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Kuyesera kunkachitika mu njira yamakona anayi otsekedwa ndi mizere yopingasa ya ndodo zinayi zokhotakhota zozungulira. s amapangidwa omwe amakhudzana ndi kupanikizika kwa malo ovuta a dongosolo ndi miyeso ya khalidwe la ndodo. Mfundo yodziyimira payokha imapezeka kuti ikugwira nambala zambiri za Euler zomwe zimasonyeza kupanikizika m'malo osiyanasiyana, mwachitsanzo, ngati kupanikizika kuli kopanda dimensionless pogwiritsa ntchito kuwonetsera kwa liwiro la kulowetsa kwabwino kwa ndodo, setiyo imakhala yodziimira pa ngodya ya dip.Zotsatira za semi-empirical correlation zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma hydraulics ofanana.
Kutentha ndi misa zipangizo kutengerapo zikuphatikizapo ya ma modules, ngalande kapena maselo amene madzi amadutsamo zambiri kapena zochepa zovuta mkati nyumba monga ndodo, buffers, amaika, etc. Posachedwapa, pakhala chidwi chotsitsimutsa kumvetsa bwino njira kulumikiza kugawa mkati kuthamanga kugawa ndi mphamvu pa internals zovuta kugwa kwa gawoli. s, ndi kuwonjezeka kwa miniaturization ya zipangizo. Kafukufuku waposachedwa wa kukakamiza kwapakati kugawa ndi kutayika kumaphatikizapo njira zowonongeka ndi nthiti zooneka bwino 1, ma cell electrochemical reactor 2, capillary constriction 3 ndi lattice frame materials 4.
Zomwe zimapangidwira mkati mwazomwe zimatsutsana ndi ndodo za cylindrical kudzera mu ma unit modules, omwe amamanga m'mitolo kapena olekanitsidwa.Mu zotenthetsera kutentha, kasinthidwe kameneka kamakhala pamtundu wa chipolopolo.5 idapeza zolumikizananso ndi kusuntha kwapang'onopang'ono kumayendedwe a ndodo.Liu et al.6 anayeza kutsika kwamphamvu mumayendedwe amakona anayi okhala ndi mitolo yamachubu omangika awiri okhala ndi maulalo osiyanasiyana ndipo adayesa nambala yofananira ndi mitolo ya ndodo yokhala ndi zowulutsa.
Monga momwe zikuyembekezeredwa, pali zinthu zingapo zosinthira zomwe zimakhudza machitidwe a hydraulic a silinda ya silinda: mtundu wa makonzedwe (mwachitsanzo, osasunthika kapena pamzere), miyeso yofananira (mwachitsanzo, phula, m'mimba mwake, kutalika), ndi mbali yokhotakhota, pakati pa ena.7 anaganiza yothandiza porosity chitsanzo ntchito kutalika kwa unit selo monga ulamuliro chizindikiro, ntchito tandem ndi arrays zazambiri ndi Reynolds manambala pakati pa 103 ndi 104.Snarski8 anaphunzira mmene sipekitiramu mphamvu, kuchokera accelerometers ndi hydrophone Ufumuyo yamphamvu mu ngalande madzi, zimasiyanasiyana ndi alclination kuyenda.9 anaphunzira kugawa kuthamanga khoma kuzungulira cylindrical ndodo mu yaw airflow.Mityakov neri Al.10 adakonza malo othamanga pambuyo pa silinda yoyatsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito stereo PIV.Alam et al.11 inachita kafukufuku wozama wa ma cylinders a tandem, poyang'ana zotsatira za chiwerengero cha Reynolds ndi chiwerengero cha geometric pa vortex shedding.Adatha kuzindikira zigawo zisanu, zomwe ndi kutseka, kutsekedwa kwapakatikati, kutsekedwa, kutsekedwa kwa subharmonic ndi kumeta ubweya wosanjikiza rettachment states.
