndi momwe ferrite imagwirizanirana ndi zolumikizira zowotcherera.Chitsulo chakuda ndi aloyi zili ndi chitsulo choposa 50%.Izi zikuphatikizapo zitsulo zonse za carbon ndi zosapanga dzimbiri ndi magulu ena odziwika.Aluminiyamu, mkuwa ndi titaniyamu zilibe chitsulo, choncho ndi zitsanzo zabwino kwambiri zazitsulo zopanda chitsulo.
Zigawo zazikulu za alloy iyi ndi carbon zitsulo ndi osachepera 90% chitsulo ndi SS ndi 70 mpaka 80% chitsulo.Kuti SS, ayenera kukhala osachepera 11.5% chromium added.Chromium mlingo pamwamba pa izi osachepera kulimbikitsa mapangidwe chromium okusayidi mafilimu pa zitsulo pamwamba ndi kupewa kuukira mankhwala monga corrosion kapena corrosion.
SS imagawidwa makamaka m'magulu atatu: austenite, ferrite ndi martensite.Dzina lawo limachokera ku chipinda cha chipinda cha kristalo chomwe chimawapanga.
Maphunziro a Austenitic, mndandanda wa 300, uli ndi 16% mpaka 30% chromium ndi 8% mpaka 40% faifi tambala, kupanga makamaka austenitic kristalo structure. kukana dzimbiri bwino;makamaka ntchito chakudya, ntchito mankhwala, mankhwala ndi cryogenic applications.Control wa mapangidwe ferrite amapereka kwambiri otsika kutentha toughness.
Ferritic SS ndi gulu la 400 lomwe lili ndi maginito, lili ndi 11.5% mpaka 30% chromium, ndipo lili ndi ferritic predominant crystal structure. Mitundu yonse yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi 405, 409, 430 ndi 446.
Maphunziro a Martensitic, omwe amadziwikanso ndi mndandanda wa 400 monga 403, 410 ndi 440, ndi maginito, ali ndi 11.5% mpaka 18% chromium, ndipo ali ndi martensite monga mawonekedwe a crystal.mwayi wabwino kwambiri;ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazakudya, zida zamano ndi zopangira opaleshoni, zophikira, ndi zida zina.
Mukawotcherera SS, mtundu wa gawo lapansi ndi ntchito yake yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito idzatsimikizira zitsulo zoyenera zogwiritsira ntchito.Ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito njira yotetezera gasi, mungafunikire kumvetsera kwambiri kutetezedwa kwa mpweya wosakanikirana kuti muteteze mavuto ena okhudzana ndi kuwotcherera.
Kuti mugulitsire 304 yokha, mudzafunika electrode E308 / 308L. "L" imayimira carbon low, yomwe imathandiza kupewa intergranular corrosion.Ma electrode awa ali ndi carbon pansi pa 0.03%;chilichonse pamwamba pa izi kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha mpweya precipitating ku malire a tirigu ndi kuphatikiza ndi chromium kupanga chromium carbides, mogwira kuchepetsa dzimbiri kukana kwa steel.Izi zimaonekeratu ngati dzimbiri kumachitika kutentha anakhudzidwa zone (HAZ) wa SS welded olowa.
Popeza 304 ndi mtundu austenitic wa SS, lolingana kuwotcherera zitsulo adzakhala ambiri mwa austenite. kuyambira kuwonjezeredwa ku chitsulo chowotcherera.
Manambala a ferrite amachokera ku chithunzi cha Schaeffler ndi chithunzi cha WRC-1992, chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito nickel ndi chromium ofanana ndi chromium kuti awerengere mtengo wake, womwe ukakhala pa chithunzicho umatulutsa nambala yokhazikika.komabe, pamaperesenti apamwamba, chiwerengero cha ferrite chimawonjezeka mofulumira.Kumbukirani kuti ferrite mu SS si yofanana ndi carbon steel ferrite, koma gawo lotchedwa delta ferrite.Austenitic SS ilibe kusintha kwa gawo komwe kumakhudzana ndi kutentha kwapamwamba monga kutentha kwa kutentha.
Mapangidwe a ferrite ndi ofunikira chifukwa ndi otsika kwambiri kuposa austenite, koma amayenera kulamulidwa. Kuwerengera kochepa kwa ferrite kumatha kutulutsa ma welds omwe ali ndi kukana kwa dzimbiri muzinthu zina, koma amatha kusweka kwambiri pakuwotcherera. .
Popeza mudanena kuti muli ndi zovuta zowonongeka komanso chiwerengero chochepa cha ferrite, muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa zitsulo zanu zodzaza ndi kuonetsetsa kuti zimapanga chiwerengero chokwanira cha ferrite - kuzungulira 8 chiyenera kuthandizira. kusinthira ku njira yowotcherera zitsulo zamagetsi (GMAW) ndikugwiritsa ntchito 98% argon / 2% osakaniza okosijeni kuti muchepetse kuthekera kwa kaboni.
Kuwotcherera SS ku carbon steel muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito E309L filler material.Chitsulo chodzaza ichi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mwapadera kuwotcherera zitsulo zosafanana ndikupanga kuchuluka kwa ferrite kaboni chitsulo chikasungunuka mu weld.Popeza mpweya wina umalowa mu chitsulo cha carbon, ferrite stabilizers amawonjezedwa ku zitsulo zodzaza kuti athane ndi chizolowezi cha carbon dioxide.
Mwachidule, ngati mukufuna kuchotsa ming'alu yotentha pamalumikizidwe a austenitic SS, onetsetsani zitsulo zokwanira zodzaza ndi ferrite ndikutsata njira yabwino yowotcherera.Sungani kutentha kwapansi pa 50 kJ/inchi, sungani kutentha kwapakati mpaka kutsika, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zolumikizira za solder sizikuipitsidwa musanayambe kugulitsa. .
WELDER, yemwe kale ankatchedwa Practical Welding Today, akusonyeza anthu enieni amene amapanga zinthu zimene timagwiritsa ntchito komanso ntchito tsiku lililonse. Magaziniyi yakhala ikuthandiza anthu ku North America kwa zaka 20.
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