Mapaipi amatha kugawidwa m'mapaipi achitsulo ndi mapaipi omwe si achitsulo. Mapaipi achitsulo amagawidwanso mumitundu yachitsulo komanso yopanda chitsulo. Zitsulo zachitsulo zimapangidwa makamaka ndi chitsulo, pomwe zitsulo zopanda chitsulo sizimapangidwa ndi mapaipi achitsulo. s, komanso mipope yamkuwa, ndi mipope yopanda chitsulo.Mapaipi apulasitiki, mipope ya konkire, mapaipi apulasitiki, mipope yokhala ndi magalasi, mipope yokhala ndi konkriti ndi mapaipi ena apadera omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito pazinthu zapadera amatchedwa mapaipi achitsulo.mapaipi a carbon steel amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.Miyezo ya ASTM ndi ASME imayang'anira mapaipi osiyanasiyana ndi zida zamapaipi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga.
Chitsulo cha carbon ndi chitsulo chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'makampani, chomwe chimawerengera zoposa 90% yazitsulo zonse zopanga.Kutengera zomwe zili mu mpweya, zitsulo za kaboni zimagawidwanso m'magulu atatu:
Mu zitsulo alloyed, magawo osiyanasiyana a zinthu alloying ntchito kukwaniritsa ankafuna (zabwino) katundu monga weldability, ductility, machinability, mphamvu, hardenability ndi dzimbiri kukana, etc.Ena mwa zinthu zambiri ntchito alloying ndi maudindo awo ndi motere:
Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi aloyi zitsulo ndi chromium zili 10.5% (ochepera) zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zimasonyeza zodabwitsa dzimbiri kukana chifukwa mapangidwe woonda kwambiri wosanjikiza Cr2O3 pamwamba. Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chilinso ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya carbon, silicon ndi manganese.Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chimatchulidwanso kuti:
Kuphatikiza pa magiredi apamwambawa, magiredi apamwamba (kapena magiredi apadera) zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito pamakampani ndi:
Zida zachitsulo zimakhala ndi mpweya wambiri wa carbon (0.5% mpaka 1.5%).Zambiri za carbon zimakhala zolimba kwambiri komanso zolimba.Chitsulochi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka popanga zida ndi nkhungu.Zitsulo zazitsulo zimakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tungsten, cobalt, molybdenum, ndi vanadium kuti zitsulo ziwonjezeke kutentha ndi kutayika kwachitsulo komanso kukhazikika.Izi zimapangitsa kuti zida zobowola zikhale zabwino kwambiri.
Mapaipiwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamakampani opanga njira.ASTM ndi ASME zodziwika za mapaipi amawoneka mosiyana, koma magiredi azinthu ndi ofanana.Mwachitsanzo:
Kapangidwe kazinthu ndi katundu pa ASME ndi ASTM ma code ndizofanana kupatula dzina.Mphamvu ya ASTM A 106 Gr A ndi 330 Mpa, ASTM A 106 Gr B ndi 415 Mpa, ndi ASTM A 106 Gr C ndi 485 Mpa. Chitoliro cha chitsulo cha carbon chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi A16 G0r A 3G0 ndi A36 G0r A 61 Pali ASTM6 G0r A 61. Mpa, ASTM A 53 (Hot Dip Galvanized or Line Pipe), yomwenso imagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri mu chitoliro cha carbon steel ya pipe.ASTM A 53 chitoliro chimapezeka m'makalasi awiri:
Chitoliro cha ASTM A 53 chagawidwa m'mitundu itatu - Type E (RW - Resistance Welded), Type F (Ng'anjo ndi matako Welded), Type S (Seamless). Mu Type E, onse ASTM A 53 Gr A ndi ASTM A 53 Gr B akupezeka.Mu Type F, ASTM A 53 Gr A yokha ndiyomwe ilipo, ASTM Gr A5 ikupezeka, komanso A5 Gr A5. mphamvu yamphamvu ya ASTM A 53 Gr A chitoliro ndi yofanana ndi ASTM A 106 Gr A pa 330 Mpa. Mphamvu yowonongeka ya ASTM A 53 Gr B chitoliro ndi yofanana ndi ASTM A 106 Gr B pa 415 Mpa. Izi zimaphimba mapaipi a carbon steel grade omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamakampani opanga ndondomeko.