Nthawi zambiri, magwiridwe antchito a hydraulic a cell cell akuyembekezeka kutengera kasinthidwe ndi ma geometry a kapangidwe ka mkati, nthawi zambiri amayesedwa ndi ma epirical correlations a miyeso yeniyeni yoyesera.Muzida zambiri zopangidwa ndi zigawo zanthawi ndi nthawi, machitidwe oyenda amabwerezedwa mu selo lililonse, motero, chidziwitso chokhudzana ndi maselo oyimira chingagwiritsidwe ntchito kufotokoza mawonekedwe onse a hydraulic of the structure. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri zimatha kuchepetsedwa.Chitsanzo chodziwika bwino ndi kutulutsa kwa equation kwa mbale ya orifice 15. Pazochitika zapadera za ndodo zokhotakhota, kaya zotsekedwa kapena zotseguka, chizindikiro chochititsa chidwi nthawi zambiri chimatchulidwa m'mabuku ndipo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi okonza mapulani ndicho kukula kwakukulu kwa hydraulic magnitude (mwachitsanzo, kutsika kwapakati, kukakamiza, vortex kukhetsa kumayenda pafupipafupi, ndi zina zotero). nthawi zambiri amatchedwa mfundo yodziyimira pawokha ndipo amaganiza kuti kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka za kapabundunganingwanekambongani33jojojojojojojojojojo w w wINGA tsebejojolisabulabeka yesijojojojoororororororororororororororororojoqoqoqoqoqo tše yeWowa woWo koLan' Mfundo yodziyimira payokha ikuphatikiza kugwedezeka kwa vortex-induced vibration16 ndi gawo limodzi ndi magawo awiri apakati drag417.
M'ntchito yamakono, zotsatira za kafukufuku wa kupanikizika kwa mkati ndi kutsika kwapakati mu njira yokhala ndi mzere wodutsa wa ndodo zinayi zokhotakhota za cylindrical zimaperekedwa.Yesani magulu atatu a ndodo ndi ma diameter osiyana, kusintha ngodya ya inclination. um kuti awone ngati mfundo yodziyimira payokha ndiyodalirika.Pomaliza, malumikizano opanda dimensionless semi-empirical amapangidwa omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga zida zofananira zama hydraulic.
Kukonzekera koyesera kunali ndi gawo loyesera la rectangular lomwe linalandira kutuluka kwa mpweya woperekedwa ndi axial fan.Chigawo choyesera chili ndi gawo lomwe lili ndi ndodo ziwiri zapakati zofananira ndi ndodo ziwiri za theka zomwe zimalowa m'makoma a njira, monga momwe tawonetsera mkuyu 1e, onse awiri omwewo.
gawo lolowera (kutalika mu mm).Pangani b pogwiritsa ntchito Openscad 2021.01, openscad.org.Main test section (utali mu mm) .Created with Openscad 2021.01, openscad.org c Mawonekedwe a Cross-sectional of the main test section (utali mu mm) .Anapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito Openscad 20221.1 . 021.01, mawonekedwe ophulika a gawo la mayeso la openscad.org e.Created with Openscad 2021.01, openscad.org.
Ma seti atatu a ndodo zamitundu yosiyanasiyana adayesedwa.Table 1 imatchula makhalidwe a geometrical pazochitika zilizonse.Ndodozo zimayikidwa pa protractor kotero kuti mbali yawo yokhudzana ndi kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwekazi ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka machitidwebubundunkenkemwejojojojojojojo wombombombombombombo kokombo kokoajiajishoniajilinijoaji wo wo wo wo wo wo wo wotsa8 waya woona za ntchito.
Kuthamanga kwa mpweya wa gawo la mayesero kunayesedwa ndi venturi yovomerezeka, monga momwe tawonetsera mu Chithunzi 2, ndikuyang'aniridwa pogwiritsa ntchito DP Cell Honeywell SCX. Kutentha kwamadzi pa kutuluka kwa gawo la mayesero kunayesedwa ndi PT100 thermometer ndipo kumayendetsedwa pa 45 ± 1 ° C. mtunda wa pafupifupi 4 ma hydraulic diameters adagwiritsidwa ntchito pakati pa chinsalu chomaliza ndi ndodo, ndipo kutalika kwa chotulukira kunali 11 hydraulic diameters.
Chithunzi chojambula cha chubu cha Venturi chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyeza kuthamanga kwa cholowera (kutalika mu millimeters). Created with Openscad 2021.01, openscad.org.
Yang'anirani kupanikizika pa nkhope imodzi ya ndodo yapakati pogwiritsa ntchito 0.5 mm pampopi yapakati pa ndege yapakati pa gawo loyesera.chifukwa chake kulondola kwa angular kuli pafupifupi 2 °. Ndodo yoyang'aniridwa ikhoza kuzunguliridwa pa axis yake, monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 3.Kusiyanitsa pakati pa kupanikizika kwa pamwamba pa ndodo ndi kupanikizika pakhomo la gawo la mayesero kumayesedwa ndi kusiyana kwa DP Cell Honeywell SCX mndandanda.
makonda amayendedwe.Makoma a mayendedwe akuwonetsedwa mu imvi.Kuthamanga kumayenda kuchokera kumanzere kupita kumanja ndipo kumatsekeredwa ndi ndodo.Dziwani kuti mawonekedwe "A" ndi perpendicular kwa rod axis.Ndege zakunja zimayikidwa m'makoma a lateral channel.A protractor amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyeza angle of inclination \(\ alpha \) .Created with Openscad.12.0
Cholinga cha kuyesera ndi kuyeza ndi kutanthauzira kutsika kwa kuthamanga pakati pa zolowetsa njira ndi kukakamiza pamwamba pa ndodo yapakati, \ (\ theta \) ndi \ (\ alpha \) kwa azimuth osiyana ndi ma dips.Kufotokozera mwachidule zotsatira, kupanikizika kosiyana kudzawonetsedwa mu mawonekedwe opanda dimensionless monga nambala ya Euler:
kumene \(\ rho \) ndi kuchuluka kwa madzimadzi, \({u}_{i}\) ndi liwiro lolowera, \({p}_{i}\) ndi mphamvu yolowera, ndipo \({p }_{ w}\) ndi kukakamiza pa malo operekedwa pa khoma la ndodo. Kuthamanga kwa cholowera kumakhazikika mkati mwa mizere itatu yosiyana yotsatiridwa ndi ma valve 6 kuchokera ku 0 kutsegulidwa kwa ma valve 0. kupita ku nambala ya Reynolds, \(Re\equiv {u}_{i}H/\nu \) (pomwe \(H\) ndi kutalika kwa tchanelo, ndipo \(\nu \) ndi viscosity ya kinematic) pakati pa 40,000 ndi 67,000.Nambala ya ndodo ya Reynolds (\(Re\equiv \5) {0} 5/0} kuchokera ku 5 mpaka 5 / __nu. Kuchuluka kwa chipwirikiti komwe kuyerekezedwa ndi kupatuka kwachibale kwa ma siginali olembedwa mu venturi ndi 5% pafupifupi.