Mapaipi achitsulo osapanga dzimbiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamakampani opanga zinthu amatchedwa austenitic stainless steels.Makhalidwe ofunikira a chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha austenitic ndikuti simaginito kapena paramagnetic.Mafotokozedwe atatu ofunikira pazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri za austenitic ndi:
Pali magiredi 18 mwatsatanetsatane, omwe 304 L ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Gulu lodziwika bwino ndi 316 L chifukwa cha kukana kwambiri kwa dzimbiri.ASTM A 312 (ASME SA 312) ya mipope 8 mainchesi kapena kuchepera m'mimba mwake. "L" pamodzi ndi kalasiyo ikuwonetsa kuti ili ndi mpweya wochepa wa carbon, womwe umapangitsa kuti chitoliro chikhale bwino.
Izi zikugwiranso ntchito pa mapaipi akulu akulu omangika. Ndondomeko za mapaipi zomwe zafotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane ndi Ndandanda 5S ndi Ndandanda 10.
Weldability wa Austenitic Stainless Steels - Zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri za Austenitic zimakhala ndi kutentha kwapamwamba kuposa ferritic kapena martensitic zosapanga dzimbiri. zipangizo zodzaza ndi kuwotcherera.Submerged arc kuwotcherera (SAW) sikulimbikitsidwa pamene zonse austenitic zosapanga dzimbiri kapena otsika ferrite content welds chofunika.Gome (Zowonjezera-1) ndi kalozera posankha oyenera filler waya kapena elekitirodi zochokera m'munsi zinthu (kwa austenitic zosapanga dzimbiri zitsulo).
Chubu cha Chromium molybdenum ndi choyenera pamizere yotumizira kutentha kwambiri chifukwa mphamvu yamachubu ya chubu ya chrome molybdenum imakhalabe yosasinthika pakatentha kwambiri. Chubuchi chimapeza ntchito m'mafakitale amagetsi, zosinthira kutentha, ndi zina zotero. Chubuchi ndi ASTM A 335 m'makalasi angapo:
Mapaipi achitsulo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzimitsa moto, ngalande, zimbudzi, ntchito zolemetsa (pansi pa ntchito yolemetsa) - mapaipi apansi panthaka ndi ntchito zina.
Mapaipi achitsulo amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mapaipi apansi pa ntchito zamoto.Mapaipi a Dürr ndi ovuta chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa silicon.Mapaipiwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ntchito yamalonda ya asidi, monga kalasiyo imasonyeza kukana kwa asidi wamalonda, ndi mankhwala a madzi omwe amachotsa zinyalala za asidi.
Nirmal Surendran Menon adalandira Bachelor of Mechanical Engineering kuchokera ku yunivesite ya Anna, Tamil Nadu, India ku 2005 ndi Master of Science in Project Management kuchokera ku National University of Singapore ku 2010. Iye ali mu mafakitale a mafuta / gasi / petrochemical. zipangizo.
Ashish ali ndi digiri ya bachelor mu engineering ndipo ali ndi zaka zopitilira 20 akugwira nawo ntchito zambiri zauinjiniya, kutsimikizira kuti ali ndi thanzi labwino, ziyeneretso za opereka / kuyang'anira, kugula zinthu, kuyang'anira zida zowotcherera, zowotcherera, kupanga, zomanga ndi zocheperako.
Ntchito zamafuta ndi gasi nthawi zambiri zimakhala kumadera akutali kutali ndi likulu la makampani.Tsopano, ndizotheka kuyang'anira ntchito ya mpope, kukonza ndi kusanthula deta ya seismic, ndikutsata ogwira ntchito padziko lonse lapansi kuchokera pafupifupi kulikonse.Kaya ogwira ntchito ali muofesi kapena kunja kwa tawuni, intaneti ndi mapulogalamu okhudzana nawo amathandiza kuti mauthenga ambiri azitha kuyenda ndi kulamulira kuposa kale lonse.
Lembetsani ku OILMAN Lero, kalata yamakalata yamasabata awiri ndi sabata imaperekedwa ku bokosi lanu ndi zonse zomwe muyenera kudziwa zokhudza bizinesi yamafuta ndi gasi, zomwe zikuchitika komanso zambiri zamakampani.