Chithunzi 4 chikuwonetsa kulumikizana kwa \({Eu}_{w}\) ndi azimuth ngodya \(\theta \), yokhazikika ndi ngodya zitatu zoviika, \(\ alpha \) = 30 °, 50 ° ndi 70 ° .Miyeso imagawika m'magrafu atatu molingana ndi kukula kwa ndodoyo. Zitha kuwoneka kuti kusatsimikizika kwa kuchuluka kwa kudalira komwe kumayendera ndi kuchuluka kwa kudalira komwe kumayendera. θ amatsatira mchitidwe wachizolowezi wa kupanikizika kwa khoma mozungulira kuzungulira kwa chopinga chozungulira. Pamakona oyenda, mwachitsanzo, θ kuchokera ku 0 mpaka 90 °, kuthamanga kwa khoma la ndodo kumachepa, kufika pang'onopang'ono pa 90 °, zomwe zimagwirizana ndi kusiyana pakati pa ndodo kumene kuthamanga kuli kwakukulu chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa malo othamanga. yunifolomu chifukwa cha kupatukana kwa malire akumbuyo kwa khoma la ndodo.Zindikirani kuti palibe kusintha kwapang'onopang'ono kwapang'onopang'ono, zomwe zimasonyeza kuti kusokonezeka kotheka kuchokera kumagulu ometa ubweya oyandikana nawo, monga zotsatira za Coanda, ndi zachiwiri.
Kusintha kwa nambala ya Euler ya khoma lozungulira ndodo ya ma angles osiyana siyana ndi ma diameter a ndodo.Kupangidwa ndi Gnuplot 5.4, www.gnuplot.info.
Zotsatirazi, tikusanthula zotsatira potengera kuti manambala a Euler amatha kuyerekezedwa ndi magawo a geometric okha, mwachitsanzo, kutalika kwa mawonekedwe \(d/g\) ndi \(d/H\) (pomwe \(H\) ndi kutalika kwa tchanelo) ndi kupendekera \(\ alpha \) . rod axis, \({u}_{n}={u}_{i}\mathrm {sin} \alpha \) .Izi nthawi zina zimatchedwa mfundo yodziyimira pawokha. Chimodzi mwa zolinga za kusanthula kotsatiraku ndikuwunika ngati mfundoyi ikugwira ntchito pa nkhani yathu, kumene kutuluka ndi zopinga zimakhala mkati mwa njira zotsekedwa.
Tiyeni tilingalire kupanikizika komwe kuyezedwa kutsogolo kwa ndodo yapakatikati, mwachitsanzo, θ = 0. Malinga ndi equation ya Bernoulli, kupanikizika kwa malo awa\({p}_{o}\) kumakwaniritsa:
kumene \({u}_{o}\) ndi liwiro lamadzimadzi pafupi ndi khoma la ndodo pa θ = 0, ndipo timaganiza zotayika zazing'ono zosasinthika. Dziwani kuti kupanikizika kwamphamvu kumakhala kodziimira pa nthawi ya mphamvu ya kinetic. Eu}_{w}\) ili pafupi koma osati yofanana ndendende ndi mtengo uwu, makamaka kwa ma angles akuluakulu oviika. Izi zikusonyeza kuti kuthamanga kwa ndodo sikutha pa \(\ theta =0\), yomwe ingathe kuponderezedwa ndi kupatuka kwapamwamba kwa mizere yamakono yomwe imapangidwa ndi ndodo yopendekera. pansi ndi kuchepetsa liwiro pamwamba. Pongoganiza kuti kukula kwa kupatuka pamwambaku ndi kuwonetsera kwa liwiro lolowera pamtunda (ie \({u}_{i}\mathrm{cos}\alpha \)), chotsatira cha nambala ya Euler ndi:
Chithunzi 5 chikufanizitsa ma equation.(3) Chimasonyeza kuvomerezana kwabwino ndi deta yoyesera yofananira.Kupatuka kwapakati kunali 25%, ndipo mlingo wa chidaliro unali 95%.Zindikirani kuti equation.(3) Mogwirizana ndi mfundo ya ufulu wodzilamulira. Momwemonso, Chithunzi 6 chimasonyeza kuti chiwerengero cha Euler chikugwirizana ndi kukakamizidwa kumbuyo, {1}kumbuyo kwa _, {0} ndi kuyesa kumbuyo kwa ex_ {0} {0} pa test_ {0} {0} pamwamba pa _ {0} gment, \({p}_{e}\), Zimatsatiranso kachitidwe kolingana ndi \({\mathrm{sin}}}^{2}\alpha \) .Pazochitika zonsezi, komabe, coefficient imadalira m'mimba mwake ya ndodo, zomwe ziri zomveka chifukwa chotsirizirachi chimatsimikizira malo oletsedwa. Mbaliyi ndi yofanana ndi kutsika kwapansi kwa orifice plate, gawo la orifice test, gawo lomwe ndilo gawo la orifice test. Pachifukwa ichi, kupanikizika kumatsika kwambiri pakugwedezeka ndipo pang'onopang'ono kumabwereranso pamene kukukwera kumbuyo.
kumene \({c}_{d}\) ndi kukoka kokwana kufotokoza kuchira kwapang'onopang'ono pakati pa θ = 90° ndi θ = 180°, ndi \({A}_{m}\) ndi \({A}_{f}\) ndi gawo lochepera laulere pautali wa unit perpendicular to rod axis/(Am{_{A){_{A} ndi {_}ubale wake{_{A} ndi{_} {_} ubale ndi{_} Kumanzere (g+d\kumanja)/g\).Nambala zofananira za Euler ndi:
Nambala ya Wall Euler pa \(\theta =0\) ngati ntchito ya dip. Mpindiroyi imagwirizana ndi equation.(3).Created with Gnuplot 5.4, www.gnuplot.info.
Nambala ya Wall Euler imasintha, mu \(\theta =18{0}^{o}\) (chizindikiro chonse) ndi kutuluka (chizindikiro chopanda kanthu) ndi dip.Mapiritsiwa amafanana ndi mfundo yodziyimira pawokha, ie \(Eu\propto {\mathrm{sin}}}^{2}\alpha \).Adapangidwa ndi Gnuplot, www.info.gnu.5.
Chithunzi 7 chikuwonetsa kudalira kwa \({Eu}_{0-180}/{\mathrm{sin}}}^{2}\alpha \) pa \(d/g\), kusonyeza kusasinthasintha Kwabwino kopitilira muyeso.(5).Chikoka chopezedwa ndi \({c}_{d}=1.28\pm 0.02) chikuwonetsanso kutsika kofananako kwa 7% ndi kutsika kwamphamvu kwa Ligrafu komweko, komanso kutsika kofananako kwa 6%. kutulutsa ndi kutulutsa kwa gawo la mayeso kumatsata njira yofananira, koma ndi ma coefficients osiyanasiyana omwe amaganiziranso kuyambiranso kwamphamvu kumbuyo kwapakati pakati pa bar ndi kutulutsa kwa tchanelo.Koko kofananira kofananira ndi \({c}_{d}=1.00\pm 0.05\) ndi mulingo wodalirika wa 67%.
Kukokerako kumagwirizana ndi \(d/g\) kutsika kwapakati ndi kumanzere kwa ndodo\(\kumanzere({Eu}_{0-180}\kumanja)\) ndi kutsika konse kwa mphamvu pakati pa cholowera ndi chotulukira. Malo otuwa ndi 67% chidaliro cholumikizira.Created with Gnuplot..gnut 5.4
Kupanikizika kocheperako \ ({p _ {{90} \ (} Ma Idis ndi Hampoirprop ya Channel) imagwirizana ndi zinthu zotsatirazi:
Kupsyinjika \ ({p}_{g}\) kungagwirizane ndi kupanikizika kwa ndodo pamwamba pa θ = 90 ° mwa kuphatikiza kugawa kwapakati pa kusiyana komwe kumalekanitsa ndodo yapakati pakati pa midpoint ndi khoma (onani Chithunzi 8).Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu kumapereka 19:
kumene \ (y\) ndi kugwirizana kwabwino kwa ndodo pamwamba kuchokera pakatikati pa kusiyana pakati pa ndodo zapakati, ndipo \ (K \) ndi kupindika kwa mzere wamakono pa malo \ (y \) .Pakuwunika kuwunika kwa kupanikizika pa ndodo pamwamba, timaganiza kuti \ ({u}_{g}\) ndi yunifolomu ndipo \ (K\ kumanzere) yasinthidwa ndi nambala (y) monga ver (y) ndi nambala (y) Pa khoma la ndodo, kupindika kumatsimikiziridwa ndi gawo la ellipse la ndodo pa ngodya \(\ alpha \), mwachitsanzo \(K\left(g/2\right)=\left(2/d\right){\ mathrm{sin}}^{2}\alpha \) (onani Chithunzi 8) kupindika pa universal coordinate \ (y\) kumaperekedwa ndi:
Onetsani mawonekedwe apakati, kutsogolo (kumanzere) ndi pamwamba (pansi).Wopangidwa ndi Microsoft Word 2019,
Kumbali inayi, poteteza misa, liwiro lapakati pa ndege yomwe imayenda mozungulira malo oyezera \(\langle {u}_{g}\rangle\) ikugwirizana ndi liwiro lolowera:
pomwe \({A}_{i}\) ndi gawo lolowera gawo lolowera tchanelo ndipo \({A}_{g}\) ndi gawo lolowera pagawo loyezera (onani mkuyu 8) motsatana ndi :
Dziwani kuti \({u}_{g}\) silingana ndi \(\langle {u}_{g}\rangle \). M'malo mwake, Chithunzi 9 chikuwonetsa chiyerekezo cha liwiro \ ({u}_{g}/\langle {u}_{g}\rangle \), chowerengeredwa ndi equation.(10)–(14), chokonzedwa molingana ndi pulogalamu yomwe ingazindikiridwe, (kutengera pulogalamu yomwe ingazindikiridwe). kulumikizidwa ndi polynomial yachiwiri:
Chiyerekezo chapamwamba\({u}_{g}\) ndi avareji\(\langle {u}_{g}\rangle \) ma liwiro apakati pa tchanelo chopingasa\(.\) Mapiritsi olimba ndi odukidwa amagwirizana ndi ma equation.(5) ndi kusiyanasiyana kwa ma coefficients ofananira\(\pm 25\5.5.plot.
Chithunzi 10 chikufanizira \({Eu}_{90}\) ndi zotsatira zoyeserera za equation.(16).Kupatuka kocheperako kunali 25%, ndipo chidaliro chinali 95%.
Nambala ya Wall Euler pa \(\theta ={90}^{o}\). Mpendeketewu umagwirizana ndi equation.(16).Adapangidwa ndi Gnuplot 5.4, www.gnuplot.info.
Mphamvu ya ukonde \({f}_{n}\) yomwe ikugwira ntchito pa ndodo yapakati perpendicular to axis yake ikhoza kuwerengedwa pophatikiza kukakamiza pa ndodo motere:
pomwe coefficient yoyamba ndi kutalika kwa ndodo mkati mwa njira, ndipo kuphatikiza kumachitika pakati pa 0 ndi 2π.
Kuwonetsera kwa \ ({f}_{n}\) kumayendedwe a madzi kuyenera kufanana ndi kupanikizika pakati pa kulowetsa ndi kutuluka kwa njira, pokhapokha ngati kukangana kofanana ndi ndodo ndi yaying'ono chifukwa cha chitukuko chosakwanira cha gawo lotsatira Kuthamanga kwachangu sikuli koyenera.Chifukwa chake,
Chithunzi 11 chikuwonetsa graph ya ma equation.(20) adawonetsa kuvomerezana kwabwino pazoyeserera zonse.Komabe, pali kupatuka pang'ono kwa 8% kumanja, komwe kungatchulidwe ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chiŵerengero cha kusalinganika kwachangu pakati pa njira yolowera ndi kutuluka.
Mphamvu ya mphamvu ya tchanelo.Mzerewu umagwirizana ndi equation.(20).Chigawo cholumikizira cha Pearson chinali 0.97.Adapangidwa ndi Gnuplot 5.4, www.gnuplot.info.
Kusiyanasiyana kozungulira kwa ndodo, kupanikizika pa khoma la ndodo ndi kutsika kwachitsulo mu njira ndi mizere yopingasa ya ndodo zinayi zokhotakhota za cylindrical zinayesedwa. Mipingo itatu yosiyana ya ndodo inayesedwa. kutsogolo ndi osachepera pa mpata ofananira nawo pakati pa ndodo, akuchira kumbuyo gawo chifukwa malire wosanjikiza kulekana.
Deta yoyesera imawunikidwa pogwiritsa ntchito kusamala kwachangu komanso kuwunika kwa theka-empirical kuti mupeze manambala osasinthika omwe amagwirizana ndi manambala a Euler ndi miyeso yodziwika ya ma tchanelo ndi ndodo.
Mfundo yodziyimira pawokha imapezeka kuti imagwira manambala ambiri a Euler omwe amawonetsa kukakamiza m'malo osiyanasiyana, mwachitsanzo, ngati kupanikizika kuli kopanda malire pogwiritsa ntchito kuwonetsera kwa liwiro lolowera ku ndodo, setiyo imakhala yodziyimira pawokha pangodya yoviika.Kuonjezera apo, mawonekedwewa akugwirizana ndi misa ndi kuthamanga kwa kayendedwe kake Zosungirako zosungirako zimagwirizana ndipo zimathandizira mfundo yomwe ili pamwambayi.Kuponderezedwa kwa ndodo pamwamba pa kusiyana pakati pa ndodo kumachoka pang'onopang'ono kuchokera ku mfundo iyi.Malumikizidwe osagwirizana ndi ma semi-empirical amapangidwa omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga zipangizo zofanana za hydraulic. s20,21,22,23,24.
Chotsatira chochititsa chidwi kwambiri chimachokera ku kuwunika kwa kutsika kwamphamvu pakati pa malo olowera ndi kutulutsa kwa gawo loyesera. Mkati mwa kusatsimikizika koyesera, chotsatira chokokerachi chikufanana ndi mgwirizano, zomwe zikuwonetsa kukhalapo kwa magawo otsatirawa:
Zindikirani kukula \(\ kumanzere(d/g+2\ kumanja)d/g\) m'dinominator ya equation.(23) ndi kukula kwa m'makolo mu equation.(4), apo ayi ikhoza kuwerengedwa ndi gawo locheperapo komanso laulere lodutsana motsata ndodo, \({A}_{m}}}) amalingalira kuti \{A} manambala otsalira mkati \(A) ndi \ yn's akuganiza \(A) ndi \ yn's = \ yn) za kafukufuku wamakono (40,000-67,000 kwa njira ndi 2500-6500 kwa ndodo) Ndikofunikira kuzindikira kuti ngati pali kusiyana kwa kutentha mkati mwa njira, kungakhudze kuchuluka kwa madzimadzi.
Ruck, S., Köhler, S., Schlindwein, G., ndi Arbeiter, F. Kutentha kwa kutentha ndi miyeso ya kutsika kwa kutentha mu njira yowonongeka ndi nthiti zowoneka mosiyana pakhoma.expert.Kutentha Kutentha 31, 334-354 (2017).
Wu, L., Arenas, L., Graves, J., ndi Walsh, F. F. Flow cell characterization: mawonekedwe othamanga, kutsika kwa kuthamanga, ndi kusuntha kwakukulu mu ma electrode awiri-dimensional muzitsulo zamakona anayi.J.Electrochemistry.Socialist Party.167, 043505 (2020).
Liu, S., Dou, X., Zeng, Q. & Liu, J. Zofunikira zazikulu za mphamvu ya Jamin m'ma capillaries okhala ndi magawo opingasa.J.Gasoline.science.Britain.196, 107635 (2021).